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Semester 1 Final Review Questions
Government:
1. What document gives you the right to worship as you please? Bill of Rights
2. What is the purpose of the 9th and 10th amendments? Balance power between government and people
3. Which amendment prevents cruel and unusual punishment? 8th Amendment
4. What was the goal of the Federalists Papers? Support a strong federal government
5. What is “Due Process of Law”? 1) (Fairness) speedy trial, 2) no unreasonable search and seizure 3)
no cruel and unusual punishment
6. A veto is an example of which principle? Checks and balances
7. What is an example of a responsible citizen? Person who obeys laws, votes, and serves on a jury
8. How does one become a naturalized citizen? 1) file an application 2) demonstrate an understanding
of U.S. history and government, 3) swear allegiance to the U.S. Constitution
9. What were the problems with the Articles of Confederation? 1) weak national government, 2) soldiers
were not paid; the government could not tax the people 3) passing laws was difficult; 13 of the 13
states had to approve
10. How were past issues with the British gov’t addressed by the colonists? The Bill of Rights
11. Why did the Anti-Federalists demand a bill of rights? To protect individual freedoms from the
federal government
12. Why is the Northwest Ordinance important? Established a method for admitting new states to the
union
13. Grievances in the Declaration of Independence were later addressed in which document? Bill of Rights
14. Why did Patrick Henry opposed ratifying the Constitution? States would surrender too much power
from the national government
15. What is the Supreme Courts role in Separation of Powers? Interpret laws (Are they constitutional?)
16. How were issues like: “How do we finance a war?”, “Who has the power to negotiate treaties?”, “What
prevents the executive from becoming too powerful?” answered? Writing the Articles of
Confederation
17. What rights does the first amendment protect? 1) Religion, 2) Assembly, 3) Press, 4) Petition, 5)
Speech
18. What are examples of a civic duty? Person who obeys laws, votes, and serves on juries
19. How does the Constitution express the principle of Federalism? The powers not delegated to the
United States Are reserved to the States
20. Which amendment protects form unreasonable search & seizure? 4th Amendment
21. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by which amendment? 1st Amendment
22. Which right allows us to publishing an article critical of our Gov’t? Freedom of the press (print)
23. What is Republicanism? Voting for your representative
24. Which right allows us to express our criticism of our Gov’t? Freedom of speech
25. What was the issue argued in The Great Compromise? Disagreement over representation
Exploration, Colonization, and American Revolution:
26. Who did the Continental Congress commission to be general and commander in chief of the Continental
Army? George Washington
27. Why did British colonists object to the Proclamation of 1763? Resented the limits it imposed on
westward expansion
28. Why did the British begin taxing the colonists? To get repaid following the French and Indian War
29. Why did English colonists settle near rivers? Provide resources and transportation
30. Sort these events in chronological order: Mayflower Compact is signed, Roanoake Colony ends in
failure, Europeans start to colonize North America, the first permanent settlement in North America is
founded 1) European start to colonize North America, 2) Roanoke Colony ends in failure, 3) the
first permanent settlement in North America is founded, 4) Mayflower Compact is signed
31. Why did the Pilgrims sign the Mayflower Compact? To establish principles of government for their
new colony
32. What was the result of Taxation without Representation? Colonists desire for independence
33. Why was the Plymouth colony established? So settlers can practice their religion without the
interference from their government
34. Why did the British Government send troops to Lexington and Concord? The British were trying to
show force and scare the colonists
35. Why is the date 1607 is significant? Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement, is founded
36. Why did Thomas Paine write Common Sense? Increase public support for American independence
37. What are the Reasons for Exploration? 1) Gold, 2) Glory, 3) God
38. The need for agricultural workers in the tobacco fields led to the use of enslaved people
39. Why did the Middle Colonies and Southern Colonies have such different economies? Available
natural resources
40. Who was the lawyer for the British soldiers in the Boston Massacre? John Adams
41. What did Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, Thomas Paine, and George Washington want for the colonies?
American independence
42. What is an example of civil disobedience? Boston Tea Party
43. What were some of the causes of the American Revolution? Proclamation of 1763, The Intolerable
Acts, The Stamp Act, Lack of Representation in Parliament
44. What is mercantilism? Raw materials from colonies go to Britain and are made into goods that are
sold back to the colonies
Bill of Rights:
1. Freedom of Religion, Assembly, Press, Petition, Speech
2. Right to bear arms and organize state militia
3. Prohibits quartering of troops
4. Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of property without warrants
5. Due process of law; prohibits forcing accused persons to testify against themselves; requires a grand
jury for serious criminal charges; prohibits military trial for civilians; no double jeopardy
6. Guarantees the right to a speedy trial in criminal cases, the right to know all charges, the right to
obtain and question witnesses, and the right to have counsel.
7. Guarantees a trial by jury in most civil cases
8. Prohibits excessive fines and bail; no cruel and unusual punishment
9. Gives rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution to the people
10. Reserves the powers not delegated (given) to the national government to the states
Seven Principles of Government:

Republicanism – People exercise their power by voting for their political representatives

Limited Government – Requires everyone, citizens and powerful leader alike, obey the law

Popular Sovereignty – Government in which the people rule

Separation of Powers – The division of Government roles into 3 branches – Executive, Legislative
and Judicial

Checks and Balances – Each branch of Government can exercise checks, or controls, over the other branches

Federalism – A system of government in which power is divided between central (federal)
government and state governments

Individual Rights – Personal liberties and privileges
The Great Compromise (plans and compromise):

Virginia Plan – large state
o Two houses (bicameral)
o Representation based on population

New Jersey Plan – small state
o One house
o Representation equal for each state

Compromise
o Two houses (bicameral)
o House of Representatives – based on population
o Senate – two representatives per states (equal)
Three-Fifths Compromise (plans and compromise) :

South – wanted to count slaves towards population, did not want to pay taxes on them

North – wanted to count slaves as property, wanted taxes to be paid on slaves

Compromise – will count 3 out of 5 slaves towards population and taxes
Words to know:

Ratify – to approve officially

Veto – to reject a decision or proposal

Federalist (viewpoints, what did they want, supporters)

Anti-Federalist (viewpoints, what did they want, supporters)

Civic duty – vote, obey laws, pay taxes, serve on a jury

Consent - permission

Civil Disobedience – active, nonviolent refusal to obey a law; example – Boston Tea Party