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Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1–Infected Macrophages Induce Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide (NO) Production in Astrocytes: Astrocytic NO as a Possible Mediator of Neural Damage in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome by Kotaro Hori, Parris R. Burd, Keizo Furuke, Joseph Kutza, Karis A. Weih, and Kathleen A. Clouse Blood Volume 93(6):1843-1850 March 15, 1999 ©1999 by American Society of Hematology NO is produced and iNOS is expressed in cocultures of HIV-1–infected MDM and human astrocytes. Kotaro Hori et al. Blood 1999;93:1843-1850 ©1999 by American Society of Hematology Cells producing iNOS in cocultures are astrocytes but not MDM. MDM precultured for 7 days in DMEM medium were infected with HIV-1ADA. Kotaro Hori et al. Blood 1999;93:1843-1850 ©1999 by American Society of Hematology Coculture supernatant induces iNOS in astrocytes. Kotaro Hori et al. Blood 1999;93:1843-1850 ©1999 by American Society of Hematology iNOS is induced by gp41 in cocultures of uninfected MDM and astrocytes. Kotaro Hori et al. Blood 1999;93:1843-1850 ©1999 by American Society of Hematology NO inhibits HIV-1 replication in MDM. HIV-1ADA was incubated with or without SNAP for 3 hours and then MDM was precultured for 7 days in DMEM medium were infected with non–SNAPtreated and SNAP-treated viruses. Kotaro Hori et al. Blood 1999;93:1843-1850 ©1999 by American Society of Hematology A NOS inhibitor partially reverses the HIV-1 suppressive effect of astrocytes. Kotaro Hori et al. Blood 1999;93:1843-1850 ©1999 by American Society of Hematology