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OBJECTIVES FOR LECTURE EXAM 3 MUSCLE TISSUE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Describe the gross anatomy of a typical skeletal muscle; state the functions of the: epimysium perimysium endomysium tendons Describe the anatomy of the neuromuscular junction Describe the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibers; explain the structural organization of myofibrils and sarcomeres Describe the structure of a motor unit; explain how motor units function Explain the sliding-filament theory of muscle contraction Describe the ultrastructure of cardiac muscle tissue; explain the role of intercalated discs Describe the ultrastructure of multiunit smooth muscle Describe the ultrastructure of single-unit smooth muscle Understand the functional differences between multiunit and single-unit smooth muscle Explain how the contraction process is controlled in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle Describe general functions of each type of muscle tissue MUSCULAR SYSTEM 1. State the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of the following skeletal muscles: TORSO, ANTERIOR AND LATERAL sternocleidomastoid pectoralis minor external oblique TORSO, POSTERIOR trapezius latissimus dorsi pectoralis major rectus abdominis serratus anterior rhomboideus SHOULDER/UPPER EXTREMITY deltoid supraspinatus teres minor triceps brachii brachialis flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus extensor carpi ulnaris trapezius infraspinatus teres major biceps brachii brachioradialis flexor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis) extensor digitorum HIP/LOWER EXTREMITY gluteus maximus sartorius vastus medialis adductor magnus tensor fasciae latae semitendinosus biceps femoris soleus extensor digitorum longus gluteus medius vastus lateralis rectus femoris adductor longus gracilis semimembranosus gastrocnemius peroneus longus tibialis anterior 193 2. Name the muscles which are responsible for: abduction of the arm flexion of the elbow flexion of the wrist flexion of the digits flexion of the hip abduction of the thigh flexion of the knee dorsiflexion of the foot adduction of the arm extension of the elbow extension of the wrist extension of the digits extension of the hip adduction of the thigh extension of the knee plantar flexion of the foot 3. Understand the principles of levers and leverage 4. Understand the following terms: antagonist synergist fixator stabilizer 5. Describe the arrangement of fibers in types of skeletal muscles: parallel (strap) parallel (fusiform) unipennate bipennate multipennate circular 6. Understand the relationship between fiber orientation and contractile force 7. Understand how the following criteria apply to naming muscles: number of origins relative size relative length shape origin, insertion action 8. Explain what the origin of a muscle is 9. Explain what the insertion of a muscle is 194 OBJECTIVES FOR LABTEST 3 Be able to name the following muscles: CAT SPECIMENS THORAX AND ABDOMEN, VENTRAL pectoantebrachialis pectoralis minor rectus abdominis pectoralis major xiphihumeralis external oblique THORAX, DORSAL AND LATERAL clavodeltoid spinodeltoid clavotrapezius spinotrapezius supraspinatus teres major levator scapulae acromiodeltoid rhomboideus acromiotrapezius latissimus dorsi infraspinatus serratus ventralis UPPER EXTREMITY triceps brachii biceps brachii pronator teres palmaris longus extensor carpi radialis longus extensor digitorum lateralis brachioradialis brachialis epitrochlearis flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris extensor digitorum communis extensor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi radialis brevis HIP/LOWER EXTREMITY caudofemoralis gluteus maximus sartorius vastus medialis rectus femoris adductor longus semitendinosus biceps femoris soleus extensor digitorum longus gluteus medius tensor fasciae latae gracilis vastus lateralis pectineus adductor femoris semimembranosus gastrocnemius peroneus longus tibialis anterior 195 Be able to state the name, origin, insertion, and action of the following muscles: HUMAN CADAVER TORSO, ANTERIOR sternocleidomastoid pectoralis minor external oblique pectoralis major rectus abdominis TORSO, POSTERIOR trapezius latissimus dorsi external oblique iliocostalis lumborum rhomboideus serratus anterior external intercostals SHOULDER/UPPER EXTREMITY deltoid supraspinatus teres minor triceps brachii brachialis flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus extensor carpi ulnaris pronator teres extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor pollicis brevis trapezius infraspinatus teres major biceps brachii brachioradialis flexor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi radialis longus extensor digitorum anconeus abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus HIP/LOWER EXTREMITY gluteus maximus sartorius vastus medialis adductor magnus tensor fasciae latae semitendinosus biceps femoris soleus extensor digitorum longus fibularis (peroneus) brevis gluteus medius vastus lateralis rectus femoris adductor longus gracilis semimembranosus gastrocnemius fibularis (peroneus) longus tibialis anterior 196
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