Download Muscle/Tendon/Ligament List

Muscle/Tendon/Ligament List
General
Location
Name
Neck
Brachiocephalicus
Neck
Obliquus Capitis
Cranialis
Raynor page
Grönberg Higgins
reference
page
page
unless noted
reference reference otherwise
120-1,144
84
38, 39
Origin or
Attachment
55 temporal bone
Ventral surface of
NA Wyche p109
wing of atlas
Innervation
Action
humerus
two parts:
ventral branch
of accessory
nerve and
axillary nerve
To move head and neck to the
side. When head and neck are
fixed, it's the primary forward
mover of the foreleg. Extends
shoulder and raises and pulls
shoulder forward.
Nuchal crest of
occipital bone,
mastoid process of
temporal bone
Bilateral action: extends the
Dorsal branch of
head. Unilateral action: flexes
cervical nerve 1
head laterally
occipital bone
Elevates head, flexes head,
bends head laterally depending
cervical nerve 1
on which part of the muscle
group is active.
Neck
Rectus Capitus group
83
Neck
Longissimus capitis
86
63 C 3-7, T 1-2
Mastoid process of
temporal bone
Dorsal branches Bilateral Action: Elevates head
of cervical
and neck. Unilateral action:
nerves
bends head laterally.
Neck
Longissimus atlantus
86
63 C 3-7, T 1-2
Wing of atlas
Dorsal branches Bilateral Action: flexes neck.
of cervical
Unilateral action: bends neck
nerves
laterally.
85
38, 42, 64
Nuchal ligament,
thoracolumbar fascia,
57
spinous processes of T
3-5
Nuchal crest of
occipital bone,
mastoid process of
temporal bone,
transverse processes
of C 3-5
Bilateral action: extends neck
Dorsal branches
and elevates head. Unilateral
of cervical
action: flexes head and neck
nerves
laterally.
60,61
58
45
44
various locations
63
along spinal column
Neck
Splenius
Neck/Thoraci
Nuchal/Supraspinous
ligament
Longissimus group
Neck/Thoraci (cervical, thoracic,
lumbar)
Level One Equine Anatomy Section 3 Introduction
Avalon Performance Horse and Rider Support
98-9
NA Wyche p109 atlas and axis
Insertion or
Attachment
Nuchal: occiput,
Nuchal: withers,
n/a
Supraspinous: withers Supraspinous: sacrum
various locations
along spinal column
Acts as a suspension bridge
along the topline
Extends back and neck,
Dorsal branches stabilizes vertebral column.
of spinal nerves Acting singularly it flexes the
spine laterally.
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Muscle/Tendon/Ligament List
General
Location
Name
Raynor page
Grönberg Higgins
reference
page
page
unless noted
reference reference otherwise
Ventral Serrated
Neck/Thoraci group (thoracic and
cervical)
Neck/Thoraci Trapezius
125
123
46
55, 57
Serrated surface of
Transverse processes
scapula, scapular
of C 3-7
cartilage
Innervation
Action
Ventral
branches of
cervical nerves
Part of thoracic sling. Raises
neck when limb is fixed, (aids
in inspiration).
55
Radial tuberosity,
medial collateral
Extends shoulder joint, flexes
ligament of elbow
Musculocutaneo
59 Supraglenoid tubercle
elbow joint, supports shoulder
joint, and radial carpal us nerve
joint cranially.
extensor muscle via
lacertus fibrosus
Biceps Brachii
135
61
Forelimb
Deltoid
129
38-9
55
Forelimb
Extensor Carpi Radialis
136
39, 44, 61
59
Forelimb
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
142
NA
Forelimb
Infraspinatus
129
37, 44
Forelimb
Supraspinatus
128
61
Forelimb
Triceps Brachii group
133
61
Avalon Performance Horse and Rider Support
Insertion or
Attachment
Cervical part draws scapula
cranially and abducts it.
Nuchal ligament, and 1. Spine of scapula 2.
Dorsal branch of
55 supraspinous ligament Proximal third of spine
Thoracic part draws scapula
accessory nerve
caudally and abducts it. Entire
of C 2- T 10
of scapula
muscle elevates the shoulder.
Forelimb
Level One Equine Anatomy Section 3 Introduction
Origin or
Attachment
Caudal border of spine Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
of scapula
Axillary nerve
Proximodorsal surface
Lateral supracondylar
of third metacarpal
Radial nerve
crest of humerus
bone
1. Medial epicondyle
59 of humerus 2. Ulna,
Accessory carpal bone Ulnar nerve
medial olecranon
57
Extends carpus and flexes
elbow joint
Flexes carpus
Suprascapular
nerve
Flexes shoulder joint and
supports it laterally. Abducts
the forearm.
Greater and lesser
tubercle of humerus
Suprascapular
nerve
Extends and supports shoulder
joint
Ulna, olecranon
Radial nerve
Flexes shoulder joint and
extends elbow joint
Infraspinous fossa and Greater tubercle of
spine of scapula
humerus
Supraspinous fossa
and spine of scapula
Medial surface of
57 middle third of
humerus
57
Flexes shoulder joint and
abducts the forearm
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Muscle/Tendon/Ligament List
General
Location
Lower Limbs
Name
Raynor page
Grönberg Higgins
reference
page
page
unless noted
reference reference otherwise
Deep digital flexor
muscle and tendon
Superficial digital
Lower Limbs flexor muscle and
tendon
Suspensory Ligament
Lower Limbs (also called
interosseus muscle)
120, 166
120, 140
56, 61-2
56, 61-2
Origin or
Attachment
1. Medial epicondyle
of humerus 2. Ulna,
59, 69 medial olecranon 3.
Caudal surface of
middle of radius.
Caudal surface of
radius below its
middle (check
69
ligament). Medial
epicondyle of
humerus.
74
59
top back of cannon
10
bone
Thoracic
Internal and External
09, 112, 114
Intercostals
38
59 Refer to book
Thoracic
Latissimus Dorsi
124
38-9, 44
Thoracic
Pectoral group
Thoracic
Rhomboideus
Abdomen
Adbominal group
Level One Equine Anatomy Section 3 Introduction
Avalon Performance Horse and Rider Support
126-7
45-6
123
37, 42
115
45
55, 64 Thoracolumbar fascia
65, 67
Numerous, refer to
book
Nuchal ligament,
59 dorsoscapular
ligament
Insertion or
Attachment
Flexor tuberosity of
distal phalanx
Innervation
Action
Ulnar and
median nerves
Flexes digit and carpus
Extremity of proximal
phalanx. Proximal
Ulnar nerve
extremity of middle
phalanx.
Flexes digit and carpus
four branches attach
to: sesamoid bones
and common digital
extensor tendon
n/a
Support and stabilize the
fetlock
Refer to book
Refer to book
Aid in inspiration and
expiration
Humerus, teres major Thoracodorsal
tuberosity
nerve
Flexes shoulder joint and draws
humerus inwards
Numerous, refer to
book
Part of thoracic sling.
Superficial and transverse
pectoral: attaches limb to
Numerous, refer trunk, adducts and advances
forelimb. Deep pectoral:
to book
supports trunk, adducts limb
and draws it caudally, stabilizes
shoulder joint.
Scapular cartilage
Ventral
Adducts and draws shoulder
branches of 6-7
dorsally and elevates neck
cervical nerves
Ventral
various locations, see various locations, see branches of
61, 63
book
book
intercostal and
lumbar nerves
Supports abdominal viscera,
aids in defecation and
parturition, aids in expiration
and flexes back, pulls pelvis
closer to sternum
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Muscle/Tendon/Ligament List
General
Location
Name
Hindlimb
Sacrotuberal Ligament
Raynor page
Grönberg Higgins
reference
page
page
unless noted
reference reference otherwise
Masterson
p109, Wyche Sacrum
p24, 114
Hindlimb
Biceps Femoris
154 38-9, 42, 44
Hindlimb
Gastrocnemius group
163
Hindlimb
Gluteal group
Hindlimb
Gracilis
Hindlimb
Long Digital Extensor
Level One Equine Anatomy Section 3 Introduction
Avalon Performance Horse and Rider Support
Origin or
Attachment
37
Vertebral part:
spinous and
transverse processes
of Cd 3-5, broad
55
sacrotuberous
ligament, caudal
fascia. Pelvic part:
ischial tuberosity
Lateral and medial
57 supracondylar
tuberosities of femur
Lumbar part of
longissimus dorsi
muscle, gluteal
surface of ilium,
55, 57
sacrum, sacroiliac,
ligament, broad
sacrotuberous
ligament
Insertion or
Attachment
Innervation
Ischium of pelvis
Structural support for hind-end
Patella, intermediate
and lateral patellar
ligaments. Cranial
Caudal gluteal
border of tibia, crural
nerve and tibial
fascia, common
nerve
calcaneal tendon, and
tuberosity of
calcaneus
Part of hamstrings. Cranial
part: extends hip and stifle
joints, abducts limb. Caudal
part: flexes stifle and abducts
limb, extends tarsal joint
Tuberosity of
calcaneus
Tibial nerve
Flexes stifle joint and extends
tarsal joint
Greater trochanter
Cranial gluteal
nerve
Extends hip and abducts the
hindlimb
149-150
37
156
39
57
38
Primarily extensor
process of distal
Lateral condyle of
phalanx. Secondarily
55
Peroneal nerve
femur, extensor fossa extensor processes of
middle and proximal
phalanx
162
Pelvic symphysis,
symphysial tendon
Action
Crural fascia, medial
patellar ligament,
Obturator nerve Adducts the hindlimb
cranial border of tibia
Extends digit and flexes tarsal
joint
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Muscle/Tendon/Ligament List
General
Location
Hindlimb
Hindlimb
Hindlimb
Hindlimb
Hindlimb
Name
Raynor page
Grönberg Higgins
reference
page
page
unless noted
reference reference otherwise
Quadriceps group
(rectus femoris and
vastus lateralis,
medialis, intermedius)
Semitendinosis
Tensor fascia latae
Psoas group
Semimembranosus
159
155
158
148
156
Book references:
Grönberg, ABC of the Horse Atlas, 2011
Masterson, Beyond Horse Massage, 2011
Raynor, The Horse Anatomy Workbook, 2006
Wyche, The Horse's Muscles in Motion, 2002
Level One Equine Anatomy Section 3 Introduction
Avalon Performance Horse and Rider Support
Origin or
Attachment
Insertion or
Attachment
Innervation
Action
37, 43
Attaches on patella by
tendon of quadriceps
Rectus femoris: ilium.
and continues as
57 Vastus lateralis:
Femoral nerve
intermediate patellar
femur.
ligament attaching on
tibia.
Rectus femoris: flexes hip,
extends stifle, stabilizes patella.
Vastus lateralis: extends stifle,
stabilizes patella.
39, 44
Vertebral part: last
sacral vertebra,
transverse processes
of Cd 1-2, caudal
59 fascia, broad
sacrotuberous
ligament. Pelvic part:
ventral part of ischial
tuberosity
Cranial border of tibia,
crural fascia, with
tarsal ligament to
tuberosity of
calcaneus
Nervus
ischiadicus
caudal gluteal
nerve
Part of hamstrings. During
weight-bearing, extends hip,
stifle, and tarsal joints. When
limb is not burdened, flexes
stifle joint, draws limb
backward and rotates it inward
55 Tuber coxae
Fascia lata of patella,
lateral patellar
ligament. Cranial
Cranial gluteal
border of tibia, third
nerve
trochanter (together
with superficial gluteal
muscle).
Flexes hip, extends stifle,
tenses fascia lata of femur and
draws limb forward
Ventral
branches of
intercostal and
lumbar nerves
Flexes hip, draws limb forward,
and rotates thigh outward
38, 43
45
39
Ribs 17-18, ventral
surface of bodies and
59
Lesser trochanter
transverse processes
of lumbar vertebrae
59
Multiple origins see
text
Medial condyles of
femur and tibia
Part of hamstrings. During
weight-bearing, extends hip
Tibial nerve and
and adducts the limb. When
caudal gluteal
limb is not burdened, adducts
nerve
and draws limb backward and
rotates it inward.
Notes:
1. Muscle, tendon and ligament names vary between anatomical books, but will be generally similar
2. Many muscles are actually groups of muscles with different origin or insertion points
3. There are muscle groups like serratus and longissimus that occur in different locations
along the spinal column with words like cervical or thoracic included in the name to distinguish location.
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