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• penicillin
• cephalexin
• vancomycin
Mechanisms of action of antibiotics on the bacteria cell:
• Agents affecting cell wall:
- Vancomycin
- Penicillins
Cycloserine
- Cephalosporins
Aztreonam
- Bacitracin
- Imipenem
• Agents interfering with protein synthesis:
- Erythromycin - Azithromycin
- Tetracycline
- Clarithromycin
- Aminoglycosides - Lincomycin
- Chloramphenicol - Clindamycin
• Agents interfering with normal biosynthetic pathways:
- Sulfonamides
- Trimethoprim
- Fluoroquinolones (i.e., ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and
gemifloxacin)
Note: The most common clinical cause of bacterial resistance is the use of antibiotics
when they are not indicated.
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