Download History of Canada - Riverside Secondary School

1497 – “NEW FOUND LAND” IS DISCOVERED AND CLAIMED FOR
ENGLAND
• John Cabot— A Italian sailor, explorer.
He sailed to look for a short route to the
far east and for the British king. He
didn’t arrive in far east, but he thought
he did. He found the land what is
known as newfoundland in Canada, but
he thought he arrived Asia. He reported
to the English king, he found a new
land, fish and resources. He granted a
charter to conquer and occupy new
lands and to have a monopoly one trade.
Voyages reached newfoundland,
establishing English claim. More and
more Europeans came to the area to
look for riches.
Important to Canada: this event
pushed so many English and other Europeans
came for resources, and riches. Because John
Cabot worked for English King, so this land
became English colony, English had a
monopoly on trade, so there were some British
started a company, Hudson's Bay, it still opens
today. The area became British North America
for a long time , the Canada is royal to Britain
for a long time, the Britain can control
something about Canada even today.
1534 – JACQUES CARTIER TRAVELS INTO CANADA
Jacques Cartier was a French who sailed to look for the
route to Far east for French king, he reached
Newfoundland at first, then he discovered the fertile land
of Prince Edward Island which, he believed, was part of
the mainland. He kept Continuing to the Strait of Belle
Isle near Newfoundland, Cartier discovered and charted
the Gulf of St. Lawrence. He found the First Nations, then
he met with the leader of the group. Small items were
exchanged in friendship which would be historically
recorded as the first trading action between Europeans and
the Natives of the New World. He had been explored in
the area for three times, and he brought many French
people came to, and brought few First Nations people
back to Europe.
Important to Canada: Jacques Cartier
explored deeper into Canada and stayed for
longer periods of time, he discovered many
things in the area, and he developed connections
with the Iroquois and brought some of them
back to France. He set up future trade with the
First Nations. He pushed many French people
came in the area, and set up some French forts
and colonies in the North America. That also led
French and British to fight for the right to
control the North America.
1608 – COLONY OF QUEBEC IS ESTABLISHED
Important for Canada: this event pushed more French
French explorer and navigator
Samuel de Champlain were the first
Europeans arrived the St. Lawrence,
they found the area what known
today as Quebec City in 1608, they
create the colony in the area for
French King, and named it "Kanata",
then became the “New France”. After
the land was found, more and more
French came to the area after that,
and the French control the everything
of the area monopoly.
came to the area, and control many area in North America, that led
conflict happened between French and British because the profits,
the furs trade, the right of control the area etc, that also pushed
them to fight each other for a long time.
1670 – CREATION OF THE HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY
English were very interested in gaining wealth from the fur trading in North America. The Hudson’s Bay
Company was formed by a group of English investors. They asked for a charter and exclusive trading
rights on a large track of land, which would be controlled by the Company. The Hudson’s Bay Company
land became known as Rupert's land. The charter gave the company a monopoly over trade in all of the
territory on 2 May 1670. the company set a lot of trading posts to wait the First Nations people come to
trade with furs. Aboriginal peoples travelled to these trading posts to barter furs for manufactured goods
such as metal tools, guns, textiles and foodstuffs. The HBC is the oldest incorporated joint-stock
merchandising company in the English-speaking world.
The fur trade had a great impact upon Canada’s Aboriginal
peoples. As a result of their involvement in the fur trade, many abandoned their traditional
lifestyles and economy, and became reliant on European manufactured goods and
foodstuffs for survival. Many also moved beyond their traditional territory in search of furbearing animals and to obtain a better position in the trade. This movement of people and
competition for European goods led to conflict among Aboriginal peoples. The arrival of
Europeans also introduced diseases, such as smallpox, that devastated Aboriginal
populations.
The British people got a lot profits in the trading with First Nations, the manufactured
goods were always very cheap like blanket, but the Furs were expensive things. There was
the competition between British and French in trading furs, that led many conflicts
happened.
Important to Canada:
1756-63 – SEVEN YEARS WAR (FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS)
The Seven Years’ War (1756-1763) was the
first global war, fought in Europe, India, and
America, and at sea. It also was war for
British and French to fight over land both in
Europe and in North America. Huron( one
of the First Nations group) allied with
French , and Iroquois allied with British in
the war. The French and British used
different strategies throughout the war. The
French kept most of their soldiers in Europe
so that their larger numbers could beat the
English there. The British were determined
to defeat the French in North America so
they sent seven to eight times the number of
soldiers to North America. After the British
got the main and important French forts, The
British won the war, got some French forts
and colonies. Then they got the Quebec, it
pushed British win the war. At the end of the
war in 1763 France surrendered many of its
colonial possessions — including Canada —
to the British with the
Important to Canada ---- British won the
Seven Years war in Canada and France lost all
control of colonies. Thus, we now speak French
and English. and by taking control of the three
French forts, Britain can cut most the of the
French forts off any transportation route and
therefore supplies from France. that pushed
French lost all the right in North America, and
pushed they lost the Quebec.that also led the areas
to be controlled by Britain, and became
Canada. The Seven Years’ War therefore laid the
bicultural foundations of modern Canada. And the
war. The Britain won the North America, that the
area became Canada, and the Canada was British
colony. Even today, the Britain can affect Canada
in some aspects.
1759 – BATTLE OF THE PLAINS OF ABRAHAM
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham (13
September 1759) was a pivotal moment
in the Seven Years’ War and in the history
of Canada. The battle, which began on 13
September 1759, was fought by the
British Army and Navy against the
French Army on a plateau just outside the
walls of Quebec City, on land that was
originally owned by a farmer named
Abraham Martin, hence the name of the
battle. The battle involved fewer than
10,000 troops between both sides A
British invasion force led by General
James Wolfe defeated French troops
under the Marquis de Montcalm, leading
to the surrender of Québec to the
British. The French never recaptured
Québec and effectively lost control of
New France in 1760.
Important to Canada—this war
pushed the British won the Seven
Years war and the all North America,
and it also led the Canada’s official
languages are French and English,
and many France still live in Quebec
and Other provinces, and
affects French a lot, they will now
have to live by a combination of
French and British law language
will now change to English as well
as French. English culture they
have to adapt to French--Roman
Catholic. English--Protestant-deal with different religious
expectation.
1763 – NEW FRANCE IS GIVEN OVER TO BRITAIN
In 1763, France lost the Seven Years war,
they lost New France, and all the rights to
control in North America, and they also
lost the war in Europe. France yielded its
colony to England in the Treaty of
Paris which ended the Seven Years war.
British troops occupied the remainder of
New France, which became a British
colony in 1763. It marked the end of that
phase of European conflict in North
America, and created the basis for the
modern country of Canada.
Important to Canada: This marked a crucial turning point in
Canadian history. Because the British won the French, so the almost the
North America became the British colony, and then, became Canada, and the
Britain controlled Canada for a long time. Most people in Canada speak
English, some speak French in Quebec and the area where used to be the
New France. That also pushed the Canada government to control the French
who live in Canada now, but save some of their culture.
1783 – LOYALISTS BEGIN TO IMMIGRATE TO CANADA AFTER THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
The loyalists in US still wanted
to remain British after the
America became independent
from Britain. And the British and
First Nations fought with
America in 1812, which war
known as ‘War of 1812’, these
people were not welcome in the
US because the most people in
the US didn’t royal Britain, they
had a lot of conflicts with Britain
and they didn’t like the people
who still royal Britain. With the
war end, more and more loyalists
immigrated to Canada, because
Canada was Britain colony and
royal Britain, so they came.
Important to Canada－
－ Tens of thousands migrated
to British North America during
and after the revolutionary
war — boosting the population
and heavily influencing the
politics and culture of what
would become Canada. They let
the Canada has more population.
1812 - 1814 – WAR OF 1812
The War of 1812 (which lasted from 1812 to
1814) was a military conflict between the
United States and Great Britain. As a colony of
Great Britain, Canada was swept up in the War
of 1812 and was invaded a number of times by
the Americans. The war is fought in Upper
Canada, Lower the United States. And the in
the United States. The Peace treaty of Ghent,
which ended the war, contributed to a growing
sense of national identity, including the ideas
that of the British (Britain allied with First
Nations to fight with America) and Canadian
cause suffered much because of the war; not
only had they lost many Warriors (including the
great Tecumseh), they also lost any hope of
halting American expansion in the west, and
they were hard up by their British and Canadian
allies. no one won the war, they all lost a lot,
First Nations lost the most.
Important to Canada : This is a
war related to the life and death of
Canada, to promote Canada's English
and French two colonial residents
together against the common enemy.
Resistance to the invading enemy
strengthened the internal unity of the
colonies and loyalty to the British
Empire. The most important result of
the war was the reunification of the
British North American colonies in
Canada in 1867.
1857-1870 – GOLD RUSH IN BC
Important to Canada : it
In the 1960s, gold was found in the
Fraser River and Cariboo areas, and a
large number of gold rush,
businessmen, pioneers and all kinds
of people and other rapid influx of
British Columbia. These people come
from all over the world, most of them
came from America and China.
During that time, the economy grew
rapidly and the quiet village became
a hustle and bustle of the city. People
began to lay new roads, railways and
build steam boats to cope with
additional traffic loads. BC debt a
mountain money at that time.
changed the area of BC from a little area
to colonies, then to a big province.
Encourage the economic,
population ,development in the area,
pushed the province to build many towns
and cities, roads, buildings, ect. Made the
Canada became a Multiculturalism
country, many foreigners(Americans,
Chinese, Japanese, Indian etc，) came to
Canada for the gold rush, and more and
more people around the world
immigrated to Canada, especially is the
Chinese, Japanese, etc. BC debt so many
money at that time, that also caused the
area joined the Canada.
1867 – CONFEDERATION
Canadian Confederation was the process by which the British
colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia,, and New Brunswick were united
into one Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867. Upon confederation, the
old province of Canada was divided into Ontario and Quebec; along
with Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, the new federation was thus
composed of four provinces. Over the years since Confederation,
Canada has seen numerous territorial changes and expansions,
resulting in the current union of ten provinces and three territories.
Canada became a independence country peaceful because the British
government agreed with a BNA Act.
Important to Canada:
Canada from a British colony to
become a country. The British government could keep controlling and
leading somethings in Canada, but the Canada had their own
government. It pushed a lot areas to join in the Canada.
And there have federal government, and provincial governments today.
1871 – BC JOINS CANADA
• British Columbia Joined Confederation On 20 July 1871, Becoming
Canada's Sixth Province In The Wake Of A Gold Rush And On The
Promise Of A Transcontinental Railway Link. Because Canada Agreed To
Take On Bc’s Debt, Build A Rail Link To The Pacific Coast, And Give BC
The Right To Send Three Senators And Six Members Of Parliament To
Ottawa.
•
• Important To Canada: Canada Has More Land, And More
People. Because The Canadian Government Wanted To The BC Joined
Canada, So They Gave BC The Canadian Pacific Railway, The CPR
Costed To Mush Money So The Government Bullied The First Nations, So
Caused The Northwest Uprising.
1873 – PEI JOINS CANADA
The PEI was faced with a major financial crisis, then ,The Canadian government agreed
to take over the island's debt, give the province an annual subsidy to buy back lands
owned by absentee landlords, give financial backing to continue railway construction and
establish and maintain a year-round steamer service between the island and the mainland.
During the election of April 1873, island voters had the option of accepting Confederation
or having increased taxes. Not surprisingly, they chose Confederation. P.E.I. officially
joined Canada on July 1, 1873.
Important to Canada: Canada grow up, bigger and bigger, got more land and people.
It’s encourage the development economic, population, etc for Canada
1876 – INDIAN ACT
The Indian Act is the principal statute through which the federal government
administers Indian status, local First Nations governments and the management of
reserve land and communal monies. It was first introduced in 1876 as a consolidation
of previous colonial ordinances that aimed to eradicate First Nations culture in favour
of assimilation into Euro-Canadian society. The Act has been amended several times,
most significantly in 1951 and 1985, with changes mainly focusing on the removal of
particularly discriminatory sections.
The Indian Act pertains only to First Nations peoples, not to the Métis or Inuit. It is an
evolving, paradoxical document that has enabled trauma, human rights violations and
social and cultural disruption for generations of First Nations peoples. The Act also
outlines governmental obligations to First Nations peoples, and determines “status” —
a legal recognition of a person’s First Nations heritage, which affords certain rights
such as the right to live on reserve land. the Act was to Control all aspects of FN
people lives by the government to Assimilate the First Nations people into British,
to take away Indian‘s culture and make them British
Important to Canada: the Canadian government tried to assimilate the First
Nations, forced them to do a lot of things. That led the more and more conflicts
happened, Canadian government caused a lot of devastating damage to them，and the
Canadians and First Nations were in very bad relationship，many First Nations’
culture lost. That also caused the Uprising happened.
1885 – NORTH-WEST REBELLION
The North-West Rebellion of 1885 was a brief and unsuccessful uprising by the Métis people under Louis
Riel and an associated uprising by First Nations Cree and Assiniboine of the District of Saskatchewan against
the government of Canada. The Métis believed that Canada had failed to protect their rights, their land and
even everything. Riel had been invited to lead the movement but he turned it into a military action with a
heavily religious tone, thereby alienating the Catholic clergy, the whites, most of the Indians and some of the
Métis.
The rebellion ended with Riel was captured and put on trial. He was convicted of treason and despite many
pleas across Canada for amnesty, he was hanged. Riel became the heroic martyr to Francophone Canada and
ethnic tensions escalated into a major national division that was never resolved. Thanks to the key role that
the Canadian Pacific Railway played in transporting troops, Conservative political support for it increased
and Parliament authorized funds to complete the country's first transcontinental railway.
1885 – North-West Rebellion
important to Canada: Canadian government won the war,
and get the land they wanted. There was conflict between EnglishCanadians and French-Canadians, the French-Canadians like
Louis riel and angry because the Riel was hung. Metis Lost the
struggle to gain legal title over their land, moved farther North
and West ,forced to Squat on public lands ,moved to cities so they
could hide their First nation's heritage , and continued to face
years of persecution and discrimination. the Prairie Provinces
would be controlled by English speakers, not the French
Canadians. A much more important long-term impact was the
bitter alienation French speakers across Canada showed, and
anger against the repression of their countrymen.
1885 – COMPLETION OF CPR
• William Van Horne Was The Leader To Complete The CPR
• The Canadian Government Agree To Build A Railway For The BC,
That BC Joined Canada, The CPR Build For A Long Time. In 1885,
Soldiers Are Sent By CPR To Squash The Northwest Rebellion. And
There Are So Many Chinese Worked For The CPR, They Did The
Dangerous Work And Got The Poor Wages. The CPR Receives A
Second Cash Infusion From Ottawa To Complete The Laying Of Track.
Last Spike Of The CPR Is Driven At Craigellechie, BC. The CPR Is
Now Completed, A Full 5 Years Ahead Of Schedule.
• Important To Canada: The Canadian Government Get The
Bc. The CPR Was Canada's First Transcontinental Railway, But No
Longer Reaches The Atlantic Coast. Primarily A Freight Railway, The
CPR Was For Decades The Only Practical Means Of Long-distance
Passenger Transport In Most Regions Of Canada, And Was
Instrumental In The Settlement And Development Of Western Canada.
1905 – THE PROVINCES OF ALBERTA AND SASKATCHEWAN
ARE CREATED
Alberta joined Confederation along with Saskatchewan in 1905,
when the two new provinces were created out of a section of
the Northwest Territories. These two provinces were created because
their populations indicated that they possessed the political ability of
self-governance, as opposed to governance by Ottawa.
The important to Canada: the land was became bigger.
The economy had changed. Instead of just the fur trade, it now
included farming, logging, mining and the railway. Many people
were coming into the territory to work in these new industries. They
believed this larger population deserved the same kind of government
as in Ontario, Quebec and the other provinces. And they could not
afford everything that the people needed, such as schools. By forming
new provinces, they would be able to collect taxes and pay for these
things.
1914 - CANADA AND WWI
The First World War of 1914–1918 was the bloodiest conflict in Canadian
history ( Canada entered the WW1 because the Britain was in the war and
had power to control Canada enter the war to help them), taking the lives of
nearly 61,000 Canadians. It eliminated the people who were looking forward
to have war, and it led millions people dead during the war. The great
achievements of Canadian soldiers on battlefields such
as Ypres, Vimy and Passchendaele. The Canada was one of the winner in the
WW1, Britain, France and some others who joined the Allied Powers, were
also the winner.
Important to Canada: a lot of Canadian soldiers died in the war, the
war ignited a sense of national pride and a confidence that Canada could
stand on its own, apart from the British Empire, on the world stage. The war
also deepened the divide between French and English Canada, and marked
the beginning of widespread state intervention in society and the economy.