Download Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen

Learning relationships
- user centred approach to the
development of a learning
environment
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
• Eurescom project:
– Sustainability and Social Impact of ICT on
Schools, Homes and Community
– Six countries (Britain, Finland, Portugal,
Norway, Iceland, Slovakia)
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Rationale
Current Educational Services are mostly:
– Individual-based
– Teacher-centric
Future Educational Services need to be:
– Community-based
– Learner-centric
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Goal of the project
• build and demonstrate a learning
service to support learning in both
home and school and to support
multiple communication and interaction
in a web based learning environment
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Main steps to achieve the goal:
• Theoretical background: What is already
known about communication and
interaction in learning?
• Collect and analyse data: Data that
identifies and classifies existing learning
relationships
• Use the data to generate requirements
for defining a new service
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
• build a prototype service (demo) from the
selected service definition
• trial the prototype through field trials in
schools and in community
• specify tools, principles and guidelines
which are acceptable (usable & useful) to
future service creators
• (Understand what parts of the concept
are universal or are culturally specific)
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Decisions of
what data we
need
Data collection
and
analysis
Theoretical
work
Key
Predictors
of ‘good’
learning
relationships
Rule base
Validation
Validation
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Service
Evaluation
Definition
Selection of
the one
service
definition
to be built
Service
Service
Service
Definition
Prototype
Trial
Validation
Service
Creation
Support
Service
Definition
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Theoretical background for the
product design
- theory of learning relationships
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Learning Relationships….
• Moving from ‘what’ to ‘who’
• bridges community and individual level
in learning and organization
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
What are learning relationships?
Community
Learning Relationships
Individual Learner
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Learning Relationship
Characteristics...
• Forms: one-to-one; one-to-many;
and many-to-many.
• Types: teacher centric, “equal”,
learner centric
• Context: situated within social
groupings
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Network of Learning relationships
Community of
learners
Support person
centric,“equal”
or learner centric
Learner
Support
Person
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Different forms of communication in
learning….
• Conceptualisation (support person
centric)
– Clarification
– Confirmation
• Construction ( “equal”)
– Co-operation
– Collaboration
• Identification (learner centric)
– debate
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Data collection
- understanding what the learners are
actually doing
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
1) Identification of the support person
– Questionnaire (questions of daily learning
situations)
• 35 questions about daily learning situations
• example: You have problems with your essay,
who would you ask to help you
– Support persons--> learning network
• (1st, 2nd and 3rd orders)
– Results were verified with the learners
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
• 2) Trying to understand what a
“normal” learning situation is like.
– Learner was presented a problem to be
solved with support person’s assistance
– Situations were videotaped and analysed in
focus of communication and interaction
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
• Background information
– Students
– Friendship patterns, ICT usage, non-school related
activities
– Their school
– Number of students, teachers,
classes, type (private, public), available learning
facilities (Internet, library)
– Their teachers
– age, gender, teaching experience, motivation, ICT
usage in class
– Students’ families
– learning facilities, parents education, profession and
household income
– Environment
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Data modelling
- guidelines for the service definition
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
• Qualitative and quantitative data was
analysed
Typical characteristics of different type
of learning relationships were identified
Indicative set of guidelines for the
service definition formation was created
• Reliability issues?
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Service definitions based on
the results of the user study
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Checking existing services
• finding out what kind of learning
services and technologies are on the
market
• analysing which technologies could be
used, combined, used differently in this
project in order to support
communication and interaction between
the users
• focus group interviews of the users
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
One possible new Learning
Framework….which could be built
Possible delivery technologies....
Lectures,Text books
TV, Radio, CDs
Laboratories,
seminars, field work,
workshops,practicals
Tutorials, informal
chats,
Support person
centric
- Leaner active
- Guidance by
support person
Leaner centric
Audio Streaming
Video Streaming
HTML pages
Java, Shockwave
Remote sensors
Whiteboards
Conferencing
( audio, video, text)
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
Future steps
• Build a prototype, mock-up demo
• Acceptance testing of the prototype
• Service trials with the users in both
home and school
• Guidelines for future service builders
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen
What have we learned?
• User centred approach is dependant on
co-operation and commitment of the
target group
• The involvement of all the project
participants in all the steps is very
important… or at least understanding
what has been done
• A lot of work!
Human Factors in Telecommunications, Raila Ollikainen