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EQ: What influence does human
activity have on Biodiversity?
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Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
Biodiversity- the variety of life in an area; the number
of different species in an area
Biodiversity increases the stability of an ecosystem
and contributes to the health of the biosphere.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
 species diversity.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Why is Biodiversity important?
Humans depend on plants and animals to provide
food,
clothing, energy,
medicine, and shelter .
The species that we depend on depend on other species,
and those species depend on other species…..
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Biodiversity is important because….
Scientists continue to find new plants and other
organisms that help in the treatment of human
diseases.
Madagascar periwinkle-being used to
treat childhood forms of leukemia
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
A healthy biosphere provides many resources to
humans and other organisms that live on Earth.
Green plants add oxygen to the atmosphere and
remove carbon dioxide.
Many bacteria and fungi add nutrients back to the
environment by decomposing dead organisms.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Loss of biodiversity = loss of some species
Loss of a species = Extinction
 Background extinction- gradual process of
species becoming extinct.
 Mass extinction- event in which a large % of
all living species become extinct in a
relatively short period of time.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Factors that Threaten Biodiversity
are caused by one species….
Homo sapiens
Humans are changing the conditions on Earth.
 Overexploitation
 Habitat Loss/Habitat Destruction
 Pollution
Acid Precipitation
Eutrophication
 Introduced species/Alien species
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Overexploitation - excessive use of species that
have economic value
 Bison
 Passenger pigeons
 Rhinoceros
 Ocelot
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Habitat Loss/Habitat Destruction
 If a habitat is destroyed or disrupted, the native
species might have to relocate or they will die.
 The destruction of habitat, such as the clearing of
tropical rain forests, has a direct impact on global
biodiversity.
 The declining
population of one
species can affect an
entire ecosystem.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Pollution-harmful substances released into the
environment; threaten biodiversity and global stability
 Biological magnificationincreasing concentration of
toxic substances in organisms
as trophic levels increase in a
food chain or food web.
Ex: DDT levels in the American
Bald Eagle – made eggshells
fragile, broke before eggs
could hatch.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Acid Precipitation - sulfuric acid and nitric acid
mix with water in the atmosphere. This
depletes the calcium, potassium, etc. from the
soil, depriving plants of nutrients.
Assessing
Water Quality
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
 Eutrophication – a type of water pollution that
occurs when substances rich in nitrogen and
phosphorus (ex: fertilizer) flow into waterways,
causing extensive algae growth.
 The rapidly growing algae use up the oxygen
and other organisms suffocate.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Introduced Species/Alien Species
Nonnative (non-indigenous) species intentionally or
unintentionally transported to a new habitat.
This species has no predators
in the habitat, so it thrives.
Ex.
fire ant; kudzu
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Natural Resources
 The consumption
rate of natural
resources is not
evenly distributed.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
 Renewable resources- Resources that are
replaced by natural processes faster than
they are consumed. Ex. Pine trees
 Nonrenewable resources-Resources on Earth
in limited amounts or replaced by natural
processes over extremely long periods of time
Ex: Fossil fuels, radioactive uranium
 Sustainable use - using resources at a rate in
which they can be replaced or recycled Ex:
Preservation & Conserving.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
Which factor is most responsible for the
lack of plants in polar regions?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
0%
A
A. heavy grazing by
herbivores
B. little precipitation
C. no soil for plants to
take root
D. not enough sunlight
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
What form of pollution is caused by
extensive algae growth in waterways?
A. acid precipitation
B. eutrophication
C. biological
magnification
D. edge effects
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
Which is not a renewable resource?
A. solar energy
B. fossil fuels
C. agricultural plants
D. clean water
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Formative
Questions
It is likely that some of
the world’s unidentified
species will have
economic value.
A. true
B. false
1.
2.
0%
A
0%
B
A
B
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Formative
Questions
When does the aesthetic value of an ecosystem
become most apparent?
A. when scientists begin to
study the ecosystem
B. when the ecosystem
has been destroyed
C. when the ecosystem is
given economic value
0%
A
0%
B
1.
2.
3.
0%
C
A
B
C
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
Which describes the current rate of species
disappearance?
A. background extinction
B. mass extinction
C. natural extinction
D. progressive extinction
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
0%
B
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
Where are most extinctions likely to occur
in the near future?
A. deserts
B. grasslands
C. tropical forests
D. temperate forests
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
0%
B
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
What is the primary factor that has endangered
the North American bison and the white
rhinoceros?
A. habitat loss
B. eutrophication
C. overexploitation
D. nonnative predators
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
0%
B
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
What is the number one cause of species
extinction today?
A. habitat loss
B. human predators
C. transported diseases
D. background extermination
0%
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
0%
B
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Formative
Questions
Which resource is nonrenewable?
A. agricultural plants
B. clean water
C. forest timber
D. mineral deposits
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
0%
B
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Formative
Questions
For which human activity is sustainable
use not possible?
A. farming
B. logging
C. oil drilling
D. commercial fishing
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
0%
B
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Formative
Questions
Which is an example of bioremediation?
A. replanting trees in an
area affected by acid rain
B. using microorganisms
to detoxify an oil spill
C. enacting a law that
protects endangered
amphibians
D. introducing natural
0%
0%
predators to control a
A
B
crop pest
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Assessment
Questions
Look at the figure. Name the
process that is occurring with the
increasing concentration of DDT.
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
0%
A
A. pollution
B. extinction
C. biological
magnification
D. habitat
fragmentation
A
B
C
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Assessment
Questions
Use the graph to determine
the approximate recovery
time for a volcanic eruption.
A. 1–10 years
B. 10–100 years
C. 100–1000 years
D. 1000 years or
more
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Assessment
Questions
Explain how killer whales adapted to their
environment when their primary food source
began to disappear.
Answer: Killer whales started to prey on
sea otters instead of sea lions
and harbor seals.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
Which type of biodiversity increases as you
move geographically from the polar regions
to the equator?
A. ecosystem diversity
B. genetic diversity
C. social diversity
D. species diversity
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
0%
B
C
A
B
C
D
0%
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
How does genetic diversity increase a species’
chance of survival?
A. It increases the number of
organisms that have useful genes.
B. It increases the ability of
a species to adapt to
environmental changes.
C. It produces a variety of species
within a biological community.
D. It randomly distributes
members of a species
throughout an ecosystem.
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
If a toxic substance enters
this food web, which animals
will have the highest
concentration of the toxic
substance in their tissues?
A. fishes
B. killer whales
C. sea otters
D. sea urchins
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
What type of substances causes
eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems?
A. acid rain
B. fertilizers
C. PCBs
D. pesticides
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
Which factor has the
greatest impact on a
country’s rate of natural
resource consumption?
A. land area
B. population
C. industrialization
D. availability of
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
0%
D
0%
C
A
0%
B
resources
A
B
C
D
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
Which event has the greatest
potential to cause irreversible
damage to biodiversity?
A. oil spill
B. urbanization
C. industrial pollution
D. modern agriculture
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D