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Psychological Disorders
I.
What is abnormality?
II. Biological Vs. Psychological Approaches
III. Major Psychological Disorders
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
I.
What is Abnormal?
Psychopathology: abnormality or disorder in patterns of
thought, emotion or behavior.
Psychological diagnosis: label that identifies and explains
mental disorders according to clinical interview and
observation, testing and analysis of mental and
behavioral development.
DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (4th Edition)
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
Q: How do psychologists determine
what behaviors are abnormal?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Abnormality usually based on 6 indicators: (usually
must show two or more-Rosenhan & Seligman,
1989)
Distress or intense anxiety
Maladaptiveness
Irrationality
Unpredictability
Unconventionality and statistical rarity
6. Observer Discomfort
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
II.
Biological Vs Psychological
(bio-psycho-social) Models
Q: How have people historically approached
abnormality?
A.
Medical Model:
• Phillipe Pinel (1745-1826)
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
Psychological Model
B.
Psychological Model:
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•
•
•
Anton Mesmer (1734-1815)
Charcot: (1825-1893)
DSM-IV (1994)
bio-psycho-social: all behavior
arises from an interaction of nature and
nurture.
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
III. Major Psychological
Disorders
A.
Anxiety Disorders
– Ex: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
– Ex:
Panic Disorders» Agoraphobia
– Ex:
– Ex:
Phobic disordersObsessive-compulsive disorders-
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
B. Dissociative Disorders
• Ex: Dissociative/Psychogenic Amnesia
• Dissociative Fugue State
• Ex: Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
once known as Multiple Personality
Disorder: (MPD)
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
C. Affective/Mood Disorders
• Ex: Major Depressive Disorder or Unipolar
depression: (20%, women, 10% men)
• Ex: Bipolar disorder- (About 1% of all adults)
– Mania and depression
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
D.
Schizophrenic Disorders
• 2-3 million Americans living, 1/100
• Can experience hallucinations and delusions
– Disorganized/illogical thinking
– Disturbed perceptions
– positive symptoms-things that exist-appearance
of abnormality (hallucinations,delusions,
disorganized bhr)
– negative symptoms-social withdrawal, flat
affect
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
Schizophrenia
Different Types:
–
–
–
–
Catatonic
Paranoid
Disorganized
Undifferentiated
• residual: free from major symptoms but evidence
from minor symptoms of continuation of disorder
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
E. Personality Disorders
Usually appear at adolescence. (12 types
described by the DSM) –most
controversial diagnosis.
• Ex: Antisocial personality disorder
• Ex: narcissistic
• Ex: histrionic
• Ex: borderline
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12
F. Eating Disorders
• Ex: Anorexia Nervosa
– approx 1% of all adolescents
• Ex: Bulimia
Myers Exp. Psychology
Chapter 12