Download Review Guide

PHYSICS
REVIEW SHEET
2010 MID-TERM EXAM
Concepts And Definitions
Definitions of fact, hypothesis, law, theory
Explain the scientific method
Difference between average and instantaneous speed and speed and velocity
Describe Acceleration and Free Fall
Distinguish between scalars and vectors
Add and resolve vectors into their components
Predict impact distances, horizontal and vertical velocities for all projectiles
Desiree circular motion and the resultant forces associated with it
Explain and apply Newton's three laws
Distinguish between weight and mass
Calculate and explain the effects of friction
Describe air resistance and terminal velocity
Use the impulse equation to explain real-life situations
Describe and calculate problems using the Law of Conservation of Momentum
Relate work, potential energy and kinetic energy to one another
Apply the Law of Conservation of Energy
Calculate the efficiency of a machine
Explain how torque and center of mass affect rotation
Explain the Law of Universal Gravity
Evaluate the contributions of Galileo and Kepler to the study of Mechanics
Sample Problems
1. You want to complete a 500 mile trip in 10 hours. Yet, because of the ever-present construction zones, you only
average 40 mph for the first two hours. You then need to stop for lunch, which kills another 1/2 hour.
How fast must you drive (on average) to complete the trip on time?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
2. If an airplane can go from its top speed of 48 m/s to a taxi speed of 5.5 m/s in 8.37 seconds, how long a runway
does it need?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
3. How fast is a rock moving as it strikes the pavement if it is dropped from the top of a building that is 223 meters
tall?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
Distance v Time
60
Distance (in m)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
Tim e (in m in )
4. When is the car stopped? __________
5. When is the car speeding up? __________
6. When is the car slowing down? __________
7. When is the car traveling at its fastest constant speed? __________
8. How far did the car travel in the first 15 minutes? __________
9. How fast is the car traveling at t = 15 minutes? __________
10. When is the car furthest from the observer? __________
11. When does the car pass the observer? __________
12. How far is the car from the observer at t = 40 minutes? __________
13. How fast is the car traveling at t = 30 minutes? __________
30
40
Velocity vs Time
20
18
Velocity (in m/s)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Tim e (in seconds)
14. When is the car not moving? __________
15. When is the car moving at its fastest speed? __________
16. How fast is the car traveling at t = 10 seconds? __________
17. How far does the car travel in the first ten seconds? __________
18. When is the car speeding up? __________
19. When is the car slowing down? __________
20. When is the car gaining speed at the highest rate? __________
21. What is the acceleration of the car at t = 56 seconds? __________
22. What is the acceleration of the car at t = 20 seconds? __________
23. What is the acceleration of the car at t = 32 seconds? __________
24. How far does the car travel in the first minute? __________
25. A motorboat heads due east at 12.0 m/s across a river that flows towards the south with a current of 3.50 m/s.
A. What is the resultant velocity of the boat?
DIAGRAM
MATH
ANSWER
B. If the river is 1360 m wide, how long does it take the boat to cross?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
C. How far downstream is the boat when it reaches the other side?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
26. A boy and a girl both swim at 3.0 m/s. They jump into a river 1.0 km across, with a current of 2.0 m/s to the
east..
A. The boy faces due north at all times. What is his resultant velocity?
DIAGRAM
MATH
ANSWER
B. The girl swims so that she ends up directly across the river. What is her resultant speed?
DIAGRAM
MATH
ANSWER
C. In what direction should she head?
DIAGRAM
MATH
ANSWER
D. How many minutes does it take each to cross the river?
DIAGRAM
MATH
ANSWER
27. A cannon is shot horizontally at a speed of 150 m/s off of a cliff 45 meters high. How far away from the base of
the cliff will the cannonball land?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
28. If a shell is fired from a cannon with a velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of 30 °, how far will the shell travel away
from the cannon?
DIAGRAM
MATH
ANSWER
29. What is the acceleration of a 820 kg car that is being pushed by a truck with a force of 7,000N if the  between
the tires and the road is 0.87?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
30. What is the force of friction acting on a 140 kg box sliding at 2.5 m/s down a 15° ramp if the  between the box
and the ramp is 0.83?
DIAGRAM
MATH
ANSWER
31. What is the tension in the chain used to hold a 225 kg sign up and to a wall if the chain makes a 25° angle up
from horizontal?
DIAGRAM
MATH
ANSWER
32. What force is required to cause a 25 kg sled, moving at 20 m/s to be slowed to 3 m/s in 1.5 seconds?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
33. A 65 kg ice skater traveling east at 6.0 m/s runs head-on into an 85 kg skater traveling straight west at 4.5 m/s.
At what speed and in what direction do the ice skaters travel if they move together after the collision?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
34. A 40 kg projectile leaves a 2000 kg launcher with a speed of 400 m/s. Calculate the recoil velocity of the
launcher.
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
35. A 4.0 kg object traveling westward at 25 m/s hits a 15 kg object at rest. The 4.0 kg object bounces eastward at
8.0 m/s. What is the velocity of the 15 kg object?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
36. A bulldozer pushed a large rock with a force of 5000 N over a 20.0 m distance in 40 seconds. How much power
does the bulldozer generate?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
37. A 4 kg mass is raised to a height and now has a potential energy of 784 J. To what height was it lifted?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
38. A car whose mass is 1500 kg has a Kinetic Energy of 168,750 J. What is its speed?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER
39. How much poweris generated by a 75 kg boy who can run up 20 stairs (each 10.3 cm tall) in 5.25 seconds?
DATA
EQUATIONS
MATH
ANSWER