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CCF Measures of Conservation Success
Conservation Activity Conceptual Models
These models are flowchart-style representations of the generic processes by which
different types of conservation activity can lead to conservation impact. While engagement
with stakeholders is principally depicted at the early stages of each process, it should be
understood to be fundamental throughout, as are the iterative feedback loops characteristic
of adaptive management. Key points of inputs from other types of conservation activity are
shown by hexagons and grey arrows, but these are indicative rather than exhaustive.
Model on Species Management
This model shows the basic relationship between implementing species management actions, such as
clutch management, captive breeding, re-introduction or translocation, and reducing threat or
improving the responses of the conservation target that enable them to resist the negative influences
of threats. These outcomes lead to an overall improvement in conservation status.
Problem identification
Engagement with managers and
other stakeholders
Design of management
programme
Implementation of management actions
(protection, threat reduction, captive
breeding/release, etc)
Improved
Understanding
Reduced pressures on
conservation target(s)
Improved compensatory
responses of
conservation target
Conservation Impact =
improved status of spp
(ecosystem, landscape)
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Conservation Activity Conceptual Model
Site management
This model shows the basic relationship between implementing site management actions, including
protected area management, maintenance and restoration activities, and reducing threat or improving
the responses of the conservation target that enable them to resist the negative influences of threats.
These outcomes lead to an overall improvement in conservation status.
Problem identification/
analysis
Engagement with stakeholders
Design of management
interventions
Implementation of management
interventions
Improved
Understanding
Reduced pressures on
conservation target(s)
Improved compensatory
responses of
conservation target
Conservation Impact =
improved status of spp
(ecosystem, landscape)
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Conservation Activity Conceptual Model
Model on Policy & Legislation
The basis for devoting effort to changing or enacting policy or legislation is that the existing
frameworks do not adequately support conservation aims or, indeed, that they positively promote
activities that endanger or damage biodiversity. If changes to such instruments and frameworks are
appropriately designed and drafted and adequate support is built, they may be adopted. If the
necessary conditions are in place, implementation of the new instruments or elements may lead to
reduced threat and/or improved responses and thence to conservation impact
Problem identification
Research
Engagement/consultation with decisionmakers and other stakeholders
Design and drafting of
improved instruments or
elements
Building support
Adoption of new instruments
or elements
Education &
awarenessraising
Capacity
Building
Conditions and resources for implementation
Resources
Capacity
Alliances
Awareness
Implementation of new instruments or
elements
Improved responses of
conservation target(s)
Improved
Understanding
Reduced pressures on
conservation target(s)
Conservation
Impact
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Conservation Activity Conceptual Model
Livelihood enhancement and alternatives
Many conservation efforts address the livelihoods of local people, either by helping to develop
sustainable management and use regimes for important natural resources, by encouraging the
development of alternative sources of income and improved livelihoods, or by direct incentives. If
support is built and the necessary conditions are in place they can bring about a change in practice
that leads to reduced pressure or improved responses of the focal ecosystems, habitats, species
and/or populations. This may or may not be accompanied by real improvements in livelihoods
and/or attitudes.
Problem identification
Policy
Engagement with
target group
Design new practices
Resource Alternatives
Mgmt
Incentives
Promote & build support for
new practices
Capacity
Building
Education &
awarenessraising
Conditions and resources for adoption
Resources
Capacity
Alliances
Uptake of new practices
= behaviour change
Constant or
improved
livelihoods
Favourable
attitudes to
conservation
Improved responses
of conservation
target
Reduced threat
Improved
Understanding
Conservation
Impact
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Conservation Activity Conceptual Model
Training and Capacity Building
Capacity building efforts aim either to improve individuals’ skills or aspects of organisational
capacity, or both. If those improvements are in fact applied in conservation, they should lead to
more and/or better conservation action to address the problems of interest, leading through reduced
threat and/or improved responses to improved status.
Identify/ define need
Engage w/ stakeholders
Design capacity building
Implement capacity building
Enhanced Capacity
Individuals’ Conservation Skills
Organisational capacity
e.g. in research, site mgmt, species mgmt, policy work, livelihoods
work, capacity building & education
e.g. leadership, financial management, physical & technical
resources, human resources & management, project management,
monitoring, networks & partnerships, communications, fundraising
Improved skills being
applied to conservation
problem
Improved enabling
environment applied to
conservation need.
Improved quantity and/or quality of conservation action
Improved responses of
conservation target(s)
Improved
Understanding
Reduced threats to
conservation target(s)
Conservation
Impact
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Conservation Activity Conceptual Model
Education and awareness raising
Actions directed at improving understanding and influencing behaviour among people not necessarily directly
involved in conservation action. These actions aim ultimately to change behaviours and thus reduce threat and/or
improve responses, thereby improving conservation status. They do so either by addressing a target audience
directly or by using a ‘proximate’ audience to influence the ‘ultimate’ audience. In either case the audience
advances through increased awareness of an issue and improved access to information about it to understanding,
concern, knowledge, and ultimately willingness to act. If the correct conditions and resources are in place, this
leads to behaviour change, which may reduce threats to, or in a few cases increase the robustness of, the
conservation target
Identify/ define need
Engage w/ stakeholders
Design education
programme
Implement education
programme
Proximate audience
Ultimate audience
Cognitive change
Awarenes
s
Understanding
Cognitive change
Concern
Readiness to change
Willingness-to-act
Knowledge
Awareness
Proximate
Influences
ultimate
audience
Understanding
Concern
Readiness to change
Knowledge
Willingness-to-act
Conditions & Resources for
changing behaviour
Conditions & Resources for
changing behaviour
Changed Behaviour
Changed Behaviour
Improved
Understanding
Improved responses of
conservation target(s)
Reduced threats to
conservation target(s)
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Livelihoods
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Policy
Capacity
Bldg
Livelihoods
Policy
Capacity
Bldg
Conservation
Impact
Conservation Activity Conceptual Model
Research and Conservation Planning
Research aims to improve the information base on which conservation action is taken. If the research question is
properly identified and the research is well-designed and implemented, then it is likely to produce good results.
However, these results will only affect conservation if they are appropriately communicated and promoted to the
right audiences, if those audiences understand them and if they apply them in conservation practice. If these
things happen then research may play a role in reducing threat, improving responses and thus in improving
conservation status.
Question identification
Engagement/consultation with decisionmakers and other stakeholders
Design of research
Implementation of research
Policy &
legislation
Results
Communication and
promotion of results
Education &
Awareness-raising
Capacity Building
Uptake
Application in Conservation
Practice
Improved responses
of conservation
target
Reduced threats to
conservation
target
Improved
Understanding
Conservation
Impact
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