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GREEN BOOK REVIEWS – SCIENTIFIC METHOD
PAGES 1-6
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
(1) ribosome–protein synthesis
(3) vacuole–cell division
(2) mitochondrion–movement
(4) nucleus–storage of nutrients
In a single-celled organism such as an ameba, all these functions can be performed by
the
(1) nucleus
(3) mitochondria
(2) ribosomes
(4) cell membrane
Specialized cells and organs are necessary in multicellular organisms because in
these organisms
(1) fewer cells are in direct contact with the external environment
(2) all cells are in direct contact with the external environment
(3) a body type evolved that relied on fewer body cells
(4) a body type evolved that required larger sized cells
ATP is most likely being used for
(1) substance A to enter the cell
(2) substance B to enter the cell
(3) both substances to enter the cell
(4) neither substance to enter the cell
HIGH
LOW
ACTIVE = ATP
PASSIVE = NO ATP
The diagram to the right represents a cell of a green plant.
Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich
compounds in structure
(1) A
(3) C
(2) B
(4) D
The diagram to the left shows
molecules represented by X both
outside and inside of a cell.
A process that would result in the
movement of these molecules out of the
cell requires the use of
(1) DNA
(3) antigens
(2) ATP
(4) antibodies
Reasons for conducting peer review include all of the following except
(1) analyzing the experimental design
(2) pointing out possible bias
(3) identifying an illogical conclusion
(4) changing data to support the hypothesis
In the human body, oxygen is absorbed by the lungs and nutrients are absorbed by
the small intestine. In a single-celled organism, this absorption directly involves the
(1) nucleus
(3) cell membrane
(2) chloroplasts
(4) chromosomes
Blown Away Head Lice Meet Hair Dryer of Death
Head lice are becoming indestructible. A study found that as many as 80 percent of the
bugs are [resistant] to insecticides in over-the-counter shampoos, and resistance will only
increase. Evolutionary biologist Dale Clayton may have a new line of attack.
Clayton, who usually studies lice on bird feathers, stumbled onto his solution after a
major research setback. When he moved his laboratory from England to the University of
Utah a decade ago, his entire louse collection perished in the dry desert air. Soon after, his
8-year-old came home from school with head lice. He wondered if human head lice could
also be killed by drying them out. “It was sort of a forehead slapper,” Clayton says. After
conventional hair dryers failed, Clayton came up with the LouseBuster, a 10-pound device
resembling a vacuum cleaner that desiccates [dries out] the bugs with a jet of 140-degree air
[140°F]. “It’s a pretty brutal assault,” he says. Tests show the invention is both safe and
effective, eradicating 80 percent of live lice and 98 percent of eggs, leaving survivors unable
to breed. And, Clayton says, “it will be awfully hard for lice to develop resistance.”
Source: Emily Saarman, “Blown Away—Head Lice Meet Hair Dryer of Death,”
Discover Magazine, February 2007
State how Clayton first learned that desiccating lice kills them.
Design a controlled experiment to determine the effect of hot, dry air on head lice. In your
experimental design, be sure to:
• state the hypothesis to be tested in the experiment
• state one way the control group will be treated differently from the experimental group
• state one result of the experiment that would support the hypothesis
Design a controlled experiment to determine the effect of hot, dry air on head lice. In
your experimental design, be sure to:
• state the hypothesis to be tested in the experiment
*IF lice are exposed to high heat THEN they will die.
• state one way the control group will be treated differently from the experimental
group
*CONTROL: NORMAL. No treatment so no heat exposure.
• state one result of the experiment that would support the hypothesis
*RESULT: SUPPORT or REGECT. Increase in dead lice = Support
A biologist formulates a hypothesis, performs experiments to test his hypothesis,
makes careful observations, and keeps accurate records of his findings. In order to
complete this process, the biologist should
(1) adjust the data to support the hypothesis
(2) eliminate data that do not support the hypothesis
(3) write a research paper explaining his theories before performing his experiments,
in order to gain funding sources
(4) evaluate the findings and, if necessary, alter the hypothesis based on his findings,
and test the new hypothesis
The bar graph below shows the height of a plant
at the end of each week of a five-week growth
period.
Which statement represents a valid conclusion
based on the information in the graph?
(1) The plant was given water during the first
three weeks, only.
(2) The plant will grow faster during the sixth week
than it did during the fifth week.
(3) The plant grew fastest during the first three weeks, and
then it grew slower.
(4) The plant grew slowest during the first three weeks, and then it grew faster.
The function of a cell depends primarily on its
(1) life span
(3) structure
(2) color
(4) movement
Draw an arrow to indicate one part of the plant
cell to the right that would not be found in an
animal cell. The tip of the arrow must touch
the part being identified.
*CHOLOROPLAST
*CELL WALL
The swordfish contains a heat generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to
14°C above the surrounding ocean water temperature. Which structures are most
likely to be found at relatively high concentrations within the cells of this heat
generating organ?
(1) nuclei
(3) chromosomes
(2) chloroplasts
(4) mitochondria
A company that manufactures a popular multivitamin wanted to determine whether their
multivitamin had any side effects. For its initial study, the company chose 2000
individuals to take one of their multivitamin tablets per day for one year. Scientists from
the company surveyed the participants to determine whether they had experienced any
side effects. The greatest problem with this procedure is that
(1) only one brand of vitamin was tested
(3) the sample size was not large enough
(2) the study lasted only one year
(4) no control group was used
What is the main function of a vacuole in a cell?
(1) storage
(3) synthesis of molecules
(2) coordination
(4) release of energy
The tubing connected to both flask setups used in
the experiment provides oxygen to the solution.
State one possible hypothesis for the experiment.
*IF potassium helps plants grow, THEN a plant
without potassium will not grow as well.
State what type of data would most likely be collected
during the experiment to support or refute your hypothesis.
*QUANTITATIVE: Any measurement such as height,
length etc…
Male stickleback fish with red undersides attack other male sticklebacks with red
undersides and also attack models of fish with red undersides. Sticklebacks and fish
models without red undersides are not attacked. Which is the best inference that can be
drawn regarding this behavior?
(1) A male stickleback will defend its territory against all other fish.
(2) The stimulus for an attack is a model with red fins or a male stickleback.
(3) The stimulus for an attack is a red underside.
(4) Male sticklebacks turn red to attract females.
In a cell, a variety of structures perform specific
functions and interact to maintain homeostasis.
The diagram to the right represents a typical cell with
three cell structures labeled 1, 2, and 3.
Select one cell structure labeled in the diagram and write
its number in the space below. Explain how the cell
structure you selected helps maintain homeostasis in a cell.
In your answer, be sure to:
• identify the cell structure you selected
• state one function of this cell structure
• identify one substance that is often associated with the cell structure you selected
and state how that substance is associated with the cell structure
• identify one other cell structure and explain how it interacts with the cell structure
you selected to maintain homeostasis in the cell
Cell structure number: _________
1 = Ribosome
*protein synthesis
*amino acids
*nucleus – gives
ribosomes instruction
2 = Nucleus
*control center
*DNA
*ribosome –
protein synthesis
3 = Mitochondria
*energy/cell respiration
*ATP produced
*Cell Membraneallows glucose to
enter so mitochondria
can function.
In the cell shown to the right, which lettered structure is
responsible for the excretion of most cellular wastes?
(1) A
(3) C
(2) B
(4) D
Which structures carry out life functions within cells?
(1) tissues
(3) organelles
(2) organ systems
(4) organs
Conclusions based on an experiment are most likely to be accepted when
(1) they are consistent with experimental data and observations
(2) they are derived from investigations having many experimental variables
(3) scientists agree that only one hypothesis has been tested
(4) hypotheses are based on one experimental design
Which set of functions is directly controlled by the cell membrane?
(1) protein synthesis, respiration, digestion of food molecules
(2) active transport, recognition of chemical messages, protection
(3) enzyme production, elimination of large molecules, duplication of DNA codes
(4) release of ATP molecules, regulation of cell reproduction, food production
The diagram to the right represents a portion of a cell
membrane.
Which structure may function in the recognition
of chemical signals?
(1) A
(3) C
(2) B
(4) D
Help for Aging Memories
As aging occurs, the ability to form memories begins to decrease. Research has
shown that an increase in the production of a certain molecule, BDNF, seems to
restore the processes involved in storing memories. BDNF is found in the central
nervous system and seems to be important in maintaining nerve cell health.
Researchers are testing a new drug that seems to increase the production of BDNF.
Design an experiment to test the effectiveness of the new drug to increase the production
of BDNF in the brains of rats. In your answer, be sure to:
• state the hypothesis your experiment will test
• describe how the control group will be treated differently from the experimental group
• identify two factors that must be kept the same in both the experimental and control groups
• identify the dependent variable in your experiment
*IF BDNF helps the nervous system, THEN a drug increasing BDNF will have
a positive effect.
*It will not get the drug..
*Same # of rats. Same age. Same conditions. Same food.
*Nervous system function (memory increase).
***INDEPENDENT VARIABLE = BDNF
The diagram to the right represents a plant cell.
Which process takes place in structure A?
(1) cellular respiration
(2) heterotrophic nutrition
(3) digestion of fats
(4) protein synthesis
Which statement best describes a hypothesis?
(1) A hypothesis is the process of making careful observations.
(2) The conclusion drawn from the results of an experiment is part of a hypothesis.
(3) A hypothesis serves as a basis for determining what data to collect when
designing an experiment.
(4) The facts collected from an experiment are written in the form of a hypothesis.
The ameba represented in the diagram to the right is a single-celled organism
Which two processes are most closely associated with structure A?
(1) insertion and deletion
(2) nervous regulation and circulation
(3) active transport and diffusion
(4) replication and photosynthesis
Which statement about the use of independent variables in controlled experiments is
correct?
(1) A different independent variable must be used each time an experiment is repeated.
(2) The independent variables must involve time.
(3) Only one independent variable is used for each experiment.
(4) The independent variables state the problem being tested.
Plants respond to their environment in many different ways. Design an experiment to
test the effects of one environmental factor, chosen from the list below, on plant
growth.
Acidity of precipitation
In your answer, be sure to:
Temperature
• identify the environmental factor you chose
Amount of water
• state one hypothesis the experiment would test
• state how the control group would be treated differently from the experimental
group
• state two factors that must be kept the same in both the experimental and control
groups
• identify the independent variable in the experiment
• label the columns on the data table below for the collection of data in your
experiment
Environmental factor: __________________________________
A researcher wanted to test the effectiveness of a new antibiotic on Streptococcus
pyrogenes, the species of bacteria that causes strep throat. Bacteria were added to
dish 1, dish 2, and dish 3. A disk soaked in the new antibiotic was then placed in dish
2. Dish 3 was set up as the control. The dishes are shown in the diagram below.
State one appropriate hypothesis for this experiment.
All three dishes were placed in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours. The results for
dish 1 are shown below.
Complete the diagram of dish 2 below to represent an example of experimental
results that would support your hypothesis. Explain how your diagram supports your
hypothesis.
Describe how the disk in dish 3 should be prepared so it can serve as the control for
this experiment.