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The Early Cold War
(25 Points)
PRESIDENT TRUMAN/POTSDAM
Hope for world peace were high at the end of the war. The most visible symbol of these hopes was the
_____________________________. On April 1945, the representatives of 50 nations met in San Francisco to
establish this _____________________ body. For the United States, the key figure in the early years of conflict
with the Soviets was President ____________________________. On April 12, 1945, Truman had suddenly
become president when ______________________ died. Truman’s test as a diplomat came in July 1945 when
the Big Three: the ____________________, ____________________, and the _______________________ met
at the final wartime conference at ______________ near Berlin. Stalin’s refusal to allow
_______________________ in Poland convinced Truman that U.S. And Soviet aims were deeply at odds. The
Soviet Union had suffered heavy devastation on its own soil and as a result, the Soviets felt justified in their
claim to ___________________________.
SATELLITES/CONTAINMENT
Stalin installed _________________ governments in Albania, Bulgaria, _________________, Hungary,
Romania, and ______________ and these countries became known as __________________ nations. Faced
with the Soviet threat, American diplomat George F. Kennan proposed a policy of ___________________.
Containment means taking measure to prevent any
_______________________________________________________________. This policy began to guide the
_______________ administration’s foreign policy. The phrase “__________________________” came to stand
for the division of ________________. The conflicting U.S. And Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the
_______________, a conflict between the _________________________ and the _______________________
in which neither nation directly confronted the other __________________________________.
THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
In a statement that became known as the ____________________________, Truman declared that it
must be the policy of the United States to support ____________________ who are resisting attempted
_____________________ by armed minorities or by outside pressure. Congress agreed with Truman and
decided the doctrine was essential to keeping _________________________________ from spreading.
THE MARSHALL PLAN
Western Europe was in chaos because most of its factories had been ______________ or
___________________ and millions of people were living in ______________________ while European
governments tried to figure out where to resettle them. In June 1947, Secretary of State
________________________ proposed that the United States provide ______ to all European nations that
needed it. The _____________________ revived European hopes and over the next four years 16 countries
received some _______________________.
BERLIN AIRLIFT
In June 1948, Stalin closed all highway and rail routes into ________________. As a result, no
__________________ could reach that part of the city and 2.1 million residents of the city had only enough
__________ to last for approximately _____________. In an attempt to break the blockade, American and
British officials started the __________________ to fly food and supplies into West Berlin. For 327 days,
planes took off and landed every _____________________ around the clock bringing in supplies. West Berlin
survived because of the ________________ and by May 1949, the Soviet Union lifted the ________________.
NATO
The Berlin blockade increased Western European fear of ______________ __________________ and
ten nations joined the United States and Canada to form a defensive military alliance called the
_______________________________________________, or NATO for short. The 12 members of __________
pledged military support to one another in case any member was ____________________.
CHINA
The American public was stunned that _____________ had become __________________.
_______________________ had failed.
KOREA
Japan had taken over ____________ in 1910 and ruled it until 1945. As World War Two ended,
Japanese troops north of the 38th parallel surrendered to the ______________ and Japanese troops south of the
parallel surrendered to the _____________________. As in Germany, two nations developed one
___________________ and the other ______________________. In 1948, The Republic of Korea, called
____________________, was established and Communists formed the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
led by Kim Il Sung. Soon after World War Two, the United States had cut back its armed forces in
_____________________ and there were only 500 American troops there. The Soviets concluded that the
United States would not fight to defend ________________. On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces swept
across the ___________________ in a surprise attack on South Korea and the conflict that followed became
known as the _______________________. 16 nations sent some ______________ troops to aid
_____________________ and over 90 percent of those troops were ___________________. The combined
forces were placed under the command of General _________________________, former U.S. war hero in the
Pacific. 300,000 Chinese troops joined the war on the side of ___________________. The fight between North
Korea and South Korea had escalated into a war in which the main opponents were the
_______________________________ and the Americans. Finally, in July 1953, the two sides signed an
____________________ ending the war. At best, the agreement was a stalemate, the North Korean invaders
had been pushed back and ________________ had been ___________________ without the use of nuclear
weapons but Korea was still __________ nations rather than one.