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Chapter 21: Reactions, Reforms, and Revolution
Section 1: The Congress of Vienna Meets
The Congress of Vienna Meets:
A. The French Revolution, which began in 1789, changed France.
B. Napoleon Bonaparte seized power.
C. The wars he fought changed Europe because he conquered other countries and gathered them into
his empire.
D. In 1814, four European countries Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, and Russia defeated Napoleon
and sent him into exile.
E. The leader of these countries met in Vienna, Austria.
F. Congress of Vienna: An important meeting in 1814-1815 in which leaders restructured Europe.
Who Influenced the Meeting?
A. Many powerful leaders attended the meeting. Two were kings (1) William III of Prussia and (2)
Czar Alexander of Russia.
B. The Duke of Wellington and Lord Castlereagh represented Great Britain. Charles Talleyrand came
from France. Prince Metternich of Austria was the most influential.
C. Influential: Having the power to change things or to affect what happens.
D. Prince Metternich was Austria’s foreign minister.
E. Foreign minister: A person who handles one country’s dealings with other countries.
F. The Congress of Vienna had to cure Europe of this disease called revolution.
What Plan Did Metternich Offer?
A. Metternich had a plan to make Europe what it had been before the French Revolution.
B. His plan had three main parts:
(1) Metternich wanted to make sure that France could not threaten other nation again.
(2) He wanted a balance of power in Europe; he wanted the major nations to have equal strength
so as to keep peace.
(3) Metternich wanted to return royal families to power.
C. The Congress decided to restore all the kings whom Napoleon had driven from power.
D. Relatives, or family members, would take their place on the throne.
E. Relative: A family member.
F. The Congress placed kings on the thrones of France, Spain, Portugal, and Sardinia in Italy.
Who Redrew the Map of Europe?
A. During Napoleon’s reign, several nations had lost land to France. (This land became part of his
empire).
B. The Congress gave land to the nations that had lost land to France and that had fought against
Napoleon.
C. Confederation: A union, or group, of states or notations, Austria would lead this group.
D. The Congress changed the map of Europe by: Congress gave Finland and most of Poland to
Russia. It gave part of northern Italy to Austria. Great Britain got the island of Ceylon, some of
South Africa, and Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. Sweden gained control of Norway. Then the
Congress organized the many German states into a German Confederation.