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Chapter 14 Gene Expression
1. Gene expression
2. Describe Beadle and Tatum’s experiment with Neurospora.
3. One gene one enzyme hypothesis
4. What is our current definition of a gene?
5. What does a gene (DNA) do?
6. What formed first DNA or RNA? List two supporting facts.
7. What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
8. How many of these monomers are in a gene?
9. Compare DNA and RNA.
10. List the functions of each type of RNA.
11. Transcription
12. Translation
13. Codons
14. Who identified the first codon?
15. Why do all polypeptides start with methionine? Explain
16. Do all proteins start with methionine?
17. Describe the difference. Figure 14-4
18. Replicate – TACGGAGTAACT
19. Transcribe – TACGGAGTAACT
20. Translate – TACGGAGTAACT
21. Figure 14-6 will be on the test.
22. RNA polymerase
23. Promoter – transcription start point 24. Terminator
25. Transcription unit
26. Transcription factors
27. What is the TATA box? What do we mean when we say that it is conserved?
28. How does RNA polymerase add nucleotides?
29. 5’ cap
30. Poly-A tail
31. RNA splicing
32. Introns
33. Exons
34. Figure 14.12
35. Spliceosome
36. Ribozymes
37. Figure 14.13
38. What is cDNA? How is it made?
39. What is genomic DNA?
40. Translation requires ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA and GTP
41. Describe the structure of tRNA.
42. Why do 61 of the 64 codons code for amino acids but there are only 45 tRNAs?
43. Anticodon
44. Genetic code = _________, codons = __________, Anticodons = ___________
45. Ribosome A site, P site, E site.
46. Hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate provides energy for __________.
47. What is the first step in translation?
48. Point mutations
49. Nucleotide – pair substitution
50. Insertion
51. Deletion
52. Frameshift
53. Mutagens
Chapter 15 Differential gene expression
1. Operon
2. Operator
3. Repressor
4. Regulator gene
5. Corepressor
6. Inducer
7. Differential gene expression
8. Describe two epigenetic phenomena that eukaryotic cells use regulate
transcription.
9. Enhancers
10. Pages 300-301
11. How are steroids and estrogens involved in transcription factors? Page 303
12. How are nonsteroid hormones and growth factors different?
13. miRNA
14. siRNA
15. piRNA
16. DNA microarray
Chapter 16 Orchestrating Life Processes
1. Differentiation
2. Morphogenesis
3. Apoptosis
4. Homeotic genes
5. PAX-6 gene
6. What does the cloning of whole plants from a single differentiated cell
demonstrate?
7. Totipotent
8. Dolly – Nuclear transplantation
9. Reproductive cloning
10. Why was Carbon Copy not a carbon copy?
11. Embryonic stem cells
12. Adult stem cells
13. Pluripotent
14. Umbilical stem cells
15. Therapeutic stem cells
16. Oncogenes
17. Proto-oncogenes
18. Tumor-suppressor genes
19. Why is there a greater risk of cancer as we get older?
20. Multistep model of cancer – buildup of mutations in the genes that control the cell
cycle.
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