Download World War I

Warm Up

A war broke out in Xanxabar. A Utiliat
extremist killed a Xanxabar royal
official…then a bunch of other countries
jumped in

One of our allies is in the war, they want us to
join.

What should we do? Join or not join? Why?
The First World War
– 1914 - 1920
Causes of WWI

1. Nationalism—
devotion to interests
and culture of one’s
nation

Nationalism leads to
competition and hostility
between nations

2. Militarism—
development of armed
forces and their use in
diplomacy

Cost of building and
defending empires leads
to more military spending
Causes of WWI

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3. Alliance System
Triple Entente or
Allies—France, Britain,
Russia
Germany, AustriaHungary, Ottoman
Empire are Central
Powers

4. Imperialism –
extending economic
and political control
over weaker nation.
Militarism
Nationalism
Causes of World
War I
Imperialism
Alliance
System
Loyalties
Green– Allied Powers
Yellow– Central Powers
Gray– Neutral Nations
Assassination- Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Austria-Hungary declared
war on Serbia . .
Russia (allied with Serbia)
declared war on AustriaHungary . . .
Germany (allied with AustriaHungary) declared war on
Russia . . .
France (allied with Russia)
declared war on Germany . .
Britain (allied with France)
declared war on Germany . .
.
Bulgaria and the Ottoman
Empire side with Germany
and Austria-Hungary.
Six other European nations
side with Serbia, Britain,
Russia, and France.
Americans Question Neutrality

Divided loyalty:
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Socialists, pacifists, and
many ordinary people
against U.S. in war
Many feel ties to British
ancestry and democracy;
believe we should help
British
America Wanted
Neutrality


By 1917 three events
lead the U.S. to
prepare for war
1) Economic Ties

U.S. has stronger
economic ties with Allies
than with Central Powers
Fuel on the Fire!

2) U-boat sinks British
liner SS Lusitania

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128 Americans among
the dead
U.S. public opinion turns
against Germany
Germany engages in
unrestricted submarine
war and will sink all ships
in British waters

3) Zimmerman note—
proposes alliance of
Germany and Mexico
against U.S.
Economic Ties with
Allied Powers
American Reasons
for Entering
WWI
Sinking of the
SS Lusitania
Zimmermann
Note
The United States Declares War
In April of 1917,
Congress declared
war on the nations
of the Central
Powers – Wilson
called on the United
States and the Allies
to make the world
“safe for democracy.”
Roosevelt and granddaughter
Edith in 1918
Things to know, but not to write
 “no
man’s land”— A
barren expanse of land
located between the
trenches.
 trench
warfare— A
phenomenon of World
War I as armies fought
for yards of ground over
a period of time usually
ending in a stalemate.
Things to know, but not to write

Convoy System— A
system created in
which military escort
ships guard merchant
and supply ships from
attack (especially by
U-Boats).
Things to know, but not to write
Fighting “Over There”:

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machine guns— Firepower at 600
rounds a minute.
airplanes— The British “Sopwith
Camel” led to dogfights in the air,
recon missions, and aerial bombing.
airships— Provided recon and
transportation.
poison gas— Sickened, burned, and
blinded its victims forcing the use of
gas masks on the battlefield.
tanks— Were used to “mow down”
barbed wire and soldiers.
submarines— Used to sink ships
and provide support for surface
vessels.
Things to know, but not to write
New Hazards in
Warfare:

New Weapons & Tactics—
New tactics, new weapons, and
“trench warfare” all led to
horrific injuries and hazards
(e.g. diseases, lack of sleep, “shell
shock”, fatigue, amputations,
etc.) created tremendous
conditions on the front lines.
The War at Home
Warm Up

What group was put together to make
propaganda for WWI?
Committee on Public Information

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Committee on Public
Information:
Propaganda—biased
communication designed to
influence people
George Creel produces
visual works and printed
matter to promote war
Gets volunteers to speak
positively about war and
distribute materials

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Anti-Immigrant Panic:
Attacks against immigrants,
especially from Germany
and Austria-Hungary
Espionage and Sedition Acts

Espionage and
Sedition Acts - person
can be fined,
imprisoned for:


interfering with war effort
and speaking out against
government
Citizens argue that the
act violate 1st
amendment
The War at Home (Domestic Affairs)

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Economy shifts from
producing consumer
goods to war supplies
Congress gives
president direct control
of much of the
economy
urges mass-production
and standardizing
products

Industrial wages rise:


offset by rising costs of
food and housing
Large corporations
make enormous profits
Women in the War

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Many women take jobs
in heavy industry
previously held by men
Many do volunteer work
for war effort
Women’s effort during
WWI encourage
support for suffrage
19th Amendment –
gives women the right
to vote

18th amendmentcreates prohibition,
bans the consumption
and sell of alcohol
The Great Migration


Great Migration—
large-scale movement
of Southern blacks to
North
African Americans want
to:


escape racial
discrimination
Take up new job
opportunities
Outcome
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armistice— Truce and cease-fire which stopped the
fighting – Occurred November 11, 1918 and took
affect at 11:11 am.
The Final Toll— Deaths numbered about 22
million (more than half were civilians) and cost
about $338 billion worldwide.
American Costs— Nearly 48,000 Americans were
killed with another 62,000 dying of disease and
another 250,000 wounded.
Flu Epidemic – killed 30 million people worldwide
Wilson Fights for Peace

Wilson’s “Fourteen
Points”— Even before
the war was over,
Wilson presented his
plan for world peace
which was divided into
three parts . . .
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson Fights for Peace

“Fourteen Points” (points 1st
through 5th)— Addressed
preventing another war.

“Fourteen Points” (points
6th through 13th)—
Addressed boundary
changes in Europe by (1)
creating new nations, and
(2) redrawing the national
lines of current nations.
Versailles Hall – Site of the
treaty discussion.
Wilson Fights for Peace

“Fourteen Points” (Point
14th)— Addressed the
creation of an international
organization of nations
known as the “League of
Nations” to address issues
in public forum.
Versailles Hall – Site of the
treaty discussion.
Weaknesses of Treaty of Versailles

War guilt clause – Germany made to admit
start of war and made to pay reparations

Russia – who lost more people in the war
than anyone, also lost the most land

League of nations not adopted by US
because the US wanted to be isolationists