Download 7 The Nervous System

CHAPTER
7
The Nervous System
I. Organization of the Nervous System
(pp. 227–228)
A. Structural Classification (pp. 227–228)
B. Functional Classification (p. 228)
II. Nervous Tissue: Structure and Function
(pp. 228–240)
A. Supporting Cells (pp. 228–230)
B. Neurons (pp. 230–240)
1. Anatomy
a. Cell Body
b. Processes
c. Myelin Sheaths
d. Terminology
2. Classification
a. Functional Classification
b. Structural Classification
3. Physiology: Nerve Impulses
a. Electrical Conditions of a Resting Neuron’s
Membrane
b. Action Potential Initiation and Generation
c. Transmission of the Signal at Synapses
4. Physiology: Reflexes
III. Central Nervous System (pp. 240–255)
A. Functional Anatomy of the Brain (pp. 240–247)
1. Cerebral Hemispheres
a. Cerebral Cortex
b. Cerebral White Matter
c. Basal Nuclei
2. Diencephalon
3. Brain Stem
a. Midbrain
b. Pons
c. Medulla Oblongata
d. Reticular Formation
4. Cerebellum
B. Protection of the Central Nervous System (pp. 247–251)
1. Meninges
2. Cerebrospinal Fluid
3. The Blood-Brain Barrier
C. Brain Dysfunctions (pp. 251–253)
1. Traumatic Brain Injuries
2. Cerebrovascular Accident
D. Spinal Cord (pp. 253–255) Fig. 7.21 only
1. Gray Matter of the Spinal Cord and Spinal Roots
2. White Matter of the Spinal Cord
IV. Peripheral Nervous System (pp. 255–269)
A. Structure of a Nerve (pp. 256–257)
B. Cranial Nerves (p. 257) Fig 7.23 only
C. Spinal Nerves and Nerve Plexuses (pp. 257, 261, 264)
D. Autonomic Nervous System (pp. 264–269)
1. Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Compared
2. Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Division
3. Anatomy of the Sympathetic Division
4. Autonomic Functioning
a. Sympathetic Division
b. Parasympathetic Division
V. Developmental Aspects of the Nervous System (pp. 269–273)
Key Terms
action potential
(nerve impulse)
afferent (sensory)
division
arachnoid mater
arachnoid villi
arteriosclerosis
astrocytes
autonomic (involuntary)
nervous system
(ANS)
axon hillock
axon terminals
axons
basal nuclei (ganglia)
blood-brain barrier
brain stem
cauda equina
cell body
central canal
central nervous system
(CNS)
central sulcus
cerebellum
cerebral aqueduct
cerebral cortex
cerebral hemispheres
cerebral peduncles
cerebral white matter
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
cerebrum
choroid plexus
collateral ganglion
columns
corpora quadrigemina
corpus callosum
corticospinal (pyramidal)
tract
cranial nerves
cutaneous sense organs
dendrites
depolarization
diencephalon (interbrain)
dorsal column
dorsal rami
dorsal root ganglion
dorsal (posterior) horns
dura mater
efferent (motor) division
endoneurium
ependymal cells
epineurium
epithalamus
falx cerebri
fascicles
fissures
frontal lobe
ganglia
glia
graded potential
gray matter
gyri
hemiplegia
homunculus; motor and
sensory
hypothalamus
integration
interneurons
(association
neurons)
lateral column
limbic system
lobes
mamillary bodies
medulla oblongata
meninges
meningitis
microglia
midbrain
mixed nerves
motor (efferent) nerves
motor (efferent)
neurons
motor output
myelin
myelin sheath
nerve
nervous system
neural tube
neurilemma
neurofibrils
neuroglia
neuron (nerve cell);
bipolar, multipolar,
unipolar
neurotransmitters
Nissl bodies
nodes of Ranvier
nuclei
occipital lobe
oligodendrocytes
parasympathetic division
parietal lobe
perineurium
peripheral nervous system
(PNS)
pia mater
pineal body
pituitary gland
plexuses
polarized
pons
postganglionic axon
preganglionic neuron
processes/fibers; Broca’s area
proprioceptors
rami; dorsal and ventral
ramus communicans
receptors
reflex arcs
reflexes; somatic and
autonomic
repolarization
reticular activating system
(RAS)
reticular formation
satellite cells
Schwann cells
sensory
sensory (afferent) nerves
sensory (afferent) neurons
sensory input
somatic sensory area
somatic (voluntary) nervous
system
spinal cord
splanchnic nerves
stimuli
subarachnoid space
sulci
sympathetic chain
ganglion
sympathetic division
sympathetic trunk
(chain)
synapse
synaptic cleft
temporal lobe
tentorium cerebelli
terminal ganglion
thalamus
tracts
ventral (anterior) horns
ventral column
ventral rami
ventricles
white matter