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Problems for
Weimar 1919-1922
Treaty of Versailles
signed in 1919:
Reparations
Arms limited
War Guilt
Demilitarised of
Rhineland
End of Austrian
Union
Army made smaller
Land taken
Stabbed in the back
myth starts
Germany becomes
a republic
Spartacist Rising
1919:
Communists try to
seize power. Fails
when the Freikorps
stops it. Shooting on
the streets.
Nazi Party set up
1920:
Kapp Putsch 1920:
Freikorps try to
seize power and
pushed Weimar
government out
Berlin.
Reparations set
1921: Set at 6.6
billion which leads
to government
printing money and
causing
hyperinflation.
Crisis Years
1923
Invasion of the Ruhr
January:
Belgium and France
invade Germany
because German was
unable to keep up with
payments. Instead they
would take their
resources such as coal.
Weimar government
promotes passive
resistance. This causes
hyperinflation to get
worse.
Hyperinflation:
Government prints too
much money which
causes the value to
decreas and therefore
prices go up rapidly.
Government was
printing money for
passive resistance and
reparations. Weimar
looks like it can’t control
the economy.
Munich Putsch
November: The Nazis
try to seize power with
an uprising in Munich. It
fails when two
politicians called Kahr
and Lossow back out.
This results in 16 Nazis
dying, Hitler going to
prison and Nazi party
being banned. However,
it was good publicity.
Recovery
1923-29
Stresemann becomes
Chancellor: Created
long-lasting coalitions.
Grand Coalition.
Introduces a new
currency 1923:
The Rentenmark was
introduced to help stop
hyperinflation.
Dawes Plan 1924:
Takes 800 million in
loans from America and
gives longer to pay
them. This helps reduce
and stop Hyperinflation.
Businesses start to grow
but built on debt. Which
was described as
“Dancing on a volcano”.
Locarno Pact 1925:
European countries
agreed to borders of
every country. German
people feel safer from
invasion.
League of Nations 1926:
Germany allowed to
join, they feel like they
have allies and are
safer.
Young Plan 1929:
Germany’s reparations
payments are lowered.
Wall Street Crash 1929:
Ends the Golden age
Hitler’s Rise to power
1929-33
Wall Street Crash 1929:
America asks for it loans
back, banks and
businesses collapse and
30% of the country
becomes unemployed.
The Nazis offer work
and bread.
Hitler was good at
speaking.
Nazis good at using
propaganda: Goebbels
was good at creating an
appealing message
using modern
techniques.
Nazis win seats in the
Reichstag 1932:
In July they win 230
seats and in November
it drops to 196.
Communist see large
gain scaring middle
class.
Coalitions fail 1930’s:
Both Von Papen and
Schleicher (lasted 2
months) failed to
govern.
Von Papen makes deal
with Hitler 1933:
Von Papen makes deal
that Hitler would
become chancellor if
Von Papen was his Vice
chancellor believing
they could control him.
Hitler’s Consolidation
1933-34
Reichstag Fire 1933:
Reichstag was burnt down
and was blamed on the
communists. Van der Lube
was blamed for it. This
allowed the Nazis to ban the
communists giving the Nazis
a majority. Allowing them to
control the Reichstag.
Enabling Act 1933:
Hitler passes a law that
allows him to use
emergency powers which
allows him to pass any laws
without the Reichstag. He
uses this to ban freedom of
speech, press etc. As well as
setting up gestapo.
Night of Long Knives 1934:
Hitler arranges for the
murders of leading SA and
leading opponents. This
allowed him to get support
of the army who were
scared of the SA. Also by
killing leading Nazis like
Ernst Rohm he got rid of
threats within his own party.
Death of Hindenburg: 1934
Hitler merges the role of
President and Chancellor.
No one can remove him.
Oath of Loyalty: 1934
Army was to swear to
protect and obey Hitler. This
gives Hitler control of the
army as a tool to spread fear
and give him control.
Life in Germany
1933-39
Gestapo set up 1933:
Secret police that arrested
opponents could tap
phones etc.
Strength Through Joy 1933:
Organisation to help
working people. Gave out
holidays, cars etc.
Hitler youth created 1933:
Created to indoctrinate
children. Taught race
science, create soldiers
through marches etc.
Concordat: Deal between
Nazis and the Catholic
church
Reich Church set up 1933:
Nazis try and control
protestant church creating
Nazi symbols in church
Concentration Camps set
up 1933:
First used for opponents of
the Nazis. Then for
minority groups.
Nuremburg Laws 1935
Laws passed to remove
Jewish rights e.g. can’t
marry non-Jews.
German Olympics 1936
Hid anti-Jewish treatment
Night of Broken Glass
1938: Mass attack of Jewish
shops and synagogues.
Propaganda lied about
employment figures as
women and minority
groups not included
Collapse and
WW2 1939-45
Ghettos set up 1939.
Jews moved to
walled off parts of
cities.
Hitler youth was
made compulsory
1939: Children
becoming harder to
control opposition
group’s start.
Jews forced to wear
Star of David 1942.
This makes it easily
to collect and kill
Jews
Rationing
introduced 1939
People no longer
getting free stuff.
Operation
Barbarossa 1941:
Germany starts to
lose the war when
they invade Russia
Wannsee
Conference 1942
Plan for the final
solution of Jewish
people
Bombing of
Germany cities 1943
Cities like Dresden
and Hamburg are
bombed heavily
July Bomb Plot 1944.
Army leaders try to
kill Hitler
Hitler commits
suicide 1945: Nazi
command collapses
and WW2 is lost.