Download Diploid Cells

• Defined: Tightly coiled
DNA
• Form when cells divide
– Chromosomes created
for the new cells
• 2 Parts:
– 1) Chromatids: two
identical parts of a
chromosome
– 2) Centromere:
Joins chromatids
together
• Defined: Picture of an
individuals chromosomes
– Help identify sex &
chromosome defects
• Size of final pair identifies
sex
– Same size: XX = female
– Different size: XY = male
• Normal human will have
46 chromosomes per cell
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Now that cells have
been obtained, their
chromosomes can be
seen and
photographed
Under a
microscope,
the stained
chromosomes
are randomly
scattered.
The lab technician
then arranged the
chromosomes into
pairs so the
karyotype can be
analyzed.
Down Syndrome: What’s Wrong?
• Writing notation:
– 1st: total
chromosome #
– 2nd: Sex
chromosomes
– 3rd: extra or
missing
• Down Syndrome
47, XY, +21
Turner’s Syndrome: What’s Wrong?
• Write the notation
for Turner’s
Syndrome.
45, X, -23
or
45, XO, -23
Patau’s Syndrome: What’s Wrong?
• Write the notation
for Patau’s
Syndrome.
47, XY, +13
Klinefelter’s Syndrome: What’s Wrong?
• Write the notation
for Klinefelter’s
Syndrome.
47, XXY, +23
• Diploid Cells = Cells
with the full set of
chromosomes
– Paired chromosomes
• Half of our chromosomes
come from each parent
(23 from each parent)
• Somatic (non-sex) cells
are diploid
• Created by mitosis
• Ex: Skin, Muscle, Nerve,
Blood Cells
• Haploid Cells = Cells with ½ the
total number of chromosomes
• Gametes (sex cells) are the only
haploid cells
– Ex: Sperm, Egg, Pollen
• Created by meiosis
– Chromosome number reduced by
1/2
• How do humans get 46
chromosomes?
That one
magical night!
23
chromosomes
23
chromosomes
23
46
chromosomes
Chromosomes
(diploid)
23
chromosomes
23
chromosomes
23
chromosomes
Zygote
divides from
mitosis
Typical human has about 100 trillion cells
9 months of cells dividing later….
Diploid Karyotype
Haploid Karyotype
Because diploid cells have the full set of chromosomes, you will see
chromosomes paired.
• Is this a male or female rat?
male
• What is the diploid chromosome number?
42
• What is the haploid chromosome number?
21
• How many chromosomes would be in somatic cells?
42
• How many chromosomes would be in brain cells?
42
• How many chromosomes would be in gamete cells?
21
• How many chromosomes would be in egg cells?
21
• How many chromosomes would be in muscle cells?
42
• How many chromosomes would be in sperm cells?
21
Kobe Kuiz
• 1) What is the difference between chromatin, chromatids, and chromosomes?
• 2) Name the location where chromatids connect.
• 3) Examine the karyotype.
– What the haploid number?
– Diploid number?
– Somatic number?
– Gamete number?
• 4) Which of the following cells are created by mitosis?
Skin Nerve Sperm Brain Kidney Stomach Pollen
• 5) Which of the following cells are created by meiosis?
Skin Nerve Sperm Brain Kidney Stomach Pollen
• 6) Which of the following cells are haploid?
Skin Nerve Sperm Brain Kidney Stomach Pollen
• 7) Which of the following cells are diploid?
Skin Nerve Sperm Brain Kidney Stomach Pollen
Kobe Kuiz
•
•
•
•
•
8) Left, Middle, or Right: Which karyotype is from a diploid cell?
9) Left, Middle, or Right: Which karyotype could be from a muscle cell?
10) Left, Middle, or Right: Which karyotype is from a sperm cell?
11) Left, Middle, or Right: Which karyotype is from an egg cell?
12) Left, Middle, or Right: Which two karyotypes are from a haploid cell?