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INVENTORS and SCIENTISTS Magnifying glass – 1250 Bacon Printing press with moveable type - 1450 Guttenberg Heliocentric planetary model - 1535 Copernicus Modern calendar – 1582 pope Gregory 13 Astronomical telescope – 1609 Galileo Function of the heart and complete circulation of the blood – 1616 Analytical geometry – 1637 Descartes Calculating machine – 1642 Pascal Barometer – 1643 Torricelli Calculus – 1666 Newton Reflecting telescope – 1668 Newton Speed of light – 1675 Romer Bacteria – 1683 van Leeuwenhook Periodicity of comet orbits – 1695 Halley Machine seed drill – 1701 tull Mercury thermometer – 1718 fahrenheit Threshing machine – 1732 menz Plant and animal classification system – 1735 Hydrogen – 1766 Oxygen – 1774 (3 men) linnaeus cavendish scheele, priestly, lavoisier Uranus – 1781, Infrared light – 1800 herschel Bifocal Lenses – 1784 Benjamin Franklin Harvey Cotton gin Parts – 1793 Eli Whitney Method for storing electricity –1800 Alessandro Volta Modern atomic theory – 1803 John Dalton Wind scale – 1806 Beaufort Electric motor principle – 1821 Michael Faraday Electromagnetic induction – 1831 Electrical resistance – 1827 Ohm 1st photographs – 1837 Daguerre Plant cells – 1838 Schleiden Animal cells – 1839 Schwann Vulcanization of rubber – 1839 Goodyear Sewing machine – 1846 Howe Absolute zero – 1851 Lord Kelvin (William Thompson) Passenger elevator – 1857 Otis Steel and iron making - 1860’s Bessemer Refutation of spontaneous generation – 1864 Pasteur Swedish - Nitroglycerine and dynamite explosive – 1867 Alfred Nobel Railroad sleeping car – 1864 Pullman Genetics – 1865 Mendel Introduction of antiseptic practices in hospitals-1867 Periodic Law – 1869 Lister Mendeleyev Phonograph – 1877; Three wired system for transporting electrical power – 1882 Alkaline battery – 1900 Edison Cathode Ray tube – (early TV) 1878 Crookes Gram bacteria test – 1884 Gram Aluminum electrolysis project – 1886 Charles Martin Hall Railway car brake – 1886 Westinghouse Hand Camera – 1888 Eastman Alternating current motor – 1888 Tesla Argon Gas & helium – 1894 Ramsey Wireless telegraph (radio) – 1895 Marconi Science of radioactivity – 1896 Becquerel Conditioned reflexes (on dogs) – 1897 Pavlov Discovered electrons; "plum pudding model" - 1898 JJ Thompson Quantum theory – 1901 Planck 1st Nobel prize in chemistry - organic stuff "father of physical chemistry" - 1901 Van't Hoff 1st Nobel prize in Physics for dicovering X-rays - 1901 Roentgen Radium and Polonium – 1902 Pierre and Marie Curie Brownian motion, photoelectric effect - 1905 Albert Einstein Dutch - forces holding molecules together - 1905 Van der Waals N. Zealander (England) ; Discovered and named alpha, beta, gamma; nucleus; theory of nuclear structure; 1st nuclear reaction – 1911 Ernest Rutherford Danish; theory of atomic structure 1915 Niels Bohr Plate techtonic theory - 1912 Wegener Assembly line – 1913 Henry Ford American; measured charge on an electron; "oil drop experiment" Liquid fueled rocket – 1926 Robert H. Goddard Milliken Uncertainty principle in physics – 1927 Werner Heisenberg Penicillin – 1928 Fleming Geiger Counter (radioactivity) – 1928 Geiger Frozen food – 1929 Birdseye Pluto – 1930 Tombaugh Neutron – 1932 Chadwick Citric acid cycle – 1937 Krebs Black hole concept – 1939 Oppenheimer First sustained and controlled release of nuclear energy – 1942 Fermi Atomic Bomb – 1945 oppenheimer First supersonic flight – 1947 Yeager Berkelium (and other elements) – 1949 Seaborg DNA – 1953 Watson and Crick 1954/1962 - nobel chemistry/peace prizes Linus Pauling Injected polio vaccine Salk Oral polio vaccine (live) - 1957 Sabin discovered radiation belts above Earth – 1958 James Van Allen 1st two men on the moon, 1969 Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin British math/physics genius; studies space, time' and relativity; Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS) Stephen Hawking 6 categories of Nobel prizes (since 1901) phys, chem, med/physiology, lit, peace, economics (added later)
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