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Problems for Weimar 1919-1922 Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919: Reparations Arms limited War Guilt Demilitarised of Rhineland End of Austrian Union Army made smaller Land taken Stabbed in the back myth starts Germany becomes a republic Spartacist Rising 1919: Communists try to seize power. Fails when the Freikorps stops it. Shooting on the streets. Nazi Party set up 1920: Kapp Putsch 1920: Freikorps try to seize power and pushed Weimar government out Berlin. Reparations set 1921: Set at 6.6 billion which leads to government printing money and causing hyperinflation. Crisis Years 1923 Invasion of the Ruhr January: Belgium and France invade Germany because German was unable to keep up with payments. Instead they would take their resources such as coal. Weimar government promotes passive resistance. This causes hyperinflation to get worse. Hyperinflation: Government prints too much money which causes the value to decreas and therefore prices go up rapidly. Government was printing money for passive resistance and reparations. Weimar looks like it can’t control the economy. Munich Putsch November: The Nazis try to seize power with an uprising in Munich. It fails when two politicians called Kahr and Lossow back out. This results in 16 Nazis dying, Hitler going to prison and Nazi party being banned. However, it was good publicity. Recovery 1923-29 Stresemann becomes Chancellor: Created long-lasting coalitions. Grand Coalition. Introduces a new currency 1923: The Rentenmark was introduced to help stop hyperinflation. Dawes Plan 1924: Takes 800 million in loans from America and gives longer to pay them. This helps reduce and stop Hyperinflation. Businesses start to grow but built on debt. Which was described as “Dancing on a volcano”. Locarno Pact 1925: European countries agreed to borders of every country. German people feel safer from invasion. League of Nations 1926: Germany allowed to join, they feel like they have allies and are safer. Young Plan 1929: Germany’s reparations payments are lowered. Wall Street Crash 1929: Ends the Golden age Hitler’s Rise to power 1929-33 Wall Street Crash 1929: America asks for it loans back, banks and businesses collapse and 30% of the country becomes unemployed. The Nazis offer work and bread. Hitler was good at speaking. Nazis good at using propaganda: Goebbels was good at creating an appealing message using modern techniques. Nazis win seats in the Reichstag 1932: In July they win 230 seats and in November it drops to 196. Communist see large gain scaring middle class. Coalitions fail 1930’s: Both Von Papen and Schleicher (lasted 2 months) failed to govern. Von Papen makes deal with Hitler 1933: Von Papen makes deal that Hitler would become chancellor if Von Papen was his Vice chancellor believing they could control him. Hitler’s Consolidation 1933-34 Reichstag Fire 1933: Reichstag was burnt down and was blamed on the communists. Van der Lube was blamed for it. This allowed the Nazis to ban the communists giving the Nazis a majority. Allowing them to control the Reichstag. Enabling Act 1933: Hitler passes a law that allows him to use emergency powers which allows him to pass any laws without the Reichstag. He uses this to ban freedom of speech, press etc. As well as setting up gestapo. Night of Long Knives 1934: Hitler arranges for the murders of leading SA and leading opponents. This allowed him to get support of the army who were scared of the SA. Also by killing leading Nazis like Ernst Rohm he got rid of threats within his own party. Death of Hindenburg: 1934 Hitler merges the role of President and Chancellor. No one can remove him. Oath of Loyalty: 1934 Army was to swear to protect and obey Hitler. This gives Hitler control of the army as a tool to spread fear and give him control. Life in Germany 1933-39 Gestapo set up 1933: Secret police that arrested opponents could tap phones etc. Strength Through Joy 1933: Organisation to help working people. Gave out holidays, cars etc. Hitler youth created 1933: Created to indoctrinate children. Taught race science, create soldiers through marches etc. Concordat: Deal between Nazis and the Catholic church Reich Church set up 1933: Nazis try and control protestant church creating Nazi symbols in church Concentration Camps set up 1933: First used for opponents of the Nazis. Then for minority groups. Nuremburg Laws 1935 Laws passed to remove Jewish rights e.g. can’t marry non-Jews. German Olympics 1936 Hid anti-Jewish treatment Night of Broken Glass 1938: Mass attack of Jewish shops and synagogues. Propaganda lied about employment figures as women and minority groups not included Collapse and WW2 1939-45 Ghettos set up 1939. Jews moved to walled off parts of cities. Hitler youth was made compulsory 1939: Children becoming harder to control opposition group’s start. Jews forced to wear Star of David 1942. This makes it easily to collect and kill Jews Rationing introduced 1939 People no longer getting free stuff. Operation Barbarossa 1941: Germany starts to lose the war when they invade Russia Wannsee Conference 1942 Plan for the final solution of Jewish people Bombing of Germany cities 1943 Cities like Dresden and Hamburg are bombed heavily July Bomb Plot 1944. Army leaders try to kill Hitler Hitler commits suicide 1945: Nazi command collapses and WW2 is lost.