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Statistical release
P0211
Quarterly Labour Force Survey
Quarter 4, 2012
Embargoed until:
05 February 2013
11:30
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Forthcoming issue:
Quarter 1, 2013
Expected release date
May 2013
Statistics South Africa
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Contents
Page
List of tables in highlights of the results .......................................................................................................... ii
List of figures in highlights of the results ......................................................................................................... ii
List of tables................................................................................................................................................... iii
1.
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... v
2.
Highlights of the results ....................................................................................................................... v
3.
Employment ....................................................................................................................................... vi
4.
The unemployed population ............................................................................................................. xiv
5.
Characteristics of the not economically active population ............................................................... xvii
6.
People who were not in employment, education or training (NEET) ............................................... xvii
7.
Technical notes ................................................................................................................................ xix
7.1.
Response details.............................................................................................................................. xix
7.2.
Survey requirements and design ..................................................................................................... xix
7.3.
Sample rotation ................................................................................................................................ xix
7.4.
Weighting .......................................................................................................................................... xx
7.5.
Non-response adjustment ................................................................................................................. xx
7.6.
Final survey weights.......................................................................................................................... xx
7.7.
Estimation ......................................................................................................................................... xx
7.8.
Reliability of the survey estimates ..................................................................................................... xx
8.
Definitions ........................................................................................................................................ xxi
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
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List of tables in highlights of the results
Page
Table A: Key labour market indicators ............................................................................................................ v
Table B: Employment by industry ................................................................................................................. vii
Table C: Employment by province ............................................................................................................... viii
Table D: Employment by occupation ............................................................................................................. xi
Table E: The unemployed by sex ................................................................................................................ xiv
Table F: Response rates by province .......................................................................................................... xix
List of figures in highlights of the results
Figure 1: Total employment, quarter 1:2008 to quarter 4:2012 ..................................................................... vi
Figure 2: Quarter-to-quarter change in employment, quarter 1:2008 to quarter 4:2012 ................................ vi
Figure 3: Year-on-year change in employment, quarter 1:2008 to quarter 4:2012 ....................................... vii
Figure 4: Changes in the formal sector employment by industry ................................................................. viii
Figure 5: Quarter-to-quarter changes in the formal sector employment ........................................................ ix
Figure 6: Year-on-year changes in the formal sector employment ................................................................ ix
Figure 7: Changes in the informal sector employment by industry ................................................................. x
Figure 8: Quarter-to-quarter changes in the informal sector employment ...................................................... x
Figure 9: Year-on-year changes in the informal sector employment ............................................................. xi
Figure 10: Employee access to selected leave benefits ............................................................................... xii
Figure 11: Employee access to other benefits .............................................................................................. xii
Figure 12:Nature of employment contract or agreement , quarter 1:2008 to quarter 4:2012 ...................... xiii
Figure 13:How annual salary increment is negotiated ................................................................................. xiii
Figure 14: Total unemployment, quarter 1:2008 to quarter 4:2012 ............................................................. xiv
Figure 15: Unemployment rate by sex .......................................................................................................... xv
Figure 16: Share of the unemployed by education level ............................................................................... xv
Figure 17: Unemployment rate by province ................................................................................................. xvi
Figure 18: Unemployment rate by population group .................................................................................... xvi
Figure 19: The not economically active ...................................................................................................... xvii
Figure 20: NEET rate¹ of youth aged 15-24 years by sex .......................................................................... xvii
Figure 21: Share of 15-24 year olds who are not in the employment, education or training by sex ........... xviii
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
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List of tables
Page
Table 1: Population of working age (15-64 years) .......................................................................................... 1
Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex - All population groups ............................................................. 2
Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex - All population groups (concluded) .......................................... 3
Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group .......................................................................... 4
Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group (concluded) ......................................................5
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by province ....................................................................................... 6
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by province (continued) .................................................................... 7
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by province (continued) .................................................................... 8
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by province (continued) .................................................................... 9
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by province (concluded) ................................................................. 10
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province - Expanded definition of unemployment ...................... 11
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province - Expanded definition of unemployment (continued) ... 12
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province - Expanded definition of unemployment (continued) ... 13
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province - Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded) .. 14
Table 3.1: Employed by industry and sex - South Africa .............................................................................. 15
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province ............................................................................................. 16
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (continued) .......................................................................... 17
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (continued) .......................................................................... 18
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (concluded) ......................................................................... 19
Table 3.3: Employed by sector and industry - South Africa .......................................................................... 20
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector................................................................................................ 21
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector (concluded) ............................................................................ 22
Table 3.5: Employed by sex and occupation - South Africa ......................................................................... 23
Table 3.6: Employed by sex and status in employment - South Africa ......................................................... 24
Table 3.7: Employed by sex and usual hours of work - South Africa ........................................................... 25
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa .................................................................................... 26
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa (continued) ................................................................. 27
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa (continued) ................................................................. 28
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa (continued) ................................................................. 29
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa (continued) ................................................................. 30
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa (concluded) ................................................................. 31
Table 3.9: Time-related underemployment - South Africa ............................................................................ 32
Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed - South Africa ........................................................................... 33
Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed - South Africa (concluded) ....................................................... 34
Table 5: Characteristics of the not economically active - South Africa ......................................................... 35
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics - South Africa .......................................................................... 36
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics - South Africa (continued) ....................................................... 37
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
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Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics - South Africa (continued) ....................................................... 38
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics - South Africa (concluded) ...................................................... 39
Table 7: Profile of those not in education and not in employment - South Africa ......................................... 40
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province ................................... 41
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (continued) ................ 42
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (continued) ................ 43
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (concluded) ............... 44
Appendix 2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex .................................................... 45
Appendix 2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex (conclude) .................................. 46
Appendix 2.1A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group ............................ 47
Appendix 2.1A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group (concluded) ........ 48
Appendix 2.2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province ......................................... 49
Appendix 2.2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) ...................... 50
Appendix 2.2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) ...................... 51
Appendix 2.2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) ...................... 52
Appendix 2.2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (concluded) ..................... 53
Appendix 3.1A: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex .................................................. 54
Appendix 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector ............................................ 55
Appendix 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (concluded) ......................... 56
Appendix 3.5A: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation ............................................. 57
Appendix 2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex .................................................... 58
Appendix 2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex (concluded) ................................ 59
Appendix 2.1B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group ............................ 60
Appendix 2.1B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group (concluded) ........ 61
Appendix 2.2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province ......................................... 62
Appendix 2.2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) ...................... 63
Appendix 2.2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) ...................... 64
Appendix 2.2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) ...................... 65
Appendix 2.2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (concluded) ..................... 66
Appendix 3.1B: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex .................................................. 67
Appendix 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector ............................................ 68
Appendix 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (concluded) ......................... 69
Appendix 3.5B: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation ............................................. 70 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
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Introduction
The Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) is a household-based sample survey conducted by Statistics
South Africa (Stats SA). It collects data on the labour market activities of individuals aged 15 years and
above who live in South Africa. However, this report only covers labour market activities of persons aged
15 to 64 years.
This report presents the key findings of the QLFS conducted from October to December 2012 (Q4: 2012).
2.
Highlights of the results
Table A: Key labour market indicators
Oct-Dec
2011
Jul-Sep
2012
Oct-Dec
2012
Thousand
Qrt to
Qrt
change
Year on
year
change
Qrt to
Year on
Qrt
year
change
change
Thousand
Population aged 15–64 yrs
32 670
33 018
33 128
110
458
0,3
1,4
Labour force
17 741
18 313
18 078
-235
337
-1,3
1,9
Employed
13 497
13 645
13 577
-68
80
-0,5
0,6
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
9 616
9 663
9 611
-52
-5
-0,5
-0,1
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
2 134
2 197
2 205
8
71
0,4
3,3
Agriculture
630
661
685
24
55
3,6
8,7
1 118
1 124
1 076
-48
-42
-4,3
-3,8
4 244
4 667
4 501
-166
257
-3,6
6,1
14 929
14 705
15 050
345
121
2,3
0,8
2 315
2 170
2 257
87
-58
4,0
-2,5
12 614
12 535
12 794
259
180
2,1
1,4
Unemployment rate
23,9
25,5
24,9
-0,6
1,0
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
41,3
41,3
41,0
-0,3
-0,3
Labour force participation rate
54,3
55,5
54,6
-0,9
0,3
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
The labour force decreased by 235 000 persons between Q3: 2012 and Q4: 2012. This decrease was
reflected in a decrease in the number of both unemployed persons (166 000) and employed persons
(68 000), which saw the unemployment rate decline by 0,6 of a percentage point from 25,5% to 24,9% in
Q4: 2012. It is the first time since the inception of the QLFS that there is a decrease in employment in the
4th quarter of a year.
A decrease in employment was attributable to job losses experienced in the formal sector (down by
52 000) and Private households (down by 8 000). Employment in agriculture and in the informal sector
increased by 24 000 (3,6%) and 8 000 (0,4%) respectively. The number of discouraged work-seekers
increased by 87 000 between Q3:2012 and Q4:2012, while other not economically active persons
increased by 259 000.
Compared to a year ago, in Q4: 2012, employment increased by 0,6% (80 000), unemployment increased
by 6,1% (257 000), the number of discouraged work-seekers decreased by 2,5% (58 000) and other (not
economically active) increased by 1,4% (180 000), resulting in a net increase of 121 000 in the not
economically active population.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
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vi
Employment
Figure 1: Total employment, quarter 1:2008to quarter 4:2012
Thousand
14 200
14 000
13 800
13 600
13 400
13 200
13 000
12 800
12 600
12 400
Q1
Q2
Q3
2008
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2009
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2010
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2011
Q2
Q3
Q4
2012
Employed 13 750 13 879 13 811 14 027 13 843 13 595 13 133 13 250 13 076 13 061 12 975 13 132 13 118 13 125 13 318 13 497 13 422 13 447 13 645 13 577
Since 2008 there has been a rise in employment during the fourth quarter of every year, followed by a
decline in the subsequent quarter with the exception of Q4:2012. Since Q3:2010, employment levels have
steadily risen from 12,9 million to 13,5 million in Q4:2012, with annual increases of 365 000 and 80 000 for
the years ending Q4:2011 and Q4:2012 respectively. The highest employment levels were observed in
Q3:2012 and Q4:2012 since Q2:2009.
Figure 2: Quarter-to-quarter change in employment, quarter 1:2008 to quarter 4:2012
Figure 2 shows that after three successive quarters of increases in employment, employment declined by
75 000 in Q1:2012. Further employment gains of 25 000 and 198 000 were observed in Q2:2012 and
Q3:2012 respectively, followed by job losses of 68 000 in Q4:2012.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
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Figure 3: Year-on-year change in employment, quarter 1:2008 to quarter 4:2012
Thousand
600
400
200
‐ 200
‐ 400
‐ 600
‐ 800
‐1 000
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2009
Employed
93
‐ 284
‐ 678
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
2010
‐ 777
‐ 767
‐ 534
‐ 158
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
2011
‐ 118
42
64
343
Q3
Q4
327
80
2012
365
304
322
South Africa has experienced weak employment growth over the past year, with annual employment
growing by 80 000 (or 0,6%), following a growth of 327 000 (or 2,5%) in the year ended September 2012.
Total employment has grown for eight consecutive quarters on an annual basis since Q1:2011.
Table B: Employment by industry
Oct-Dec
2011
Jul-Sep
2012
Industry
Total*
Oct-Dec
2012
Thousand
Qtr-toqtr
change
Year-onyear
change
Qtr-toYear-onqtr
year
change
change
Per cent
13 497
13 645
13 577
-68
80
-0,5
0,6
630
661
685
24
55
3,6
8,7
327
349
357
8
30
2,3
9,2
1 789
1 727
1 730
3
-59
0,2
-3,3
81
105
98
-7
17
-6,7
21,0
Construction
1 057
1 046
1 061
15
4
1,4
0,4
Trade
3 060
2 962
2 921
-41
-139
-1,4
-4,5
788
834
816
-18
28
-2,2
3,6
Finance and other business services
1 739
1 811
1 804
-7
65
-0,4
3,7
Community and social services
2 902
3 025
3 028
3
126
0,1
4,3
Private households
1 118
1 124
1 076
-48
-42
-4,3
-3,8
Agriculture
#
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Transport
Note: Total includes other industry.
#
Mining is a very clustered industry, hence the industry might not have been adequately captured by the QLFS sample.
For more robust mining estimates, please use the Quarterly Employment Statistics (QES).
*Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Table B indicates that between Q3:2012 and Q4:2012, the decline in total employment was mainly driven
by the decrease in the number of employed persons in Private households (48 000), Trade (41 000) and
Transport (18 000) industries, while employment gains were observed in Agriculture (24 000), Construction
(15 000) and Mining (8 000).
Compared to the same period last year, employment increased by 80 000 jobs, with Community and social
services, Finance and other business services and Agriculture, contributing 126 000, 65 000 and 55 000
jobs respectively. Job losses of 139 000, 59 000 and 42 000 were observed in Trade, Manufacturing and
Private Households industries respectively between Q4:2011 and Q4:2012.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
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Table C: Employment by province
Oct-Dec
2011
Jul-Sep
2012
Province
Oct-Dec
2012
Thousand
Qtr-toqtr
change
Year-onyear
change
Qtr-toYear-onqtr
year
change
change
Per cent
South Africa
13 497
13 645
13 577
-68
80
-0,5
0,6
Western Cape
1 842
1 806
1 824
18
-18
1,0
-1,0
Eastern Cape
1 326
1 330
1 261
-69
-65
-5,2
-4,9
Northern Cape
291
290
292
2
1
0,7
0,3
Free State
753
736
732
-4
-21
-0,5
-2,8
2 562
2 533
2 493
-40
-69
-1,6
-2,7
700
745
747
2
47
0,3
6,7
4 115
4 194
4 178
-16
63
-0,4
1,5
Mpumalanga
923
928
959
31
36
3,3
3,9
Limpopo
985
1 084
1 092
8
107
0,7
10,9
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
*Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Table C shows that between Q3:2012 and Q4:2012, there were job losses in four of the nine provinces,
with the largest declines observed in Eastern Cape (69 000), KwaZulu-Natal (40 000) and Gauteng
(16 000). There were employment gains in Mpumalanga (31 000), Western Cape (18 000) and Limpopo
(8 000) over the same period.
Compared to the year ended December 2011, employment increased in five of the nine provinces, with
Limpopo (107 000), Gauteng (63 000) and North West (47 000) being the biggest contributors, while job
losses were observed in KwaZulu-Natal (69 000), Eastern Cape (65 000) and Free State (21 000).
Thousand
Figure 4: Changes in the formal sector employment by industry
100
50
0
‐50
‐100
‐150
‐200
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and
social services
Qtr‐to‐qtr change
6
7
‐6
20
‐45
‐30
0
‐4
Year‐on‐year change
27
‐48
17
6
‐166
10
73
79
#
Mining is a very clustered industry, hence the industry might not have been adequately captured by the QLFS sample.
For more robustmining estimates please use the Quarterly Employment Statistics (QES)
In Q4:2012, formal sector employment accounted for 70,8% of total employment, which remained
unchanged from the previous quarter. Between Q3:2012 and Q4:2012, employment in the formal sector
declined by 52 000, the majority of the job gains being in the Construction (20 000), Manufacturing (7 000)
and Mining (6 000) industries.
Compared to the same period last year, employment gains were recorded in six of the eight industries, in
particular the Community and social services (79 000), Finance and other business services (73 000) and
Mining (27 000)industries.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
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ix
Thousand
Figure 5: Quarter-to-quarter changes in the formal sector employment
300
200
100
‐ 100
‐ 200
‐ 300
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2008
Formal sector Non‐agric
85
26
Q2
Q3
Q4
2009
126
‐ 76
‐ 73 ‐ 261
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2010
53
‐ 147 ‐ 109 ‐ 45
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2011
120
56
‐ 21
238
Q2
Q3
Q4
2012
180 ‐ 107
62
92
‐ 52
Following two consecutive quarters of employment gains, the formal sector shed 52 000 jobs in Q4:2012
compared to Q3:2012.
Figure 6: Year-on-year changes in the formal sector employment
The annual change in the number of persons employed in the formal sector has been rising since Q1:2011
to Q3:2012. Compared to a year ago, formal sector employment remained virtually unchanged in Q4:2012,
(a slight decline of 5 000 jobs).
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
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x
Thousand
Figure 7: Changes in the informal sector employment by industry
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
‐10
‐20
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and
social services
Qtr‐to‐qtr change
3
‐4
0
‐6
3
10
‐7
8
Year‐on‐year change
4
‐11
2
‐3
25
16
‐8
48
#
Mining is a very clustered industry, hence the industry might not have been adequately captured by the QLFS sample.
For more robustmining estimates please use the Quarterly Employment Statistics (QES)
Informal sector employment increased by 8 000 jobs between Q3:2012 and Q4:2012. Figure 7 indicates
that the majority of jobs in the sector were created in Transport (10 000), and Community and social
services (8 000), while job losses were mainly observed in Finance and other business services (7 000)
and Construction (6 000).
Compared to Q4:2011, the informal sector created 71 000 more jobs in Q4:2012. Community and social
service, Trade and Transport are the industries with robust employment gains, contributing 48 000, 25 000
and 16 000 jobs respectively.
Figure 8: Quarter-to-quarter changes in the informal sector employment
Informal sector employment increased by 8 000 (0,4%) jobs between Q3:2012 and Q4:2012, this increase
follows 112 000 (5,4%) quarter-to-quarter increase in the previous quarter.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
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xi
Figure 9: Year-on-year changes in the informal sector employment
Thousand
200
150
100
50
‐ 50
‐ 100
‐ 150
‐ 200
‐ 250
Q1
Q2
‐ 156
‐ 226
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
‐ 176
‐ 119
‐ 134
41
2009
Informal sector
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
143
71
125
27
2010
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
‐ 12
‐ 91
‐ 73
‐ 128
2011
Q3
Q4
37
71
2012
Informal sector jobs had contracted for four successive quarters, year-on-year, since Q3:2011. However,
37 000 more jobs were created in Q3:2012 and 71 000 jobs in Q4:2012 compared to the same quarters in
the previous year.
Table D: Employment by occupation
Oct-Dec
2011
Jul-Sep
2012
Occupation
Total
Oct-Dec
2012
Thousand
Qtr-toqtr
change
Year-onyear
change
Qtr-toYear-onqtr
year
change
change
Per cent
13 497
13 645
13 577
-68
80
-0,5
0,6
1 130
1 135
1 075
-60
-55
-5,3
-4,9
745
798
805
7
60
0,9
8,1
Technician
1 498
1 523
1 503
-20
5
-1,3
0,3
Clerk
1 523
1 390
1 443
53
-80
3,8
-5,3
Sales and services
1 960
2 062
1 996
-66
36
-3,2
1,8
67
67
60
-7
-7
-10,4
-10,4
Craft and related trade
1 637
1 662
1 660
-2
23
-0,1
1,4
Plant and machine operator
1 126
1 150
1 139
-11
13
-1,0
1,2
Elementary
2 933
2 982
3 034
52
101
1,7
3,4
878
876
861
-15
-17
-1,7
-1,9
Manager
Professional
Skilled agriculture
Domestic worker
*Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Elementary occupations account for the largest share of total employment at 22,3%. The number of
persons employed in Elementary occupations increased by 52 000 in Q4:2012. The biggest decline in
employment by occupational category was observed in Sales and services (66 000), followed by
Managerial (60 000) and Technical (20 000) occupations. Increases in employment were observed in
Clerical (53 000), Elementary (52 000) and Professional (7 000) occupations in Q4:2012.
Compared to a year ago, job creation was concentrated in Elementary (101 000), Professional (60 000)
and Sales and services (36 000) occupations. There was a decline in the number of persons employed in
Clerical (80 000), Managerial (55 000) and Domestic work (17 000) occupations.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
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xii
Figure 10: Employee access to selected leave benefits
% 80,0
70,0
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
0,0
Paid annual leave
Paid sick leave
Maternity/paternity leave
Q4:2011
66,6
68,5
56,0
Q3:2012
60,4
68,4
51,7
Q4:2012
62,0
68,2
52,1
Between Q3:2012 and Q4:2012, the proportion of employees with access to paid annual leave and
maternity leave increased, while paid sick leave benefit declined. Entitlement to paid sick leave benefit was
the most available benefit offered by employers, with paid sick leave available to 68,2% of employees in
Q4:2012, 0,2 of a percentage point decline from the previous quarter. The proportion of employees with
paid annual (vacation) leave increased from 60,4% in Q3:2012 to 62,0% in Q4:2012; while a slight increase
(0,4 of a percentage point) was observed in the proportion of employees with maternity/paternity leave
benefit.
Compared to the same quarter in 2011, the proportion of employees with access to selected leave benefits
declined. Proportion of employees with paid sick leave benefit declined marginally by 0,3 of a percentage
points, while paid annual leave benefit and maternity leave benefit increased by 4,6 and 3,9 percentage
points respectively.
Figure 11: Employee access to other benefits
%
70,0
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
0,0
UIF
Medical aid
Q4:2011
57,3
32,2
Q3:2012
62,0
33,1
Q4:2012
61,3
32,0
About three fifths of the employees indicated that their employers paid Unemployment Insurance Fund
(UIF) contributions on their behalf, while about a third of employees were entitled to medical aid benefits
from their employers. Between Q3:2012 and Q4:2012, there was a decrease of 0,7 of a percentage point in
the proportion of employees for whom their employers paid UIF, while medical aid benefit coverage
decreased by 1,1 percentage points.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
P0211
xiii
Compared to a year ago, improvements were observed in the proportion of employees whose employers
paid UIF for them (up by 4,0 percentage points), while those with medical benefit saw an increase of only
0,2 of a percentage point.
Figure 12: Nature of employment contract or agreement, quarter 1:2008 to quarter 4:2012
Since Q1:2008, more than 60,0% of the employees had a permanent contract/agreement with their
employer, while more than 11,0% had a contract of a limited duration with their employer. Between
Q1:2008 and Q4:2012, employees with a permanent contract/agreement with their employer had increased
by 1,7 percentage points, while those with a limited duration contract increased by 2,2 percentage points.
Figure 13: How annual salary increment is negotiated
%
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
0,0
Employer only
Union and
employer
Individual and
employer
Bargaining
council
No regular
increment
Other
Q4:2011
50,4
22,3
12,6
9,0
5,2
0,6
Q3:2012
50,1
22,3
12,3
9,7
5,1
0,5
Q4:2012
50,9
22,8
11,7
9,3
4,9
0,5
Approximately 95% of employees have a regular salary increase, though a large proportion (50,9%)
indicated that their annual salary increases are determined by the employer only. While the union
negotiates salary increment for 22,8% of employees, 11,7% of employees negotiate for themselves and for
9,3% of employees negotiations are made by the bargaining council.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
4.
P0211
xiv
The unemployed population
Figure 14: Total unemployment, quarter 1:2008 to quarter 4:2012
In Q4:2008, there were approximately 3,9 million persons unemployed in South Africa, the lowest number
since Q1:2008. During the financial and economic crisis, the level of unemployment climbed rapidly,
reaching a peak of 4,4 million in Q2:2010, and remaining around this level in the following quarter. The
number of unemployed persons rose to 4,6 million in Q3:2012 and decreased by 166 000 (or 3,6%) to 4,5
million in Q4:2012.
Table E: The unemployed by sex
Oct-Dec
2011
Jul-Sep
2012
Unemployed
Oct-Dec
2012
Thousand
Qtr-toqtr
change
Year-onyear
change
Qtr-toYear-onqtr
year
change
change
Per cent
Total*
4 244
4 667
4 501
-166
257
-3,6
6,1
Women
2 129
2 331
2 279
-52
150
-2,2
7,0
Men
2 115
2 336
2 222
-114
107
-4,9
5,1
*Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Unemployment decreased by 166 000 (or 3,2%) persons between Q3:2012 and Q4:2012. This decline
reflected a drop in both the number of unemployed men (114 000) and unemployed women (52 000).
Year-on-year, the number of unemployed women increased by 150 000 (or 7,0%), while the number of
unemployed men increased by 107 000 (or 5,1%).
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
P0211
xv
Figure 15: Unemployment rate by sex
%
30,0
25,0
20,0
15,0
10,0
5,0
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2008
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2009
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2010
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2011
Q2
Q3
Q4
2012
Women
27,1
26,8
26,4
25,4
26,2
25,8
26,5
26,1
27,5
27,7
28,0
26,6
28,2
28,7
28,0
26,5
27,7
27,5
28,2
27,9
Men
20,5
19,7
20,4
18,8
21,0
21,6
22,7
22,6
23,2
23,1
23,1
21,8
22,2
23,2
22,5
21,8
23,1
22,8
23,3
22,4
RSA
23,5
23,0
23,1
21,8
23,4
23,5
24,4
24,2
25,2
25,2
25,3
24,0
25,0
25,7
25,0
23,9
25,2
24,9
25,5
24,9
The unemployment rate for women was 27,1% in Q1:2008, while the rate for men was 6,6 percentage
points lower, and by Q4:2012 this gap had narrowed to 5,5 percentage points. Unemployment rate for
women remained higher than the national average between Q1:2008 and Q4:2012. The biggest difference
in unemployment rate between men and women was observed in Q2:2008 (7,1 percentage points), while
the smallest difference was realised in Q4:2009 (3,5 percentage points).
Figure 16: Share of the unemployed by education level
In general, lower unemployment rates are associated with higher levels of education. In Q1:2008, about
64% of the unemployed did not have matric, while only 5,2% of the unemployed had tertiary qualifications.
In Q4:2012, 61,3% of the unemployed did not have matric (2,8 percentage points lower than in Q1:2008)
and only 6,2% had tertiary qualifications (1,0 percentage point higher than in Q1:2008). The share of the
unemployed persons with educational levels lower than matric has been steady, accounting for around
60% in each quarter.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
P0211
xvi
Figure 17: Unemployment rate by province
35
%
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Q4:2011
Q3:2012
Q4:2012
LP
20,2
22,2
19,6
KZN
19,3
21,3
22,5
NW
24,6
25,0
23,3
GP
25,1
24,8
23,7
WC
21,6
25,4
23,9
RSA
23,9
25,5
24,9
NC
26,7
30,0
28,4
MP
27,7
31,1
29,4
EC
27,1
28,8
29,8
FS
29,4
32,0
33,2
Figure 17 shows a decrease in the unemployment rate in six of the nine provinces in Q4:2012 compared to
Q3:2012. The biggest decrease in the unemployment rate was observed in Limpopo (2,6 percentage
points), North West (1,7 percentage points) and Mpumalanga (1,7 percentage points). The biggest
increase in unemployment rate was recorded in KwaZulu-Natal (1,2 percentage points) and Free State (1,2
percentage points).
In comparison to the same period last year, the unemployment rate increased by 1,0 percentage point at
the national level. The biggest increases in the unemployment rate were observed in Free State (3,8
percentage points), KwaZulu-Natal (3,2 percentage points) and Eastern Cape (2,7 percentage points). The
biggest decrease in unemployment rate was recorded in Gauteng (1,4 percentage points) in the same
period.
Figure 18: Unemployment rate by population group
Between Q3:2012 and Q4:2012, unemployment rate decreased among the black African population (down
by 0,6 of a percentage point), coloured (down by 1,0 percentage point) and white (down by 0,3 of a
percentage point) population groups; while an increase of 1,3 percentage points was observed among the
Indian/Asian population.
The year-on-year comparisons show an increase in the unemployment rate among the black African,
coloured and Indian/Asian population groups, while it decreased among the white population group.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
5.
xvii
P0211
Chara
acteristic
cs of the not economically active
e populattion
Fiigure 19: The not eco
onomically active
In Q4:2012, students (4
41,8%) acco
ounted for the largest share of the not economically active
a
population,
fo
ollowed by home-makkers (18,9%
%), while discouraged work-seekkers accounted for 15
5,0% of th
he not
ecconomicallyy active (0,2
2 of a percentage pointt higher than
n in the prevvious quarter).
Co
ompared to
o a year ago (Q4:2011
1), the sharre of studen
nts among the not eco
onomically active
a
popu
ulation
re
emained un
nchanged; while
w
the share of disscouraged work-seeke
w
ers decreassed by 0,5 of a perce
entage
po
oint.
6.
Peoplle who were
w
not in emplo
oyment, educatio
e
on or traiining (NE
EET)
Re
ecently therre has been
n increasing
g interest in
n the challenges faced by young p
people in th
he labour market.
m
Th
his interest resulted in a demand for more in
nformation on the dynamics of th
he youth no
ot in employyment,
ly Stats SA
ed
ducation orr training (NEET). Consequent
C
S decided
d to include question
ns in the QLFS
qu
uestionnaire
e to enable
e the identiffication of the
t
NEETs. The Q4:2
2012 release is the se
econd reporrt with
statistics on NEETs.
N
Ap
pproximately a third of
o the youth
h aged 15–
–24 years were
w
not in
n employme
ent, education or train
ning in
Q4:2012, wh
hich indicate
es the vuln
nerability off this group
p. The youth who are
e categorise
ed as NEE
ET are
co
onsidered to
o be diseng
gaged from both work and educa
ation. In Q4
4:2012, app
proximately 3,3 million youth
we
ere NEETs.
Fiigure 20: NEET
N
rate¹ of
o youth ag
ged 15–24 years by sex
%
40,0
35,0
30,0
25,0
20,0
15,0
10,0
5,0
0,0
Men
Wo
omen
Total
Q3:2012
27,1
35,7
3
31,4
Q4:2012
28,4
34,9
3
31,6
1
No
ote: NEET rate = (Number of unem
mployed youth + number of youth no
ot in the labour force) – (number off unemployed youth and youth not in
i the labour force
e who are
in education
e
or trainiing)/ Total number of youth.
Quarrterly Labour F
Force Survey, Quarter 4, 20
012
Statistics South Africa
xviii
P0211
In Q4:2012 a total NEE
ET rate of 31,6%
3
was observed fo
or youth ag
ged 15–24 yyears, with a NEET ra
ate for
wo
omen (34,9
9%) higher than the NEET
N
rate for
f men (28,4%). Com
mpared to Q
Q3:2012 th
he NEET ra
ate for
wo
omen has decreased by 0,8 of a percenta
age point, while the NEET rate for men increased by
b 1,3
pe
ercentage points.
p
Fiigure 21: Share
S
of 15–
–24 year ollds who are
e not in the
e employm
ment, educa
ation or training by se
ex
100,0
%
80,0
60,0
40,0
20,0
0,0
Not NEET
N
NE
EET
Women
47
7,3
54
4,9
Men
52
2,7
45
5,1
Women acco
W
ount for a bigger
b
share
e of those aged
a
15–24
4 years who are not in
n employme
ent, educattion or
tra
aining; 54,9
9% were wo
omen and 45
5,1% were men (Figurre 17).
PJ Lehoh
hla
Statiistician-Ge
eneral: Stattistics Soutth Africa
Quarrterly Labour F
Force Survey, Quarter 4, 20
012
Statistics South Africa
7.
xix
P0211
Technical notes
7.1. Response details
Table F: Response rates by province
Oct–Dec
2012
Province
Per cent
Western Cape
91,9
Eastern Cape
98,3
Northern Cape
91,4
Free State
96,7
KwaZulu-Natal
97,8
North West
93,4
Gauteng
78,1
Mpumalanga
93,8
Limpopo
98,7
South Africa
92,4
7.2. Survey requirements and design
The Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) frame has been developed as a general-purpose household
survey frame that can be used by all other household surveys irrespective of the sample size requirement
of the survey. The sample size for the QLFS is roughly 30 000 dwellings per quarter.
The sample is based on information collected during the 2001 Population Census conducted by Stats SA.
In preparation for the 2001 Census, the country was divided into 80 787 enumeration areas (EAs). Stats
SA’s household-based surveys use a master sample of primary sampling units (PSUs) which comprise
EAs that are drawn from across the country.
The sample is designed to be representative at provincial level and within provinces at metro/non-metro
level. Within the metros, the sample is further distributed by geography type. The four geography types are:
urban formal, urban informal, farms and tribal. This implies, for example, that within a metropolitan area the
sample is representative at the different geography types that may exist within that metro.
The current sample size is 3 080 PSUs. It is divided equally into four subgroups or panels called rotation
groups. The rotation groups are designed in such a way that each of these groups has the same
distribution pattern as that which is observed in the whole sample. They are numbered from one to four and
these numbers also correspond to the quarters of the year in which the sample will be rotated for the
particular group.
The sample for the redesigned Labour Force Survey (i.e. the QLFS) is based on a stratified two-stage
design with probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling of PSUs in the first stage, and sampling of
dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second stage.
7.3. Sample rotation
Each quarter, a ¼ of the sampled dwellings rotate out of the sample and are replaced by new dwellings
from the same PSU or the next PSU on the list. Thus, sampled dwellings will remain in the sample for four
consecutive quarters. It should be noted that the sampling unit is the dwelling, and the unit of observation is
the household. Therefore, if a household moves out of a dwelling after being in the sample for, say two
quarters, and a new household moves in, the new household will be enumerated for the next two quarters.
If no household moves into the sampled dwelling, the dwelling will be classified as vacant (unoccupied).
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
P0211
xx
7.4. Weighting
The sampling weights for the data collected from the sampled households are constructed in such a
manner that the responses could be properly expanded to represent the entire civilian population of South
Africa. The weights are the result of calculations involving several factors, including original selection
probabilities, adjustment for non-response, and benchmarking to known population estimates from the
Demographic division of Stats SA.
7.5. Non-response adjustment
In general, imputation is used for item non-response (i.e. blanks within the questionnaire) and edits failure
(i.e. invalid or inconsistent responses). The eligible households in the sampled dwellings can be divided
into two response categories: respondents and non-respondents; and weight adjustment is applied to
account for the non-respondent households (e.g. refusal, no contact, etc.).
7.6. Final survey weights
The final survey weights are constructed using regression estimation to calibrate to the known population
counts at the national level population estimates (which are supplied by the Demography division) crossclassified by 5-year age groups, gender and race, and provincial population estimates by broad age
groups. The 5-year age groups are: 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, etc., and 65 years and above. The provincial level
age groups are: 0–14, 15–34, 35–64, and 65 years and over. The calibrated weights are constructed such
that all persons in a household would have the same final weight.
7.7. Estimation
The final survey weights are used to obtain the estimates for various domains of interest, e.g. number of
persons employed in agriculture in Western Cape, number of females employed in manufacturing, etc.
7.8. Reliability of the survey estimates
Since estimates are based on sample data, they differ from figures that would have been obtained from
complete enumeration of the population using the same instrument. Results are subject to both sampling
and non-sampling errors. Non-sampling errors include biases from inaccurate reporting, processing, and
tabulation, etc., as well as errors from non-response and incomplete reporting. These types of errors
cannot be measured readily. However, to some extent, non-sampling errors can be minimised through the
procedures used for data collection, editing, quality control, and non-response adjustment. The variances
of the survey estimates are used to measure sampling errors. The variance estimation methodology is
discussed below.
(i)Variance estimation
The most commonly used methods for estimating variances of survey estimates from complex surveys
such as the QLFS, are the Taylor-series Linearization, Jackknife Replication, Balanced Repeated
Replication (BRR), and Bootstrap methods (Wolter, 2007)1. The Fay’s BRR method has been used for
variance estimation in the QLFS because of its simplicity.
(ii) Coefficient of variation
It is more useful in many situations to assess the size of the standard error relative to the magnitude of the
characteristic being measured (the standard error is defined as the square root of the variance). The
coefficient of variation ( cv ) provides such a measure. It is the ratio of the standard error of the survey
estimate to the value of the estimate itself expressed as a percentage. It is very useful in comparing
the precision of several different survey estimates, where their sizes or scale differ from one another.
(iii) P-value of an estimate of change
The p-value corresponding to an estimate of change is the probability of observing a value larger than the
particular observed value under the hypothesis that there is no real change. If p-value <0,01, the difference
is highly significant; if p-value is between 0,01 and 0,05, the difference is significant; and if p-value >0,05,
the difference is not significant.
1
nd
Wolter KM, 2007.Introduction to Variance Estimation, 2 Edition.New York: Springer-Verlag.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
Statistics South Africa
8.
P0211
xxi
Definitions
Discouraged work-seeker is a person who was not employed during the reference period, wanted to
work, was available to work/start a business but did not take active steps to find work during the last four
weeks, provided that the main reason given for not seeking work was any of the following: no jobs available
in the area; unable to find work requiring his/her skills; lost hope of finding any kind of work.
Economic activities are those that contribute to the production of goods and services in the country.
There are two types of economic activities, namely: (1) Market production activities (work done for others
and usually associated with pay or profit); and (2) Non-market production activities (work done for the
benefit of the household, e.g. subsistence farming).
Employed persons are those aged 15–64 years who, during the reference week: did any work for at least
one hour; or had a job or business but were not at work (temporarily absent).
Employment-to-population ratio (labour absorption rate) is the proportion of the working-age
population that is employed.
Informal employment identifies persons who are in precarious employment situations irrespective of
whether or not the entity for which they work is in the formal or informal sector. Persons in informal
employment therefore consist of all persons in the informal sector; employees in the formal sector; and
persons working in private households who are not entitled to basic benefits such as pension or medical
aid contributions from their employer, and who do not have a written contract of employment.
Informal sector: The informal sector has the following two components:
i)
Employees working in establishments that employ less than five employees, who do not deduct
income tax from their salaries/wages; and
ii) Employers, own-account workers and persons helping unpaid in their household business who
are not registered for either income tax or value-added tax.
The labour force comprises all persons who are employed plus all persons who are unemployed.
Labour force participation rate is the proportion of the working-age population that is either employed or
unemployed.
Long-term unemployment: Persons in long-term unemployment are those individuals among the
unemployed who were without work and trying to find a job or start a business for one year or more.
Not economically active: Persons aged 15–64 years who are neither employed nor unemployed in the
reference week.
Persons in underemployment (time-related) are employed persons who were willing and available to
work additional hours, whose total number of hours actually worked during the reference period was below
35 hours per week.
Underutilised labour comprises three groups as follows: persons who are underemployed, persons who
are unemployed, and persons who are discouraged.
Unemployed persons are those (aged 15–64 years) who:
a) Were not employed in the reference week and;
b) Actively looked for work or tried to start a business in the four weeks preceding the survey interview
and;
c) Were available for work, i.e. would have been able to start work or a business in the reference week
or;
d) Had not actively looked for work in the past four weeks but had a job or business to start at a
definite date in the future and were available.
Unemployment rate is the proportion of the labour force that is unemployed.
The working-age population comprises all persons aged 15–64 years
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
1
Appendix 1
Table 1: Population of working age (15–64 years)
Oct–Dec
2011
Thousand
Jan–Mar
2012
Thousand
Apr–Jun
2012
Thousand
Jul–Sep
2012
Thousand
Oct–Dec
2012
Thousand
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Year on year
change
Thousand
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year change
Percent
Both sexes
Women
Men
32 670
16 797
15 873
32 786
16 847
15 939
32 903
16 898
16 005
33 018
16 948
16 070
33 128
16 995
16 133
110
47
63
458
198
260
0,3
0,3
0,4
1,4
1,2
1,6
Population groups
Black/African
Coloured
Indian/Asian
White
32 670
25 608
3 046
934
3 081
32 786
25 720
3 055
938
3 073
32 903
25 833
3 063
943
3 064
33 018
25 944
3 071
947
3 056
33 128
26 052
3 079
951
3 047
110
108
8
4
-9
458
444
33
17
-34
0,3
0,4
0,3
0,4
-0,3
1,4
1,7
1,1
1,8
-1,1
South Africa
32 670
32 786
Western Cape
3 457
3 470
Eastern Cape
4 191
4 203
Northern Cape
723
725
Free State
1 877
1 881
KwaZulu-Natal
6 802
6 828
North West
2 049
2 055
Gauteng
7 847
7 873
Mpumalanga
2 346
2 356
Limpopo
3 378
3 394
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
32 903
3 484
4 215
727
1 884
6 855
2 061
7 899
2 366
3 411
33 018
3 497
4 225
730
1 888
6 881
2 067
7 926
2 376
3 427
33 128
3 511
4 234
732
1 891
6 905
2 073
7 954
2 386
3 442
110
14
9
2
3
24
6
28
10
15
458
54
43
9
14
103
24
107
40
64
0,3
0,4
0,2
0,3
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,4
0,4
1,4
1,6
1,0
1,2
0,7
1,5
1,2
1,4
1,7
1,9
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
2
Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex - All population groups
Both sexes
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other(not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
32 670
17 741
13 497
9 616
2 134
630
1 118
4 244
14 929
2 315
12 614
32 786
17 948
13 422
9 509
2 106
656
1 151
4 526
14 838
2 335
12 503
32 903
17 916
13 447
9 571
2 085
638
1 153
4 470
14 987
2 311
12 675
33 018
18 313
13 645
9 663
2 197
661
1 124
4 667
14 705
2 170
12 535
33 128
18 078
13 577
9 611
2 205
685
1 076
4 501
15 050
2 257
12 794
110
-235
-68
-52
8
24
-48
-166
345
87
259
458
337
80
-5
71
55
-42
257
121
-58
180
23,9
41,3
54,3
25,2
40,9
54,7
24,9
40,9
54,5
25,5
41,3
55,5
24,9
41,0
54,6
-0,6
-0,3
-0,9
1,0
-0,3
0,3
16 898
8 099
5 872
3 941
842
201
889
2 227
8 799
1 325
7 474
16 948
8 271
5 940
3 971
891
221
857
2 331
8 677
1 213
7 463
16 995
8 164
5 885
3 944
874
227
840
2 279
8 831
1 268
7 563
47
-107
-55
-27
-17
6
-17
-52
154
55
100
198
114
-35
-38
0
29
-26
150
83
-13
96
27,5
34,7
47,9
28,2
35,0
48,8
27,9
34,6
48,0
-0,3
-0,4
-0,8
1,4
-0,6
0,1
Women
Population 15–64 yrs
16 797
16 847
Labour Force
8 050
8 167
Employed
5 920
5 902
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
3 982
3 944
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
874
857
Agriculture
198
213
Private households
866
888
Unemployed
2 129
2 265
Not economically active
8 748
8 681
Discouraged work-seekers
1 281
1 281
Other(not economically active)
7 467
7 399
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
26,5
27,7
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
35,2
35,0
Labour force participation rate
47,9
48,5
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,3
-1,3
-0,5
-0,5
0,4
3,6
-4,3
-3,6
2,3
4,0
2,1
1,4
1,9
0,6
-0,1
3,3
8,7
-3,8
6,1
0,8
-2,5
1,4
0,3
-1,3
-0,9
-0,7
-1,9
2,7
-2,0
-2,2
1,8
4,5
1,3
1,2
1,4
-0,6
-1,0
0,0
14,6
-3,0
7,0
0,9
-1,0
1,3
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
3
Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex - All population groups (concluded)
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
16 005
9 817
7 574
5 630
1 243
438
264
2 243
6 187
986
5 201
16 070
10 042
7 706
5 692
1 306
440
268
2 336
6 028
956
5 072
16 133
9 914
7 693
5 668
1 331
458
236
2 222
6 219
988
5 231
63
-128
-13
-24
25
18
-32
-114
191
32
159
260
222
116
34
71
26
-15
107
38
-46
84
22,8
47,3
61,3
23,3
48,0
62,5
22,4
47,7
61,5
-0,9
-0,3
-1,0
0,6
0,0
0,4
Men
Population 15–64 yrs
15 873
15 939
9 692
9 781
Labour Force
Employed
7 577
7 520
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
5 634
5 565
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
1 260
1 249
Agriculture
432
443
Private households
251
263
Unemployed
2 115
2 261
Not economically active
6 181
6 158
Discouraged work-seekers
1 034
1 054
Other(not economically active
5 147
5 104
Rates (%
Unemployment rate
21,8
23,1
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
47,7
47,2
Labour force participation rate
61,1
61,4
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
0,4
-1,3
-0,2
-0,4
1,9
4,1
-11,9
-4,9
3,2
3,3
3,1
Year on
year
change
Percent
1,6
2,3
1,5
0,6
5,6
6,0
-6,0
5,1
0,6
-4,4
1,6
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
4
Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Black/African
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
32 670
17 741
13 497
4 244
14 929
32 786
17 948
13 422
4 526
14 838
32 903
17 916
13 447
4 470
14 987
33 018
18 313
13 645
4 667
14 705
33 128
18 078
13 577
4 501
15 050
110
-235
-68
-166
345
458
337
80
257
121
23,9
41,3
54,3
25,2
40,9
54,7
24,9
40,9
54,5
25,5
41,3
55,5
24,9
41,0
54,6
-0,6
-0,3
-0,9
1,0
-0,3
0,3
25 608
13 171
9 519
3 651
12 437
25 720
13 350
9 470
3 879
12 370
25 833
13 383
9 544
3 839
12 449
25 944
13 714
9 719
3 995
12 230
26 052
13 514
9 660
3 854
12 538
108
-200
-59
-141
308
444
343
141
203
101
27,7
37,2
51,4
29,1
36,8
51,9
28,7
36,9
51,8
29,1
37,5
52,9
28,5
37,1
51,9
-0,6
-0,4
-1,0
0,8
-0,1
0,5
3 055
1 955
1 488
468
1 099
3 063
1 936
1 473
464
1 127
3 071
1 979
1 494
485
1 092
3 079
1 961
1 501
460
1 118
8
-18
7
-25
26
33
35
-19
54
-3
23,9
48,7
64,0
24,0
48,1
63,2
24,5
48,6
64,4
23,5
48,7
63,7
-1,0
0,1
-0,7
2,4
-1,2
0,5
Coloured
Population 15–64 yrs
3 046
Labour Force
1 926
Employed
1 520
Unemployed
406
Not economically active
1 121
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
21,1
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
49,9
Labour force participation rate
63,2
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,3
-1,3
-0,5
-3,6
2,3
1,4
1,9
0,6
6,1
0,8
0,4
-1,5
-0,6
-3,5
2,5
1,7
2,6
1,5
5,6
0,8
0,3
-0,9
0,5
-5,2
2,4
1,1
1,8
-1,3
13,3
-0,3
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
5
Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group (concluded)
Indian/Asian
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
934
533
487
45
402
938
551
500
51
388
943
529
479
50
413
947
556
491
65
391
951
570
496
74
381
4
14
5
9
-10
17
37
9
29
-21
8,5
52,1
57,0
9,3
53,3
58,7
9,5
50,8
56,1
11,7
51,8
58,7
13,0
52,2
59,9
1,3
0,4
1,2
4,5
0,1
2,9
3 073
2 092
1 964
128
981
3 064
2 067
1 950
117
997
3 056
2 065
1 942
122
991
3 047
2 034
1 921
113
1 013
-9
-31
-21
-9
22
-34
-78
-50
-29
44
6,1
63,9
68,1
5,7
63,6
67,5
5,9
63,5
67,5
5,6
63,0
66,8
-0,3
-0,5
-0,7
-1,1
-1,0
-1,8
White
Population 15–64 yrs
3 081
Labour Force
2 112
Employed
1 971
Unemployed
142
Not economically active
969
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
6,7
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
64,0
Labour force participation rate
68,6
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,4
2,5
1,0
13,8
-2,6
1,8
6,9
1,8
64,4
-5,2
-0,3
-1,5
-1,1
-7,4
2,2
-1,1
-3,7
-2,5
-20,4
4,5
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
6
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by province
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
32 670
17 741
13 497
4 244
14 929
2 315
12 614
32 786
17 948
13 422
4 526
14 838
2 335
12 503
32 903
17 916
13 447
4 470
14 987
2 311
12 675
33 018
18 313
13 645
4 667
14 705
2 170
12 535
33 128
18 078
13 577
4 501
15 050
2 257
12 794
110
-235
-68
-166
345
87
259
458
337
80
257
121
-58
180
23,9
41,3
54,3
25,2
40,9
54,7
24,9
40,9
54,5
25,5
41,3
55,5
24,9
41,0
54,6
-0,6
-0,3
-0,9
1,0
-0,3
0,3
3 470
2 393
1 847
546
1 077
28
1 049
3 484
2 363
1 815
548
1 121
31
1 090
3 497
2 421
1 806
615
1 076
29
1 047
3 511
2 396
1 824
573
1 114
30
1 084
14
-25
18
-42
38
1
37
54
47
-18
66
6
-16
22
22,8
53,2
69,0
23,2
52,1
67,8
25,4
51,6
69,2
23,9
52,0
68,3
-1,5
0,4
-0,9
2,3
-1,3
0,4
Western Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
3 457
Labour Force
2 349
Employed
1 842
Unemployed
507
Not economically active
1 108
Discouraged work-seekers
46
Other
1 062
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
21,6
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
53,3
Labour force participation rate
67,9
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,3
-1,3
-0,5
-3,6
2,3
4,0
2,1
1,4
1,9
0,6
6,1
0,8
-2,5
1,4
0,4
-1,0
1,0
-6,8
3,5
3,4
3,5
1,6
2,0
-1,0
13,0
0,5
-34,8
2,1
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
7
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Eastern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
4 191
1 821
1 326
494
2 370
353
2 018
4 203
1 783
1 279
504
2 420
399
2 020
4 215
1 819
1 298
521
2 396
383
2 012
4 225
1 870
1 330
539
2 356
396
1 959
4 234
1 797
1 261
536
2 437
478
1 959
9
-73
-69
-3
81
82
43
-24
-65
42
67
125
-59
27,1
31,6
43,4
28,3
30,4
42,4
28,6
30,8
43,2
28,8
31,5
44,2
29,8
29,8
42,4
1,0
-1,7
-1,8
2,7
-1,8
-1,0
725
382
286
95
343
34
310
727
401
281
120
327
30
296
730
414
290
124
315
30
285
732
408
292
116
324
28
296
2
-6
2
-8
9
-2
11
9
11
1
10
-2
-11
9
24,9
39,4
52,6
29,9
38,7
55,2
30,0
39,7
56,7
28,4
39,9
55,7
-1,6
0,2
-1,0
1,7
-0,3
0,8
Northern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
723
Labour Force
397
Employed
291
Unemployed
106
Not economically active
326
Discouraged work-seekers
39
Other
287
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
26,7
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
40,2
Labour force participation rate
54,9
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,2
-3,9
-5,2
-0,6
3,4
20,7
0,0
1,0
-1,3
-4,9
8,5
2,8
35,4
-2,9
0,3
-1,4
0,7
-6,5
2,9
-6,7
3,9
1,2
2,8
0,3
9,4
-0,6
-28,2
3,1
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
8
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Free State
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct-Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
1 877
1 067
753
314
810
87
723
1 881
1 087
737
350
794
69
725
1 884
1 085
728
357
799
82
717
1 888
1 081
736
346
806
87
719
1 891
1 096
732
363
795
82
713
3
15
-4
17
-11
-5
-6
14
29
-21
49
-15
-5
-10
29,4
40,1
56,8
32,2
39,2
57,8
32,9
38,6
57,6
32,0
39,0
57,3
33,2
38,7
57,9
1,2
-0,3
0,6
3,8
-1,4
1,1
6 828
3 168
2 519
649
3 660
579
3 081
6 855
3 143
2 520
623
3 712
585
3 127
6 881
3 218
2 533
685
3 663
570
3 092
6 905
3 215
2 493
722
3 690
589
3 101
24
-3
-40
37
27
19
9
103
39
-69
108
64
42
22
20,5
36,9
46,4
19,8
36,8
45,8
21,3
36,8
46,8
22,5
36,1
46,6
1,2
-0,7
-0,2
3,2
-1,6
-0,1
KwaZulu-Natal
Population 15–64 yrs
6 802
Labour Force
3 176
Employed
2 562
Unemployed
614
Not economically active
3 626
Discouraged work-seekers
547
Other
3 079
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
19,3
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
37,7
Labour force participation rate
46,7
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,2
1,4
-0,5
4,9
-1,4
-5,7
-0,8
0,7
2,7
-2,8
15,6
-1,9
-5,7
-1,4
0,3
-0,1
-1,6
5,4
0,7
3,3
0,3
1,5
1,2
-2,7
17,6
1,8
7,7
0,7
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
9
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by province (continued)
North West
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
2 049
928
700
228
1 121
262
859
2 055
954
704
250
1 101
251
850
2 061
961
709
252
1 101
257
844
2 067
994
745
248
1 074
197
877
2 073
973
747
227
1 100
199
901
6
-21
2
-21
26
2
24
24
45
47
-1
-21
-63
42
24,6
34,2
45,3
26,2
34,3
46,4
26,2
34,4
46,6
25,0
36,0
48,0
23,3
36,0
47,0
-1,7
0,0
-1,0
-1,3
1,8
1,7
7 873
5 596
4 140
1 456
2 277
293
1 984
7 899
5 527
4 125
1 402
2 372
284
2 088
7 926
5 576
4 194
1 382
2 351
259
2 092
7 954
5 477
4 178
1 299
2 477
294
2 183
28
-99
-16
-83
126
35
91
107
-16
63
-80
123
-15
138
26,0
52,6
71,1
25,4
52,2
70,0
24,8
52,9
70,4
23,7
52,5
68,9
-1,1
-0,4
-1,5
-1,4
0,1
-1,1
Gauteng
Population 15–64 yrs
7 847
5 493
Labour Force
Employed
4 115
Unemployed
1 379
Not economically active
2 354
Discouraged work-seekers
309
Other
2 045
Rates (%
Unemployment rate
25,1
Employed / population ratio (Absorption
52,4
Labour force participation rate
70,0
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,3
-2,1
0,3
-8,5
2,4
1,0
2,7
1,2
4,8
6,7
-0,4
-1,9
-24,0
4,9
0,4
-1,8
-0,4
-6,0
5,4
13,5
4,3
1,4
-0,3
1,5
-5,8
5,2
-4,9
6,7
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
10
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by province (concluded)
Mpumalanga
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
2 346
1 277
923
354
1 069
232
837
2 356
1 310
913
397
1 046
257
789
2 366
1 341
953
388
1 025
229
795
2 376
1 345
928
418
1 031
243
788
2 386
1 357
959
399
1 029
226
803
10
12
31
-19
-2
-17
15
40
80
36
45
-40
-6
-34
27,7
39,3
54,4
30,3
38,8
55,6
28,9
40,3
56,7
31,1
39,1
56,6
29,4
40,2
56,9
-1,7
1,1
0,3
1,7
0,9
2,5
3 394
1 275
996
279
2 119
424
1 695
3 411
1 276
1 018
258
2 134
430
1 705
3 427
1 394
1 084
310
2 033
357
1 676
3 442
1 358
1 092
266
2 084
330
1 754
15
-36
8
-44
51
-27
78
64
124
107
17
-60
-111
51
21,9
29,3
37,6
20,2
29,8
37,4
22,2
31,6
40,7
19,6
31,7
39,5
-2,6
0,1
-1,2
-0,6
2,5
3,0
Limpopo
Population 15–64 yrs
3 378
1 234
Labour Force
Employed
985
Unemployed
249
Not economically active
2 144
Discouraged work-seekers
441
Other
1 703
Rates (%
Unemployment rate
20,2
Employed / population ratio (Absorption
29,2
Labour force participation rate
36,5
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,4
0,9
3,3
-4,5
-0,2
-7,0
1,9
1,7
6,3
3,9
12,7
-3,7
-2,6
-4,1
0,4
-2,6
0,7
-14,2
2,5
-7,6
4,7
1,9
10,0
10,9
6,8
-2,8
-25,2
3,0
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
11
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province - Expanded definition of unemployment
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
32 670
20 893
13 497
7 396
11 777
32 786
21 167
13 422
7 745
11 619
32 903
21 070
13 447
7 623
11 833
33 018
21 412
13 645
7 767
11 606
33 128
21 179
13 577
7 602
11 949
110
-233
-68
-165
343
458
286
80
206
172
35,4
41,3
64,0
36,6
40,9
64,6
36,2
40,9
64,0
36,3
41,3
64,8
35,9
41,0
63,9
-0,4
-0,3
-0,9
0,5
-0,3
-0,1
3 457
2 433
1 842
590
1 024
3 470
2 446
1 847
599
1 024
3 484
2 420
1 815
605
1 063
3 497
2 472
1 806
666
1 026
3 511
2 452
1 824
628
1 059
14
-20
18
-38
33
54
19
-18
38
35
24,3
53,3
70,4
24,5
53,2
70,5
25,0
52,1
69,5
26,9
51,6
70,7
25,6
52,0
69,8
-1,3
0,4
-0,9
1,3
-1,3
-0,6
4 203
2 245
1 279
967
1 958
4 215
2 255
1 298
957
1 960
4 225
2 333
1 330
1 002
1 893
4 234
2 341
1 261
1 080
1 893
9
8
-69
78
43
98
-65
163
-54
43,1
30,4
53,4
42,4
30,8
53,5
43,0
31,5
55,2
46,1
29,8
55,3
3,1
-1,7
0,1
5,2
-1,8
1,8
Eastern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
4 191
2 243
Labour Force
Employed
1 326
Unemployed
917
Not economically active
1 947
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
40,9
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
31,6
Labour force participation rate
53,5
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,3
-1,1
-0,5
-2,1
3,0
1,4
1,4
0,6
2,8
1,5
0,4
-0,8
1,0
-5,7
3,2
1,6
0,8
-1,0
6,4
3,4
0,2
0,3
-5,2
7,8
0,0
1,0
4,4
-4,9
17,8
-2,8
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
12
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province - Expanded definition of unemployment (continued)
Northern Cape
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
723
448
291
157
275
725
432
286
146
293
727
446
281
166
281
730
463
290
172
267
732
450
292
157
282
2
-13
2
-15
15
9
2
1
35,0
40,2
62,0
33,8
39,4
59,6
37,1
38,7
61,5
37,2
39,7
63,3
35,0
39,9
61,3
-2,2
0,2
-2,0
0,0
-0,3
-0,7
1 877
1 197
753
444
680
1 881
1 207
737
470
674
1 884
1 206
728
478
678
1 888
1 220
736
484
668
1 891
1 222
732
489
670
3
2
-4
5
2
14
25
-21
45
-10
37,1
40,1
63,8
38,9
39,2
64,2
39,6
38,6
64,0
39,7
39,0
64,6
40,0
38,7
64,6
0,3
-0,3
0,0
2,9
-1,4
0,8
6 828
4 152
2 519
1 633
2 676
6 855
4 097
2 520
1 577
2 758
6 881
4 186
2 533
1 652
2 695
6 905
4 092
2 493
1 599
2 814
24
-94
-40
-53
119
103
54
-69
123
50
39,3
36,9
60,8
38,5
36,8
59,8
39,5
36,8
60,8
39,1
36,1
59,3
-0,4
-0,7
-1,5
2,5
-1,6
-0,1
KwaZulu-Natal
Population 15-64 yrs
6 802
4 038
Labour Force
Employed
2 562
Unemployed
1 476
Not economically active
2 764
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
36,6
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
37,7
Labour force participation rate
59,4
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
7
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,3
-2,8
0,7
-8,7
5,6
1,2
0,4
0,3
0,0
2,5
0,2
0,2
-0,5
1,0
0,3
0,7
2,1
-2,8
10,1
-1,5
0,3
-2,2
-1,6
-3,2
4,4
1,5
1,3
-2,7
8,3
1,8
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
13
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province - Expanded definition of unemployment (continued)
North West
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on
year change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
2 049
1 272
700
572
777
2 055
1 292
704
587
763
2 061
1 292
709
583
769
2 067
1 273
745
528
794
2 073
1 267
747
520
806
6
-6
2
-8
12
24
-5
47
-52
29
45,0
34,2
62,1
45,5
34,3
62,8
45,1
34,4
62,7
41,5
36,0
61,6
41,0
36,0
61,1
-0,5
0,0
-0,5
-4,0
1,8
-1,0
7 847
5 867
4 115
1 752
1 980
7 873
5 942
4 140
1 802
1 931
7 899
5 879
4 125
1 754
2 021
7 926
5 920
4 194
1 726
2 007
7 954
5 866
4 178
1 688
2 088
28
-54
-16
-38
81
107
-1
63
-64
108
29,9
52,4
74,8
30,3
52,6
75,5
29,8
52,2
74,4
29,2
52,9
74,7
28,8
52,5
73,7
-0,4
-0,4
-1,0
-1,1
0,1
-1,1
2 356
1 665
913
752
691
2 366
1 667
953
714
699
2 376
1 701
928
773
675
2 386
1 698
959
739
689
10
-3
31
-34
14
40
84
36
48
-43
45,2
38,8
70,7
42,8
40,3
70,5
45,4
39,1
71,6
43,5
40,2
71,2
-1,9
1,1
-0,4
0,7
0,9
2,4
Mpumalanga
Population 15–64 yrs
2 346
1 614
Labour Force
Employed
923
Unemployed
691
Not economically active
732
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
42,8
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
39,3
Labour force participation rate
68,8
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,3
-0,5
0,3
-1,5
1,5
1,2
-0,4
6,7
-9,1
3,7
0,4
-0,9
-0,4
-2,2
4,0
1,4
0,0
1,5
-3,7
5,5
0,4
-0,2
3,3
-4,4
2,1
1,7
5,2
3,9
6,9
-5,9
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
14
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province - Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded)
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on
year change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
3 394
1 786
996
790
1 608
3 411
1 807
1 018
789
1 603
3 427
1 846
1 084
762
1 581
3 442
1 792
1 092
701
1 650
15
-54
8
-61
69
64
11
107
-95
53
44,2
29,3
52,6
43,7
29,8
53,0
41,3
31,6
53,9
39,1
31,7
52,1
-2,2
0,1
-1,8
-5,6
2,5
-0,6
Limpopo
Population 15–64 yrs
3 378
1 781
Labour Force
Employed
985
Unemployed
796
Not economically active
1 597
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
44,7
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
29,2
Labour force participation rate
52,7
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: Employment refers to market production activities.
0,4
-2,9
0,7
-8,0
4,4
Year on
year
change
Percent
1,9
0,6
10,9
-11,9
3,3
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
15
Table 3.1: Employed by industry and sex - South Africa
Oct–Dec
2011
Thousand
Jan–Mar
2012
Thousand
Apr–Jun
2012
Thousand
Jul–Sep
2012
Thousand
Oct–Dec
2012
Thousand
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Year on year
change
Thousand
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Year on year
change
Thousand
Both sexes
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
13 497
630
327
1 789
81
1 057
3 060
788
1 739
2 902
1 118
6
13 422
656
336
1 722
91
986
3 057
783
1 741
2 891
1 151
7
13 447
638
357
1 678
98
1 012
2 966
791
1 737
3 012
1 153
5
13 645
661
349
1 727
105
1 046
2 962
834
1 811
3 025
1 124
1
13 577
685
357
1 730
98
1 061
2 921
816
1 804
3 028
1 076
2
-68
24
8
3
-7
15
-41
-18
-7
3
-48
1
80
55
30
-59
17
4
-139
28
65
126
-42
-4
-0,5
3,6
2,3
0,2
-6,7
1,4
-1,4
-2,2
-0,4
0,1
-4,3
100,0
0,6
8,7
9,2
-3,3
21,0
0,4
-4,5
3,6
3,7
4,3
-3,8
-66,7
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
5 920
198
34
581
14
118
1 469
167
743
1 729
866
2
5 902
213
43
557
14
107
1 452
162
748
1 715
888
3
5 872
201
52
516
19
120
1 391
155
744
1 785
889
2
5 940
221
47
561
27
127
1 398
165
739
1 798
857
5 885
227
49
557
22
141
1 414
142
747
1 744
840
1
-55
6
2
-4
-5
14
16
-23
8
-54
-17
1
-35
29
15
-24
8
23
-55
-25
4
15
-26
-1
-0,9
2,7
4,3
-0,7
-18,5
11,0
1,1
-13,9
1,1
-3,0
-2,0
.
-0,6
14,6
44,1
-4,1
57,1
19,5
-3,7
-15,0
0,5
0,9
-3,0
-50,0
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
7 577
432
294
1 208
67
939
1 592
621
996
1 173
251
5
7 520
443
293
1 165
77
880
1 606
621
993
1 176
263
4
7 574
438
306
1 162
80
892
1 574
636
993
1 227
264
3
7 706
440
302
1 166
78
919
1 564
669
1 072
1 227
268
7 693
458
308
1 173
76
920
1 507
673
1 057
1 284
236
0
-13
18
6
7
-2
1
-57
4
-15
57
-32
116
26
14
-35
9
-19
-85
52
61
111
-15
-5
-0,2
4,1
2,0
0,6
-2,6
0,1
-3,6
0,6
-1,4
4,6
-11,9
1,5
6,0
4,8
-2,9
13,4
-2,0
-5,3
8,4
6,1
9,5
-6,0
-100,0
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
16
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province
Year on
year
change
Thousand
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on
year change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Agriculture
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
630
94
64
55
62
95
30
64
75
90
656
127
47
47
72
91
38
62
83
88
638
102
60
43
56
91
34
69
85
99
661
123
60
45
68
89
31
49
87
109
685
129
60
49
63
99
28
45
95
117
24
6
0
4
-5
10
-3
-4
8
8
55
35
-4
-6
1
4
-2
-19
20
27
3,6
4,9
0,0
8,9
-7,4
11,2
-9,7
-8,2
9,2
7,3
8,7
37,2
-6,3
-10,9
1,6
4,2
-6,7
-29,7
26,7
30,0
Mining
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
327
4
.
13
27
13
110
30
69
61
336
3
.
16
28
18
109
28
64
70
357
4
3
19
26
19
120
32
67
68
349
2
1
17
27
18
115
30
60
78
357
3
2
17
27
30
122
23
59
75
8
1
1
30
-1
.
4
12
7
-7
-1
-3
17
12
-7
-10
14
2,3
50,0
100,0
0,0
0,0
66,7
6,1
-23,3
-1,7
-3,8
9,2
-25,0
.
30,8
0,0
130,8
10,9
-23,3
-14,5
23,0
Manufacturing
1 789
1 722
1 678
Western Cape
320
294
280
Eastern Cape
155
158
158
Northern Cape
15
16
10
Free State
64
54
57
KwaZulu-Natal
428
386
389
North West
62
56
56
Gauteng
608
608
589
Mpumalanga
76
81
76
Limpopo
62
69
63
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
1 727
287
163
11
59
392
55
607
77
76
1 730
279
174
11
71
361
59
608
96
71
3
-8
11
-59
-41
19
-4
7
-67
-3
0
20
9
0,2
-2,8
6,7
0,0
20,3
-7,9
7,3
0,2
24,7
-6,6
-3,3
-12,8
12,3
-26,7
10,9
-15,7
-4,8
0,0
26,3
14,5
12
-31
4
1
19
-5
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
17
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (continued)
Year on
year
change
Percent
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct-Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
Utilities
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
81
6
5
3
3
7
3
25
22
7
91
4
7
4
5
9
3
26
24
8
98
6
7
3
6
13
5
22
26
11
105
13
6
3
6
10
8
28
22
9
98
12
3
3
3
14
5
29
17
12
-7
-1
-3
0
-3
4
-3
1
-5
3
17
6
-2
0
0
7
2
4
-5
5
-6,7
-7,7
-50,0
0,0
-50,0
40,0
-37,5
3,6
-22,7
33,3
21,0
100,0
-40,0
0,0
0,0
100,0
66,7
16,0
-22,7
71,4
Construction
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
1 057
144
124
19
49
239
49
259
78
95
986
135
108
19
47
210
46
265
64
92
1 012
144
106
20
48
211
45
269
76
94
1 046
135
143
14
51
215
42
279
66
101
1 061
138
131
18
52
220
43
287
73
99
15
3
-12
4
1
5
1
8
7
-2
4
-6
7
-1
3
-19
-6
28
-5
4
1,4
2,2
-8,4
28,6
2,0
2,3
2,4
2,9
10,6
-2,0
0,4
-4,2
5,6
-5,3
6,1
-7,9
-12,2
10,8
-6,4
4,2
Trade
3 060
3 057
2 966
Western Cape
406
391
395
Eastern Cape
308
327
324
Northern Cape
42
41
42
Free State
173
160
156
KwaZulu-Natal
614
570
545
North West
138
152
145
Gauteng
914
944
851
Mpumalanga
222
228
249
Limpopo
242
246
259
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
2 962
383
313
48
149
524
151
910
224
259
2 921
378
284
50
150
497
142
932
226
261
-41
-5
-29
2
1
-27
-9
22
2
2
-139
-28
-24
8
-23
-117
4
18
4
19
-1,4
-1,3
-9,3
4,2
0,7
-5,2
-6,0
2,4
0,9
0,8
-4,5
-6,9
-7,8
19,0
-13,3
-19,1
2,9
2,0
1,8
7,9
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
18
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (continued)
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
Transport
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
788
96
75
10
35
171
26
298
39
39
783
100
75
10
27
180
26
263
48
55
791
96
69
8
30
196
30
254
56
53
834
92
69
10
32
206
31
293
47
54
816
96
65
10
28
186
33
296
53
49
Finance
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
1 739
281
147
27
62
277
56
740
84
66
1 741
293
126
24
70
276
52
761
79
58
1 737
282
102
25
76
282
45
786
85
55
1 811
273
120
29
66
298
64
804
97
61
1 804
305
106
23
66
302
78
773
83
68
Community and social services
2 902
2 891
3 012
Western Cape
374
382
391
Eastern Cape
339
336
363
Northern Cape
79
83
89
Free State
192
181
176
KwaZulu-Natal
516
540
544
North West
165
161
164
Gauteng
830
824
900
Mpumalanga
163
149
148
Limpopo
244
234
236
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
3 025
377
348
87
180
560
175
899
158
242
3 028
388
320
83
183
566
184
888
168
249
-18
4
-4
-10
0
-7
15
7
-2
14
10
-2,2
4,3
-5,8
0,0
-12,5
-9,7
6,5
1,0
12,8
-9,3
3,6
0,0
-13,3
0,0
-20,0
8,8
26,9
-0,7
35,9
25,6
4
14
-31
-14
7
65
24
-41
-4
4
25
22
33
-1
2
-0,4
11,7
-11,7
-20,7
0,0
1,3
21,9
-3,9
-14,4
11,5
3,7
8,5
-27,9
-14,8
6,5
9,0
39,3
4,5
-1,2
3,0
3
11
-28
-4
3
6
9
-11
10
7
126
14
-19
4
-9
50
19
58
5
5
0,1
2,9
-8,0
-4,6
1,7
1,1
5,1
-1,2
6,3
2,9
4,3
3,7
-5,6
5,1
-4,7
9,7
11,5
7,0
3,1
2,0
-4
-20
2
3
6
-5
-7
32
-14
-6
28
Year on
year
change
Percent
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
19
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (concluded)
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
1 124
119
109
26
96
222
73
296
88
96
1 076
95
116
30
91
217
52
296
88
90
Private households
1 118
1 151
1 153
Western Cape
117
117
117
Eastern Cape
110
94
106
Northern Cape
28
25
23
Free State
85
92
97
KwaZulu-Natal
201
239
229
North West
61
60
64
Gauteng
341
354
349
Mpumalanga
95
94
86
Limpopo
78
76
81
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
-48
-24
7
4
-5
-5
-21
-6
-42
-22
6
2
6
16
-9
-45
-7
12
-4,3
-20,2
6,4
15,4
-5,2
-2,3
-28,8
0,0
0,0
-6,3
Year on
year
change
Percent
-3,8
-18,8
5,5
7,1
7,1
8,0
-14,8
-13,2
-7,4
15,4
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
20
Table 3.3: Employed by sector and industry - South Africa
Oct–Dec
2011
Thousand
Jan–Mar
2012
Thousand
Apr–Jun
2012
Thousand
Jul–Sep
2012
Thousand
Oct–Dec
2012
Thousand
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Year on
year change
Thousand
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year change
Percent
13 497
11 750
327
1 789
81
1 057
3 060
788
1 739
2 902
6
13 422
11 615
336
1 722
91
986
3 057
783
1 741
2 891
7
13 447
11 656
357
1 678
98
1 012
2 966
791
1 737
3 012
5
13 645
11 860
349
1 727
105
1 046
2 962
834
1 811
3 025
1
13 577
11 816
357
1 730
98
1 061
2 921
816
1 804
3 028
2
-68
-44
8
3
-7
15
-41
-18
-7
3
1
80
66
30
-59
17
4
-139
28
65
126
-4
-0,5
-0,4
2,3
0,2
-6,7
1,4
-1,4
-2,2
-0,4
0,1
100,0
0,6
0,6
9,2
-3,3
21,0
0,4
-4,5
3,6
3,7
4,3
-66,7
Formal sector (Non- agricultural
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Other
9 616
327
1 586
80
737
2 064
597
1 598
2 622
5
9 509
335
1 540
90
659
2 062
575
1 607
2 634
7
9 571
357
1 507
97
719
1 965
604
1 605
2 712
5
9 663
348
1 531
103
723
1 943
637
1 671
2 705
1
9 611
354
1 538
97
743
1 898
607
1 671
2 701
2
-52
6
7
-6
20
-45
-30
0
-4
1
-5
27
-48
17
6
-166
10
73
79
-3
-0,5
1,7
0,5
-5,8
2,8
-2,3
-4,7
0,0
-0,1
100,0
-0,1
8,3
-3,0
21,3
0,8
-8,0
1,7
4,6
3,0
-60,0
Informal sector (Non-agricultural
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Other
2 134
0
203
0
320
997
192
141
280
1
2 106
1
182
1
328
995
208
134
257
2 085
0
171
2
292
1 000
187
132
300
2 197
1
196
2
323
1 019
198
140
320
2 205
4
192
2
317
1 022
208
133
328
8
3
-4
0
-6
3
10
-7
8
71
4
-11
2
-3
25
16
-8
48
0,4
300,0
-2,0
0,0
-1,9
0,3
5,1
-5,0
2,5
3,3
.
-5,4
.
-0,9
2,5
8,3
-5,7
17,1
Agriculture
630
656
638
Private households
1 118
1 151
1 153
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
661
1 124
685
1 076
24
-48
55
-42
3,6
-4,3
8,7
-3,8
Total employed
Formal and informal sector (Non-agricultural
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Other
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
21
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on
year change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
South Africa
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
13 497
9 616
2 134
630
1 118
13 422
9 509
2 106
656
1 151
13 447
9 571
2 085
638
1 153
13 645
9 663
2 197
661
1 124
13 577
9 611
2 205
685
1 076
-68
-52
8
24
-48
80
-5
71
55
-42
-0,5
-0,5
0,4
3,6
-4,3
0,6
-0,1
3,3
8,7
-3,8
Western Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 842
1 455
176
94
117
1 847
1 435
168
127
117
1 815
1 435
162
102
117
1 806
1 400
163
123
119
1 824
1 422
177
129
95
18
22
14
6
-24
-18
-33
1
35
-22
1,0
1,6
8,6
4,9
-20,2
-1,0
-2,3
0,6
37,2
-18,8
Eastern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 326
903
250
64
110
1 279
852
286
47
94
1 298
877
254
60
106
1 330
868
294
60
109
1 261
830
255
60
116
-69
-38
-39
0
7
-65
-73
5
-4
6
-5,2
-4,4
-13,3
0,0
6,4
-4,9
-8,1
2,0
-6,3
5,5
Northern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
291
178
30
55
28
286
186
29
47
25
281
189
26
43
23
290
186
33
45
26
292
180
34
49
30
2
-6
1
4
4
1
2
4
-6
2
0,7
-3,2
3,0
8,9
15,4
0,3
1,1
13,3
-10,9
7,1
Free State
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
753
488
118
62
85
737
472
101
72
92
728
475
100
56
97
736
465
106
68
96
732
466
113
63
91
-4
1
7
-5
-5
-21
-22
-5
1
6
-0,5
0,2
6,6
-7,4
-5,2
-2,8
-4,5
-4,2
1,6
7,1
KwaZulu-Natal
2 562
2 519
2 520
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
1 757
1 729
1 757
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
509
460
443
Agriculture
95
91
91
Private households
201
239
229
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
2 533
1 814
408
89
222
2 493
1 791
386
99
217
-40
-23
-22
10
-5
-69
34
-123
4
16
-1,6
-1,3
-5,4
11,2
-2,3
-2,7
1,9
-24,2
4,2
8,0
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
22
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector (concluded)
Year on
year
change
Percent
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on
year change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
North West
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
700
519
89
30
61
704
514
92
38
60
709
505
106
34
64
745
535
106
31
73
747
560
107
28
52
2
25
1
-3
-21
47
41
18
-2
-9
0,3
4,7
0,9
-9,7
-28,8
6,7
7,9
20,2
-6,7
-14,8
Gauteng
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
4 115
3 217
492
64
341
4 140
3 233
491
62
354
4 125
3 227
479
69
349
4 194
3 301
548
49
296
4 178
3 253
584
45
296
-16
-48
36
-4
63
36
92
-19
-45
-0,4
-1,5
6,6
-8,2
0,0
1,5
1,1
18,7
-29,7
-13,2
Mpumalanga
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
923
555
197
75
95
913
548
189
83
94
953
568
214
85
86
928
554
199
87
88
959
547
228
95
88
31
-7
29
8
36
-8
31
20
-7
3,3
-1,3
14,6
9,2
0,0
3,9
-1,4
15,7
26,7
-7,4
Limpopo
985
996
1 018
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
544
541
538
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
273
290
301
Agriculture
90
88
99
Private households
78
76
81
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
1 084
540
339
109
96
1 092
563
322
117
90
8
23
-17
8
-6
107
19
49
27
12
0,7
4,3
-5,0
7,3
-6,3
10,9
3,5
17,9
30,0
15,4
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
23
Table 3.5: Employed by sex and occupation - South Africa
Year on
year
change
Percent
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
Both sexes
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
13 497
1 130
745
1 498
1 523
1 960
67
1 637
1 126
2 933
878
13 422
1 102
747
1 532
1 419
1 969
61
1 605
1 106
2 983
896
13 447
1 062
816
1 577
1 406
1 956
67
1 581
1 111
2 957
913
13 645
1 135
798
1 523
1 390
2 062
67
1 662
1 150
2 982
876
13 577
1 075
805
1 503
1 443
1 996
60
1 660
1 139
3 034
861
-68
-60
7
-20
53
-66
-7
-2
-11
52
-15
80
-55
60
5
-80
36
-7
23
13
101
-17
-0,5
-5,3
0,9
-1,3
3,8
-3,2
-10,4
-0,1
-1,0
1,7
-1,7
0,6
-4,9
8,1
0,3
-5,3
1,8
-10,4
1,4
1,2
3,4
-1,9
Women
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
5 920
340
343
838
1 066
886
21
186
165
1 233
843
5 902
357
321
854
987
912
22
188
143
1 248
871
5 872
337
370
842
987
895
17
154
148
1 248
874
5 940
346
343
859
970
969
22
168
155
1 271
837
5 885
330
345
829
1 015
909
24
189
147
1 269
828
-55
-16
2
-30
45
-60
2
21
-8
-2
-9
-35
-10
2
-9
-51
23
3
3
-18
36
-15
-0,9
-4,6
0,6
-3,5
4,6
-6,2
9,1
12,5
-5,2
-0,2
-1,1
-0,6
-2,9
0,6
-1,1
-4,8
2,6
14,3
1,6
-10,9
2,9
-1,8
Men
7 577
7 520
7 574
Manager
790
745
725
Professional
402
427
446
Technician
660
678
736
Clerk
457
433
419
Sales and services
1 075
1 057
1 061
Skilled agriculture
46
40
50
Craft and related trade
1 452
1 417
1 427
Plant and machine operator
960
963
962
Elementary
1 700
1 735
1 710
Domestic worker
35
25
39
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
7 706
789
455
664
420
1 092
46
1 494
995
1 711
39
7 693
745
460
675
428
1 086
36
1 471
992
1 765
33
-13
-44
5
11
8
-6
-10
-23
-3
54
-6
116
-45
58
15
-29
11
-10
19
32
65
-2
-0,2
-5,6
1,1
1,7
1,9
-0,5
-21,7
-1,5
-0,3
3,2
-15,4
1,5
-5,7
14,4
2,3
-6,3
1,0
-21,7
1,3
3,3
3,8
-5,7
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
24
Table 3.6: Employed by sex and status in employment - South Africa
Year on
year
change
Percent
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
Both sexes
Employee
Employer
Own-account worker
Unpaid household member
13 497
11 460
704
1 230
103
13 422
11 406
669
1 247
100
13 447
11 416
695
1 243
93
13 645
11 541
767
1 236
101
13 577
11 511
698
1 285
84
-68
-30
-69
49
-17
80
51
-6
55
-19
-0,5
-0,3
-9,0
4,0
-16,8
0,6
0,4
-0,9
4,5
-18,4
Women
Employee
Employer
Own-account worker
Unpaid household member
5 920
5 125
148
580
68
5 902
5 122
129
582
70
5 872
5 118
148
543
64
5 940
5 173
154
544
69
5 885
5 116
138
577
53
-55
-57
-16
33
-16
-35
-9
-10
-3
-15
-0,9
-1,1
-10,4
6,1
-23,2
-0,6
-0,2
-6,8
-0,5
-22,1
Men
7 577
7 520
7 574
Employee
6 335
6 284
6 298
Employer
556
540
546
Own-account worker
650
666
701
Unpaid household member
36
30
29
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
7 706
6 368
613
692
33
7 693
6 394
560
708
30
-13
26
-53
16
-3
116
59
4
58
-6
-0,2
0,4
-8,6
2,3
-9,1
1,5
0,9
0,7
8,9
-16,7
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
25
Table 3.7: Employed by sex and usual hours of work - South Africa
Year on
year
change
Percent
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
Both sexes
Working less than 15 hours per week
Working 15-29 hours per week
Working 30-39 hours per week
Working 40-45 hours per week
Working more than 45 hours per week
13 497
238
774
932
7 424
4 129
13 422
218
811
989
7 377
4 027
13 447
228
784
936
7 504
3 994
13 645
247
797
991
7 455
4 155
13 577
254
814
940
7 404
4 165
-68
7
17
-51
-51
10
80
16
40
8
-20
36
-0,5
2,8
2,1
-5,1
-0,7
0,2
0,6
6,7
5,2
0,9
-0,3
0,9
Women
Working less than 15 hours per week
Working 15-29 hours per week
Working 30-39 hours per week
Working 40-45 hours per week
Working more than 45 hours per week
5 920
143
501
576
3 264
1 436
5 902
142
529
598
3 202
1 432
5 872
146
521
600
3 275
1 330
5 940
160
528
602
3 197
1 453
5 885
177
536
600
3 131
1 440
-55
17
8
-2
-66
-13
-35
34
35
24
-133
4
-0,9
10,6
1,5
-0,3
-2,1
-0,9
-0,6
23,8
7,0
4,2
-4,1
0,3
Men
7 577
7 520
7 574
Working less than 15 hours per week
95
76
82
Working 15-29 hours per week
273
282
263
Working 30-39 hours per week
356
391
336
Working 40-45 hours per week
4 159
4 175
4 229
Working more than 45 hours per week
2 693
2 595
2 664
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
7 706
88
269
389
4 257
2 703
7 693
77
278
339
4 273
2 725
-13
-11
9
-50
16
22
116
-18
5
-17
114
32
-0,2
-12,5
3,3
-12,9
0,4
0,8
1,5
-18,9
1,8
-4,8
2,7
1,2
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
26
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
11 460
5 537
5 769
154
11 406
5 513
5 726
167
11 416
5 631
5 612
172
11 541
5 603
5 711
227
11 511
5 597
5 734
180
-30
-6
23
-47
51
60
-35
26
-0,3
-0,1
0,4
-20,7
0,4
1,1
-0,6
16,9
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
5 125
2 315
2 743
66
5 122
2 288
2 760
75
5 118
2 347
2 707
64
5 173
2 321
2 758
94
5 116
2 308
2 732
77
-57
-13
-26
-17
-9
-7
-11
11
-1,1
-0,6
-0,9
-18,1
-0,2
-0,3
-0,4
16,7
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
6 335
3 222
3 025
88
6 284
3 225
2 966
93
6 298
3 284
2 905
109
6 368
3 282
2 952
133
6 394
3 290
3 001
103
26
8
49
-30
59
68
-24
15
0,4
0,2
1,7
-22,6
0,9
2,1
-0,8
17,0
11 460
7 631
3 712
118
11 406
7 613
3 680
112
11 416
7 568
3 723
124
11 541
6 968
4 401
172
11 511
7 141
4 230
140
-30
173
-171
-32
51
-490
518
22
-0,3
2,5
-3,9
-18,6
0,4
-6,4
14,0
18,6
5 125
3 343
1 741
41
5 122
3 314
1 752
55
5 118
3 284
1 791
43
5 173
3 035
2 076
63
5 116
3 086
1 971
59
-57
51
-105
-4
-9
-257
230
18
-1,1
1,7
-5,1
-6,3
-0,2
-7,7
13,2
43,9
6 298
4 284
1 933
81
6 368
3 934
2 325
109
6 394
4 055
2 259
81
26
121
-66
-28
59
-233
288
5
0,4
3,1
-2,8
-25,7
0,9
-5,4
14,6
6,6
Pension/retirement fund contribution
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Entitled to any paid leave
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
Men
6 335
6 284
Yes
4 288
4 299
No
1 971
1 928
Don't know
76
57
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
27
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa (continued)
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
11 460
7 846
3 614
11 406
7 909
3 497
11 416
7 879
3 537
11 541
7 893
3 648
11 511
7 856
3 654
-30
-37
6
51
10
40
-0,3
-0,5
0,2
0,4
0,1
1,1
Women
Yes
No
5 125
3 471
1 654
5 122
3 487
1 635
5 118
3 449
1 669
5 173
3 438
1 735
5 116
3 395
1 721
-57
-43
-14
-9
-76
67
-1,1
-1,3
-0,8
-0,2
-2,2
4,1
Men
Yes
No
6 335
4 374
1 961
6 284
4 422
1 862
6 298
4 430
1 868
6 368
4 455
1 913
6 394
4 461
1 933
26
6
20
59
87
-28
0,4
0,1
1,0
0,9
2,0
-1,4
11 460
6 415
5 045
11 406
6 338
5 068
11 416
6 284
5 132
11 541
5 969
5 572
11 511
5 993
5 517
-30
24
-55
51
-422
472
-0,3
0,4
-1,0
0,4
-6,6
9,4
5 125
2 961
2 163
5 122
2 910
2 211
5 118
2 898
2 220
5 173
2 792
2 381
5 116
2 759
2 357
-57
-33
-24
-9
-202
194
-1,1
-1,2
-1,0
-0,2
-6,8
9,0
6 298
3 386
2 912
6 368
3 177
3 191
6 394
3 234
3 160
26
57
-31
59
-220
279
0,4
1,8
-1,0
0,9
-6,4
9,7
Entitled to paid sick leave
Both sexes
Yes
No
Entitled to maternity/paternity leave
Both sexes
Yes
No
Women
Yes
No
Men
6 335
6 284
Yes
3 454
3 427
No
2 881
2 856
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
28
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa (continued)
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
11 460
6 563
4 748
148
11 406
6 541
4 738
127
11 416
6 463
4 819
134
11 541
7 159
4 183
200
11 511
7 059
4 277
175
-30
-100
94
-25
51
496
-471
27
-0,3
-1,4
2,2
-12,5
0,4
7,6
-9,9
18,2
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
5 125
2 688
2 363
73
5 122
2 684
2 378
60
5 118
2 640
2 434
43
5 173
2 957
2 132
85
5 116
2 953
2 081
82
-57
-4
-51
-3
-9
265
-282
9
-1,1
-0,1
-2,4
-3,5
-0,2
9,9
-11,9
12,3
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
6 335
3 875
2 385
75
6 284
3 857
2 360
66
6 298
3 823
2 385
90
6 368
4 202
2 051
115
6 394
4 106
2 196
93
26
-96
145
-22
59
231
-189
18
0,4
-2,3
7,1
-19,1
0,9
6,0
-7,9
24,0
11 460
3 689
7 672
99
11 406
3 686
7 634
86
11 416
3 767
7 538
110
11 541
3 821
7 601
119
11 511
3 686
7 725
100
-30
-135
124
-19
51
-3
53
1
-0,3
-3,5
1,6
-16,0
0,4
-0,1
0,7
1,0
5 125
1 613
3 458
54
5 122
1 594
3 480
48
5 118
1 640
3 430
47
5 173
1 640
3 486
47
5 116
1 580
3 492
45
-57
-60
6
-2
-9
-33
34
-9
-1,1
-3,7
0,2
-4,3
-0,2
-2,0
1,0
-16,7
6 298
2 127
4 108
63
6 368
2 181
4 115
72
6 394
2 107
4 233
55
26
-74
118
-17
59
32
19
9
0,4
-3,4
2,9
-23,6
0,9
1,5
0,5
19,6
UIF contribution
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Medical aid benefits
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
Men
6 335
6 284
Yes
2 075
2 091
No
4 214
4 154
Don't know
46
39
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
29
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa (continued)
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
11 460
6 527
4 781
152
11 406
6 390
4 861
154
11 416
6 369
4 872
175
11 541
6 422
4 900
219
11 511
6 445
4 878
188
-30
23
-22
-31
51
-82
97
36
-0,3
0,4
-0,4
-14,2
0,4
-1,3
2,0
23,7
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
5 125
2 742
2 323
60
5 122
2 667
2 387
68
5 118
2 674
2 383
60
5 173
2 674
2 428
71
5 116
2 663
2 382
71
-57
-11
-46
-9
-79
59
11
-1,1
-0,4
-1,9
0,0
-0,2
-2,9
2,5
18,3
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
6 335
3 785
2 458
93
6 284
3 723
2 474
87
6 298
3 695
2 488
115
6 368
3 748
2 471
149
6 394
3 782
2 495
117
26
34
24
-32
59
-3
37
24
0,4
0,9
1,0
-21,5
0,9
-0,1
1,5
25,8
11 460
9 149
2 311
11 406
9 163
2 243
11 416
9 233
2 182
11 541
9 311
2 229
11 511
9 206
2 304
-30
-105
75
51
57
-7
-0,3
-1,1
3,4
0,4
0,6
-0,3
5 125
4 035
1 090
5 122
4 029
1 093
5 118
4 055
1 063
5 173
4 088
1 085
5 116
4 041
1 076
-57
-47
-9
-9
6
-14
-1,1
-1,1
-0,8
-0,2
0,1
-1,3
6 298
5 178
1 120
6 368
5 223
1 144
6 394
5 166
1 229
26
-57
85
59
52
8
0,4
-1,1
7,4
0,9
1,0
0,7
Income tax (PAYE/ SITE) deduction
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Condition of employment
Both sexes
Written contract
Verbal agreement
Women
Written contract
Verbal agreement
Men
6 335
6 284
Written contract
5 114
5 134
Verbal agreement
1 221
1 150
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
30
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa (continued)
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
11 460
1 495
7 384
2 581
11 406
1 477
7 364
2 565
11 416
1 571
7 350
2 495
11 541
1 622
7 342
2 577
11 511
1 574
7 349
2 588
-30
-48
7
11
51
79
-35
7
-0,3
-3,0
0,1
0,4
0,4
5,3
-0,5
0,3
Women
Limited duration
Permanent nature
Unspecified duration
5 125
685
3 225
1 215
5 122
680
3 217
1 225
5 118
712
3 190
1 216
5 173
762
3 172
1 239
5 116
735
3 132
1 249
-57
-27
-40
10
-9
50
-93
34
-1,1
-3,5
-1,3
0,8
-0,2
7,3
-2,9
2,8
Men
Limited duration
Permanent nature
Unspecified duration
6 335
810
4 159
1 366
6 284
797
4 147
1 340
6 298
859
4 160
1 279
6 368
860
4 170
1 338
6 394
839
4 217
1 339
26
-21
47
1
59
29
58
-27
0,4
-2,4
1,1
0,1
0,9
3,6
1,4
-2,0
11 460
3 363
7 876
221
11 406
3 327
7 842
237
11 416
3 406
7 768
241
11 541
3 367
7 858
315
11 511
3 417
7 836
258
-30
50
-22
-57
51
54
-40
37
-0,3
1,5
-0,3
-18,1
0,4
1,6
-0,5
16,7
5 125
1 368
3 665
92
5 122
1 344
3 680
98
5 118
1 374
3 647
96
5 173
1 354
3 700
119
5 116
1 399
3 614
103
-57
45
-86
-16
-9
31
-51
11
-1,1
3,3
-2,3
-13,4
-0,2
2,3
-1,4
12,0
6 298
2 032
4 121
145
6 368
2 013
4 158
196
6 394
2 018
4 222
155
26
5
64
-41
59
23
10
27
0,4
0,2
1,5
-20,9
0,9
1,2
0,2
21,1
Nature of contract/agreement
Both sexes
Limited duration
Permanent nature
Unspecified duration
Trade union membership
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
Men
6 335
6 284
Yes
1 995
1 984
No
4 212
4 161
Don't know
128
139
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
31
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment - South Africa (concluded)
How annual salary increment is negotiated
Both sexes
Individual and employer
Union and employer
Bargaining council
Employer only
No regular increment
Other
Women
Individual and employer
Union and employer
Bargaining council
Employer only
No regular increment
Other
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
11 460
1 442
2 551
1 031
5 779
593
65
11 406
1 404
2 660
1 054
5 647
565
75
11 416
1 337
2 738
1 079
5 586
619
56
11 541
1 425
2 574
1 121
5 777
584
60
11 511
1 349
2 620
1 067
5 855
567
53
-30
-76
46
-54
78
-17
-7
51
-93
69
36
76
-26
-12
-0,3
-5,3
1,8
-4,8
1,4
-2,9
-11,7
0,4
-6,4
2,7
3,5
1,3
-4,4
-18,5
5 125
634
989
506
2 671
296
28
5 122
592
1 032
503
2 679
284
33
5 118
590
1 065
507
2 643
293
20
5 173
619
967
561
2 719
285
21
5 116
569
1 012
500
2 757
258
20
-57
-50
45
-61
38
-27
-1
-9
-65
23
-6
86
-38
-8
-1,1
-8,1
4,7
-10,9
1,4
-9,5
-4,8
-0,2
-10,3
2,3
-1,2
3,2
-12,8
-28,6
6 298
748
1 673
572
2 943
327
36
6 368
806
1 606
560
3 057
300
39
6 394
780
1 608
567
3 097
309
33
26
-26
2
7
40
9
-6
59
-27
47
42
-11
12
-4
0,4
-3,2
0,1
1,3
1,3
3,0
-15,4
0,9
-3,3
3,0
8,0
-0,4
4,0
-10,8
Men
6 335
6 284
Individual and employer
807
812
Union and employer
1 561
1 629
Bargaining council
525
552
Employer only
3 108
2 968
No regular increment
297
281
Other
37
42
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
32
Table 3.9: Time-related underemployment - South Africa
Year on
year
change
Thousand
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Both sexes
Women
Men
521
306
215
544
313
231
531
327
204
549
337
212
566
345
220
17
8
8
45
39
5
As percentage of the labour force (Both sexes)
Women
Men
2,9
3,8
2,2
3,0
3,8
2,4
3,0
4,0
2,1
3,0
4,1
2,1
3,1
4,2
2,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,4
0,0
As percentage of total employment (Both sexes)
Women
Men
3,9
5,2
2,8
4,1
5,3
3,1
3,9
5,6
2,7
4,0
5,7
2,8
4,2
5,9
2,9
0,2
0,2
0,1
0,3
0,7
0,1
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
521
11
1
50
.
48
98
10
35
77
191
544
14
0
32
0
57
126
19
33
68
196
531
7
0
29
.
53
99
14
38
91
200
549
11
17
4
32
.
75
93
16
37
91
193
566
15
0
28
.
77
95
10
39
92
210
-4
.
2
2
-6
2
1
17
45
4
-1
-22
.
29
-3
0
4
15
19
531
7
6
32
14
56
2
63
16
185
151
549
11
7
29
18
58
3
71
15
185
152
566
11
6
40
14
63
5
57
9
197
163
17
0
-1
11
-4
5
2
-14
-6
12
11
45
4
0
11
0
15
1
-15
-5
7
25
Occupation
521
544
Manager
7
6
Professional
6
6
Technician
29
24
Clerk
14
16
Sales and services
48
55
Skilled agriculture
4
5
Craft and related trade
72
75
Plant and machine operator
14
15
Elementary
190
200
Domestic worker
138
142
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
3,1
2,4
3,8
8,6
12,7
2,3
3,1
36,4
-12,5
.
2,7
2,2
-37,5
5,4
1,1
8,8
8,6
36,4
-100,0
-44,0
.
60,4
-3,1
0,0
11,4
19,5
9,9
3,1
0,0
-14,3
37,9
-22,2
8,6
66,7
-19,7
-40,0
6,5
7,2
8,6
57,1
0,0
37,9
0,0
31,3
25,0
-20,8
-35,7
3,7
18,1
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
33
Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed - South Africa
Year on
year
change
Thousand
Qrt to
Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Unemployed
Job losers
Job leavers
New entrants
Re-entrants
Other
4 244
1 288
260
1 850
236
610
4 526
1 400
275
1 993
164
694
4 470
1 458
232
1 924
161
694
4 667
1 417
284
2 075
178
714
4 501
1 338
280
1 974
195
713
-166
-79
-4
-101
17
-1
257
50
20
124
-41
103
-3,6
-5,6
-1,4
-4,9
9,6
-0,1
6,1
3,9
7,7
6,7
-17,4
16,9
Unemployed
Long-term unemployment (1 year and more)
Short-term unemployment (less than 1 year)
4 244
2 866
1 378
4 526
3 069
1 457
4 470
3 032
1 437
4 667
3 132
1 535
4 501
3 059
1 442
-166
-73
-93
257
193
64
-3,6
-2,3
-6,1
6,1
6,7
4,6
16,2
67,5
17,1
67,8
16,9
67,8
17,1
67,1
16,9
68,0
-0,2
0,9
0,7
0,5
1 851
31
45
96
240
291
9
315
144
527
153
1 879
40
33
95
248
291
4
308
159
542
157
3
1 814
45
42
94
229
276
3
296
134
545
151
1
-65
5
9
-1
-19
-15
-1
-12
-25
3
-6
-2
30
0
3
0
11
14
-3
3
-20
33
-10
-3,5
12,5
27,3
-1,1
-7,7
-5,2
-25,0
-3,9
-15,7
0,6
-3,8
-66,7
1,7
0,0
7,7
0,0
5,0
5,3
-50,0
1,0
-13,0
6,4
-6,2
Long-term unemployment (%)
Proportion of the labour force
Proportion of the unemployed
Those who have worked in the past 5 years
Previous occupation
1 784
1 839
Manager
45
53
Professional
39
39
Technician
94
100
Clerk
218
235
Sales and services
262
270
Skilled agriculture
6
7
Craft and related trade
293
328
Plant and machine operator
154
147
Elementary
512
525
Domestic worker
161
137
Other
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
34
Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed - South Africa (concluded)
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
Qrt to
Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
-65
8
-11
-45
5
41
-14
-8
-29
5
-15
-2
30
13
0
-40
-1
54
-4
-6
13
7
-6
0
-3,5
9,4
-31,4
-17,6
83,3
15,2
-3,1
-8,3
-10,9
2,4
-7,2
-66,7
1,7
16,3
0,0
-15,9
-8,3
21,1
-0,9
-6,4
5,8
3,4
-3,0
0
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Previous industry
1 784
1 839
Agriculture
80
70
Mining
24
21
Manufacturing
251
266
Utilities
12
9
Construction
256
298
Trade
440
429
Transport
94
91
Finance
223
228
Community and social services
204
231
Private households
199
197
Other
1
.
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
1 851
86
35
258
5
297
432
85
233
221
199
.
1 879
85
35
256
6
269
450
96
265
206
208
3
1 814
93
24
211
11
310
436
88
236
211
193
1
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
35
Table 5: Characteristics of the not economically active - South Africa
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Year on year
change
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Percent
14 929
6 235
2 836
1 585
1 215
2 315
743
14 838
6 161
2 784
1 608
1 213
2 335
738
14 987
6 391
2 726
1 637
1 263
2 311
658
14 705
6 225
2 741
1 673
1 198
2 170
698
15 050
6 292
2 837
1 654
1 216
2 257
795
345
67
96
-19
18
87
97
121
57
1
69
1
-58
52
Inactivity rate by age (Both sexes)
15-24 yrs
25-54 yrs
55-64 yrs
45,7
75,1
27,8
58,6
45,3
73,9
27,7
59,3
45,5
75,8
27,1
60,0
44,5
74,3
26,4
58,8
45,4
75,3
27,4
59,0
0,9
1,0
1,0
0,2
-0,3
0,2
-0,4
0,4
Inactivity rate by age (Women)
15-24 yrs
25-54 yrs
55-64 yrs
52,1
77,3
36,6
66,8
51,5
76,4
36,1
67,3
52,1
78,2
36,1
67,6
51,2
76,5
35,3
68,8
52,0
77,4
36,2
68,1
0,8
0,9
0,9
-0,7
-0,1
0,1
-0,4
1,3
38,6
71,5
18,6
49,6
38,7
73,5
17,4
50,9
37,5
72,2
16,9
46,9
38,5
73,2
18,0
48,1
1,0
1,0
1,1
1,2
-0,4
0,2
-0,3
-0,6
Not economically active
Student
Home-maker
Illness/disability
Too old/young to work
Discouraged work seekers
Other
Inactivity rate by age (Men)
38,9
15-24 yrs
73,0
25-54 yrs
18,3
55-64 yrs
48,7
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
2,3
1,1
3,5
-1,1
1,5
4,0
13,9
Year on
year
change
Percent
0,8
0,9
0,0
4,4
0,1
-2,5
7,0
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
36
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics - South Africa
Year on
year
change
Thousand
Qrt to
Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
13 497
1 306
4 522
3 921
2 553
1 196
13 422
1 305
4 491
3 899
2 551
1 175
13 447
1 217
4 519
3 993
2 551
1 167
13 645
1 278
4 572
4 033
2 555
1 206
13 577
1 260
4 498
4 071
2 555
1 193
-68
-18
-74
38
0
-13
80
-46
-24
150
2
-3
-0,5
-1,4
-1,6
0,9
0,0
-1,1
0,6
-3,5
-0,5
3,8
0,1
-0,3
4 244
1 267
1 737
813
349
79
4 526
1 393
1 819
862
366
86
4 470
1 291
1 870
864
364
80
4 667
1 386
1 921
908
368
85
4 501
1 308
1 893
851
348
100
-166
-78
-28
-57
-20
15
257
41
156
38
-1
21
-3,6
-5,6
-1,5
-6,3
-5,4
17,6
6,1
3,2
9,0
4,7
-0,3
26,6
14 929
7 770
2 481
1 508
1 368
1 802
14 838
7 658
2 465
1 528
1 354
1 834
14 987
7 863
2 421
1 477
1 358
1 867
14 705
7 720
2 352
1 439
1 352
1 841
15 050
7 827
2 488
1 503
1 375
1 857
345
107
136
64
23
16
121
57
7
-5
7
55
2,3
1,4
5,8
4,4
1,7
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,3
-0,3
0,5
3,1
Highest level of education of the employed
13 497
No schooling
350
Less than primary completed
1 090
Primary completed
590
Secondary not completed
4 523
Secondary completed
4 032
Tertiary
2 732
Other
179
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
13 422
373
1 073
601
4 469
4 086
2 670
151
13 447
347
1 033
594
4 426
4 199
2 670
178
13 645
328
1 039
598
4 738
4 204
2 622
115
13 577
338
1 029
587
4 621
4 255
2 620
127
-68
10
-10
-11
-117
51
-2
12
80
-12
-61
-3
98
223
-112
-52
-0,5
3,0
-1,0
-1,8
-2,5
1,2
-0,1
10,4
0,6
-3,4
-5,6
-0,5
2,2
5,5
-4,1
-29,1
Age group of the employed
15-24 yrs
25-34 yrs
35-44 yrs
45-54 yrs
55-64 yrs
Age group of the unemployed
15-24 yrs
25-34 yrs
35-44 yrs
45-54 yrs
55-64 yrs
Age group of the not economically active
15-24 yrs
25-34 yrs
35-44 yrs
45-54 yrs
55-64 yrs
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
37
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics - South Africa (continued)
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
4 244
67
287
205
2 014
1 371
266
33
4 526
80
305
193
2 119
1 520
280
29
4 470
66
294
196
2 096
1 498
280
40
4 667
73
319
208
2 246
1 531
276
15
4 501
66
319
201
2 171
1 447
280
17
-166
-7
14 929
773
1 899
1 174
8 019
2 532
416
116
14 838
797
1 787
1 017
7 839
2 847
425
126
14 987
769
1 814
1 093
7 999
2 754
426
131
14 705
763
1 779
1 076
7 967
2 622
415
82
Employed
Attending educational institution
Not attending educational institution
-
-
-
Unemployed
Attending educational institution
Not attending educational institution
-
-
Not economically active
Attending educational institution
Not attending educational institution
-
-
Highest level of education of the unemployed
No schooling
Less than primary completed
Primary completed
Secondary not completed
Secondary completed
Tertiary
Other
Highest level of education of the not
economically active
No schooling
Less than primary completed
Primary completed
Secondary not completed
Secondary completed
Tertiary
Other
Year on
year
change
Thousand
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
-7
-75
-84
4
2
257
-1
32
-4
157
76
14
-16
-3,6
-9,6
0,0
-3,4
-3,3
-5,5
1,4
13,3
6,1
-1,5
11,1
-2,0
7,8
5,5
5,3
-48,5
15 050
796
1 806
1 073
8 249
2 584
446
97
345
33
27
-3
282
-38
31
15
121
23
-93
-101
230
52
30
-19
2,3
4,3
1,5
-0,3
3,5
-1,4
7,5
18,3
0,8
3,0
-4,9
-8,6
2,9
2,1
7,2
-16,4
13 645
351
13 294
13 577
306
13 271
-68
-45
-23
-
-0,5
-12,8
-0,2
-
-
4 667
103
4 564
4 501
91
4 409
-166
-12
-155
-
-3,6
-11,7
-3,4
-
-
14 705
6 057
8 648
15 050
6 053
8 997
345
-4
349
-
2,3
-0,1
4
-
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
38
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics - South Africa (continued)
Employed and attending by type of
educational institution
Ordinary school
Special school
Further education and training college (FET)
Other college
Higher education institution
Adult basic education and training centre(ABET
CENTRE)
Literacy classes (e.g KHA RI GUDE, SANLI)
Home based education or home schooling
Unemployed and attending by type of
educational institution
Ordinary school
Special school
Further education and training college (FET)
Other college
Higher education institution
Adult basic education and training centre(ABET
CENTRE)
Literacy classes (e.g KHA RI GUDE, SANLI)
Home based education or home schooling
Year on
year
change
Percent
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
-
-
-
351
-
-12,8
-
-
-
28
1
36
34
242
306
25
33
23
209
-45
-
-3
-3
-11
-33
-
-10,7
-8,3
-32,4
-13,6
-
-
-
-
5
2
1
13
8
1
0
-
160
0
-
-
-
-
103
47
1
13
10
19
91
31
1
21
8
25
-12
-16
0
8
-2
6
-
-11,7
-34
0
61,5
-20
31,6
-
-
-
-
10
-
6
-
-4
-
-
-40
-
-
-
6 057
4 962
42
294
116
560
6053
5066
39
266
107
506
-4
104
-3
-28
-9
-54
-
-0,1
2,1
-7,1
-9,5
-7,8
-9,6
-
-
35
4
6
30
4
1
-5
0
-5
-
-14,3
0
-83,3
-
Not economically active and attending by type
of educational institution
Ordinary school
Special school
Further education and training college (FET)
Other college
Higher education institution
Adult basic education and training centre(ABET
CENTRE)
Literacy classes (e.g KHA RI GUDE, SANLI)
Home based education or home schooling
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
39
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics - South Africa (concluded)
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
13 497
5 639
1 498
428
469
5 463
13 422
5 641
1 468
430
476
5 407
13 447
5 720
1 515
405
477
5 330
13 645
5 771
1 521
424
488
5 441
13 577
5 639
1 581
398
476
5 483
-68
-132
60
-26
-12
42
80
0
83
-30
7
20
-0,5
-2,3
3,9
-6,1
-2,5
0,8
0,6
0
5,5
-7,0
1,5
0,4
4 244
719
418
63
79
2 964
4 526
753
465
58
80
3 169
4 470
727
471
55
75
3 142
4 667
768
466
58
77
3 298
4 501
737
490
62
84
3 128
-166
-31
24
4
7
-170
257
18
72
-1
5
164
-3,6
-4,0
5,2
6,9
9,1
-5,2
6,1
2,5
17,2
-1,6
6,3
5,5
Current marital status of the not economically
active
14 929
Married
2 913
Living together like husband and wife
731
Widow/widower
659
Divorced or separated
246
Never married
10 380
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
14 838
2 957
712
641
253
10 276
14 987
2 934
714
640
242
10 456
14 705
2 948
674
640
230
10 214
15 050
2 974
724
638
222
10 492
345
26
50
-2
-8
278
121
61
-7
-21
-24
112
2,3
0,9
7,4
-0,3
-3,5
2,7
0,8
2,1
-1,0
-3,2
-9,8
1,1
Current marital status of the employed
Married
Living together like husband and wife
Widow/widower
Divorced or separated
Never married
Current marital status of the unemployed
Married
Living together like husband and wife
Widow/widower
Divorced or separated
Never married
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
40
Table 7: Profile of those not in education and not in employment - South Africa
Oct–Dec
2011
Thousand
Jan–Mar
2012
Thousand
Apr–Jun
2012
Thousand
Jul–Sep
2012
Thousand
Oct–Dec
2012
Thousand
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Year on year
change
Thousand
-
-
13 213
7 996
5 216
13 406
8 088
5 318
193
92
102
13 213
3 262
4 011
2 310
1 710
1 920
13 406
3 288
4 130
2 318
1 719
1 951
193
26
119
8
9
31
-
1,5
1,2
2
Age group
15-24 yrs
25-34 yrs
35-44 yrs
45-54 yrs
55-64 yrs
-
1,5
0,8
3
0,3
0,5
1,6
-
Population groups
Black/African
Coloured
Indian/Asian
White
-
-
-
13 213
10 963
1 202
337
710
13 406
11 125
1 197
344
740
193
162
-5
7
30
-
1,5
1,5
-0,4
2,1
4,2
-
South Africa
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
-
-
-
13 213
1 274
1 904
319
808
2 889
944
2 671
990
1 415
13 406
1 255
1 998
315
821
2 960
965
2 718
976
1 398
193
-19
94
-4
13
71
21
47
-14
-17
-
1,5
-1,5
4,9
-1,3
1,6
2,5
2,2
1,8
-1,4
-1,2
-
Both sexes
Women
Men
Qrt to Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year change
Percent
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
41
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
Qrt to
Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
1 792
3 949
80
209
38
5 102
1 144
646
3 312
275
-434
-19
-5
8
-169
7
-124
-52
-4
-195
-81
-121
-4
-50
-2
50
-99
18,1
-9,9
-19,2
-2,3
26,7
-3,2
0,6
-16,1
-1,5
-0,2
-4,7
-50,3
-36,7
-9,5
-1,0
-0,2
8,4
-2,9
18
29
2
3
3
53
28
10
16
12
29
1
4
1
46
18
9
20
-6
0
-1
1
-2
-7
-10
-1
4
-8
-7
-3
-5
-2
-10
-14
1
4
-33,3
0,0
-50,0
33,3
-66,7
-13,2
-35,7
-10,0
25,0
-40,0
-19,4
-75,0
-55,6
-66,7
-17,9
-43,8
12,5
25,0
392
1 071
6
73
.
1 317
259
145
912
415
1 001
4
30
1
1 325
268
158
899
23
-70
-2
-43
.
8
9
13
-13
-106
-2
-14
-88
-4
83
67
49
-34
5,9
-6,5
-33,3
-58,9
.
0,6
3,5
9,0
-1,4
-20,3
-0,2
-77,8
-74,6
-80,0
6,7
33,3
45,0
-3,6
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own home'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
1 796
4 144
161
330
42
5 152
1 146
596
3 411
2 077
4 292
189
321
46
5 540
1 211
675
3 654
1 526
4 046
96
341
33
4 903
1 005
615
3 283
1 517
4 383
99
214
30
5 271
1 137
770
3 364
Western Cape
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own home'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
20
36
4
9
3
56
32
8
16
30
41
1
6
1
74
38
16
20
12
31
.
2
8
51
25
12
15
Subsistence farming
521
523
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
1 003
1 024
Produce other goods for household use
18
22
Construction or major repairs to own or household'
118
104
Hunting or fishing for household use
5
6
Involvement in at least one activity
1 242
1 348
Employed
201
254
Unemployed
109
103
Not economically active
933
990
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
466
1 034
11
166
1
1 326
256
123
947
South Africa
Eastern Cape
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
42
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (continued)
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
Qrt to
Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
1
7
93
25
18
50
4
-31
-1
0
-1
-26
-7
-10
-8
7
16
0
0
6
24
13
4
6
50,0
-27,4
-100,0
0,0
-12,5
-21,8
-21,9
-35,7
-13,8
140,0
24,2
.
0,0
600,0
34,8
108,3
28,6
13,6
75
38
3
6
6
114
39
20
54
115
48
2
4
12
157
54
27
76
40
10
-1
-2
6
43
15
7
22
31
27
-1
-6
4
51
6
14
31
53,3
26,3
-33,3
-33,3
100,0
37,7
38,5
35,0
40,7
36,9
128,6
-33,3
-60,0
50,0
48,1
12,5
107,7
68,9
626
1 363
41
85
5
1 638
348
262
1 028
647
1 202
45
113
6
1 524
337
194
993
21
-161
4
28
1
-114
-11
-68
-35
-95
-67
-2
-20
-5
-81
-53
-15
-12
3,4
-11,8
9,8
32,9
20,0
-7,0
-3,2
-26,0
-3,4
-12,8
-5,3
-4,3
-15,0
-45,5
-5,0
-13,6
-7,2
-1,2
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
5
66
0
1
1
69
12
14
44
7
85
1
1
4
91
16
15
60
8
97
.
.
1
100
17
26
57
8
113
1
1
8
119
32
28
58
12
82
84
21
3
10
8
106
48
13
45
118
40
4
7
14
162
58
34
70
60
30
1
3
8
89
31
19
39
640
1 271
41
107
9
1 545
343
193
1 009
Northern Cape
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own home'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Free State
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own home'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
KwaZulu-Natal
Subsistence farming
742
853
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
1 269
1 350
Produce other goods for household use
47
66
Construction or major repairs to own home'
133
132
Hunting or fishing for household use
11
10
Involvement in at least one activity
1 605
1 754
Employed
390
398
Unemployed
209
236
Not economically active
1 005
1 121
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
43
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (continued)
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
Qrt to
Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
83
231
.
1
1
267
56
35
175
-17
-68
.
0
.
-83
-21
-28
-36
8
-1
.
0
1
-7
17
-6
-18
-17,0
-22,7
.
0,0
.
-23,7
-27,3
-44,4
-17,1
10,7
-0,4
.
0,0
.
-2,6
43,6
-14,6
-9,3
16
65
12
12
2
94
45
27
21
41
34
6
11
2
86
42
18
25
25
-31
-6
-1
0
-8
-3
-9
4
7
-7
-54
-1
-1
-50
-51
1
-1
156,3
-47,7
-50,0
-8,3
0,0
-8,5
-6,7
-33,3
19,0
20,6
-17,1
-90,0
-8,3
-33,3
-36,8
-54,8
5,9
-3,8
127
316
31
19
1
419
82
110
226
192
276
20
24
2
411
92
103
215
65
-40
-11
5
1
-8
10
-7
-11
57
19
-4
10
1
53
18
15
20
51,2
-12,7
-35,5
26,3
100,0
-1,9
12,2
-6,4
-4,9
42,2
7,4
-16,7
71,4
100,0
14,8
24,3
17,0
10,3
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
75
232
1
1
0
274
39
41
193
76
211
1
1
0
253
40
46
166
78
216
.
0
253
45
41
167
100
299
3
1
.
350
77
63
211
34
41
60
12
3
136
93
17
26
10
69
63
16
.
151
83
20
47
7
22
3
12
1
38
17
11
9
108
293
38
19
.
380
76
93
211
North West
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own home'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Gauteng
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own home'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Mpumalanga
Subsistence farming
135
158
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
257
305
Produce other goods for household use
24
30
Construction or major repairs to own home'
14
16
Hunting or fishing for household use
1
1
Involvement in at least one activity
358
409
Employed
74
93
Unemployed
88
97
Not economically active
195
219
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
44
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (concluded)
Thousand
Year on
year
change
Thousand
Qrt to
Qrt
change
Percent
Year on
year
change
Percent
119
-43
1
7
0
27
28
-20
20
94
-172
-2
-11
-4
-112
-3
-14
-94
76,8
-3,9
100,0
50,0
0,0
2,3
12,4
-19,4
2,4
52,2
-14,1
-50,0
-34,4
-44,4
-8,6
-1,2
-14,4
-9,9
Oct–Dec
2011
Jan–Mar
2012
Apr–Jun
2012
Jul–Sep
2012
Oct–Dec
2012
Qrt to Qrt
change
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
146
1 053
1
31
5
1 121
195
98
828
155
1 089
1
14
5
1 167
226
103
838
274
1 046
2
21
5
1 194
254
83
858
Limpopo
Subsistence farming
180
302
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
1 218
1 165
Produce other goods for household use
4
2
Construction or major repairs to own home'
32
37
Hunting or fishing for household use
9
11
Involvement in at least one activity
1 306
1 298
Employed
257
230
Unemployed
97
108
Not economically active
952
960
For all values of 10 000 or lower the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
45
Appendix 2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
Both sexes
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other(not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Women
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other(not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,5
0,7
1,0
2,3
5,8
3,2
1,8
0,6
3,1
0,7
0,6
0,7
1,0
2,3
6,0
3,5
2,0
0,7
3,0
0,7
-235
-68
-52
8
24
-48
-166
345
87
259
-413
-222
-218
-91
-29
-113
-328
167
-34
78
-56
86
114
107
78
15
-6
524
208
439
0,01
0,39
0,54
0,87
0,37
0,13
0,04
0,00
0,16
0,01
1,6
0,7
0,5
1,8
0,7
0,6
-0,6
-0,3
-0,9
-1,4
-0,8
-1,4
0,2
0,1
-0,4
0,13
0,15
0,00
0,8
1,0
1,5
3,2
8,6
3,3
2,2
0,8
3,4
0,9
0,9
1,0
1,4
3,3
7,5
3,4
2,4
0,8
3,3
0,9
-107
-55
-27
-17
6
-17
-52
154
55
99
-235
-159
-132
-77
-23
-70
-159
26
-27
-34
22
49
78
42
35
36
55
283
137
233
0,10
0,30
0,61
0,57
0,69
0,53
0,34
0,02
0,19
0,14
1,9
1,0
0,8
2,0
1,0
0,9
-0,3
-0,4
-0,8
-1,4
-1,0
-1,5
0,8
0,2
0,0
0,63
0,18
0,05
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
46
Appendix 2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex (concluded)
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
Men
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other(not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,5
0,8
1,1
2,9
5,9
6,5
2,3
0,9
3,8
0,9
0,6
0,8
1,2
3,0
6,5
7,6
2,4
0,9
4,0
1,0
-128
-13
-24
25
18
-32
-114
191
32
159
-232
-128
-147
-54
-24
-62
-221
87
-43
60
-23
102
98
104
60
-1
-8
295
106
259
0,02
0,82
0,69
0,53
0,39
0,04
0,04
0,00
0,40
0,00
2,2
0,8
0,5
2,3
0,8
0,6
-0,9
-0,3
-1,0
-1,9
-1,0
-1,7
0,1
0,4
-0,4
0,09
0,46
0,00
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
47
Appendix 2.1A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Black/African
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Coloured
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,5
0,7
1,8
0,6
0,6
0,7
2,0
0,7
-235
-68
-166
345
-413
-222
-328
167
-56
86
-6
524
0,01
0,39
0,04
0,00
1,6
0,7
0,5
1,8
0,7
0,6
-0,6
-0,3
-0,9
-1,4
-0,8
-1,4
0,2
0,1
-0,4
0,13
0,15
0,00
0,6
0,9
2,0
0,7
0,7
0,8
2,2
0,7
-200
-59
-141
308
-349
-195
-292
158
-50
77
11
457
0,01
0,39
0,07
0,00
1,8
0,9
0,6
1,9
0,8
0,7
-0,6
-0,4
-1,0
-1,6
-0,9
-1,6
0,4
0,1
-0,4
0,21
0,15
0,00
1,2
1,6
4,3
2,1
1,0
1,6
4,2
1,8
-18
7
-25
26
-66
-37
-62
-22
30
51
12
74
0,46
0,75
0,18
0,29
4,0
1,6
1,2
4,1
1,6
1,0
-1,0
0,1
-0,7
-2,7
-1,3
-2,3
0,6
1,5
0,8
0,21
0,88
0,35
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
48
Appendix 2.1A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group (concluded)
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
Indian/Asian
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption
Labour force participation rate
White
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
2,1
2,4
12,7
3,0
2,6
3,9
22,0
3,9
14
5
9
-10
-17
-29
-16
-41
45
39
34
21
0,37
0,78
0,47
0,52
12,1
2,4
2,1
21,4
3,9
2,6
1,3
0,4
1,2
-2,9
-3,3
-2,0
5,6
3,9
4,5
0,54
0,87
0,45
1,4
1,5
11,2
2,9
1,5
1,6
9,9
3,0
-31
-21
-9
22
-85
-69
-38
-32
23
27
18
76
0,26
0,39
0,49
0,42
11,0
1,5
1,4
9,6
1,6
1,5
-0,3
-0,5
-0,7
-1,7
-2,1
-2,6
0,9
1,1
1,0
0,56
0,53
0,36
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
49
Appendix 2.2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,5
0,7
1,8
0,6
3,1
0,7
0,6
0,7
2,0
0,7
3,0
0,7
-235
-68
-166
345
87
259
-413
-222
-328
167
-34
78
-56
86
-6
524
208
439
0,01
0,39
0,04
0,00
0,16
0,01
1,6
0,7
0,5
1,8
0,7
0,6
-0,6
-0,3
-0,9
-1,4
-0,8
-1,4
0,2
0,1
-0,4
0,13
0,15
0,00
0,9
1,6
3,9
1,9
21,0
2,0
1,1
1,6
3,5
2,3
20,4
2,5
-25
18
-42
38
1
37
-72
-33
-73
-9
-8
-9
23
70
-13
85
11
82
0,31
0,49
0,01
0,12
0,83
0,11
3,9
1,6
0,9
3,5
1,6
1,1
-1,5
0,4
-0,9
-2,8
-1,2
-2,3
-0,3
1,8
0,4
0,02
0,67
0,16
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
50
Appendix 2.2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
Eastern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Northern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
2,3
2,6
4,7
1,8
7,2
2,0
2,8
2,8
6,0
2,1
5,2
2,1
-73
-69
-3
81
82
-155
-121
-62
-1
20
-89
10
-17
56
164
144
88
0,09
0,01
0,91
0,05
0,01
0,99
3,9
2,6
2,3
4,4
2,8
2,8
1,0
-1,7
-1,8
-1,4
-2,9
-3,8
3,3
-0,5
0,2
0,41
0,01
0,07
2,1
2,9
4,0
2,7
13,2
2,6
2,0
2,9
6,9
2,6
15,6
2,2
-6
2
-8
9
-2
11
-28
-22
-25
-13
-11
-5
16
25
9
30
7
27
0,58
0,89
0,35
0,45
0,62
0,19
3,8
2,9
2,1
6,2
2,9
2,0
-1,6
0,2
-1,0
-5,5
-3,2
-4,0
2,5
3,4
2,0
0,46
0,95
0,50
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
51
Appendix 2.2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
Free State
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
KwaZulu-Natal
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
1,5
2,2
3,9
2,1
8,8
2,2
1,7
2,3
3,0
2,4
12,5
2,7
15
-4
17
-11
-5
-6
-32
-36
-14
-57
-28
-54
61
29
49
35
18
42
0,54
0,84
0,27
0,64
0,68
0,81
3,5
2,2
1,5
2,7
2,3
1,7
1,2
-0,3
0,6
-1,0
-2,0
-1,8
3,4
1,5
3,1
0,28
0,78
0,60
1,7
2,2
5,5
1,5
7,4
1,7
2,0
2,0
6,2
1,7
7,1
1,8
-3
-40
37
27
19
9
-89
-119
-37
-59
-40
-84
84
40
112
114
77
102
0,95
0,33
0,33
0,54
0,54
0,85
5,1
2,2
1,7
5,2
2,0
2,0
1,2
-0,7
-0,2
-0,9
-1,9
-1,5
3,2
0,5
1,1
0,26
0,23
0,75
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
52
Appendix 2.2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
North West
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
2,6
2,4
7,5
2,4
7,9
2,7
3,0
3,5
6,6
2,6
7,7
3,3
-21
2
-21
26
2
24
-73
-31
-59
-26
-35
-27
32
34
15
79
39
76
0,45
0,92
0,25
0,33
0,92
0,36
5,9
2,4
2,6
6,0
3,5
3,0
-1,7
0,0
-1,0
-4,6
-1,6
-3,7
1,1
1,6
1,4
0,24
0,98
0,39
1,0
1,5
3,8
2,4
11,7
2,5
1,1
1,5
4,3
2,4
10,9
2,4
-99
-16
-83
126
35
91
-209
-118
-189
15
-18
-9
12
86
24
236
87
192
0,08
0,76
0,13
0,03
0,19
0,08
3,6
1,5
1,0
4,0
1,5
1,1
-1,1
-0,4
-1,5
-2,8
-1,7
-2,9
0,7
0,9
-0,1
0,23
0,56
0,04
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
53
Appendix 2.2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (concluded)
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
Mpumalanga
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Limpopo
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
2,2
2,2
6,9
2,9
8,0
2,8
2,0
2,6
7,6
2,7
8,3
2,7
12
31
-19
-2
-17
15
-23
-9
-50
-37
-42
-21
47
70
13
33
8
51
0,51
0,12
0,24
0,91
0,17
0,40
5,4
2,2
2,2
6,5
2,6
2,0
-1,7
1,1
0,3
-3,9
-0,5
-1,2
0,6
2,8
1,8
0,14
0,18
0,73
2,7
3,3
6,1
1,9
5,6
2,2
3,3
4,0
8,4
2,1
7,8
2,4
-36
8
-44
51
-27
78
-85
-45
-80
3
-70
17
13
61
-8
100
17
140
0,15
0,77
0,02
0,04
0,23
0,01
5,7
3,3
2,7
8,1
4,0
3,3
-2,6
0,1
-1,2
-5,2
-1,5
-2,7
-0,1
1,6
0,2
0,04
0,91
0,09
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
54
Appendix 3.1A: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
Both sexes
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
0,7
5,8
7,3
2,8
10,0
3,2
2,2
4,3
3,0
2,1
3,2
0,7
6,0
9,4
2,8
10,8
3,1
2,1
4,8
2,9
2,1
3,5
-68
24
8
3
-7
15
-41
-18
-7
3
-48
-222
-29
-34
-84
-25
-58
-142
-84
-89
-91
-113
86
78
50
90
13
87
60
47
75
98
15
0,39
0,37
0,71
0,95
0,52
0,69
0,43
0,57
0,86
0,95
0,13
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
1,0
8,6
13,0
4,8
20,7
9,9
2,8
9,8
4,3
2,3
3,3
1,0
7,5
15,2
4,6
20,9
9,5
2,6
10,7
4,6
2,5
3,4
-55
6
2
-4
-5
14
16
-23
8
-54
-17
-159
-23
-12
-48
-12
-11
-59
-48
-41
-122
-70
49
35
16
40
3
38
91
2
58
15
36
0,30
0,69
0,75
0,86
0,24
0,28
0,68
0,07
0,74
0,12
0,53
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
0,8
5,9
7,8
3,1
10,1
3,3
2,9
4,5
3,4
3,1
6,5
0,8
6,5
9,4
3,1
12,0
3,2
2,8
4,6
3,0
3,0
7,6
-13
18
6
7
-2
1
-57
4
-15
57
-32
-128
-24
-30
-65
-19
-69
-142
-51
-74
-6
-62
102
60
42
79
16
71
28
60
42
120
-1
0,82
0,39
0,75
0,85
0,84
0,98
0,19
0,88
0,60
0,07
0,04
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
55
Appendix 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
South Africa
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
0,7
1,0
2,3
5,8
3,2
0,7
1,0
2,3
6,0
3,5
-68
-52
8
24
-48
-222
-218
-91
-29
-113
86
114
107
78
15
0,39
0,54
0,87
0,37
0,13
Western Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,6
2,2
8,0
10,8
8,3
1,6
2,3
7,8
11,5
9,1
18
22
14
6
-24
-33
-29
-11
-10
-36
70
73
38
23
-12
0,49
0,39
0,26
0,47
0,00
Eastern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,6
3,7
6,9
21,3
10,5
2,8
3,7
5,9
12,8
9,6
-69
-38
-39
0
7
-121
-90
-68
-15
-10
-17
14
-10
16
25
0,01
0,15
0,01
0,94
0,40
Northern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,9
4,1
8,8
6,6
18,3
2,9
5,8
11,3
10,6
12,4
2
-6
1
4
4
-22
-32
-7
-8
-4
25
18
9
15
12
0,89
0,59
0,79
0,55
0,34
Free State
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,2
3,1
7,3
18,9
7,4
2,3
3,4
7,5
11,4
7,9
-4
1
7
-5
-5
-36
-26
-11
-23
-16
29
28
25
12
5
0,84
0,94
0,47
0,55
0,27
KwaZulu-Natal
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,2
2,9
5,3
19,6
7,3
2,0
2,6
4,7
17,3
9,2
-40
-23
-22
10
-5
-119
-95
-73
-7
-34
40
49
28
28
25
0,33
0,53
0,38
0,24
0,76
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
56
Appendix 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (concluded)
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
North West
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,4
3,1
8,3
20,8
10,3
3,5
4,0
7,7
23,2
13,0
2
25
1
-3
-21
-31
-5
-16
-10
-32
34
55
16
3
-9
0,92
0,10
0,98
0,35
0,00
Gauteng
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,5
2,1
4,8
26,6
8,3
1,5
2,3
5,6
36,7
8,3
-16
-48
36
-4
-118
-169
-26
-22
-46
86
72
98
14
47
0,76
0,43
0,26
0,67
0,98
Mpumalanga
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,2
3,0
6,9
11,1
10,4
2,6
2,8
7,2
10,3
9,8
31
-7
29
8
-9
-42
6
-17
-12
70
29
52
34
12
0,12
0,71
0,01
0,52
0,99
Limpopo
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,3
4,1
6,3
16,9
7,6
4,0
6,7
6,5
21,7
9,4
8
23
-17
8
-6
-45
-29
-48
-16
-19
61
75
13
32
7
0,77
0,38
0,26
0,52
0,39
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
57
Appendix 3.5A: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation
Jul–Sep
2012 CV
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
Both sexes
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,7
3,8
4,1
2,9
2,9
2,6
14,1
2,5
3,2
2,0
3,3
0,7
4,1
4,3
2,7
2,8
2,7
11,3
2,6
3,5
1,9
3,3
-68
-60
7
-20
53
-66
-7
-2
-11
52
-15
-222
-132
-49
-109
-28
-159
-26
-82
-82
-50
-66
86
13
64
69
135
27
11
77
59
155
38
0,39
0,11
0,80
0,66
0,20
0,17
0,42
0,95
0,75
0,32
0,59
Women
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
1,0
5,7
6,4
3,3
3,4
3,2
23,8
7,0
9,2
2,7
3,3
1,0
6,8
5,6
3,4
3,3
3,3
18,4
6,8
9,1
2,8
3,5
-55
-16
2
-30
45
-60
2
21
-8
-2
-9
-159
-60
-34
-97
-22
-121
-10
-5
-36
-70
-61
49
28
39
36
112
1
14
46
20
66
43
0,30
0,47
0,89
0,37
0,19
0,05
0,70
0,11
0,57
0,95
0,73
Men
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,8
4,3
5,0
4,1
5,1
3,7
16,1
2,6
3,3
2,5
16,9
0,8
4,1
5,7
3,7
4,5
3,6
13,7
2,8
3,5
2,8
16,2
-13
-44
5
11
8
-6
-10
-23
-3
54
-6
-128
-100
-43
-42
-35
-73
-22
-99
-68
-29
-18
102
13
53
63
51
61
2
52
62
138
8
0,82
0,13
0,84
0,69
0,72
0,86
0,12
0,54
0,92
0,20
0,44
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
58
Appendix 2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
Both sexes
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other(not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Women
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other(not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,5
0,7
1,0
2,5
6,9
3,2
1,9
0,6
2,8
0,6
0,6
0,7
1,0
2,3
6,0
3,5
2,0
0,7
3,0
0,7
337
80
-5
71
55
-42
257
121
-58
180
94
-151
-243
-63
-5
-136
49
-122
-219
-45
580
311
234
206
115
52
464
364
102
405
0,01
0,50
0,97
0,30
0,07
0,38
0,02
0,33
0,47
0,12
1,7
0,7
0,5
1,8
0,7
0,6
1,0
-0,3
0,3
-0,1
-1,0
-0,5
2,0
0,4
1,0
0,07
0,36
0,48
0,8
1,0
1,4
3,4
8,6
3,2
2,4
0,7
3,4
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,4
3,3
7,5
3,4
2,4
0,8
3,3
0,9
114
-35
-38
0
29
-26
150
83
-13
96
-53
-190
-183
-77
-9
-101
17
-83
-116
-61
281
119
107
78
66
48
282
251
91
253
0,18
0,65
0,61
1,00
0,13
0,49
0,03
0,33
0,82
0,23
2,1
1,0
0,8
2,0
1,0
0,9
1,4
-0,6
0,1
0,0
-1,5
-0,9
2,9
0,3
1,1
0,05
0,18
0,82
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
59
Appendix 2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex (concluded)
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
Men
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other(not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,6
0,8
1,1
3,2
7,6
6,1
2,4
0,9
3,5
1,0
0,6
0,8
1,2
3,0
6,5
7,6
2,4
0,9
4,0
1,0
222
116
34
71
26
-15
107
38
-46
84
75
-41
-130
-36
-23
-58
-28
-109
-142
-52
370
272
197
179
77
26
242
185
50
219
0,00
0,15
0,69
0,19
0,30
0,46
0,12
0,61
0,35
0,23
2,3
0,8
0,6
2,3
0,8
0,6
0,6
0,0
0,4
-0,7
-1,0
-0,5
1,9
0,9
1,3
0,37
0,92
0,40
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
60
Appendix 2.1B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption )
Labour force participation rate
Black/African
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Coloured
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,5
0,7
1,9
0,6
0,6
0,7
2,0
0,7
337
80
257
121
94
-151
49
-122
580
311
464
364
0,01
0,50
0,02
0,33
1,7
0,7
0,5
1,8
0,7
0,6
1,0
-0,3
0,3
-0,1
-1,0
-0,5
2,0
0,4
1,0
0,07
0,36
0,48
0,7
0,9
2,1
0,7
0,7
0,8
2,2
0,7
343
141
203
101
134
-55
6
-108
552
336
400
310
0,00
0,16
0,04
0,34
1,9
0,9
0,7
1,9
0,8
0,7
0,8
-0,1
0,5
-0,5
-0,9
-0,4
2,1
0,7
1,3
0,23
0,81
0,29
1,1
1,5
5,0
1,9
1,0
1,6
4,2
1,8
35
-19
54
-3
-16
-83
7
-53
86
45
102
49
0,18
0,55
0,02
0,93
4,7
1,5
1,1
4,1
1,6
1,0
2,4
-1,2
0,5
0,0
-3,3
-1,2
4,8
0,9
2,1
0,05
0,28
0,59
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
61
Appendix 2.1B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group (concluded)
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
Indian/Asian
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
White
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,5
3,4
18,1
3,3
2,6
3,9
22,0
3,9
37
9
29
-21
-9
-43
-1
-67
83
61
58
25
0,11
0,74
0,06
0,37
18,5
3,4
2,5
21,4
3,9
2,6
4,5
0,1
2,9
-0,8
-5,5
-2,0
9,6
5,5
7,8
0,09
0,99
0,24
1,3
1,5
10,1
2,7
1,5
1,6
9,9
3,0
-78
-50
-29
44
-155
-123
-59
-33
-2
23
1
120
0,05
0,18
0,06
0,26
10,1
1,5
1,3
9,6
1,6
1,5
-1,1
-1,0
-1,8
-2,6
-3,3
-4,3
0,2
1,5
0,7
0,10
0,46
0,16
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
62
Appendix 2.2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,5
0,7
1,9
0,6
2,8
0,6
0,6
0,7
2,0
0,7
3,0
0,7
337
80
257
121
-58
180
94
-151
49
-122
-219
-45
580
311
464
364
102
405
0,01
0,50
0,02
0,33
0,47
0,12
1,7
0,7
0,5
1,8
0,7
0,6
1,0
-0,3
0,3
-0,1
-1,0
-0,5
2,0
0,4
1,0
0,07
0,36
0,48
1,0
1,6
4,0
2,1
16,8
2,1
1,1
1,6
3,5
2,3
20,4
2,5
47
-18
66
6
-16
22
-19
-95
12
-60
-32
-45
114
58
121
73
0
89
0,16
0,63
0,02
0,85
0,06
0,52
4,0
1,6
1,0
3,5
1,6
1,1
2,3
-1,3
0,4
0,1
-3,6
-1,6
4,6
0,9
2,2
0,04
0,23
0,75
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
63
Appendix 2.2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
Eastern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Northern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,7
2,7
8,0
2,0
8,1
2,1
2,8
2,8
6,0
2,1
5,2
2,1
-24
-65
42
67
125
-59
-130
-163
-37
-40
71
-164
83
32
120
173
180
45
0,67
0,19
0,30
0,22
0,00
0,27
6,5
2,7
2,7
4,4
2,8
2,8
2,7
-1,8
-1,0
-1,2
-4,2
-3,5
6,5
0,5
1,5
0,17
0,12
0,44
2,3
3,4
8,0
2,8
11,1
3,3
2,0
2,9
6,9
2,6
15,6
2,2
11
1
10
-2
-11
9
-11
-20
-10
-24
-21
-14
33
22
30
20
0
31
0,32
0,93
0,33
0,84
0,04
0,45
7,4
3,4
2,3
6,2
2,9
2,0
1,7
-0,3
0,8
-2,8
-3,3
-2,2
6,3
2,6
3,8
0,45
0,81
0,58
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
64
Appendix 2.2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
Free State
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
KwaZulu-Natal
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,8
2,0
4,1
2,3
16,3
2,5
1,7
2,3
3,0
2,4
12,5
2,7
29
-21
49
-15
-5
-10
-14
-64
20
-57
-39
-52
71
22
79
28
29
32
0,19
0,34
0,00
0,51
0,79
0,65
3,3
2,0
1,8
2,7
2,3
1,7
3,8
-1,4
1,1
1,1
-3,7
-1,2
6,4
0,9
3,3
0,01
0,23
0,35
1,7
1,7
5,3
1,4
5,2
1,7
2,0
2,0
6,2
1,7
7,1
1,8
39
-69
108
64
42
22
-93
-180
13
-69
-50
-105
172
43
203
196
134
149
0,56
0,23
0,03
0,35
0,37
0,73
4,6
1,7
1,7
5,2
2,0
2,0
3,2
-1,6
-0,1
0,6
-3,2
-2,1
5,7
0,1
1,8
0,02
0,06
0,90
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
65
Appendix 2.2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
North West
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,7
2,7
7,2
2,2
5,7
2,6
3,0
3,5
6,6
2,6
7,7
3,3
45
47
-1
-21
-63
42
-11
-9
-41
-78
-107
-20
102
103
38
36
-20
105
0,12
0,10
0,94
0,46
0,00
0,19
5,8
2,7
2,7
6,0
3,5
3,0
-1,3
1,8
1,7
-5,1
-0,9
-1,1
2,5
4,6
4,4
0,51
0,18
0,24
1,0
1,2
3,7
2,2
10,4
2,0
1,1
1,5
4,3
2,4
10,9
2,4
-16
63
-80
123
-15
138
-162
-78
-212
-23
-86
20
130
204
54
269
56
255
0,83
0,38
0,24
0,10
0,68
0,02
3,3
1,2
1,0
4,0
1,5
1,1
-1,4
0,1
-1,1
-3,6
-1,7
-3,0
0,8
1,9
0,7
0,22
0,92
0,23
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
66
Appendix 2.2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (concluded)
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
Mpumalanga
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Limpopo
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,7
2,3
5,8
2,0
7,8
2,7
2,0
2,6
7,6
2,7
8,3
2,7
80
36
45
-40
-6
-34
22
-20
-14
-99
-47
-94
139
91
104
18
35
26
0,01
0,20
0,14
0,18
0,78
0,26
5,2
2,3
1,7
6,5
2,6
2,0
1,7
0,9
2,5
-2,2
-1,5
0,0
5,5
3,2
4,9
0,40
0,48
0,05
3,0
3,8
7,9
1,7
6,7
2,1
3,3
4,0
8,4
2,1
7,8
2,4
124
107
17
-60
-111
51
39
21
-30
-144
-178
-47
208
192
64
25
-43
149
0,00
0,02
0,48
0,17
0,00
0,31
7,7
3,8
3,0
8,1
4,0
3,3
-0,6
2,5
3,0
-4,1
0,0
0,4
3,0
5,1
5,4
0,75
0,05
0,02
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
67
Appendix 3.1B: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
Both sexes
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
0,7
6,9
9,9
2,8
10,6
3,7
2,2
3,9
2,8
2,1
3,2
0,7
6,0
9,4
2,8
10,8
3,1
2,1
4,8
2,9
2,1
3,5
80
55
30
-59
17
4
-139
28
65
126
-42
-151
-5
-37
-193
-7
-92
-301
-70
-64
-43
-136
311
115
97
74
42
100
22
125
194
296
52
0,50
0,07
0,38
0,38
0,15
0,93
0,09
0,58
0,32
0,14
0,38
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
1,0
8,6
16,3
4,7
32,6
8,5
2,7
7,6
3,8
2,4
3,2
1,0
7,5
15,2
4,6
20,9
9,5
2,6
10,7
4,6
2,5
3,4
-35
29
15
-24
8
23
-55
-25
4
15
-26
-190
-9
-1
-91
-4
-10
-158
-64
-82
-100
-101
119
66
32
44
20
56
48
15
91
130
48
0,65
0,13
0,07
0,49
0,17
0,18
0,30
0,22
0,93
0,80
0,49
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
0,8
7,6
10,1
3,0
12,7
3,9
2,9
4,2
3,6
2,8
6,1
0,8
6,5
9,4
3,1
12,0
3,2
2,8
4,6
3,0
3,0
7,6
116
26
14
-35
9
-19
-85
52
61
111
-15
-41
-23
-46
-134
-13
-110
-197
-27
-24
18
-58
272
77
75
63
32
73
27
130
145
205
26
0,15
0,30
0,64
0,48
0,40
0,69
0,14
0,20
0,16
0,02
0,46
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
68
Appendix 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
South Africa
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
0,7
1,0
2,5
6,9
3,2
0,7
1,0
2,3
6,0
3,5
80
-5
71
55
-42
-151
-243
-63
-5
-136
311
234
206
115
52
0,50
0,97
0,30
0,07
0,38
Western Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,6
2,2
8,5
11,8
7,2
1,6
2,3
7,8
11,5
9,1
-18
-33
1
35
-22
-95
-111
-36
13
-40
58
46
39
56
-4
0,63
0,41
0,93
0,00
0,02
Eastern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,7
3,6
6,4
20,1
12,8
2,8
3,7
5,9
12,8
9,6
-65
-73
5
-4
6
-163
-152
-34
-29
-28
32
6
43
22
41
0,19
0,07
0,81
0,79
0,72
Northern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,4
5,5
13,8
10,7
13,8
2,9
5,8
11,3
10,6
12,4
1
2
4
-6
2
-20
-23
-5
-18
-10
22
27
13
5
13
0,93
0,88
0,40
0,29
0,81
Free State
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,0
2,7
7,0
9,1
8,7
2,3
3,4
7,5
11,4
7,9
-21
-22
-5
1
6
-64
-62
-30
-19
-12
22
17
21
20
23
0,34
0,27
0,72
0,95
0,55
KwaZulu-Natal
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,7
2,9
6,0
18,1
8,2
2,0
2,6
4,7
17,3
9,2
-69
34
-123
4
16
-180
-78
-189
-19
-27
43
147
-57
27
60
0,23
0,54
0,00
0,74
0,46
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
69
Appendix 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (concluded)
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
North West
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,7
3,7
8,8
21,5
11,6
3,5
4,0
7,7
23,2
13,0
47
41
18
-2
-9
-9
-10
-7
-9
-26
103
91
42
4
9
0,10
0,12
0,15
0,52
0,32
Gauteng
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,2
1,8
5,6
29,9
6,7
1,5
2,3
5,6
36,7
8,3
63
36
92
-19
-45
-78
-126
12
-40
-108
204
197
172
2
18
0,38
0,67
0,03
0,08
0,16
Mpumalanga
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,3
3,9
6,0
13,0
9,3
2,6
2,8
7,2
10,3
9,8
36
-8
31
20
-7
-20
-52
-2
3
-30
91
35
64
37
16
0,20
0,71
0,07
0,02
0,55
Limpopo
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,8
4,5
6,1
30,6
10,6
4,0
6,7
6,5
21,7
9,4
107
19
49
27
12
21
-50
1
0
-9
192
88
97
53
33
0,02
0,59
0,05
0,05
0,28
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012
70
Appendix 3.5B: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation
Oct–Dec
2011 CV
Oct–Dec
2012 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
Both sexes
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,7
3,1
4,5
2,7
2,5
2,3
12,2
2,7
3,0
2,1
3,3
0,7
4,1
4,3
2,7
2,8
2,7
11,3
2,6
3,5
1,9
3,3
80
-55
60
5
-80
36
-7
23
13
101
-17
-151
-167
-20
-96
-189
-98
-27
-94
-87
-45
-94
311
57
141
106
30
169
13
138
114
247
60
0,50
0,34
0,14
0,92
0,15
0,60
0,48
0,71
0,79
0,17
0,67
Women
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
1,0
5,7
5,6
3,6
3,0
3,1
22,3
7,2
8,3
2,9
3,3
1,0
6,8
5,6
3,4
3,3
3,3
18,4
6,8
9,1
2,8
3,5
-35
-10
2
-9
-51
23
3
3
-18
36
-15
-190
-74
-48
-88
-141
-51
-10
-32
-52
-57
-90
119
53
53
69
40
98
16
39
15
129
60
0,65
0,75
0,93
0,82
0,27
0,54
0,62
0,86
0,28
0,45
0,70
Men
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,8
3,7
5,2
3,8
4,3
3,1
12,7
2,8
3,3
2,8
17,4
0,8
4,1
5,7
3,7
4,5
3,6
13,7
2,8
3,5
2,8
16,2
116
-45
58
15
-29
11
-10
19
32
65
-2
-41
-127
3
-52
-80
-87
-24
-89
-61
-57
-18
272
38
114
82
22
111
3
128
124
187
14
0,15
0,29
0,04
0,67
0,27
0,81
0,14
0,73
0,50
0,29
0,83
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2012