Download Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Fox, Sauk

Chapter 10.3: Indian Removal
As you read, take notes in the graphic organizer to show the steps Andrew Jackson and the U.S.
government took toward Indian Removal.
Indian Removal
Act, 1830 –
authorized removal
of tribes east of the
Mississippi to the
west
Indian Territory
created by Congress
– Oklahoma; planned
to move tribes to
there to protect from
further conflict with
settlers
Bureau of Indian
Affairs – created to
manage removal to
western lands
Indian Removal
1. Which Native American groups were affected by the Indian Removal Act? Where were they
relocated?
Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Fox, Sauk, Seminole; Indian Territory (modern Oklahoma)
2. Why did the government want the tribes relocated? How was the conflict resolved?
To open their lands to settlers
3. What effect might the relocation have had on tribes already living in the West?
Conflict with newcomers, competition for resources, etc.
4. What caused the Trail of Tears and what were its effects?
Jackson’s refusal to enforce the Worcester v. Georgia ruling and desire for land
US government forced the Cherokee from their lands in Georgia to Indian Territory and many died
5. Why did Georgia want to relocate the Cherokee? What did they do in response?
Gold had been found on their lands
Cherokee response – sued state of Georgia – Worcester v. Georgia and won the right to stay
6. What do you think of Jackson’s refusal to enforce the ruling in Worcester v. Georgia?
7. What led to the Second Seminole War? How was the Seminole resistance different from/similar to
the Sauk?
When Seminole leaders were forced to sign a removal treaty, other Seminole fought
Similar – both resisted
Different – Sauk were removed, groups of Seminole stayed
8. Create a chart showing each tribe, their method of resistance and the outcome
Choctaw – first
Creek
Chickasaw
Cherokee
Sauk and Fox
(Black Hawk
War)
Seminole
(Florida)
Forced to sign Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek; not enough supplies for move; ¼
died
Resisted, federal troops captured & led in chains to Indian Territory
Negotiated a treaty for betters supplies, but many still died
Resisted by trying to adapt to white culture – Sequoya developed an alphabet,
children learned English and to read and write Cherokee, published a
newspaper, developed a constitutional government; when they were still faced
with relocation, they sued for the right to remain on their land: Worcester v.
Georgia – Justice Marshall ruled in their favor (federal treaty over state), but they
were forced to move anyway in Trail of Tears
Chief Black Hawk led coalition of tribes to fight for land in Illinois, but ran out of
supplies and was forced to relocate (Fun Fact: Abe Lincoln was in the Illinois
militia. His month in the Black Hawk War was his only military experience before
being President during the Civil War.)
Osceola led his tribe in successful guerilla fighting against the US Army (hiding in
the Everglades); eventually he was captured and many Seminole were removed
(although some hid and stayed); they were the last to hold out east of the
Mississippi River
Chapter 10.3: Indian Removal
Indian Removal Act, 1830 – authorized removal of
tribes east of the Mississippi to the west
Indian Territory created by Congress
– Oklahoma; planned to move tribes to
there to protect from further conflict
with settlers
Bureau of Indian Affairs –
created to manage removal
to western lands
Indian Removal
9. Which Native American groups were affected by the Indian Removal Act? Where
were they relocated?
Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Fox, Sauk, Seminole;
Indian Territory (modern Oklahoma)
10. Why did the government want the tribes relocated? How was the conflict
resolved?
To open their lands to settlers
11.
What effect might the relocation have had on tribes already living in the West?
Conflict with newcomers, competition for resources, etc.
12.
What caused the Trail of Tears and what were its effects?
Jackson’s refusal to enforce the Worcester v. Georgia ruling
and desire for land
US government forced the Cherokee from their lands in
Georgia to Indian Territory and many died
13.
Why did Georgia want to relocate the Cherokee? What did they do in response?
Gold had been found on their lands
Cherokee response – sued state of Georgia – Worcester v.
Georgia and won the right to stay
14. What do you think of Jackson’s refusal to enforce the ruling in Worcester v.
Georgia?
15. What led to the Second Seminole War? How was the Seminole resistance different
from/similar to the Sauk?
When Seminole leaders were forced to sign a removal treaty,
other Seminole fought
Similar – both resisted
Different – Sauk were removed, groups of Seminole stayed
Choctaw – Forced to sign Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek;
first
not enough supplies for move; ¼ died
Creek
Resisted, federal troops captured & led in chains
to Indian Territory
Chickasaw Negotiated a treaty for betters supplies, but
many still died
Cherokee Resisted by trying to adapt to white culture –
Sequoya developed an alphabet, children
learned English and to read and write Cherokee,
published a newspaper, developed a
constitutional government; when they were still
faced with relocation, they sued for the right to
remain on their land: Worcester v. Georgia –
Justice Marshall ruled in their favor (federal
treaty over state), but they were forced to move
anyway in Trail of Tears
Sauk and Chief Black Hawk led coalition of tribes to fight
Fox (Black for land in Illinois, but ran out of supplies and
Hawk
was forced to relocate (Fun Fact: Abe Lincoln
War)
was in the Illinois militia. His month in the Black
Hawk War was his only military experience
before being President during the Civil War.)
Seminole Osceola led his tribe in successful guerilla
(Florida) fighting against the US Army (hiding in the
Everglades); eventually he was captured and
many Seminole were removed (although some
hid and stayed); they were the last to hold out
east of the Mississippi River
16.
Create a chart showing each tribe, their method of resistance and the outcome.