Download L18. Mitosis and Cell Division

Statement of Inquiry:
9/28/2015
AGENDA
Warm Up: Brain Dump
7 min
1. Enter the classroom silently
and find your seat.
2. Write down homework in your
planner.
Objective(s):
•
(Obj 1) Analyze the flow of energy in
living systems (cellular respiration)
•
(OBj 2) Identify the process of
fermentation in the second stage of
cellular respiration.
•
Summarize the events of the four
stages of mitosis and differentiate
cytokinesis in animal and plant cells.
3. Warm- UP
4. Wait silently for instructions
1. Cellular respiration review
2. Cell Cycle
3. Cellular Division
Brain Dump
Passive transport
Active transport
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Cell organelles
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Biomolecules
PASS BACK TEST
go over answers…
questions??
SWITCH SLIDES…CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cell Cycle, Cancer
& Exit tickets
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
The Cell Cycle
• Orderly set of steps between eukaryotic cell divisions
Why do Cells Divide?
• Think, Pair, Share
1. Growth
2. Reproduction
3. Repair
Cell Cycle
• Two major stages:
1. Interphase – cell is not dividing
2. Mitotic (M) phase – cell is dividing
Stages of interphase
1. Interphase
i.
G1 phase (first gap phase) – growth phase when new
organelles are produced and centrioles are produced
ii. S phase (synthesis) – nuclear DNA is replicated
iii. G2 phase (second gap phase) – brief growth period for
production of enzymes needed for cell division, organelle
and centriole production finishes
Stages of mitotic phase
2. Mitotic phase
i.
ii.
Mitosis – nucleus divides two sets of chromosomes into two
daughter nuclei (4 phases)
Cytokinesis – cytoplasm divides (usually begins during
telophase)
Control of the Cell Cycle
G0 Checkpoint – Cell exits cycle – nondividing cell
G1 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is damaged
G2 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is replicated properly
M Checkpoint - spindle assembly checkpoint, check for alignment of
chromosomes
Apoptosis - programmed cell death, if any of the checks fail
Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase
iPMAT
“Please make another twin”
Exit tickets
Complete the biomolecule exit ticket
Place the ticket in the raspberry tray on
your way out the door.
Objective of the day
Summarize the events of the
four stages of mitosis and
differentiate cytokinesis in
animal and plant cells.
Cell Cycle, Cancer
& Cell Division
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
5 min
WHY?
• Why some of the cells are smaller than
others?
Reason
1. They have recently divided and have not grown to full size.
Statement of Inquiry/IB Trait
STATEMENT OF INQUIRY:
The relationship between the structure and function
of our parts is one way that we define what it
means to be human.
IB TRAIT: KNOWLEDGEABLE, COMMUNICATORS
and INQUIRERS
Homework
Write definitions for:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
gene
chromosome
chromatid
homologous chromosome
prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
telophase
mitosis
cytokinesis
Cellular
Division
22
DNA Replication
DNA must be
Original DNA
copied or
strand
replicated
before cell
division
Two new,
identical DNA
Each new cell strands
will then have an
identical copy of
the DNA
23
Chromosomes
24
Prokaryotic Chromosome
The DNA of
prokaryotes
(bacteria) is one,
circular
chromosome
attached to the
inside of the cell
membrane
25
Eukaryotic Chromosomes
All eukaryotic cells store genetic
information in chromosomes
Most eukaryotes have between 10 and
50 chromosomes in their body cells
Human body cells have 46
chromosomes or 23 identical pairs
26
Eukaryotic
Chromosomes
Each chromosome is composed of a
single, tightly coiled DNA molecule
Chromosomes can’t be seen when
cells aren’t dividing and are called
chromatin
27
Chromosomes in Dividing Cells
Duplicated
chromosomes are
called
chromatids &
are held
together by the
centromere
Called Sister Chromatids
28
Karyotype
A picture of the
chromosomes from
a human cell
arranged in pairs by
size
First 22 pairs are
called autosomes
Last pair are the
sex chromosomes
XX female or XY
male
29
Boy or Girl?
The Y Chromosome Decides
Y - Chromosome
X - Chromosome
30
Prokaryotic Cell Undergoing
Binary Fission
31
Mitosis
32
Eukaryotic Cell Division
 Used for growth and
repair
 Produce two new cells
identical to the original
cell
 Cells are diploid (2n)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Chromosomes during Metaphase
of mitosis
Telophase
Cytokinesis
33
Mitosis
Division of the
nucleus
Also called
karyokinesis
Only occurs in
eukaryotes
Has four stages
Doesn’t occur in
some cells such
as brain cells
34
Four Mitotic Stages
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
35
Prophase
What the cell looks like
What’s happening
36
Metaphase
Chromosomes, attached to the
kinetochore fibers, move to the center
of the cell
Chromosomes are now lined up at the
equator
Equator of Cell
Pole of the
Cell
37
Metaphase
Asters at the
poles
Spindle Fibers
Chromosomes
lined at the
Equator
38
Anaphase
Occurs rapidly
Sister
chromatids are
pulled apart to
opposite poles
of the cell by
kinetochore
fibers
39
Anaphase
Sister
Chromatids
being
separated
40
Telophase
Sister chromatids at opposite poles
Spindle disassembles
Nuclear envelope forms around
each set of sister chromatids
Nucleolus reappears
CYTOKINESIS occurs
Chromosomes reappear as
chromatin
41
Comparison of Anaphase & Telophase
42
Cytokinesis
Means division of the cytoplasm
Division of cell into two,
identical halves called daughter
cells
In plant cells, cell plate forms
at the equator to divide cell
In animal cells, cleavage furrow
forms to split cell
43
Cytokinesis
Cleavage furrow in
animal cell
Cell plate in plant
cell
44
Daughter Cells of Mitosis
Have the same number of
chromosomes as each other and
as the parent cell from which
they were formed
Identical to each other, but
smaller than parent cell
Must grow in size to become
mature cells (G1 of Interphase)
45
Song Time
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOsAbTi
9tHw&index=17&list=UUGJqRYuHwar5W6fzQ
O4VxxQ
Mitosis in Onion Root Tips
Do you see any stages of mitosis?
48
Can we identify the Stages
?
Early, Middle, & Late Prophase
?
?
Metaphase
Late Prophase
Anaphase
?
?
Late Anaphase
?
Telophase
?
Telophase & Cytokinesis
49
Locate the Four Mitotic Stages
in Plants
Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Prophase
50
3 min
Brain Break here
Ideas:
• Drink water
• Talk to someone you have not talked to
today.
• 25 jumping jacks
• Simon Says
• One minute dance party
10min
Guided Practice #2
Draw pictures of each stage of
mitosis on four note cards. On one
side, write the name of the stage. On
the opposite side, draw an accurate
sketch of the stage.
2 min
Turn and Talk
Discuss what your diagrams look
like and compare your phases.
Mitotic Phases
10 min
Independent Practice
Complete the Independent Practice #2 section of your guided notes.
1) Describe the events that occur during each of the four stages of
mitosis.
2) Compare how cytokinesis occurs in plant cells with how it occurs in
animal cells.
Voice level 0
Exit Ticket
5 min
Complete the exit ticket silently and stack at your
table group when you are finished.
You may pack up your things.
STOP Cards
S
T
O
P
Summarize: Summarize the day’s
lesson and what we learned.
Trait: What IB trait relates to the
lesson?
Objective: Re-state in your own
words and say whether or not we
met that objective for the day.
Purpose: What was the purpose of
this lesson?
Exit Procedure
• SILENTLY
1. Pack up all of your things.
2. Wait for teach directions to:
1. Push in your chair.
2. Form a line at the door.
3. Silently exit the classroom.
3. Hallways are a Level 1 (whisper)