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RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
A. M. PROKHOROV GENERAL PHYSICS
INSTITUTE
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
A. M. Prokhorov, the founder of General Physics Institute
July 11, 1916 – January 8, 2002
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
GPI Headquarters
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
GPI Staff as for March 1, 2007
Research centers
3
Branches
2
Research departments
27
Total number of employees
1034 (961)
Members of Rus. Acad. of Sci.
6
Researchers (total), including:
510
full professors
113
PhD’s
260
chief researchers
17
leading researchers
50
senior researchers
168
researchers
112
junior researchers
44
postgraduates
52
Technical staff
337
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
2005
2006
BASIC
(GOVERNMENT)
FUNDING
ADDITIONAL FUNDING
(grants, contracts, etc.)
99,0 MIO. RUR
127,3 MIO. RUR
269,0 MIO. RUR
352,9 MIO. RUR
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
International Conferences organized by GPI
•
Advanced Laser Technologies (I. A. Shcherbakov)
Annual International Conference
Advanced Laser Technologies
#14, September 8 - 12, 2006, Braşov, Romania
#15, September 3 - 7, 2007, Levi, Finland
•
International Laser Physics Workshop (P. P. Pashinin)
15th INTERNATIONAL LASER PHYSICS WORKSHOP
July 24-28, 2006, Lausanne, Switzerland
16th INTERNATIONAL LASER PHYSICS WORKSHOP
August 20-24, 2007, León, Mexico
•
Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion
(L. M. Kovrizhnykh)
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Major Fields of Research
• Physics of condensed matter
• Optics and laser physics
• Radio-physics, electronics, and acoustics
• Plasma physics
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Efficiency, %
Wide-range crystal tunable lasers and spectrometers with
LiF crystals with color centers and Raman crystals of
Ba(NO3)2 and BaWO4
30 4ω
3ω
2ω
LiF
10
Ba(NO3)2 , BaWO4
F2
+
-
F2
2 -Ст.
3
0.2
Range of tuning:
from UV to IR ( 0.22-2.2 μm).
Spectrum width less than 1 pm
1 -Ст.
3-Ст.
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0 λ , μm
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
The boules of vanadate and mixed vanadate monocrystals.
Nd:GdVO4
Nd:Gd 0.7 Y0.3VO4
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Single-frequency
“green” lasers
Radiation wavelength 532nm
Output power
50 – 500 mW
Coherent length >1 m, M2 ≅1.2
Single-frequency
“blue” lasers
Radiation wavelength
456 nm
Output power
50 – 100 mW
Coherent length >1 m, M2 ≅1.2
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
LASER ANALISYS OF CARBON ISOTOPIC RATIO 13C/12C
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLE – high resolution
IN EXHALED CO2
spectroscopy of molecules In middle IR-range
using tunable diode lasers.
INTENDED FOR detecting micro-quantitIies of
gas molecules–biomarkers and high-precision
detection of isotopic ratios of non-radioactive
elements in exhaled air.
Analytical cell
diode
laser
InSb IR
detector
13C-urea
breath test for NON-INVASIVE
diagnostics for Helicobacter Pylori bacteria
in ventricle and duodenum
Diagnostics and control of therapy of
GASTRITIS and STOMACH and
DUODENUM ULCER
exhaled air
container
Micropump
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
AUTOFLUORESCENCE DIAGNOSTICS FOR EARLY CANCER
Laser-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy
of mucous tunic of a bronchial tube in the case of autofluorescence bronchoscopy for
a patient with the initial central lung cancer
(together with Moscow Herzen Cancer Research Institute)
λ= 532 nm
Fluorescence intensity, rel. units
4000
Bronchial mucous tunic (normal)
3000
2000
1000
tumor
0
400
450
500
550
600
650
Wavelength, nm
700
750
800
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Ophthalmologic excimer laser system for refraction surgery
“MicroScan-TsFP”
The laser uses the technology of
cornea surface processing by a
“flying” laser spot of a small diameter
Basic parameters:
- ArF excimer laser 193 nm
- spot diameter 0.7 mm
- repetition rate 200 Hz
- dimensions 1530х825х1050 mm
- weight
400 kg
MicroScan is a new generation system designed in collaboration with the “Eye Microsurgery” Research
Hospital. MicroScan can form the cornea surface of any preset shape. This provides an opportunity to
correct all forms of refraction abnormality and use it for a wide range of therapeutic and optireconstruction
surgery.
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
OPHTHALMOLOGIC EXCIMER LASER SYSTEM “MICROSCAN”
FOR CORRECTION OF MYOPIA, HYPERMETROTOPY AND
ALL TYPES OF ASTIGMATISM
ArF excimer laser λ=193 nm,
repetition rate 200 Hz,
pulse energy 1.2 mJ,
size 153х82х105 cm3
HYPERMETROTOPY
+ ASTIGMATISM :
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Laser system for urology
Scalpel – Coagulator
1,064 μm; 100 Hz; tp = 300 μs;
Ø = 400-1000 μm; 100 W.
Laser lithotripter
λ2 / λ1 = 0,54/1,08 μm; 0,9÷1,2 μs;
Ε2 / Ε1 = 30/100 μJ
Digital video-system
- real-time monitoring;
- storage at a hard disk;
- image editing;
- video archive.
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
SAFETY OF EFFECT UPON TISSUES
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Lithotripsy “in vitro”
Chemical composition of stones and
parameters of laser radiation in the
case of lithotripsy “in vitro”
№
Frequency Energy,
Length,
Number of
pulses
Hz
mJ
s
Sodium urate monohydrate
10
90
16,2
162
11 Whewellite (calcium oxalate
monohydrate)
9
100
46,8
421
17 Cystine
9
123
76,4
687
3
λ2 / λ1 = 0,54/1,08 μm
Ε2 / Ε1 = 15 /85 mJ
fiber: Ø300 μm
frequency: 6 Hz;
Composition
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Medical applications for crystals of partially-stabilized
zirconium dioxide
Combination of high strength with biological
inertness provides an opportunity to use these
monocrystals for manufacturing medical instruments
(scalpels with the blade thickness of 100 nm) and
various prosthetic devices.
Bio-inert implants with a high fatigue
strength for dentistry and orthopedic
surgery
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Research in the field of nanotechnology
1. Nanocrystalline materials and coatings
2. Super-high-vacuum probe microscopy with atomic
resolution
3. Probe nanolithography
4. Single-wall carbon nanotubes. Super-fast elements for
optoelectronics. Displays of the basis of carbon
nanomaterials.
5. Technology for laser nanoprocessing of materials
6. Synthesis and biomedical applications of nanoparticles
7. Thin-film biosensors
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Microwave plasma reactor (model UPSA-100) for growing
diamond films
UPSA-100 system was designed in GPI
for synthesis of diamond films at largearea substrates (diameter up to 100 mm)
¾ power 5 kW, frequency 2.45 GHz
¾ working gases: CH4, H2, O2, Ar, N2
¾ working pressure: 70-100 Torr
¾ substrate temperature: 700-900 С
¾ substrate diameter: 76-100 mm
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Microcrystalline diamond film Ultra-nanocrystalline diamond film
Gas mixture СН4/Н2
Film thickness 10 μm
Gas mixture СН4/Н2/Ar/N2
Film thickness 11 μm
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Super-high-vacuum scanning tunnel microscope GPI-300
Phase transitions in
chemisorbed layers.
Single-axis compression of a
monoatomic layer of Cl at Cu(111)
25х25 нм2
Basic technical parameters
Maximum scanning region
1.8х1.8х1.8 μm3
Minimum scanning step
0.002 Å
Resolution
atomic in metals
Scanning rate
up to 3 Hz
Pressure in vacuum chamber
10-10 Torr
Operational temperature
room temperature
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
Single-wall nanotubes: super-fast nonlinear optical media for
light modulation and generation of piko- and femtosecond laser
pulses
An optical “switch” on the basis of
nanotubes was designed. It operates
within a wide range of wavelengths
(λ = 1-1.54 μm)
and provides the “switching” time
< 1 ps.
λ =1340 nm
1
Laser mode locking was obtained with this
switch:
0
-500
0
time, ns
500
1000
1
0
time, ns
360
380
400
• glass with Er3+ ,
• λ = 1.54 μm;
• YAP:Nd3+,
• Nd:GdVO4
• Nd,Cr : Y0.9Gd0.1VO4
• LiF with F2- - centers,
• YAG:Nd3+,
• glass with Nd3+,
•
•
•
•
•
•
λ = 1.34 μm;
λ = 1.34 μm;
λ = 1.34 μm;
λ ≈ 1.15 μm;
λ = 1.064 μm;
λ = 1.054 μm.
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute
80
A fundamentally new technique for detection and measuring of ultra-low concentrations
of organic compounds is developed. The technique is based on laser desorption of ions
from a nano-structurally rough surface of silicon.
Laser
Laser
44
caffeine
Target
Target
182
124
138
105
74
heroin
370
20000
0
50
100
Sample
Sample
inlet
inlet
cocaine
304
40000
94
Intensity arb.un.
195
60000
150
200
250
300
350
Ions
Ions
detector
detector
Vacuum
Vacuum
chamber
chamber
400
m/z
SALDI physical principle: Desorption of organic ions in the process of laser action upon a
nano-structurally rough surface
Applications: Detection of ultra-low concentrations of explosives, drugs, and psychoactive
substances in the air and biological fluids.
Advantages: High sensitivity (100 molecules/cm3 !!)
selectivity in classes of organic compounds
possibility of real-time detection
Russian Academy of Sciences
A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute