Download European Innovation Scoreboard 2017 Innovation system Structural

European Innovation Scoreboard 2017
64
Romania is a Modest Innovator. Over time,
performance has declined by 14.1% relative
to that of the EU in 2010.
Innovation system
Relative strengths of the innovation system are in Innovation-friendly
environment, Sales impacts, and Human resources. Relative weaknesses
are in Innovators, Firm investments, and Finance and support.
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
48
49
44
42
34
33
2010
2011
2012
Relative to EU in 2010
2013
RO
EU
29.3
18.1
27.6
9.5
38.1
46.9
5.0
5.1
15.6
36.4
8.6
63.6
58.0
7.1
16.5
41.5
42.0
5.31
17.3
38.0
44.1
1.18
0.3
11.0
3.4
3.0
74.3
29.9
165.8
1.5
3.6
76.5
Structure of the economy
Composition of employment, average 2011-15
- Agriculture & Mining (NACE A-B) (%)
- Manufacturing (NACE C) (%)
of which High and Medium high-tech (%)
- Utilities and Construction (NACE D-F) (%)
- Services (NACE G-N) (%)
of which Knowledge-intensive services (%)
- Public administration, etc. (NACE O-U) (%)
Business indicators
Composition of turnover, average 2011-2014
- Micro enterprises (0-9 employees) (%)
- SMEs (10-249 employees) (%)
- Large enterprises (250+ employees) (%)
Share of foreign controlled enterprises, 2014 (%)
Top R&D spending enterprises
- average number per 10 mln population, 2011-15
- average R&D spending, mln Euros, 2011-15
Enterprise births (10+ empl.) (%), avg 2012-14
Buyer sophistication 1-7 (best), 2013-14
Ease of starting a business, Doing Business 2017
Socio-demographic indicators
GDP per capita, PPS, avg 2011-13
Change in GDP between 2010 and 2015, (%)
Population size, avg 2011-15 (millions)
Change in population between 2010 and 2015 (%)
Population aged 15-64, avg 2011-2015 (%)
Population density, average 2011-15
Degree of urbanisation, average 2011-15 (%)
13,500 25,400
12.8
5.4
20.0 505.5
-2.1
1.1
67.9
66.1
87.9 116.4
54.4
74.4
Values in green show performance above 120% of EU, values in red show performance
below 80% of EU.
2014
2015
2016
Relative to EU in 2016
Structural differences
Notable differences are a larger share of employment in Agriculture &
Mining, a lower share of employment in High and Medium high-tech
manufacturing, Services and Public administration, a larger share of
foreign controlled enterprises, a lower number of Top R&D spending
enterprises and a lower average R&D spending of these enterprises,
a larger share of enterprise births, lower GDP per capita, a higher growth
rate of GDP, a lower and negative growth rate of population, and lower
population density.
34
32
Romania
SUMMARY INNOVATION INDEX
Human resources
New doctorate graduates
Population with tertiary education
Lifelong learning
Attractive research systems
International scientific co-publications
Most cited publications
Foreign doctorate students
Innovation-friendly environment
Broadband penetration
Opportunity-driven entrepreneurship
Finance and support
R&D expenditure in the public sector
Venture capital expenditures
Firm investments
R&D expenditure in the business sector
Non-R&D innovation expenditures
Enterprises providing ICT training
Innovators
SMEs product/process innovations
SMEs marketing/organizational innovations
SMEs innovating in-house
Linkages
Innovative SMEs collaborating with others
Public-private co-publications
Private co-funding of public R&D exp.
Intellectual assets
PCT patent applications
Trademark applications
Design applications
Employment impacts
Employment in knowledge-intensive activities
Employment fast-growing enterprises
Sales impacts
Medium and high tech product exports
Knowledge-intensive services exports
Sales of new-to-market/firm innovations
Performance
relative to EU
2010 in
2010
2016
47.9
33.8
42.3
49.8
100.0
96.4
17.1
44.1
2.1
0.0
23.4
30.0
23.4
47.6
31.1
40.1
12.3
9.0
74.9
89.8
122.2
144.4
41.5
51.2
52.6
18.1
27.1
21.8
84.8
13.3
64.4
11.9
13.3
15.9
209.4
21.3
0.0
0.0
38.5
0.0
26.4
0.0
50.8
0.0
38.0
0.0
52.3
29.4
10.7
5.8
39.3
15.0
97.5
61.1
15.9
24.9
21.1
26.7
16.6
31.3
8.5
17.5
21.0
37.0
3.8
19.2
33.6
50.0
84.8
62.2
87.1
93.4
56.0
54.7
115.9
33.2
Change
20102016
-14.1
7.4
-3.6
27.0
-2.1
6.5
24.2
9.0
-3.4
14.9
22.2
9.7
-34.6
-5.3
-71.5
-52.5
2.6
-188.1
0.0
-38.5
-26.4
-50.8
-38.0
-22.9
-4.9
-24.3
-36.4
9.0
5.6
14.8
9.0
16.0
15.4
16.4
-22.7
6.4
-1.3
-82.7
Dark green: normalised performance above 120% of EU; light green: normalised
performance between 90% and 120% of EU; yellow: normalised performance
between 50% and 90% of EU; orange: normalised performance below 50%
of EU. Normalised performance uses the data after a possible imputation of
missing data and transformation of the data.
Change highlighted in green is positive; change highlighted in light red is negative.