Download Chapter 17-European Renaissance and Reformation

Bell Work
Tuesday 12/09
Look in your book beginning on page 471 and
begin reading to find the answers
• 1. ) What does the term “Renaissance” mean?
• 2.) What did “humanism” attempt to achieve?
• 3.) Who might be considered a patron during
the Renaissance?
European Renaissance and
Reformation
Chapter 17
Section 1-Italy:Birthplace of the
Renaissance
Italy’s Advantage
• Renaissance-Meaning
rebirth/revival of the arts
and learning
(1300 A.D. to 1600 A.D.)
– Italians wanted to revive the
culture of classical Greeks
and Romans
Italy’s Advantage
• Three advantages that
made Italy the
birthplace of the
Renaissance
– Thriving cities
– Wealthy merchant
class
– Classical heritage of
Greece and Rome
Italy’s Advantage
• Medici FamilyPowerful banking
family who ruled
Florence, Italy
during the 1400’s.
– Acting as patrons
they encouraged
the arts during the
Renaissance
Classical and Worldly Values
• HumanismMovement that focused
on human potential and
achievement
• Secular-Worldly
outlook on life and art
rather than spiritual
• Patrons- People who
financially supported
the arts
Classical and Worldly Values
• Renaissance Man- A man well versed
in many areas of art and education
– The Courtier-Book which taught young
men how to become Renaissance men
• Renaissance Woman– Encouraged to be charming and know the
classics, and inspire art
– Not encouraged to seek fame, or create art
The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art
• PerspectiveArtistic technique
that showed three
dimensions on a
flat surface
The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art
• Donatello-Artist, poet, sculpture, architect,
painter
– Statue of David the boy
• 1st free standing nude male sculpture since ancient
times
• Leonardo da Vinci-Painter, sculpture,
inventor, scientist
– Best known for painting the Mona Lisa and The
Last Supper
• Raphael-Painted the School of Athens
– Showed classical influence on the Renaissance
The School of Athens Raphael 1511
Madonna of the
Goldfinch
Raphael
1506
Madonna and Child with
St. Anne
Leonardo da Vinci
1513
Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci
1505
The Last Supper
Leonardo da Vinci
1498
La Pieta
Michelangelo
1500
David
Michelangelo
1504
Did you know that David was supposed
to be placed on the top of a church in
Florence?
It was commissioned by the de Medici
family who were so impressed that they
decided to leave it in the piazza in front
of the church so that the public could see
it up close.
Renaissance Writers Change Literature
• Vernacular-Writing in
ones native language
(instead of Latin)
• Niccolo Machiavelli– Wrote The Prince (1513)
• Explains how a ruler can
gain and keep power
through misleading and
deceive his opponents
Bell Work
Friday 12/12
Look in your book beginning on page 480
to find the answers
• 1. What is the difference between the Greek
and English meaning of utopia?
• 2. Who was William Shakespeare and what are
some of his most famous works?
• 3. Why was Johann Gutenberg’s printing press
such an important invention?
Section 2-The Northern Renaissance
Important Stuff from Section 2
• Utopia- An ideal place
• Johann GutenbergGerman craftsman that
developed a new
printing press
– Printed a full copy of
the Bible
– Allowed for books to
produced cheaply
Important Stuff from Section 2
• William ShakespeareMost famous writer of
the Elizabethan Age
– Born 1564 in England
– Emphasized the humanity
through drama and tragedy
• Shakespeare’s wrote
Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello,
Romeo and Juliet, King
Lear, A Midsummer Night’s
Dream
Important Stuff from Section 2
• Changes in Art– Based on classical Greek
and Roman styles
– Realistic style of art
– Both secular and religious
works were created
– Writers used vernacular
languages
– Praised individual
achievements
Important Stuff from Section 2
• Changes in Society– Information became inexpensive
and available to the public
– Cheap books = increased literacy
– Clarified laws = more people
understanding their rights
– Christian humanists changed
views on how life should be lived
– People began to question political
and religious practices
Bell Work
Monday 12/15
Look in your book beginning on page 488
to find the answers
• 1. What political, economic, and social factors
helped bring about the Reformation?
• 2. Where did the term Protestantism originate?
• 3. What impact did Henry VIII’s actions have
on England in the late 1500’s?
Bell Work
Monday 12/15
Please have a half sheet of
loose-leaf paper out and title it
“SSR Inquiry Questions
Monday 12/15”
SSR Inquiry Questions
Monday 12/15
Please answer the following questions on a halfsheet of loose leaf paper
• 1.) Can you explain in your own words why Pope
Francis feels there needs to be changes in the
Catholic Church and what are some areas that
need change?
• 2.) What two questions would you ask the Pope if
you had the chance?
• 3.) As someone who is not Catholic is there
anything about his ideas that you find appealing?
Section 3-Luther Leads the
Reformation
Causes of the Reformation (pg. 488)
Causes of the Reformation
Social
Political
Economic
Religious
•The Renaissance
values of
humanism and
secularism led
people to question
the Church
•Powerful monarchs
challenged the
Church as the
supreme power in
Europe
•European princes
and kings were
jealous of the
Church’s wealth
•Church leaders
were becoming
worldly and
corrupt
•The printing press
helped spread
ideas that went
against the Church
•Many leaders
viewed the pope as
a foreign ruler and
challenged his
authority
•Merchants and
others resented
having to pay the
Church taxes
•Many people
found Church
practices like the
sale of indulgences
unacceptable
Luther Challenges the Church
• Martin Luther-Monk and teacher
from Germany
• The 95 Theses-95 statements attacking
the “pardon-merchants”
– 1517-Luther took a public stand against
Johann Tetzel’s sale of indulgences
– Indulgence-Selling releases from the
punishment of their sins
– Reformation-Religious reform and the
formation of churches that did not
follow the popes lead
Luther Challenges the Church
• Luther’s Teaching– Salvation through faith alone
• Catholics believed faith and works = salvation
– Church teaching should be based on the Bible
alone
• Pope and church traditions = false authority
– All people with faith are equal
• People could interpret the Bible for themselves
The Response to Luther
• 1520-Pope Leo X threatened to
excommunicate Luther
– He later did
• 1521-Emperor Charles V issued
the Edict of Worms
– No one could offer Luther food or
shelter
– Prince Frederick housed Luther
during this time he translated the
New Testament into German
The Response to Luther
• Protestant-Christian
who belonged to nonCatholic churches
• Peace of AugsburgCompromise in which
rulers would decide the
religion on his state
– Protestant or Catholic
England Becomes Protestant
• Annul-Ending a
marriage if
proof is shown it
was never legal
(not a divorce)
England Becomes Protestant
• Henry VIII-King of England
– Had one daughter (Mary) with wife Catherine and
wanted a son
– Asked the pope for an annulment so he could
marry a younger wife
– Act of Supremacy- Citizens had to take an oath
recognizing Henry as the head of England’s
Church and his divorce as legal
England Becomes Protestant
• Elizabeth I-Wanted to restore Protestantism
and with the help of Parliament set up the
Church of England (Anglican Church)
– Named the only legal church in England
• Church of England- Designed to keep
Protestants and Catholics happy
– Priests could marry and give sermons in English
– Kept rich robes and some Catholic traditions
Bell Work
Tuesday 12/16
Look in your book beginning on page 495
to find the answers
• 1. Who did Calvin feel were the “elect” and
what role did they play in society?
• 2.What role did noblewomen play in the
Reformation?
• 3. What were the goals of the Jesuits?
Section 4-The Reform Continues
Calvin Continues the Reformation
• John Calvin- Published
Institutes of the Christian
Religion (1536)
– Expressed ideas about God,
salvation, and human nature
• Summary of Protestant theology
and religious beliefs
• Calvinism-Religion based on
John Calvin’s teachings
Calvin Continues the Reformation
• Predestination-God
has known since the
beginning of time who
he wants to save
– These people were
called the “elect”
• TheocracyGovernment controlled
by religious leaders
Other Protestant Reformers
• Anabaptists- “Meaning
baptize again”
– Protestant group who
believe people should
only be baptized as adults
– Believed church and state
should be separate and
they should not fight wars
Catholic Reformation
• Catholic Reformation-A
process of renewing the
Catholic Church from within
• Jesuits-Society of Jesus
– 3 Focuses• Founded schools in Europe
• Convert non-Christians to
Catholicism
• Stop the spread of
Protestantism
Catholic Reformation
• Pope Paul III takes four steps
to reform the Catholic
Church
– Investigated the selling of
indulgences
– Approved the Jesuit order
– Used inquisitions to seek out
heretics (non-believers)
– Called for church leaders to
meet at the Council of Trent
Catholic Reformation
• Council of Trent-Meeting where
Catholic cardinals and bishops agreed on
several doctrines
– Only the churches interpretation of the
Bible is correct
• Anyone who tries to interoperate it is a heretic
– Salvation is achieved by good works and
faith
– Christian life should be guided by church
traditions and the bible
– Indulgences are valid expressions of faith
Bell Work
Wednesday 12/17
Look in your notes for sections 1-3 to find the
answers
• 1. Who were the Medici family? How did they
become so wealthy? (Section 1)
• 2. What were some of the important changes in
society during the Renaissance? (Section 2)
• 3. What were some of the main teachings of
Martin Luther? (Section 3)