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Module 25
Banking and
Money Creation
KRUGMAN'S
MACROECONOMICS for AP*
Margaret Ray and David Anderson
What you will learn
in this Module:
• The role of banks in the economy
• The reasons for and types of banking
regulation
• How banks create money
The Monetary Role of Banks
• More than half of the
M1 is currency
• The rest is demand
deposits
What Banks Do
•Financial Intermediary
•Bank Reserves
•T - Account
Assets & Liabilities
•Reserve Ratio
•Required Reserve Ratio
The Problem of Bank Runs
•Customer Deposits > Bank Reserves
•Why does this usually work?
•Bank Run
•Why?
•Bank Failure
Bank Regulation
•Deposit Insurance
•FDIC
•Capital Requirements
•Reserve Requirements
•The Discount Window
Determining the Money Supply
How Banks Create Money
Reserves, Bank Deposits, and
the Money Multiplier
•“Leaks”
•Excess Reserves
•rr = reserve ratio
•Loan Expansion = Excess Reserves / rr
The Money Multiplier in Reality
•Monetary Base
•Money Multiplier
INSERT FIGURE 25.4
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