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Superluminal Quantum Models of the Electron and the Photon Richard Gauthier www.superluminalquantum.org American Physical Society Annual Meeting Dallas, April 23, 2006 Session H12: New Directions in Particle Theory Introduction • 1. Superluminal quantum model of the photon— Uncharged superluminal quantum moves in an open helical trajectory of radius R / 2 . • 2. Superluminal quantum model of the electron— Charged superluminal quantum moves in a closed double-looped helical trajectory with equal to one Compton wavelength h / mc. • 3. Zitterbewegung (Dirac equation electron’s “jittery motion”) and the superluminal quantum model of the electron Parameters of superluminal quantum model of the photon Photon Parameter 1. Detected particle Superluminal Quantum Model Parameter Uncharged superluminal point-like quantum 2. Energy Angular frequency along helix 3. Momentum Pitch of helix 4. Spin Radius of helical axis 5. Polarization Helicity of helix 6. Speed Longitudinal velocity component / 2 or c Trajectory equations for superluminal quantum model of a photon photon spin sz photon momentum pz h / Position and momentum components for a right-handed photon: h px (t ) sin(t ) x(t ) cos(t ) 2 h p y (t ) cos(t ) y (t ) sin(t ) 2 h pz (t ) z (t ) ct Superluminal Quantum Model of the Photon Superluminal quantum’s speed along helical trajectory is 1.414c. Superluminal quantum model of the photon and the Heisenberg uncertainty relation root mean square (rms) value • In photon model: superluminal quantum’s transverse coordinates: 1 1 h h xpx ( )( ) 4 2 2 2 • Heisenberg uncertainty relation: h x p x 4 Parameters of superluminal quantum model of the electron Electron Parameter Superluminal Quantum Model Parameter 1. Mass/energy Compton wavelength 2. Charge Point-like charge 3. Spin Radius of helical axis 1 4. Magnetic moment Radius of helix 5. Electron or positron Helicity of helix h / mc e / mc 2 / mc 2 or 2 Superluminal quantum model of the electron Equations of the superluminal quantum’s trajectory —a closed, double-looped helix x(t ) R0 (1 2 cos(0t )) cos(20t ) y (t ) R0 (1 2 cos(0t ))sin(20t ) z (t ) R0 2 sin(0t ) R0 2mc =1.9 10-13m 0 mc 2 7.9 1020 / sec Two views of the superluminal quantum model of the electron The small circle is the axis of the double-looped helical trajectory. The maximum speed of superluminal quantum along its trajectory is 2.515c . Dirac equation’s Zitterbewegung (“jittery motion”) properties of the superluminal quantum model of the electron 1. Superluminal quantum circulates with a longitudinal component of velocity equal to the speed of light c (The eigenvalue of the Dirac Zitterbewegung solution). 2. Superluminal quantum model of the electron has internal Zitterbewegung angular frequency: zitt 20 2mc / 1.6 10 / sec 2 21 3. Superluminal model of the electron has Zitterbewegung amplitude: R0 13 / mc 1.9 10 m Superluminal quantum model of electron: x rms yrms zrms R0 1 2 Other Dirac equation properties of the superluminal quantum model of the electron 4. Spin of superluminal quantum model of electron sz 1 2 5. Magnetic moment of superluminal quantum model of electron M z e / 2m 6. Gyromagnetic ratio of superluminal quantum model of electron g2 7. Superluminal quantum positron predicted -- 2 possible helicities of superluminal quantum model of electron: electron and positron Conclusions • The superluminal quantum models of the electron and the photon are visualizable quantum models containing many quantitative properties of the electron and the photon. • The superluminal quantum model of the electron can be tested by projecting left and right-handed gamma photons on electrons and comparing scattering rates. (Different scattering rates – model supported).