Download Smart Grids

Smart Grids, Super Grids
Myth or Reality ?
by André MERLIN
President CIGRE & MEDGRID
President Supervisory Board RTE & ERDF
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
1
Contents
 New requirements of power systems within the
European Energy Policy
 Smart Grids and Super Grids : stakes and
applications in transmission and distribution
systems
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
2
Electricity will play a more and more
important role to meet the three main
objectives of the European Energy Policy
 To increase the security of supply;
 To reduce CO2 emissions;
 To control energy costs.
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
3
 On the demand side, electricity provides high level
energy efficiency ;
 On the supply side, it provides for the development
of low carbon energy sources (from nuclear,
hydraulic, wind, solar, geothermal).
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
4
Electricity production in the
EU Member States in 2005
TWh
54,6 %
45,4 %
Coal
Oil
Gas
Others
Nuclear
Hydro
Renewables
Total
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
940
139
694
40
28,4 %
4,2 %
21,0 %
1,2 %
998
341
157
30,2 %
10,4 %
4,8 %
3309
5
Power generation for EU-27 by 2020
 2/3 of the production from low carbon sources;
 1/3 nuclear;
 1/3 renewable sources (including hydraulic)
of which 13 % wind energy (1.9% in 2005).
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
6
13% wind energy in the electricity mix in 2020
implies a production of 500 TWh
out of a total of 4 000 TWh
In order to produce such a quantity, 200 to
250 GW wind farms out of a total of 1000
GW power plants, must be installed and
connected to the European power system.
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
7
Looking ahead to 2050
When CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS)
technology is industrially available, it will be
possible to design a European power system
with nearly no CO2 emissions.
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
8
SUCH A RADICAL CHANGE IN THE MIX OF POWER
GENERATION WILL REQUIRE A GREAT EVOLUTION
OF THE GRIDS.
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
9
Why such a change ?
 To allow for the large integration of intermittent renewable
energies ;
 To increase the security of supply by mutual back up
between the power systems of the Member States of the
EU and with the neighbouring interconnected regions;
 To reach a wider integration of the electricity markets.
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
10
What does this mean for the future of the
grids ?
 Stonger interconnections within the European system ;
 An extension of these interconnections beyond the
present limits (to the South around and across the
Mediterranean Sea and with the Russian electricity
system UPS/IPS) ;
 A more efficient operation of the electricity systems and
particularly the distribution networks to face the growing
complexity of systems management.
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
11
Two major strategies for
future electricity systems
 More powerful networks (Super Grids)
 More intelligent networks (Smart Grids)
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
12
Super Grids
4 priorities for the development of the electricity
transmission system of the EU *
 An interconnection plan for Baltic networks with the
European electricity network;
 A Euro-mediterrannean interconnection plan
(MEDGRID) ;
 A Centre - South - East Europe interconnection plan;
 An interconnection plan for an offshore submarine
network in the Baltic and North Sea.
* Second EU strategic energy review by the European Commission (November 2008)
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
13
Medgrid, an industrial initiative for electricity
exchange in the mediterranean basin
7
4
8
12
2
5
1
15
3
14
6
16
9
10
11
13
Development Plan or in
Under study
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
construction
16 - 19 of May 2011
Perspective
14
15
Medgrid Partners
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
Submarine grid for the
North Sea and the Baltic Sea
By 2020, connect
25 GW of wind farms
and hydraulic plants to
the National AC
systems in a first phase
and benefit from trading
opportunities.
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
16
Smart Grids
Transmission networks:
2 major achievements
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
17
Regional study centre
for coordinated
operation of the
system, Coreso is a
partnership of RTE,
Elia, National Grid,
Terna and 50Herz
which aims to evaluate
the safety of the
Western system, to
inform and to alert the
National dispatchings.
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
18
CECRE (Red Electrica) : First control room
for renewable energies
Provides for maximum integration of renewable sources within
the electricity system in the safest conditions.
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
19
Smart Grids :
Distribution Networks
 The opening of electricity markets has led to the development of the smart
meter which is the cornerstone of Smart Grids in the distribution network.
The European Commission targets 80% of smart meters in 2020*.
The network is changing from passive to active through the development of
decentralized power generation from wind or solar installations and its structure
and operation must be quickly adapted.
(*) Art. 3, annexe 1 of the internal electricity market Directive of the13 July 2009
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session 16 - 19 of
May 2011
20
The « communicating meter » : the
lever of modernisation for the
management of ERDF distribution
networks
• Improve the knowledge of the network by having data
more precise and updated real time ;
• Better charge of the customers
consumption;
• Allow demand side management to
reduce energy consumption
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
21
Plan chosen by ERDF
Linky
Substation
"Concentrator "
GPRS
Central
Information
System
Automation
MV
network
PLC
Customers
Local LV
network
Suppliers
Montenegrin NC of CIGRE Session
16 - 19 of May 2011
22