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Výukový materiál EK 01 - 14
Tvůrce: Ing. Marie Jiráková
Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Milan Smejkal
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
POPULATION
POPULATION

A group of organisms, all of the same species,
which occupies a particular area.
POPULATION SIZE (QUANTITY)
o
POPULATION:
THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS IS
INCREASING AND GROWS IN FAVOURABLE
CONDITIONS
THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS IS
DECREASING IN UNFAVOURABLE
CONDITIONS
POPULATION SIZE
INFLUENCED BY:
o
BIRTH RATE – NATALITY
o
DEATH RATE – MORTALITY
o
MOVEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS - MIGRATION
INDICATORS OF POPULATION
GROWTH
the number of
individuals in a population
 QUANTITY-
number of individuals
on a particular surface
 DENSITY
- the
POPULATION GROWTH
The birth rate prevails over mortality
o
favourable environmental conditions
(sufficient food, room, etc).
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH
o
bad environmental conditions
LIMITED GROWTH
POPULATION GROWTH – OTHER
FACTORS
FLUCTUATION IN POPULATION GROWTH
(Depends on food, climate changes)
o
VITALITY OF POPULATION
(Influenced by the number of individuals)
o
o
POPULATION STRUCTURE
(DEPENDS ON THE AGE OF INDIVIDUALS, GENDER,
HIERARCHY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE)
)
o
POPULATION DENSITY AND PLACEMENT
THE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONS IN
SPACE:
Regular
 Accidental
 In groups

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS
They are:

INSIDE THE SPECIES

BETWEEN THE SPECIES
COMPETITION


INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME KIND OR OF
DIFFERENT KINDS COMPETE FOR: FOOD,
LIGHT, SPACE, etc.
COMPETITION CAN SUPPRESS OTHER
SPECIES OR TO BE IN BALANCE BETWEEN
SPECIES.
PREDATION
 One
organism, the predator, obtains
energy (as food) by consuming, usually
killing, another, the prey.
PARASITISM

One organism (the parasite) lives in or on
another (the host), from which it obtains food,
shelter, or other requirements.
 THE
PARASITES, HOLOPARASITES
 ENDOPARASITES
the host.
 ECTOPARASITES
host.
live inside the body of
live externally on the
MUTUALISM
 An
interaction between members of two
species which benefits both.
organisms live
together in close association.
 SYMBIOSIS
–dissimilar
 PROTOCOOPERATION
interaction.
organisms live
together in close association
 Co-operation
– similar
– loose
WORKSHEET - REVISION
POPULATION GROWTH IS INFLUENCED
BY………………......................
POPULATION GROWTH MAY BE ……………..OR
…………….
POPULATION SIZE IS INFLUENCED BY
……………………………
VITALITY OF POPULATION IS INFLUENCED
BY……………………….
PREDATION IS
…………………………………………………………
SYMBIOSIS IS
………………………………………………………..
SOURCE
PAPÁČEK, Miroslav a kol. Zoologie. Praha:
pedagogické nakladatelství, 2000, ISBN 80-7183203-0.
 KVASNIČKOVÁ, Danuše. Základy ekologie.
Praha: Scientia,spol.s r.o., 1994, ISBN 80-8582784-0
 BRANIŠ, Martin. Základy ekologie a ochrany
životního prostředí. 2. vyd. Praha:
Informatorium, 1999. ISBN 80-86073-52-1.
