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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. Indirect muscle attachment: epimysium, perimysium, endomysium role. Function of muscle tissue ANS and SNS related to CNS Location of nicotinic receptors Adrenergic versus cholinergic neurons, what neurotransmitters do they use? Dorsal versus ventral spinal chord, which is sensory which is motor Action potential at synaptic cleft is indirectly or directly responsible for neurotransmitter exocytosis? Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium what is where? Function of muscle versus nervous tissue, differences What is the CNS/PNS composed of/what structures (brain etc.)? Direction of Afferent versus Efferent neuronal signaling Striations exist in some muscles not in others, some muscles are voluntary others involuntary Location of smooth muscle in the body Dendrites contain recptors Muscle is surrounded by arteries, veins and nerves? Role of tropomyosin/troponin Role of ATP hydrolysis in myosin-actin cross bridge formation Myelination of nerve fibers is done by what type of glial cell (CNS versus PNS)? Bacterial invasion of CNS….what glial cells are responsible in handling this problem? Role of ependymal cells Structural hierarcy of muscle Role of tropomyosin-troponin Incomplete versus complete tetanus Myelinating glial cells….in PNS versus CNS what are they called? Role of Acetylcholinesterase What happens during repolarization of skeletal muscle How is Acetylcholine concentration in the neuromuscular junctional synapse regulated? Function of muscles What chemicals are critical for muscle contraction Neuromuscular junction motor end plate receptors/channels that induce a threshold potential versus an action potential, what are they? Eccentric versus concentric contraction Sliding filament theory (have this memorized so you know the stages…cold) How are neuronal impulses communicated cell to cell Interneurons, versus glial cel versus efferent neuron versus afferent neuron Functions of the ANS What does the term CNS refer to Voltage gated channels during action potential…what happens when? Ependymal cells function versus astrocytes, microglia When can a second nerve impulse be generated Nerve cell bodies massed together in PNS versus CNS have different names 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. What neuroglia do what Isometric , versus a specific isotonic contraction (eccentric versus concentric) Role of na/k atpase versus voltage gated Na channels Define myasthenia gravis Where is an action potential initiated ANS parasympathetic versus sympathetic What happens if ATP is not present within a muscle fiber? Sarcolemma interacts with motor neurons at the muscular junction and is termed the motor end plate Role of acetylcholinesterase Role of T-tubule and calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium what surrounds what? Myofilaments are composed of what protein. Thin filament is F-actin which is a polymer of Gactin Dendritic spines receitve neurotransmitter receptrors What regulates the amount of intracellular calcium in skeletal muscle? Sarcoplasm reticulum Voltage gate Calcium channels Impulses from neurons are communicated cell to cell via an action potential What cells myelinate PNS neurons What is a the cytoplasm of a neuron called? Dense areas or RER and ribosomes within the cell body of a neuron are called what? The cytoplasm within the axon of a neuron is called the what? ANS parasympathetic versus the sympathetic system Describe in detail the steps involved in excitation-contraction coupling.( 10pts). 62. Describe in detail (including what happens to ATP/what it causes) the steps involved in the sliding filament theory (5 pts). 63. Draw an action potential graph for Skeletal muscle. Describe resting membrane potential and how it is maintained, describe how an action potential occurs, describe how repolarization occurs. (5pts)