Download The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System
What is the purpose of the
circulatory system?
What is the purpose of the
circulatory system?
• To move materials through out the body:
– Oxygen
– Carbon dioxide & other wastes
– Nutrients
– Hormones
– Antibodies
Circulation
Your body
resembles a large
roadmap, There
are routes or
“arteries” that take
you downtown to
the “heart” of the
city.
3 Major Parts of the Circulatory
system
• Blood Vessels - routes blood travels
• Heart – pumps or pushes blood through body
• Blood – carries important “ *stuff ” through
body
* Stuff – includes oxygen, food, & waste
# 1 Blood Vessels : One Way
Streets
• Blood Vessels
resemble very
long and skinny
tunnels that are
all through your
body.
3 Types of Blood Vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
What is the heart?
• An organ made of cardiac muscle tissue
Describe the heart
• Located behind your breastbone, called
the sternum, and between your lungs
• Has four compartments called chambers
– The two upper chambers are called the right
and left atria
– The two lower chambers are called the right
and left ventricles
LOCATION OF THE HEART
• 4 chambered muscular organ
• Shaped/sized roughly like a person’s closed
fist
• Lies in the mediastinum between the points
of attachment of the 2nd through 6th rib
• 2/3 of heart located on left side of the midline
and 1/3 on the right.
• Posteriorly against T5th to T8th
• The position allows one to perform CPR
Describe the heart
• During one heartbeat, both atriums
contract at the same time
• Then, both ventricles contract at the same
time
• A one-way valve separates each atrium
from the ventricle below it
Describe the heart
• The blood flows only in one direction from an
atrium to a ventricle, then from a ventricle into a
blood vessel
• A wall (interventricular septum) prevents blood
from flowing between the two atriums or the two
ventricles
• This wall keeps blood rich in oxygen separate
from blood low in oxygen
• If oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood
were to mix, your body's cells would not get all
the oxygen they need
Lub
If you listen to
your heartbeat, it
makes a lub dub
sound.
The lub is when blood
is pushed out of the
heart into the body and
the dub is the reloading
of the heart with more
blood ready to push it
out to the body
Dub
Average Heart Rate of some
Mammals
400
300
200
200
50 30
100 28
0
376
9
70 40
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Heartbeats per
minute
• Heart Rate
can be
determined
using a
Stethoscope
Mammals
ANATOMICAL POSITION
• APEX: The lower border, which form a blunt
point and lies on the diaphragm pointing
toward the left
– Apex is formed by the ventricles
– To count the apical beat, one places a stethoscope
directly over the apex at the 5th intercostal space on
a line with the midpoint of the left clavicle.
• BASE the upper border of the heart, lies just
below the 2nd rib
– The boundaries of course indicate its size and have
considerable clinical importance.
SIZE AND SHAPE OF HEART
• At birth the heart is transverse (wide) and appears large in
proportion to the diameter of the chest
• In infants it is 1/130 of the total body weight compared to
1/300 in an adult
• Between puberty and 25 yrs the heart attains its adult
shape and weight
– About 300 g is average male and 225 g for females
• In adults the shape tends to resemble that of the chest (tall
and thin the heart is elongated. Short and stocky the heart
has a greater width)
COVERING OF THE HEART
Structure of the Heart Covering
• PERICARDIUM is a loose-fitting sac and consist of two parts:
– Fibrous portion tough, loose, and inelastic sac around the heart
– Serous portion consist of two layers
• PARIETAL LAYER: lining inside of the fibrous pericardium
• EPICARDIUM is a covering also known as the visceral layer
– It attaches to the large blood vessels emerging form the top of the heart but
not to the heart itself
– PERICARDIAL SPACE is a slight space between the visceral layer
(epicardium) and the parietal layer
• Contains 10-15 ml of lubricating fluid secreted by the serous membrane
known as PERICARDIAL FLUID
Function of the Heart Coverings
• Provides protection against friction as long
as the serous pericardium remains normal
and continues to produce lubricating
serous fluid
Wall of the Heart
• Three layers of tissue make up the heart wall:
– Epicardium
– Myocardium
– Endocardium
Epicardium
• Outer layer
• Meaning “on the heart”
• Is actually the visceral layer of the serous
pericardium
What are the 3 types of
circulation?
What are the 3 types of circulation?
• System – between heart to body systems
• Pulmonary – between heart & lungs
• Coronary – between heart & heart muscle
What is coronary circulation?
What is coronary circulation?
• The flow of blood to and from the tissues
of the heart
• When the coronary circulation is blocked,
oxygen and nutrients cannot reach all the
cells of the heart. This can cause a heart
attack
What is coronary circulation?
• The heart receives the oxygen and
nutrients that it needs from the blood
• The blood also carries away wastes from
the heart's cells
What is pulmonary circulation?
What is pulmonary circulation?
• The flow of blood through the heart to the
lungs and back to the heart
Trace the pathway of blood from
heart to lungs and back.
Trace the pathway of blood
from heart to lungs and back.
A. Blood, high in
carbon dioxide and
low in oxygen,
returns from the
body to the heart.
It enters the right
atrium through the
superior and
inferior vena
cavae.
Trace the pathway of blood
from heart to lungs and back.
B. The right atrium contracts,
forcing the blood into the
right ventricle. When the
right ventricle contracts,
the blood leaves the heart
and goes through the
pulmonary artery to the
lungs. The pulmonary
arteries are the only
arteries that carry blood
that is high in carbon
dioxide
Trace the pathway of blood
from heart to lungs and back.
C. Oxygen-rich blood
travels from the lungs
through the pulmonary
vein and into the left
atrium. The pulmonary
veins are the only
veins that carry
oxygen-rich blood.
Trace the pathway of blood
from heart to lungs and back.
D. The left atrium
contracts and forces
the blood into the left
ventricle. The left
ventricle contracts,
forcing the blood out
of the heart and into
the aorta.
What are the functions of the
systemic circulation system in
your body?
What are the functions of
the systemic circulation
system in your body?
It moves oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood to
organs and body tissues.
It returns un-oxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood
to the heart.
List the parts of the circulatory
(or cardiovascular) system:
List the parts of the circulatory
(or cardiovascular) system:
• Heart
• Blood vessels
– Arteries
– Veins
– Capillaries
• Blood
Compare & contrast the three
types of blood vessels.
Compare & contrast the three types
of blood vessels.
• All 3 blood vessels transport (move)
blood.
• Capillaries are only one cell thick.
• Arteries & vein have 3 layers.
• Veins have valves.
Compare & contrast the three types
of blood vessels.
• Arteries carry blood away from the
heart.
• Veins carry blood to the heart.
• Capillaries connect arteries & veins.
• Diffusion takes place in capillaries.
Describe arteries
Describe arteries
• Blood vessels that carry blood away from
the heart
• Have thick, elastic walls made of
connective tissue and smooth muscle
tissue
Describe veins
Describe veins
• Blood vessels that carry blood back to the
heart
• Have one-way valves that keep blood
moving toward the heart
What is blood pressure?
What is blood pressure?
The force of the blood on the walls of the
blood vessels.
What is the purpose of blood
vessels?
What is the purpose of blood
vessels?
• Blood vessels carry the blood to every part
of your body
What does blood do?
What does blood do?
• Blood moves oxygen and nutrients to cells
• Carries carbon dioxide and other wastes
away from the cells
• Sometimes the blood carries substances
made in one part of the body to another
part of the body where they are needed
What is the heart?
Describe the heart