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Transcript
SustainingU.S.SecurityandLeadershipintheArctic NATOalliesrecentlyrecognizedattheNATOWarsawSummitthat“thereisanarcofinsecurityand instabilityalongNATO’speripheryandbeyond.”Forus,thisreinforcestheneedtofocusonaregion ofgrowinggeostrategicandeconomicimportancethatdeservesourincreasedattention–the Arctic.WhiletheSummitrespondedtoRussia’sresurgenceonNATO’seasternflankandaddressed terroristandmigrationchallengesemanatingfromNATO’ssouth,alliesshoulddomoretoaddress futurechallengesintheArcticnorth.Stabilityandsecurityinthefarnorthisatacrossroads,with environmentalchanges,commercialopportunitiesandtheeconomicandmilitaryactivityoflittoral statesimpactingAmericansecurity.Inensuringthepeaceful,prosperousandprudentdevelopment ofthiscriticalregion,theU.S.shouldcontinuetoplayaleadershiproleandmaintainabroad, strategicapproachtoquestionsofArcticpolicy,notonlyinregardstonationalsecurity,butalsoin regardstoeconomic,environmentalandenergysecuritypolicy. SinceApril2015,theU.S.hasheldthetwo-yearchairoftheArcticCouncil,leadingaforumthat includesfiveNATOmembers.WhiletheU.S.hasuseditspositiontoelevateArcticissues,ithasnot builtthepresencerequiredtomaintainregionalsecurityandstability,aneffortthatwillneedyears ofconsistenteffort.DuetoaconvergenceofforeigninterestsandtheArctic’schangingphysical geography,theU.S.isatriskofbeingeclipsedbyotherArcticstatesforaccessandinfluence. AstheU.S.considerswhetherandatwhatleveltoengageintheArctic,otherlittoralstatesare movingforwardwiththeirownplans.Recently,forexampleRussialaunchedthelargestandmost powerfulicebreakerintheworld.Russiaisfocusingmoremilitarycapabilitiesandeconomic investmentintheArctic.VladimirPutinhasbeenveryclearthatRussiaintendstorampupits Arcticpresence,tellinghisSecurityCouncilintheKremlin,"Overdecades,stepbystep,Russiahas builtup,strengtheneditspositionsintheArctic,andourgoalisnotonlytoregainthem,butalsoto qualitativelystrengthenthem."Russianmilitaryactivityonlyreinforcestheneedtopayattention. Arcticpresenceismulti-faceted,asstatespositionthemselvesviaeconomicandmilitarymeansto competeforinfluenceandaccess.Giventheimportanceofpublic-privatepartnershipinadvancing U.S.nationalsecurityinterestsglobally,non-governmentalorganizations,businessesandother stakeholdersshouldcontributetoU.S.policydecisionsandkeepCongressregularlyconsulted.U.S. SpecialRep.fortheArcticRobertPapprecentlycalledit“vitallyimportant”fortheUSGtokeep “privatebusinessconcernsattheforefront…[as]theywillbringtheirexpertiseandintereststohelp uswithmanyoftheprojectsthatwehavewithintheArcticCouncil.”Commercialopportunities deliverthefunds,resources,andinfrastructurerequiredtobuildastrongregionalpresence. Forexample,CanadahasspurredresponsibleprivateinvestmentbycreatinganArcticEconomic Counciltoconvenepublicandprivatesectorstakeholderstodiscusslocalcommunityinterestin commercialfishing,energyexploration,shipping,scientificresearch,tourismandenvironmental preservation.Public-privatepartnershipsarekeytodevelopingcriticalinfrastructure,whichthe regiondesperatelyneeds. AllmajorU.S.agencyArcticstrategiesrelyongovernmentandprivatesectorcooperation,including privateinfrastructureinvestmentsthatfacilitatepresenceandleverageresources.Giventhe importanceoftheArctictoU.S.interests,itisimperativethatallU.S.nationalsecurityagenciesare consultedandconsiderthenationalsecuritybenefitsofretainingU.S.commercialengagementin theArcticwhenmakingdecisionsonArcticpresence.Ultimately,openingArcticcommercial opportunitieswillresultinenhancedfocus,leadership,andresourcesrequiredtofulfillinvestment needsintheregion.RecenteventsinEuropereinforcestheneedfortheU.S.andouralliesto remaincommittedtoarobustandcooperativeframeworkintheArctic,asresurgentpowerswill seektotakeadvantageoftrans-Atlanticdivisionstofurthertheirinterests.Webelieveitiscritical toestablishameaningfulpresenceintheArcticandensurethatournationandfellowNATO memberscandemonstratetheleadershiptoplayaprominentroleintheregion’sfuture. GeneralJamesL.Jones,USMC(Ret.) FormerNationalSecurityAdvisortoPresidentBarackObama;FormerSupremeAlliedCommander EuropeforNATOandCommanderofU.S.EuropeanCommand AmbassadorMarcGrossman FormerUnderSecretaryofStateforPoliticalAffairs AmbassadorPaulaJ.Dobriansky FormerUnderSecretaryofStateforGlobalAffairs AmbassadorRobertJoseph FormerUnderSecretaryofStateforArmsControlandInternationalSecurity AmbassadorEricEdelman FormerUnderSecretaryofDefenseforPolicy TheHonorableJamesN.Miller FormerUndersecretaryofDefenseforPolicy AmbassadorKristenSilverberg FormerU.S.AmbassadortotheEuropeanUnion AmbassadorKurtVolker FormerU.S.PermanentRepresentativetoNATO TheHonorableAndrewShapiro FormerAssistantSecretaryofStateforPolitical-MilitaryAffairs TheHonorableStephenRademaker FormerAssistantSecretaryofStateforArmsControlandforInternationalSecurityand Nonproliferation TheHonorableDavidJ.Kramer FormerAssistantSecretaryofStateforDemocracy,HumanRightsandLabor TheHonorableDerekChollet FormerAssistantSecretaryofDefenseforInternationalSecurityAffairs JeremyBash FormerChiefofStafftoSecretaryofDefenseLeonPanetta IanBrzezinski FormerDeputyAssistantSecretaryofDefenseforEuropeandNATOPolicy Dr.EvelynFarkas FormerDeputyAssistantSecretaryofDefenseforRussia/Ukraine/Eurasia
