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SOURCE LOG
Noelle Pagsanjan
“Self-defensive subjectivity: The diagnosis of social pathology” by Chad Kautzer
(2005)
Author Credential: International specialist of normative and political perspective
Source bias: Sage Journal is a non-profit site that is a collection of more than
1000 titles, focusing on Humanities, Social Sciences, Sciences, Technology, and
Medicine. There is no real sign of bias, being a multitude of scholarly journals.
■ Self defense is a form of subjectivity to possessive individualism
■ There is an increasing “intensity of identification and the historical understanding of the
[articular constitutional right”
■ Acts of self-defense in private spaces and on private property have certain protections and
immunities
■ Lawfully exercise self-defense with firearms
This source allows me to argue that self-defense is lawful, but has limitation. Under outstanding
circumstances, self-defense can proceed legal barriers.
“Self-Defense Training as Clinical Intervention for Survivors of Trauma” by
Gianine D. Resenblum
Author’s credentials: over 20 years as a licensed and practicing psychologist
Source bias: Sage Journal is a non-profit site that is a collection of more than
1000 titles, focusing on Humanities, Social Sciences, Sciences, Technology, and
Medicine. There is no real sign of bias, being a multitude of scholarly journals.
■ Self-defense training is an empowering method for women who face post-traumatic stress
disorder due to a violent attacker
■ “the perception of physical or psychological threat initiates brain activity to stimulate
defensive reactions to bring the organism to safety via fight, flight, or freeze response”
This source allows me to argue that self-defense is not always helpful during the first encounter, but can be
clinically aiding after a traumatic experience.
Self-Defense
Encyclopedia Britannica is an ongoing series of encyclopedias that uses a worldwide contributor system,
including professors from various universities and other governmental official, such as former President Bill
Clinton.
This source is given an A, as it is entirely objective, solely portraying information pertaining to the subject. In the
article read, it began with a definition: “Self-defense, in criminal law, justification for inflicting serious harm on
another person on the ground that the harm was inflicted as a means of protecting oneself.” It then moves to
the points of which self-defense are justified. It relays information pertaining to both sides, saying that one
should retaliate only when necessary and the other party is still able to defend. The source does not play into
any emotion or logic to argue a topic, merely just stating fact.
The source gets an F, in the idea that it does not provide any evidence, just legal justification.
It uses logical appeal, being that it gives information. The article does not choose sides, just gives information.
The source gives a basic idea of self-defense, and a starting of when it is justified.
Can murder truly be justified in terms of it occurring during an act of self-defense?
When Battered Women Use Violence
Igenta Connect is the website where the article was found. It is a collective forum for researchers,
publishers, and librarians to contribute findings.
Daniel G. Saunders, the author, is a multiple degree professor at the University of Michigan in the
School of Social Work. He is credible due to his multiple focused studies on traumatic effects of
victimization, and the response of professionals and the public to dating and domestic violence.
I give the article a C when it comes to bias, because the article touches mainly on the disregard of
women’s perspectives in abusive relationships. The article mainly explains that women’s reasoning for
retaliation when abused is not justified, and really touches on the appeal of women. It explains that
when women choose to fight back, it is explained as “mutual abuse” or “man beating.”
The article can be graded as a B. The B is given because there were tests and results given within the
article that supports the claims. The tables show percentages of women who use violence and what for.
The author does touch on pathos and the inequality of women within male dominant situations.
Kidnapping and Abduction, Minimizing
the Threat and Lessons in Survival
CRCnetBASE is a credible engine, known as a platform for award-winning ebooks and
authoritative research. The author Brian John Heard worked on the Met Police’s specialist
kidnap unit, the only one in the United Kingdom. This allow him to gain special intel on certain
cases of kidnapping and the processes of which to regain custody of children in the situation.
The article is graded as an A. The A would be because the article is just a step by step of
defense. It walks through what the aggressor may do when retaliation occurs and how to
defend against them. The author does not comment personal belief, but rather inputs
observation from prior experiences
The article gets a B, because it does not input quotations or statistical evidence but does
include input from the authors experiences in the force.
From the excerpt, there are no conclusions drawn, but again there is evidence that selfdefense can be justifiable.
“Human Rights and Personal Self-Defense in International Law” by Jan Arno
Hessbruegge (2017)
Author Credential: Research Fellow at the University of Institute of European
Studies, Professor in the Department of International Law and Human Rights at
the U.N.- mandated University for Peace in Costa Rica
Source bias: University Press Scholarship is accumulation of scholarly articles
and books, meant to make the process of research easier. It presented no
actual bias
■ Self defense is articulates as an individual right
■ There is a spectrum of which self-defense is asserted as an independent human right, being
a fundamental human right under international law
■
Self-defense is not deemed as a rule of customary international law.
■
International law accepts self-defense as a ground for excluding criminal responsibility
This source allows me to argue that self-defense is not customary in most states, and is only an actual law
in few. It does not bind one to a criminal title.
“The Ethics of Self-Defense” by Christian Coons (2016)
Author Credential: Professor of Philosophy, Bowling Green State University
Researches on the theory selection of normative ethics, moral epistemology,
and the nature if value; major publishes
Source bias: University Press Scholarship is accumulation of scholarly articles
and books, meant to make the process of research easier. It presented no
actual bias
■ Self-defense is action taken to prevent or reduce harm to oneself
■ “puzzling-when one uses force, when one uses force, when one’s defensive action is likely to
injure or even kill, because doing so in nondefensive contexts would violate the aggressor’s
rights.”
■ There are many contributions to dictate whether self-defense is justified that many may be
absent to see.
■ The case-by-case basis allows for malleability of the definition of self-defense; the texts gives
the contrasting scenarios of theft and vehicular homicide
This source allows me to argue that self-defense is defined by the understanding of the
circumstances.