Download FINAL MODULAR CONTROL number 1 The task to module 1

FINAL
MODULAR CONTROL number 1
The task to module 1
1. Theoretical questions (written).
2. Practice-oriented skills ( presented in the original material ( X-ray , skanohrama etc.).
Determine:
a) The method of diagnostic imaging
b) The principle of obtaining diagnostic images
List of original material:
1. Nuclear imaging (Radiography (for example, radiorenography ), Scanning,
scintigraphy )
2. X-ray diagnosis ( X-ray filming, fluorophotography , linear tomography, comput
tomography, spiral computer tomography).
3. Ultrasound.
4. MRI.
3. Situational tasks
Must answer 4 questions of situational tasks (the possible list of questions): a method
of treatment , type of radiotherapy, aim of irradiation, SFD , the application of
radiation therapy, radiation therapy technique , the activity of the RFP , the percentage
5-years survival .
Localization of the pathological process that may be represented:
a) Felon (panaricium), erysipelas, paraproctitis,
b) Acute , chronic inflammatory and degenerative-dystrophic diseases
c) Lower lip cancer , skin cancer, thyroid cancer , cervical cancer, cancer of utery, single
and multiple bone metastases , lung cancer, breast cancer , esophageal cancer, rectal
cancer.
LIST OF TEORETICAL QUESTIONS FOR FINAL CREDIT №1
for medical students of 3-rd year
Radiotherapy and general questions of diagnostic radiology
Content module 1. Radiobiological basis of radiation therapy. Dosimetry.
1. History of the radioactivity discovery: the main stages of Radiology development.
2. Nature and properties of ionizing radiation: α-, β-, γ-, X-rays, neutrons and protons.
3. Features of the system of radiological departments of the house with open and closed radioactive
substances. Types of radiology departments.
4. Basic regulations governing the radio ¬ logical units (NRBU-1997, OSPU 2000).
5. Methods and means of protection when working with sources of ionizing radiation.
6. Methods of disposal of radioactive waste.
7. Biological effects of ionizing radiation at all levels of the body.
8. Direct and indirect effects of ionizing radiation on living organisms.
9. Specific, individual and age variations radiosensitivity.
10. Mutagenic effects of radiation.
11. The influence of external factors on radiosensitivity of organisms.
12. Radioactivity - a unit of radioactivity. Types of decay.
13. Isotopes. The main characteristics of the radioactive isotopes. Ability radioactive isotopes: 60So, 32P. 123, 125,
131 99m
I, Tc; 198Au, 113mIn
14. RFP: obtaining and basic requirements.
15. Metabolism of radiotracer in the body. Critical organs.
16. Maximum permissible dose (MPD) of human and different categories of personnel.
17. Categories patients aimed at radionuclide study. The permissible dose of radiation.
18. Exhibition, absorbed and integrated doses of ionizing radiation. Systemic and systemic units of dose.
19. Methods for determining the dose. Types of dosimeters.
20. Characteristics of ionization and scintillation methods for determining the dose.
21. Chemical methods for determining the dose. Structure and principles of photochemical dosimeters.
22. Biological and computational methods for determining the dose.
23. Methods for determination of radioactivity. Types of radiometers.
Content module 2. Principles and methods of radiation therapy.
24. Physical and biological basis of radiation therapy.
25. The mechanism of radiation damage tumor cells.
26. Radiotherapeutical interval and radio modifying factors.
27. Classification of methods of radiation therapy.
28. The interaction of ionizing radiation with matter. Options dose distribution in time and space.
29. Basic principles of radiotherapy.
30. General and local reactions and complications during radiotherapy.
31. Characterization of distant X-ray method. Devices. Indications and contraindications for use.
32. Types of distant X-ray. Physical and technical specifications of the devices. Purpose tubes and filters.
33. Indications for radiotherapy in non-neoplastic diseases (inflammatory, degenerative).
34. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects of ionizing radiation.
35. Characteristics of the method of short X-ray. Devices. Indications and contraindications for use.
36. Description of method of distant gamma-therapy. Devices. Indications and contraindications for use.
37. Description of the method intracavitary radiotherapy. The structure and form of sources. Indications and
contraindications for use.
38. Description of method of interstitial radiotherapy. The structure and form of sources. Indications and
contraindications for use.
39. Radiation treatment of skin cancer.
40. Radiation therapy of breast cancer. Irradiation doses and fields.
41. Radiation therapy for cervical cancer. Techniques, doses and fields.
42. Combined, complex therapies and united treatment of tumors. Applications of radiation therapy.
43. Choice of local dose irradiation of malignant tumors.
44. Using 131I treatment for hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer metastases.
45. Using 32P and 898h for treatment of metastases to the bone.
46. Prevention of radiation reactions and injuries.
Content module 3. Methods of imaging in Diagnostic imaging.
47. Classification of methods of radionuclide diagnostics.
48. Radionuclide method of research "in vitro" - its meaning.
49. Characterization methods of radionuclide diagnostics "in vitro": radiometry, radiography, scanning,
scintigraphy.
50. Means of obtaining diagnostic information in radionuclide studies of treatment.
51. Scan, the principle of the method and interpretation of results.
52. Gamma-scintigraphy, the principle method and processing of re ¬ results.
53. Investigation of iodine accumulation function of the thyroid gland.
54. Formation and basic properties of X-rays.
55. Structure and principle of x-ray tube.
56. Basic methods of X-ray examination: fluoroscopy and radiography, their advantages and disadvantages.
57. Regularities of formation and properties of X-ray images. Fluorography: principles techniques, diagnostic
capabilities.
58. Principle and application of X-ray imaging.
59. Protecting staff and patients from exposure to ionizing radiation during x-ray studies.
60. Classification of radio-opaque substances, their use in Diagnostic imaging. Complications arising from the
usage.
Thematical module 4. Algorithms of radioological organs and systems investigatione.
Principles of radiological semiotics.
61. Physical and technical foundations of computed tomography, diagnostic possibilities of method.
62. Physical and technical bases of magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostic possibilities of the method,
classification methods radionuclide diagnostics.
63. Radionuclide method of research "in vitro" - its meaning.
64. Characterization methods of radionuclide diagnostics "in vitro": radiometry, radiography, scanning,
scintigraphy.
65. Means of obtaining diagnostic information by nuclear imaging.
66. PET, the principle of the method and interpretation of results.
67. Gamma-scintigraphy, the principle method and processing of results.