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> ANSWER PLOIDY LEVEL CHANGE ANSWER CYTOTYPES VS POLYPLOIDS ^ PLOIDY LEVEL CHANGE DERIVES CYTOTYPES & POLYPLOIDS CYTOTYPES VS POLYPLOIDS > PLOIDY LEVEL CHANGE PLOIDY LEVEL CHANGE CHANGE CHROMOSOME NUMBER PLOIDY LEVEL CHANGE > PLOIDY LEVEL CHANGE OCCURS DUE TO MEIOSIS NON-DISJUNCTION PLOIDY LEVEL CHANGE ^ ^ MEIOSIS NON-DISJUNCTION CELL CYCLE STAGES TRUE PLANT CELL CYCLE KARYOKINESIS KARYOKINESIS INTERPHASE I TRUE PLANT CELL CYCLE KARYOKINESIS KARYOKINESIS INTERPHASE C TRUE PLANT CELL CYCLE KARYOKINESIS KARYOKINESIS CHROMOSOMES REPLICATE INTERPHASE K TRUE PLANT CELL CYCLE KARYOKINESIS KARYOKINESIS INTERPHASE N TRUE PLANT CELL CYCLE KARYOKINESIS KARYOKINESIS NUCLEUS DIVISION INTERPHASE C TRUE PLANT CELL CYCLE KARYOKINESIS KARYOKINESIS INTERPHASE C TRUE PLANT CELL CYCLE KARYOKINESIS CYTOSOL DIVISION KARYOKINESIS INTERPHASE ^ K KARYOKINESIS TYPES TRUE PLANT CELL CYCLE KARYOKINESIS KARYOKINESIS NUCLEUS DIVISION INTERPHASE M TRUE PLANT CELL CYCLE KARYOKINESIS KARYOKINESIS MITOSIS & MEIOSIS INTERPHASE ^ ? MEIOSIS KARYOKINESIS PHASES TRUE PLANT CELL CYCLE KARYOKINESIS KARYOKINESIS MEIOSIS ? PHASES INTERPHASE A TRUE PLANT CELL CYCLE KARYOKINESIS INTERPHASE ^ > MEIOSIS ANAPHASE-II MEIOSIS: ANAPHASE-II NON-DISJUNCTION OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE-II MEIOSIS: ANAPHASE-II ^ ^ DISJUNCTION VS NON-DISJUNCTION > CHROMOSOME TERMS R INTERPHASE - I CHROMOSOME ? INTERPHASE - I REPLICATED CHROMOSOME C ? INTERPHASE - I REPLICATED CHROMOSOME ? CHROMATIDS INTERPHASE - I REPLICATED CHROMOSOME C CHROMATIDS INTERPHASE - I ? REPLICATED CHROMOSOME CHROMATIDS INTERPHASE - I CENTROMERE REPLICATED CHROMOSOME CHROMATIDS ANAPHASE - II = MICROTUBULE MICROTUBULE SPINDLE COMPLEX CENTROMERE REPLICATED CHROMOSOME + CHROMATIDS ANAPHASE - II = MICROTUBULE MICROTUBULE SPINDLE COMPLEX SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS CENTROMERE SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS REPLICATED CHROMOSOME + CHROMATIDS ANAPHASE - II = MICROTUBULE MICROTUBULE SPINDLE COMPLEX MICROTUBULE SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS CENTROMERE MICROTUBULE SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS REPLICATED CHROMOSOME C ANAPHASE - II CENTROMERE BREAKS DOWN D ANAPHASE - II CHROMATIDS SEPARATE ^ ANAPHASE - II DAUGHTER CHROMOSOMES DAUGHTER CHROMOSOMES D MEIOSIS ANAPHASE-II DISJUNCTION DISJUNCTION + DISJUNCTION CENTROMERES DO BREAKDOWN DURING ANAPHASE-II DISJUNCTION > DISJUNCTION CENTROMERES DO BREAKDOWN DURING ANAPHASE-II NORMAL 1N SPORES & GAMETES DISJUNCTION ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE ? = MICROTUBULE SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE ? BREAKDOWN ? BREAKDOWN C ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE CENTROMERES BREAKDOWN CENTROMERES BREAKDOWN C ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE CHROMATIDS SEPARATE CHROMATIDS SEPARATE ? ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE ? OCCURS ? OCCURS D ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE DISJUNCTION OCCURS DISJUNCTION OCCURS D ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE DAUGHTER CHROMOSOMES DAUGHTER CHROMOSOMES N DISJUNCTION RESULT: NORMAL 1N SPORES N NORMAL HAPLOID SPORE NORMAL HAPLOID SPORE NORMAL HAPLOID SPORE NORMAL HAPLOID SPORE DISJUNCTION RESULT: NORMAL 1N GAMETES ^ NORMAL HAPLOID GAMETE NORMAL HAPLOID GAMETE NORMAL HAPLOID GAMETE NORMAL HAPLOID GAMETE MEIOSIS ANAPHASE-II DISJUNCTION OUTCOME DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME M = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME ? = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE MEIOSIS DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME 5 = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE ? MEIOSIS 1N ?= 10 DISJUNCTION DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME ? = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 DISJUNCTION DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME 10 = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 ? DISJUNCTION DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME C P = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 DISJUNCTION DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME ^ = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 DISJUNCTION CYTOTYPES & POLYPLOIDS ABSENT N MEIOSIS ANAPHASE-II NON-DISJUNCTION NON-DISJUNCTION + DISJUNCTION CENTROMERES DO NOT BREAKDOWN DURING ANAPHASE-II DISJUNCTION > DISJUNCTION CENTROMERES DO NOT BREAKDOWN DURING ANAPHASE-II ABNORMAL 2N SPORES & GAMETES DISJUNCTION ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS + C SPINDLE COMPLEX CONTRACTS OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE CENTROMERE BREAKDOWN FAILS CENTROMERE BREAKDOWN FAILS + C ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE CHROMATIDS DO NOT SEPARATE CHROMATIDS DO NOT SEPARATE ? ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE = MICROTUBULE ? OCCURS ? OCCURS N ANAPHASE - II = CENTROMERE A = MICROTUBULE NON-DISJUNCTION OCCURS NON-DISJUNCTION OCCURS NON-DISJUNCTION RESULT: ABNORMAL 2N SPORES A ABNORMAL DIPLOID SPORE ABNORMAL STERILE SPORE ABNORMAL STERILE SPORE ABNORMAL DIPLOID SPORE NON-DISJUNCTION RESULT: ABNORMAL 2N GAMETES ^ ABNORMAL DIPLOID GAMETE ABNORMAL STERILE GAMETE ABNORMAL STERILE GAMETE ABNORMAL DIPLOID GAMETE MEIOSIS ANAPHASE-II NON-DISJUNCTION OUTCOME NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME M = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 PARENTAL POPULATION 5 2N = 10 2N = 10 DISJUNCTION NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME ? N = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 DISJUNCTION NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME 10 = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 5 2N = 10 2N = 10 NON-DISJUNCTION ? ? NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME ? = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 NON-DISJUNCTION 10 10 ABNORMAL ABNORMAL NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME 20 = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 NON-DISJUNCTION 10 10 ? ABNORMAL ABNORMAL NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME C = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 NON-DISJUNCTION 10 10 2N = 20 ABNORMAL ABNORMAL NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME P = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 NON-DISJUNCTION 10 CYTOTYPE 10 2N = 20 ABNORMAL ABNORMAL CYTOTYPE NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME C P = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 NON-DISJUNCTION 10 POLYPLOID 10 2N = 20 ABNORMAL ABNORMAL POLYPLOID NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME ^ = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 2N = 10 2N = 20 CYTOTYPES & POLYPLOIDS PRESENT M CYTOTYPES & POLYPLOIDS SUMMARY MEIOSIS ANAPHASE-II DISJUNCTION OUTCOME DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME M = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 DISJUNCTION CYTOTYPES & POLYPLOIDS ABSENT MEIOSIS ANAPHASE-II NON-DISJUNCTION OUTCOME NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME + = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 NON-DISJUNCTION 10 CYTOTYPE 10 2N = 20 ABNORMAL ABNORMAL CYTOTYPE NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME + = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 5 MEIOSIS 1N 5= 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 NON-DISJUNCTION 10 POLYPLOID 10 2N = 20 ABNORMAL ABNORMAL POLYPLOID NON-DISJUNCTION: OUTCOME ^ = CHROMOSOMES = ORGANISM = SYNGAMY 2N = 10 = GAMETE 2N = 10 2N = 20 CYTOTYPES & POLYPLOIDS PRESENT L SYMPATRIC SPECIATION TYPES SYMPATRIC SPECIATION TYPES AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION SYMPATRIC SPECIATION TYPES SYMPATRIC SPECIATION TYPES AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION ALLOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION SYMPATRIC SPECIATION TYPES ^ ^ SYMPATRIC AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION SYMPATRIC AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION SCENARIO AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION S 2N = 10 2N = 10 GEOGRAPHIC AREA 2N = 10 2N = 10 GEOGRAPHIC AREA 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 PARENTAL POPULATION AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 SYMPATRIC POPULATION 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 PARENTAL POPULATION + AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION R 2N = 10 2N = 10 GEOGRAPHIC AREA 2N = 10 2N = 10 GEOGRAPHIC AREA 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 PARENTAL POPULATION AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION 2N = 10 PARENTAL POPULATION REMAINS SYMPATRIC THROUGHOUT 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 PARENTAL POPULATION + AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION G 2N = 10 2N = 10 GEOGRAPHIC AREA 2N = 10 2N = 10 GEOGRAPHIC AREA 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 PARENTAL POPULATION AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 GEOLOGIC BARRIER DOES NOT ARISE 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 PARENTAL POPULATION + AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION P 2N = 10 2N = 10 GEOGRAPHIC AREA 2N = 10 2N = 10 GEOGRAPHIC AREA 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 PARENTAL POPULATION AUTOPOLYPLOID SPECIATION 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 PLOIDY LEVEL CHANGE OCCURS 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 2N = 10 PARENTAL POPULATION +
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