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HIV and AIDS Epidemic Among
Adolescents and Youth in Poland
Social AIDS Committee
General Context
Poland
Some Basic Indicators in Poland
• Population of Poland – ca. 38 million people
• Percentage of the population under 15 – ca.
17%
• Percentage of the population under 24 – ca.
31%*
• Population between 15-24 – ca. 2,7 mln.
* Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2009
HIV/AIDS in Poland
1985-30.09.2013
17 219 HIV infections (accumulated number),
incl.
• at least 5 997 infected due to drug use
• 1 197 due to heterosexual contacts
• 1 896 MSM
– 2 975 AIDS cases
– 1 225 AIDS-related deaths
• 7004 patients on ARV treatment, incl. 118
children (on Oct. 1, 2013)
• Estimated – about 35 000 HIV cases
www.pzh.gov.pl
AIDS Cases and Deaths
Newly Detected HIV Cases
Newly Detected HIV Cases, AIDS
Diagnoses, AIDS deaths in 1986-2012
AIDS Cases
AIDS Deaths
New HIV
Cases
www.pzh.gov.pl
Newly Detected HIV Cases in 2008-2012
per 100 000 Population
www.pzh.gov.pl
AIDS cases in 2008-2012
per 100 000 population
www.pzh.gov.pl
All newly identified HIV cases,
including data reported by VCT
centers in 2011
NIH
VCT
* Dane do października 2011 roku
HIV Cases by Route of Infection
(1985-2012)
MSM
IDU
Risky Heterosexual Contacts
Children Born by HIV+ Mothers
IDU
Iatrogenic infections
No Information
www.pzh.gov.pl
Routes of Transmission in Case of VCT
Center Clients in 2011
other
no data
Sex of all VCT Center clients
No data 0,7%
Women
Men
Sex of HIV-infected clients
Women
Men
Based on the analysis of data from
Na podstawie
raportu
z analizy
ankiet
questionnaires
provided
by VCT
centers
in
przeprowadzonych w PKD w 2010 roku
2010
Age of all VCT Center clients
Age of HIV-infected clients
Based on the analysis of data from
questionnaires provided by VCT centers in
2010
% of HIV+ cases among VCT Center
clients (2006-2011)
HIV test + result
HIV test - result
% of HIV+
among MSM population
HIV test + result
HIV test - result
% of HIV+
among IDU population
HIV test + result
HIV test - result
N=333
HIV/AIDS Among Young People
• 48% of HIV-infected people are younger than 29 years,
and out this group, 8% at the moment of infection
were younger than 20 years of age
• More people infect themselves through risky sexual
intercourse, often combined with the use of
psychoactive substances
• 16,8% of girls and 27,3% of boys before turning 15
years old have already had their first sexual contact,
what brings a risk of HIV transmission
• Another important risky behavior in this population is
body piercing done with unsterile equipment
HCV Cases in Poland
• Estimated number of HCV infections - 730 000
• In 2010 in Poland 2021 hepatitis C cases were
registered (incidence 5.29 per 100,000)
• 15-34 age group make ca. 28% of newly detected
cases
Laskus I., Rosińska M. Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu C w Polsce w 2007 roku. Przegl Epidemiol 2009; 63: 251 – 254]
Age group
Hepatitis C in Poland 2010. Number of cases,
incidence per 100 00 population and percentage by
age, sex and location (urban vs. rural)
Gender
male
Area
female
urban
TOTAL
rural
IN.
PR
%
IN.
PR
%
IN.
PR
%
IN.
PR
%
IN.
PR
%
1519
49
3,88
4,4
33
2,73
3,7
48
3,53
3,1
34
3,05
7,1
82
3,32
4,1
2024
78
5,27
6,9
51
3,58
5,7
88
5,18
5,7
41
3,4
8,5
129
4,44
6,4
2529
120
7,2
10,7
60
3,71
6,7
145
7,14
9,4
35
2,79
7,3
180
5,48
8,9
3034
117
7,56
10,4
54
3,58
6
143
7,29
9,3
28
2,55
5,8
171
5,59
8,5
Total
1123
6,09
100
898
4,55
100
1539
6,61
100
482
3,23
100
2021
5,29
100
http://www.pzh.gov.pl/przeglad_epimed/66-1/Przeg%20Epidem%202-2012.pdf
TB in Poland
• 7509 TB cases were reported in Poland in 2010
• The incidence rate was 19,7 cases per 100000
• The mean annual decrease of TB incidence in
2001 - 2010 was 2,9%
• The mean age of TB patients was 52,7 years.
• The incidence among men i.e. 28.0 was more
than two times higher than among women i.e.
11.9
• TB was initial AIDS indicative disease in 24 cases
http://www.pzh.gov.pl/przeglad_epimed/66-1/Przeg%20Epidem%202-2012.pdf
TB Summary
In Poland in the last decade the incidence of
tuberculosis has decreased by nearly 30% but is
higher than the average in EU countries.
In 2010 the highest incidence occurred in older
age groups and was higher in men.
Positive characteristic also when compared with
the situation in many EU countries is the low
incidence of tuberculosis in children and the low
percentage of patients with drug resistant
tuberculosis.
http://www.pzh.gov.pl/przeglad_epimed/66-1/Przeg%20Epidem%202-2012.pdf
Drug situation in Poland - THC
• 17,3 % people between 16 – 64 years old use
marijuana at least one time in last 12 months
• 23% young people between 15-16 years old
• Social study - ESPAD 2012 shows that:
– 24,3 % youth between 13 – 16 y.o. use marijuana and
hashish
– 37,3 % adolescents between 16 – 19 y.o. use
marijuana and hashis
– In last 12 months using in the group were at level
10,1% and 23,5 %.
Report made by govermental Supreme Audit
Office shows that 31% of people between 13 –
19 y.o. witnessed how others used some
psychoactive substance.
Drug situation in Poland
EMCDDA 2012
EMCDDA study shows that:
- 3% people between 15-16 y.o. used cocaine in
last 12 months at least one time
- 4% people between 15-16 y.o. used
amphetamine in last 12 months at least one time
- 2% people between 15-16 y.o. used MDMA in last
12 months at least one time
- 23 % people between 15-16 y.o. used THC in last
12 months at least one time
Narcotic scene in Poland - last 2 years
• Many young people between 14-21 y.o. use in Poland:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Legal highs (alfa PVP, MDPV, 3MMC, 2CE2CX)
GHB/GBL
Non prescription drugs with DXM, codeine, benzydamine,
Synthetic cannabinoid – JWH 018,etc.
Mephedrone (4MMC)
other methcathinons (ephedrine, etc), beta ketones
(penthedron, other euphorics).
data from Drug Users Clinic MONAR