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Pre-reading:PRIIntegrationforFitnessandMovement INTRODUCTIONFORAXIALTRI-PLANARMECHANICS Duringthiscoursewearegoingtodiscusshowthebodymanagesloadsthroughtheaxialframe, howmusclesorganizeforcorestrengththroughthethoraco-abdominalandlumbo-pelvic femoralcomplexes,andhowtoidentifythepositionofvariousbodysegmentsinmovement. Inordertodothiseffectivelyweneedtounderstandmovementterminologyandwilldiscuss familiesofmusclesrelatedtotheirplanesofcontrol. Movementterminologyisbaseduponthespatialorientationofthreeplanes: 1. Sagittalplane–passesthroughanddividesthebodyintotwohalves. • Movementinthisplaneincludesforwardandbackwardmovements-flexion, extension,hyperextension,dorsiflexion,plantarflexion,protraction,retraction. 2. Frontal–passesthroughthebodydividingitintofronttobackportions. • Movementinthisplaneincludesdeviationssidetosideandsideward movements–abduction/upwardrotation,adduction/downwardrotation,lateral flexion. • Movementinthefrontalplanealsoincludeselevationanddepression,asvertical movementswillhappeninthefrontalplane 3. Transverseplane–passesthroughanddividesintotopandbottomportions. • Movementsincludehorizontalandrotationalmotions–medial/internal/inward rotation,lateral/external/outwardrotation,leftrotation,rightrotation, horizontalabduction,andhorizontaladduction. Movementoccursaroundanimaginaryaxisthatpassesthroughajoint. Spatialorganizationisalwayshappeninginthreeplanesandwherethethreeplanesintersectis howthecenterofmass(COM)andgravitylineaffectwheretheaxisofmotionwillbeand whereloadorforceswillbeapplied. • WecanchangeourCOMbymanipulatinghowourbodyorganizesinoneplane,two planes,orallthree. • ChangingandorientingourCOMinfluencespositionandposturalorganizationthree dimensionally. • WecanchangeourCOMbyinducingnewinputsandorganizingloadsandmuscles differently,includinggivingclientsnewcuesornewreferencecenterstohelpchange theirspatialorientation. Anathleticbodyinbalancerequiresgoodtri-planarmanagementofposition,gooduseofthe ground,andgoodspatialorientation.Whenyoucreatetrainingprograms,youwanttomake sureyouarestrategicallyarrangingloadstofacilitateadaptationforanathleticbodyinbalance. Inordertodoso,youneedtobeawareofhowtoeffectivelyevaluate3planesofmotion,as wellashowtopick,choose,andarrangeexercisestosupportbalanceddevelopment. Copyrightã2017PosturalRestorationInstitute® 81 Pre-reading:PRIIntegrationforFitnessandMovement Anathleticbodyinbalancealsorequiresanunderstandingofasymmetricalformandfunction. PRIprovidesyouwithaframeworktounderstandinghowhumanasymmetryaffectsfunctional performancewhichverifiesgreatvalueininjurymanagementandprevention. • Trainingsymmetricalsagittalplaneexerciseonanaxialframethatcannotachievea zonetosymmetricallybreath,restorrotatewillcreateerroneousanddysynchronous patternsofadaptationwhichincludesexcessivemuscletension o Theexcessivemuscletensionisneurologicaltensioncreatedfromneuromotor instabilitiesandcompensatoryhyperactivityintheaccessorymusclesof respirationandattheappendicularflexorsandaxialextensors. ThelimitedfunctionalpatternswecanidentifythroughPRItestsarecreatedbypoortriplanarmanagementofposition,pooruseoftheground,andpoorspatialorientation.Limited functionalpatternsaroundtheaxialframeaddstress,strain,andpoorloadingpatterns leadingtoimpingementorinstabilitypatterns. Alignmentofvariousbodysegmentsisrelatedtothetask,environment,andthebody segment’srelationshiptogravity.Inadequatepositionofbodysegmentswillcausefunctionto belimitedbecausesofttissueandosseousrestrictionspreventingonefromusingmusclesand jointsintheirnormalrange. • Regardlessifgoodpositionisrespected,ourbrainsandbodiesfindawaytogetthejob doneandwillcreateadaptationand/orcompensationtotakeoverfortheselimitations. Thisadaptationoftenrequiresneuromotorencodingandhyperactivityofmusclesthat areplacedinimproperpositionswhichmayexceednormalphysiologicallength,orare inpositionsthatmakethemamoverorcounter-moverinplanesanddirectionsthatare notobservedwhenoneisinaneutralormoresymmetricalstateofrest. Whenyougetgoodatidentifyingposition,itwillbecomeeasiertorecognizewhenthereisa lossoftri-planarbalancewhenwatchingyourclientsmove.Lossoftriplanarmovementmay looklike: v Inabilitytosquatwithheelsflatonfloor v Inabilitytoforwardbendtotouchtoeswithkneesstraight v InabilitytodogetapassiveSLRnear90° v Inabilitytointernallyrotatearmupbackorinternallyrotatehumerus v Asymmetricalweightbearing/shiftingwhileliftinginsymmetricalmovementpatterns v Extendingorbendingonekneeoroneelbowearlierinsymmetricalmovementpatterns v Asymmetrynotedinmovementsorstabilitywhencomparingtwohalvesofthebody Trainingprogramscanincludeexerciseswithinallthreeplanesofmotionandtheycanbe appliedinasystematicwaywhichtheneuromuscularsystem–includingthebrain,muscles, andjoints-canbesthandleandorganizeforoptimalmobility,controlandstability. Inordertounderstandtri-planarmanagementofposition/posturewehavetounderstandhow musclesinfluencepositionmultidimensional.Forteachingpurposeswearegoingtobreak musclesintogroups,PRImusclefamilies,anddiscusshowtheycanorganizevariousbody segmentsandbiomechanicalrelationshipsinspace. Copyrightã2017PosturalRestorationInstitute® 82
