Download Effect of High Concentrations of Leukocytes on

From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on August 2, 2017. For personal use only.
Effect
of High
Concentrations
of Leukocytes
Blood
By
Whole
blood
leukemic
that
of
in
viscosity
of
leukoeytosis
cell
with
volume
suspension
found
to
erythrocytes.
tween
a
We
the
a
also
found
no
of
the
leukocyte
count
been
noted.’4
To
on blood
viscosity
leukocyte
be-
Thirteen
patients
were
E. CiiRf
whole
of
blood
anemia
This,
ability
of
the
The
patients
with
elevation
as well
blood
that
viscosity.
in the
prevented
TPCV.
by
leukocyte
as the
viscosity
could
greater
their
van-
obscured
have
viscosity
of
normal
been
of
any
produced
massed
leuko-
cytes.
OF
RED
CELLS
and plasma
viscosity
are the
the
viscosity
of normal
blood
at high
flow
effect
because
of their
relatively
small
numbers.
elevated,
the effect
measured
patients
with
changes
in viscosity
of
blood
of high
concentrations
of leukothe viscosity
of whole
blood
and
myeloproliferative
disorders
and
leukemia.
AND
MATERIALS
leukemia
and
increase
is greatly
from
lymphocytic
count
investigate
we have
concentrates
chronic
than
relation
the
STANLEY
leukemia
and
viscosity
AND
presence
total
studied
greaten
magnitude
to
Leukocytes
HE CONCENTRATION
major
factors
determining
rates.
Leukocytes
have
little
have
cytes
with
similar
T
When
STEINBERG
compared
(TPCV).
were
have
Viscosity
patients
was
normals
packed
H.
MARTIN
on Whole
with
various
studied.
METHODS
myeloproliferative
Leukocyte
counts,
disorders
packed
cell
and
volumes,
chronic
and
lymphocytic
differential
counts
were
determined
using
standard
hematologic
techniques.
Blood
was
anticoagulated
with
dried
heparin
or balanced
oxalate.
Leukocytes
were
separated
by aspiration
of the huffy
coat after
centrifugation
and resuspended
in autologous
plasma.
Viscosity
was
measured
at 25#{176}Cwith a Brookfield
cone and plate
viscometer
(RVT
0.3)
between
shear
rates of
5 and 1500
sec-1.
Controls
were
obtained
from
a normal
population
with
similar
total
packed
cell volume
(TPCV)
and plasma
viscosity
but without
leukocytosis.
The
data
were
plotted
as
the
square
root
of
shear
and resulted
in a straight
line. The slope of the
apparent
viscosity
of blood,
K2, or the minimum
at
high
flow
From the
Departments
Mass.
Submitted
Supported
and Metabolic
line
stress
vs.
K, when
the
square
root
shear
rate
minimum
to have
England
Medical
Center
Hospitals,
Tufts
University
School
of Medicine,
and the
Boston,
blood
would
was
of
the
appear
viscosity
squared,
rate.
Blood
Research
of Medicine
Laboratory,
and Physiology,
New
February
25, 1971; revised
April 6, 1971; accepted
April 7, 1971.
in part by USPHS
Grant
AM 12444
from the National
Institute
of Arthritis
Diseases.
MARTIN
H. STEINBERG,
M.D.:
Jackson
Veterans
Administration
Center,
Jackson,
Miss.;
formerly
Research
Fellow,
Blood
Research
Laboratory,
New England
Medical
Center
Hospitals,
Fellow
of the American
Cancer
Society,
and Research
Fellow
in Medicine,
Tufts
University
School
of Medicine,
Boston,
Mass.
STANLEY
E. CHAlirsi,
Sc.D.:
Associate
Professor
of Biochemistry
and Scientific
Director
of the New
England
Enzyme
Center,
Tufts
University
School
of Medicine,
Boston,
Mass.
BLOOD,
VOL.
38,
No.
3
(SEPTEMBER),
1971
299
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on August 2, 2017. For personal use only.
300
STEINBERG
AND
CHARM
.540
.520
.500#{149}
0
.480
0
A
.460
A
0
Fig.
.440
Ci
.420
A
ity
vs.
of plasma
volume
normal
and
sub-
patients
leukocytic
0
viscos-
cell
for
jects
.400
blood
total
fraction
0
‘
1.-Ratio
to minimum
0
with
disorders.
.380
0
.360
0
A
.340
3)
0
Normal
A
Patients
2
Control
A
A
-6
.30C
30
32
34
36
38
plasma
were
viscosity
by expressing
them
is the TPCV);
and
44
(‘P)
Cell
normalized
42
Volume
Pocked
Data
40
Laboratory
of the data
data
for
Statistical
difference
exists
ties or the ratio
of plasma
The
viscosity
cell volume
leukocytes
studies,
blood
of
blood
(TPCV)
is sufficient
patients
with
viscosities.1’2’4
of
We
viscosity
kemia,
the
have
in
chronic
j, (where
is the
are detailed
in Table
patients
shows
that
viscosities
viscosities.
a complex
or
whole
manner
viscosity
as
should
rise
elevation
of
viscosi-
total
packed
the
if
was
mm
and
said
to
lymphocytic
the
be
volume
the
number
TPCV.
of
a feature
In
leukemia
cells
chronic
because
of
earlier
elevated
until
the
white
of
1.
no
blood
leukocytosis
were
found
to have
that
changes
were
not seen
50,000/cu
viscosity
studied
leukemic
a significant
leukemia
and
It was suggested
was
granulo-
of
the
larger
granulocyte.4
found
(Fig.
insures
no
relationship
1). The
that
in
greater
than
of less flexibility
between
variable
degree
most
instances
presence
of marked
leukocytosis.
Leukocytes
in suspension,
siderably
because
patients
and
Thus,
vs.
DIscusSIoN
plasma
blood
increases
increases.
to provide
leukocyte
count
exceeded
at least
3%4
Increased
cytic
leukemia
and not
size
between
to whole
of js/K2
1.
AND
of the
normals
48%
as a plot
see Fig.
RESULTS
Clinical
and
A comparison
46
the
however,
leukocyte
of anemia,
TPCV
is
were
same
volume
of
and greater
internal
count
and
whole
blood
usually
a feature
not
elevated
even
found
erythrocytes
viscosity.3
to
have
(Table
of leuin the
a viscosity
2),
con-
probably
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on August 2, 2017. For personal use only.
CONCENTRATIONS
Table
Total
Patient
301
OF LEUKOCYTES
Diagnosis
1.-Clinical
Cell
volume,
4’
CLL#{176}
CLL
CLL
39
48
4
CLL
39
5
6
7
CGL
CGL
AGL
8
9
10
11
12
13
f
visOOsity,
(centipoises)
Plasma
visity,
K2
M/K’
(centipoises)
1.2
4.84
1.72
0.357
13.7
4.5
5.0
5.62
3.84
4.80
1.66
0.295
1.66
1.59
0.432
3.61
1.61
0.445
6.35
4.93
4.00
3.94
4.00
5.81
3.09
3.84
3.96
1.96
1.74
0.308
0.352
1.5
44
48
41
13.8
3.0
3.4
AGL
34
4.0
AGL
35
16.0
PV §
CLL
CLL
AGL
55
3.5
35
35
40
21.0
21.0
4.0
lymphocytic
Data
BlOOd
(%)
45
48
Normal
0
1
2
3
Laboratory
and
Leukocyte
Packed
Cell Volume
Packed
0.331
1.69
0.422
1.85
0.469
1.66
0.415
1.73
1.37
1.44
1.22
0.297
0.443
0.375
0.308
leukemia.
I Chronic
granulocytic
leukemia.
Acute granulocytic
leukemia.
§ Polycythemia
vera.
The
presence
found
of anemia
in the
and
plasma
that
could
Thus
the
normal
viscosity,
have
patients
due
tended
been
results
in the
population,
in
to obscure
caused
the
and
to
by
the
groups
two
the
variability
differences
any
in
increase
greater
to
be
cell
of whole
viscosity
appear
of blood
red
of
without
viscosity
concentration
blood
massed
viscosity
leukocytes.
differences.
REFERENCES
1. Austrian,
in health
and
22:9,
C. R.:
The
disease.
viscosity
Johns
of blood
Hopkins
Bull.
1911.
Clinical
diagnosis
by
of the blood and the
with special
reference
to the viscosiof W. R. Hess.
J. Lab. Clin. Med.
3. Dintenfass,
L.:
red and white
4:597, 1965.
blood
Viscosity
cells.
of
Exp.
the
packed
Molec.
Path.
2. Bircher,
M. C.:
the aid of viscosimetry
4. Stephens,
D. J.: Relation
of viscosity
of blood
to leukocyte
count,
with particular
serum
meter
7:134,
reference
Soc.
to chronic myelogenous
Exp. Biol. Med. 35:251,
leukemia.
1936.
1921.
Table
Group#{176}
Total
Packed
Cell
volume,
A
2.-Viscosity
48
Lymphocytes
48
Whole
Normal
blood
blood
Lymphocytes
blood
Normal
blood
28
35
28
a viscosity,
Myeloblasts
Whole
Normal
jz,
was
Suspension
Percentage
Whole
48
Plasm
in
of
Leukocytes
48
C
Leukocytes
Sample
48
B
of
4’
48
0
Proc.
co nstant
in each
blood
blood
group.
100.0
13.7
1.3
94.0
Blood
vis,sity,
(centipoises)
21.6
5.62
4.17
9.30
5.0
4.80
1.2
3.83
96.0
16.0
<1.0
4.28
4.00
3.08
K3
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on August 2, 2017. For personal use only.
1971 38: 299-301
Effect of High Concentrations of Leukocytes on Whole Blood Viscosity
MARTIN H. STEINBERG and STANLEY E. CHARM
Updated information and services can be found at:
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/38/3/299.full.html
Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections
Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at:
http://www.bloodjournal.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests
Information about ordering reprints may be found online at:
http://www.bloodjournal.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints
Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at:
http://www.bloodjournal.org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml
Blood (print ISSN 0006-4971, online ISSN 1528-0020), is published weekly by the American Society of
Hematology, 2021 L St, NW, Suite 900, Washington DC 20036.
Copyright 2011 by The American Society of Hematology; all rights reserved.