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Biochemistry Vocabulary element / atom molecule/ compound organic molecule inorganic molecule polymer chemical bond: covalent bond dehydration synthesis hydrolysis (digestion) functional groups: carboxyl group & amino group monomer: subunit The Four Kinds of Organic Molecules that Make up Living Things: Carbohydrates: sugars and complex carbohydrates monosaccharide: simple sugar (glucose, galactose, fructose) disaccharide (sucrose, maltose, lactose) polysaccharide: complex carbohydrate (starch, glycogen, cellulose) Lipids: fats, oils and waxes glycerol fatty acids (has a carboxyl group) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids Proteins: Enzymes, antibodies, hormones, structural proteins, transport proteins amino acid : peptide amino group, carboxyl group, radical group peptide bond dipeptide polypeptide : amino acid chain Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA nucleotide (phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar and nitrogenous base) Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine (bases in DNA) Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine (bases in RNA) Double helix Biochemistry Vocabulary element / atom molecule/ compound organic molecule inorganic molecule polymer chemical bond: covalent bond dehydration synthesis hydrolysis (digestion) functional groups: carboxyl group & amino group monomer: subunit The Four Kinds of Organic Molecules that Make up Living Things: Carbohydrates: sugars and complex carbohydrates monosaccharide: simple sugar (glucose, galactose, fructose) disaccharide (sucrose, maltose, lactose) polysaccharide: complex carbohydrate (starch, glycogen, cellulose) Lipids: fats, oils and waxes glycerol fatty acids (has a carboxyl group) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids Proteins: Enzymes, antibodies, hormones, structural proteins, transport proteins amino acid : peptide amino group, carboxyl group, radical group peptide bond dipeptide polypeptide : amino acid chain Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA nucleotide (phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar and nitrogenous base) Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine (bases in DNA) Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine (bases in RNA) Double helix
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