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Regulation of Akt/GSK-3 signaling by psychoactive drugs and related network of gene products associated with mental disorders. Proteins labeled in
orange are the product of genes associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorders. Blue arrows indicate activation,
and the red T-arrows indicate inhibition. Black arrows indicate actions that can either activate or inhibit the function of specific substrates. Behavioral
changes in dopaminergic responses have been reported in Akt1 and β-arrestin 2 knock out mice and in GSK-3β-HET mice. Akt = GSK-3β modifying
enzyme; COMT = catechol-O-methyltransferase; D2R = D2 dopamine receptor; Disc1 = Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1; GSK-3 = glycogen synthase kinase
3; NRG1 = neuregulin 1; PDK1 = phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase 1; Pi3K = phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (Adapted with permission from Beaulieu
Source: Lithium, Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 10e
JM, Gainetdinov RR: The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2011;63:182–217.)
Citation: Hoffman RS, Howland M, Lewin NA, Nelson LS, Goldfrank LR. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 10e; 2015 Available at:
http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: August 03, 2017
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved
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