Download LIGNUM: Towards Forest Scientist`s Workbench

Modeling the effects of metabolism and 3D crown
structure on tree growth
Risto Sievänen1
Eero Nikinmaa2
Christian Messier3
Jari Perttunen1
1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute
2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki
3. GREF, Université du Québec à Montréal
CONTENTS
Functional-structural tree models
The Model LIGNUM
Some Applications
Conclusions
Process-based models
•
Vegetative and reproductive growth
•
Photosynthesis, respiration and carbon
allocation
•
Mineral metabolism, especially nitrogen
metabolism
•
Growth regulations
•
Intra-tree transfer of metabolites
Morphological models
•
•
L-systems
Other mathematical presentations of
branching systems
Here comes a pictrue from Algorithmic
beauty of plants
Process-based model

Morphological model
=
Functional-structural model (FSM)
Features of a FSM
•
A basic unit is used for presentation of both
architecture and functioning (metabolism)
•
These units are combined to form different
organisational levels
•
Local control
LIGNUM: General features
Simple structural units account for both structure
and functioning of trees.
Annual net production is used to new growth.
Pipe model and functional balance for partitioning
of growth.
Time step one growth period (one year).
LIGNUM: The structure
LIGNUM: Tree Segment for deciduous
trees
LIGNUM: Releasing suppressed buds
LIGNUM: Carbon balance
LIGNUM: Length of new segments
LIGNUM: New buds
LIGNUM: The Radiation Submodel (self
shading)
Shading
Shaded
Scots pine
•
Scots pine and Jack pine
the first two tree species
implemented.
•
Proved the modeling
approach feasible.
•
Modeled (published) trees
10 years old.
Sugar maple
"
"
Study the survival and
growth of sugar maple
saplings in forest gaps.
Cutting guidelines for
natural regeneration of
sugar maple:
•
Size of the canopy
openings
•
Frequency of cuttings
Three 5 year old saplings in
St-Hilaire
L = 2.43m
L = 2.84m
L = 1.37m
Closed Gap
Released Zenith
Open Gap
Gliricidia sepium
"
"
Nitrogen fixing tropical
tree species used in
agroforestry.
Study the optimal
management (frequency of
cuttings).
Mountain birch
•
Structural analysis of
mountain birch
•
Based on detailed
measurements done in
Finnish Lapland
Analysis of Sapflow
Concluding Remarks
To be added
www.metla.fi/projects/lignum