Download Environmental Biotechnology and Petrochemical Industry

Environmental Biotechnology and Petrochemical
Industry
The term "biotechnology" from different perspectives
and presents the historical evolution of biotechnology. It
is important to note that prior to the popularity of the
all-embracing term biotechnology, most biologically
based technology was defined by terms such as applied
microbiology, applied biochemistry, enzyme technology,
bioengineering, applied genetics and applied biology. In
fact, by encompassing all biologically based technologies
and by relying on knowledge assembled and methods
developed by many of these disciplines, biotechnology
can be considered as a group of inter-related
technologies that are applicable to a broad range of
industries – manufacturing as well as agriculture.

Doubtless, history will describe our time as the
oil based society. Nature took 500 millions
years to accumulate the world’s oil. A century
ago the oil exploitation began, first as a source
of energy and now as a source both of energy
and raw material. Now, the contemporary
society is highly dependent on the oil supply for
energy, transportation, food production, and in
general, industrial production. Experts agree
that the world’s petroleum will be consumed in
two centuries.
 The
inexorable production peak is
estimated to occur sometime between
2010 and 2020 and then the oil resources
will be drastically reduced at the end of
this century.
 Shortly after the production peak, the
more expensive fuel sources as hard-toextract oil deposits, tarry sands, and
synfuels from coal will be brought to the
front of production.
Petrochemical Industry
characteristics
The Petrochemical Industry is based upon the
production of chemicals from petroleum and
natural gas. The structure of the petrochemical
industry is extremely complex, involving
thousands of chemicals and processes. It is
severely cross linked, with the products of one
process being the feedstock of many others. For
most chemicals the production route from feed
stocks to final products is not unique, but include
many possible alternatives. As complicated, as it
may seem,however this structure is
comprehensible,
Petrochemical Industry
characteristics
At the beginning of the production chain are the
raw feedstock: petroleum and natural gas. From
these are feedstock produced a relatively small
number of important building blocks. These
primarily include the lower olefins and aromatics
as ethylene, propylene, butylenes, butadiene,
benzene, toluene and xylenes.
GREEN CONCEPT BEGINS AT BASE
INGREDIENTS?
Petrochemicals?
Benzene ring structure from petroleum
is very
stable which will not allow petrochemical
based
products to be readily biodegradable.
THE PETROCHEMICAL
INDUSTRY
THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY SYSTEM
IS A LARGE, COMPLEX, AND CONSTANTLY
IS CHANGING INDUSTRY.
HERE ARE MORE THAN 8000 DIFFERENT
COMPOUNDS IN COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION.
Then It is
Necessary to restore our Petrochemical Industry as a
foundation of Industrial
development in order to add more value to the industrial
chains beginning with our resources on hydrocarbons.