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Chapter Four
The Struggle for Ohio
The Beautiful Country
The six historic Ohio Indian tribes love
Ohio.
 The French who live in Canada want Ohio
for the fur trade.
 The colonists along the Atlantic Coast want
more land to farm. Virginians wanted to set
up plantations in Ohio.
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French and Indian War
The French built Fort Duquesne at the
headwaters (Pittsburgh) of the Ohio River to
protect the fur trade.
 The Virginians convinced the other colonies
to join them in fighting for Ohio.
 The Governor of Virginia sent George
Washington and some soldiers to tell the
French that Ohio belonged to Virginia.
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A Terrible War
French and Indians attacked settlements in
Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky. They
scalped their victims.
 The American colonists attacked Indian
villages throughout Ohio. Even women and
children were killed.
 Soldiers came from Great Britain to help the
colonists.
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First Treaty of Paris
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France gave all its land in North America to Great
Britain.
Pontiac wanted the French back. He united the six
tribes in a revolt. (Pontiac’s Revolt)
British will not let the American colonists settle
Ohio.
Proclamation of 1763. The colonists were not
allowed to cross an imaginary line down the
middle of the Appalachian Mountains. Ohio
should remain Indian hunting grounds not farms.
American Revolution
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Great Britain wanted control of the colonies.
Tea, glass, lead, and paper were all taxed.
The colonies declared their independence. They
called themselves the United States of America.
The Indians sided with Great Britain.
Logan’s Lament
Gnaddenhutten Massacre.
Treaty of Paris, 1783
After eight years of fighting, the British
signed a peace treaty recognizing the
United States as a free and independent
nation.
 They gave the US all the land south of
Canada and north of Florida to the
Mississippi River.
 Ohio now belonged to the Americans.
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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All the land north of the Ohio River and west to
the Mississippi was called the Northwest Territory.
Parts of the territory could become states in three
stages.
First, a governor and three judges would run the
territory.
Then, when 5,000 free men lived there, the
territory could set up a legislature. Slavery would
be outlawed.
When 60,000 free people lived in the territory, it
could become a state.
The Ohio Indian Wars
Two American armies were sent to defeat
the Indians.
 The Indians defeated Generals Harmar and
St. Clair.
 General “Mad Anthony” Wayne defeated
the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
 Little Turtle and Anthony Wayne sign the
Treaty of Greeneville.
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