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Bioinformatics : 1 2 Definitions of Bioinformatics • The study of the information content and information flow in biological systems and processes (Michael Lieman). • is the field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge to form a single discipline (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) • Bioinformatics may be broadly defined as the interface between Life Sciences and Computational Sciences (www.bic.nus.edu.sg) • Is an interdicsiplinary research area at the interface between computer science and biological science (Jin Xiong, 2006) • Bioinformatics involves the technology that uses computers for storage, retrievel, manipulation, and distribution of information related to biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. 3 Life Sciences Bioinformatics Information Technology Computer Science 4 BIOFORMATICS VS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Bioinformatics is limited to sequence, structural and functional analysis of genes and genomes and their corresponding products and is often considered computational molecular biology. Computational Biology encompasses all biological areas that involve computation. For example, mathematical modeling of ecosystem, population dynamics, applications of the game theory in behaviour studies. 5 GOAL OF BIOINFORMATICS 1. Is to better understand a living cell and how it function at the molecular level. 2. By analyzing raw molecular sequence and structural data, bioinformatics research can generate new insight and provide a global perspective of the cell (The flow of genetic information is dictated by the central dogma of biology DNA , RNA and protein 6 Bioinformatics -TimeLine • Single Structure : – – – Modeling &geometry Simulation Docking • Sequence, sequence-structure relationship: – – – Aligment Structre prediction Fold recognition 1980 1985 1990 • Genomic : – – – Dealing with many sequence Gene finding & genome annotation Databases • Intregrative Analysis : – – – Expression & proteomic data Data mining Simulation again…. (whole cells) 1995 2000 2005 7 8 Why Do We Need Bioinformatics • Data flow in biology : – Human genome project : DNA sequence – Microarray : RNA expression and levels – Proteomics : protein expression and concentration in cells – Structural proteomic or genomic : protein structur (and function) – Functional genomics protein function 9 Human Genome Project Pertumbuhan database mencapai 2-3 Terabyte DNA 10 Study of Bioinformatics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Informations networks Protein information resources Genome information resources DNA sequence analysis Pairwise alignment techniques Multiple sequence alignment Secondary database searching Building a sequence search protocol Analysis packages 11 Post-Genome Wish List 1. Drug Design 2. Designer Protein and Biomaterials 3. Genetic Engineering and gene therapy 4. Vaccine design 5. Personalized medicine 12 Gene Bank – National Center Biotechnology Information 13 STUDI KASUS FLU BURUNG (VIRUS H5N1) 14 15 URUTAN DNA DARI VIRUS H5N1 16 STRUKTUR 3D DARI VIRUS H5N1 (domain neuraminidase) Struktur 3D untuk mempelajari & desain obat (new drug desain) H5N1 17 DATABASE FLU BURUNG (VIRUS H5N1) 18 SEARCH FLU BURUNG (VIRUS H5N1) INDONESIA 19 HASIL DATABASE FLU BURUNG (VIRUS H5N1) 20 STUDI FILOGENETIKA VIRUS H5N1 21 Materi ebook dan praktikum dapat di download di http://www.sith.itb.ac.id/mgbm/adi.htm 22