Download A band A box A cells A site A streptococci A/E

A band A abdominal actinomycosis A band abdominal aorta A box abdominal aortic aneurysm A cells abdominal aortic plexus A site abdominal bowel A streptococci abdominal cavity A/E histopathology abdominal coelom a-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-pr opionate abdominal cramping aardvark AAS aa-tRNA AB toxins abacterial abalones abandon abandoned abasic sites abate abatement of symptoms ABC ABC cassette proteins ABC model ABC transport proteins ABC transporters abdomen abdomen tip abdominal 1 abdominal cramps abdominal cuticle abdominal discomfort abdominal distention abdominal esophagus abdominal glands abdominal inguinal ring abdominal mass abdominal muscles abdominal musculature abdominal organs abdominal pain abdominal prevertebral plexus abdominal prolegs abdominal roseola abdominal sepsis abdominal slits abdominal spines abdominal swelling abdominal tenderness abdominal ultrasound abdominal ultrasound abiotic abdominal ultrasound scan abiotically abdominal viscera ablate abdominal wall ablation abdominopelvic region abnormal abdominoperineal abnormal genitalia abducent nerve abnormal allele abduct abnormal apoptosis abduction abnormal blood clotting abductor abnormal cell abductor digiti minimi abnormal condition abductor hallucis abnormal growth abductor muscles abnormal growth pattern abductor pollicis brevis muscle abnormal internal genitalia abductor pollicis longus muscle abnormal meiotic division aberrant abnormal mitotic division ABG abnormal operator sequence ABI abnormal phenotypes ability abnormal sperm ability to adapt abnormality ability to evolve abnormally ability to fly abnormally active ability to move about actively abnormally high ability to navigate abnormally large amounts ability to proliferate abnormally large numbers ability to regenerate abnormally viscous mucus ability to repair ABO alleles ability to see ABO blood group 2 ABO blood group incompatibility ABO blood group incompatibility abscess ABO blood group system abscess rupture ABO blood groups abscise ABO incompatibility abscisic acid ABO system abscission abolish abscission layer abscission zone abomasum absence abopercular pole absence seizures aboral absent aboral surface abort absent reflex aborted embryos absolute abortion absolute age abortion response absolute cutoff value abortive infection absolute fitness abortive initiation absolute IgA deficiency abortive poliomyelitis absolute insulin deficiency above normal absolute performance above the genus level absolute refractory period above the species level absolute temperature aboveground absolute zero ABP absolutes abrade absorb abrasions absorbable abrasive properties absorbance abrupt absorbed abruptly absorbency test ABS absorbent pad 3 absorbing absorbing acaricides absorption accelerate absorption peak accelerated AV conduction absorption properties accentuate absorption rate accentuated absorption spectrum accept absorptive accepted by absorptive capacity acceptance rate absorptive nutrition acceptor absorptive surface acceptor group abstinence acceptor molecule abundance acceptor stem abundance of life access abundant accessory abundant rainfall accessory bundle abuse accessory cells abused accessory cholera enterotoxin abuser accessory fruit abyssal zone accessory glands acanthamebosis accessory hemiazygos vein Acanthisittidae accessory lacrimal glands Acanthocephala accessory meningeal artery acanthocephalans accessory middle meningeal artery acanthodians accessory molecules Acanthodii accessory nerve acanthosis accessory organs Acanthostega accessory pancreatic duct Acanthrocirrus retrisrostris accessory pigments 4 accessory renal arteries accessory renal arteries acetabular labrum accident acetabular notch accidental host acetabulum accolé position acetaldehyde accommodate acetate accommodated acetate group accommodation acetic acid accommodation of the lens acetoacetate accompany acetoacetic acid accompanying veins acetone accomplished by acetyl cholinesterase account for acetyl CoA accrue acetyl coenzyme A accumbens nucleus acetyl group accumulate acetylate accumulate in layers acetylated accumulation acetylation accumulation acetylcholine accumulation of salt acetylcholine ion channel accuracy acetylcholine precursor choline accurate acetylcholine receptor ACE acetylcholinesterase ACE inhibitors acetyl-CoA acellular acetyl-coenzyme acellular pertussis vaccine acetylmuramic acid acellular vaccine acetylsalicylic acid acetabular floor acetyltransferase acetabular fossa achalasia 5 achalasia of the esophagus achalasia of the esophagus acid wastes seeping from mines achene acid-alcohol solution Acheulean acid-alkali solution Acheulian culture acid-base achieve acid-base balance Achillea millefolium acid-base equilibrium Achilles reflex acid-base imbalances Achilles tendon acid-base indicator aching muscles acid-base pair achlorhydria acid-fast acholic stools acid-fast organisms achondroplasia acid-fast stain acid acid-fast stain reaction acid blobs acid-fastness acid blocker acid-growth hypothesis acid deposition acidic acid dye acidic activation domain acid fast acidic amino acids acid fastness acidic changes acid gastric contents acidic conditions acid hydrolases acidic environment acid lability acidic hot springs acid pH acidic polysaccharide capsules acid precipitation acidic soil acid rain acidic solution acid reflux acidification acid solutions acidify acid vesicles acidifying salts 6 acidity acidity acquired immune receptors acidity of the gastric juice acquired immune system acidity of the soil acquired immunity acidophilic acquired resistance acidophilic glands acquisition acidophils Acrania acidophilus milk acrid acidosis acridine derivatives acidotic acridine dyes acidotrophic acridine orange stain acid-resistant acrocentric acid-tolerant acrocyanosis acinar cells acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans acini acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans Herxheimer Acinopterygii acromegaly acinotubular acromial branch acinus acromial end of the clavicle acne vulgaris acromioclavicular joint acoel flatworms, Acoela acromioclavicular ligament acoelomate acromion acoelomate animals, acoelomates acromion process acorn worms Acropora acoustic neuromas acrosin acoustic stimuli acrosomal process acoustic window acrosomal reaction acquire acrosome acquire an infection acrosome reaction acquired immune defenses 7 act act action of drugs act against action of plants action by effectors act as a structural framework action of cilia act of altruism action of the sunlight act to inhibit action of tides act to maintain genetic variation action patterns act together action potential act up action potential phases act upon/on action spectrum ACTH activate actin activated actin filaments activating enzyme actin microfilaments activating factor actin rearrangement activation actin strands activation cascade actin strands of thin filaments activation domain actin tails activation energy actin-based activation energy barrier actinin activation factor Actinistia activation gate actin-myosin activation heat actinomycetes activation of complement actinomycetes pus activation pathway actinomycetomas activation proteins actinomycosis activation region actinomycosis infection activation status actinopods activator action 8 activator DNA-binding site activator DNA-binding site activity activator for transcription actomyosin contractile ring activator protein acupuncture activator protein-1 acute activator site acute aggressive hepatitis active acute disease active against acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis active agent acute infection phase active center of the enzyme acute inflammatory process active disease acute margin of the heart active evolution acute phase reactants active flight acute rejection active immunity acute renal failure active immunization acute retroviral syndrome active muscles acute serum active prophylactic vaccine acute serum sample active reuptake mechanism acute spinal cord ischemia active site acute surgical abdomen active site residues acute vessel thrombosis active speciation acutely ill active tension acutely life threatening active transport acutely rejected active transport system acute-phase cytokines active traps acute-phase proteins active vaccination acute-phase response active vaccine acyclic actively acycloguanosine activins acyclovir 9 acyclovir acyclovir adaptive gene combinations acyl adaptive geographic variation acylation adaptive immune response acylureidopenicillins adaptive immunity ad usum humanum adaptive immunotherapy ADA adaptive landscape adamantanamin adaptive molecular evolution Adam's apple adaptive morphologies adapt adaptive mutagenesis adaptability adaptive mutation adaptable adaptive peak adaptation adaptive phenotypic change adaptations for osmoregulation adaptive plasticity adapted adaptive radiation adapted immune responses adaptive substitution adaptedness adaptive topography adapter proteins adaptive traits adaptive adaptive trend adaptive adjustment adaptive valley adaptive alleles adaptive value adaptive changes in populations adaptive variation adaptive characteristics adaptive zone adaptive cline adaptively adaptive combinations of genes adaptively directed mutation adaptive divergence adaptively important adaptive diversification adaptively inferior adaptive evolution adaptively random mutations adaptive evolutionary changes adaptor molecules 10 ADCC ADCC adductor muscles ADCC cells adductor part of the adductor magnus add adductor pollicis muscle add together adductor tubercle added adducts addictive ADE addictive behavior ADEM addictive drugs adenine addisonian crisis adeno-associated virus Addison's disease adenohypophysis addition adenoid additive adenoid cells additive effect of genes adenoid layer additive effects adenoidal additive genetic variance adenoma additively adenomatous polyposis coli additively acting adenosine additives adenosine 5'-triphosphate addressins adenosine deaminase adduct adenosine deaminase deficiency adduction adenosine diphosphate adductor adenosine monophosphate adductor brevis muscle adenosine triphosphatase adductor canal adenovirus adductor hallucis adenylate adductor hiatus adenylate cyclase adductor longus muscle adenylating agent adductor magnus muscle adenyltransferases 11 adenylyl cyclase adenylyl cyclase adipocytes adenylyl cyclase system adipokines adequate stimulus adiponectin adequately adipose capsule of kidney ADH adipose cell ADHD adipose tissue adhere adjacent adherence adjoining adherence genes adjust adherent adjustable lens adhering adjustment adhering junctions adjuvant effect adhesion adjuvants adhesion complex adluminal compartment adhesion factors administer adhesion genes administration adhesion molecules administration of antibiotics adhesion process admit adhesion proteins A-DNA adhesion structure adnexa adhesive adolescence adhesive associations adolescent growth spurt adhesive disk adolescents adhesive forces adoptive transfer experiments adhesive glue cells ADP adhesive proteins ADP ribosyl transferase adhesive tape method ADPKD Adiantum capillus-veneris adrenal androgen 12 adrenal cortex adrenal cortex adrenogenital syndrome adrenal cycle adrenomedullin adrenal diabetes adsorb adrenal glands adsorbance test adrenal glucocorticoid hormones adsorbed adrenal glucocorticoids adsorption adrenal hyperplasia adult adrenal hypertrophy adult immunization schedule adrenal insufficiency adult mortality adrenal medulla adult neural stem cells adult phase adrenal medullary cells adult respiratory distress syndrome adrenal medullary secretion adult stem cells adrenal steroids adult structures adrenal sulfokinase adult teeth adrenal vein adult vaccine adrenally insufficient adulthood adrenals adultlike adrenarche adult-onset adrenergic advanced adrenergic neuron advanced glycosylation end products adrenergic receptors advances adrenergic sweating advantage adrenocortical advantage of sex adrenocortical cells advantageous adrenocortical hormones adventitia adrenocortical secretion adventitial cyst adrenocortical tumor adventitious adrenocorticotropic hormone 13 adventitious plantlets adventitious plantlets aerobic respiration adventitious roots aerobic respiratory pathway adverse aerobically adverse effects aerobically respiring adversely affect aerogenic adversely affected aerogenic transmission adynamic ileus aerogenically aequorin aerophagia aerate aerosol droplets aeration aerosol infection aerial aerosol transmission aerial hyphae aerosolization aerial mycelia aerosolized aerial parts aerosolized droplet aerial plant body aerosolized virus aerial portion of a plant aerosols aerial roots aerotolerant aerial stem aerotolerant anaerobes aerobactin aesculin-positive aerobes AEV aerobic AFC aerobic bacteria afebrile aerobic cellular respiration afebrile period aerobic conditions affect aerobic exercise affected aerobic glycolysis affected lymph nodes aerobic metabolism affecting aerobic oxidation afferent 14 afferent autonomic pathways afferent autonomic pathways afterload afferent fibers afterloaded afferent impulses afterloading afferent nerves Ag response afferent neuron transmission against afferent neurons agammaglobulinemic afferents aganglionic afferents agar affinity agar block affinity chromatography agar diffusion test affinity ligands agar dilution test affinity tag agar gel precipitation affixed agar medium afflict agar plate afford protection agar surface afibrinogenemia agarose aflatoxicosis agarose beads aflatoxin B1 agarose gel aflatoxins agarose gel electrophoresis AFLP markers, AFLPs age AFP age at maturity African eyeworm age class African meningitis belt age cohort African sleeping sickness age determination technique African trypanosomosis age distribution of divergences after-depolarization age interval after-discharge Age of Cycads after-hyperpolarization Age of Fishes 15 age structure age structure aggregate embryo aged aggregate fruit aged blood cells aggregated age-dependent aggregated distribution age-group aggregated IgA age-induced aggregated lymphatic nodules agenesis aggregation agent aggregative adherence fimbriae agent of choice aggregative adherence fimbriae I agent of evolutionary change aggress against agent of mutation aggressins agents of disease aggressive agents of gene transfer aggressive hepatiti age-specific aggressive infection age-structure diagram aggressive medical intervention ageusia aggressively agglutinate aggressiveness agglutinating antibodies agile agglutination aging agglutination method aging genes agglutination procedure aging process agglutination reaction agitate agglutination test agitation agglutinins agnathans agglutinogens agonist aggravate agonistic aggravating effect agranular aggregate agranular endoplasmic reticulum 16 agranular leukocytes agranular leukocytes air breathing agranular reticulum air bubbles agricultural air canal agricultural applications air chamber agricultural chemicals air channels agricultural crops air circulation agricultural development air conduction agricultural disturbance air currents agricultural field air ducts agricultural land air embolism agricultural losses air exchange agricultural pollution air leak agricultural problems air masses agriculturalist air pollutants agriculturally important crops air pollution agronomics air pump agronomist air sacs agronomy air spaces AH interval air stone ahead of air temperature aid air trapping AIDS dementia complex air tubes AIDS encephalopathy airborne AIDS patients airborne spread AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma air-breather AIDS-defining diseases air-breathing ailment air-dried air airflow 17 airfoils airfoils albinism airspaces albino airway albino girl airway closure Albulidae airway epithelial cells Albuliformes airway epithelium albumen airway inflammation albumin airway obstruction albuminuria airways alcid birds akinesia alcohol dehydrogenase Al alcohol dependence ala alcohol fermentation ala of the vomer alcohol intoxication alae alcohol poisoning alanine alcohol problems alanine aminotransferase alcohol use alanyl-tRNA synthetase alcoholic preparations alar alcoholism alar cartilage of the nose alcohol-related alar fold aldehyde dehydrogenase alar ligament aldehyde sugars alarm call aldehydes alarm pheromones alder tree alarm reaction aldose alarm substance aldosterone alarmones aldosterone synthase alastrim AlDS-associated albendazole alert 18 alert state alert state alkaline alertness alkaline conditions aleurone alkaline lysate alfalfa alkaline lysis alga alkaline phosphatase algae alkaline stains algal alkaline tolerance algal beds alkalinity algal blooms alkaloid algid malaria alkaptonuria algin alkyl alginate alkyl group alginate capsule alkyl phospholipid alien species alkylated alight alkylating align alkylating chemicals aligned alkylation alignment alkylguanine alimentary canal alkyl-phospholipid alimentary route alkyltransferase alimentary transmission allantoin aliphatic allantois aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds Allee effect aliphatic hydrocarbon substrates allele aliquot allele combination alive allele composition alkali allele copies alkali treatment allele for selfing 19 allele for susceptibility allele for susceptibility allergic IgE-dependent diseases allele frequency allergic reaction allele frequency changes allergic response allele frequency differences allergic rhinitis allele lineage allergic rhinitis allele pair allergic skin reactions allele substitutions allergic symptoms allelic allergically allelic differences allergy allelic diversity allergy symptoms allelic exclusion allergy test allelic form alleviate allelic pair alleviation of competition allelic state all-female allelic variants alligators allelic variation allocate allelopathy allocations of energy Allen's test allochthonous allergen allocortex allergenicity allodynia allergen-IgE reaction allogeneic stimulation allergen-IgE response allogenic allergen-specific response allograft allergic allohexaploid allergic alveolitis alloimmunization allergic aspergillus alveolitis alloinfection allergic asthma allolactose allergic disorder allolactose inducer 20 allometric coefficient allometric coefficient allosteric regulators allometric growth allosteric regulatory site allometric relationship allosteric site allometric threshold allosterically allometrically related allostery allometries allotetraploid allometry allotransplant allopatric allotype allopatric divergence allotypic differences allopatric fragmentation allozygous allopatric speciation allozyme allopatrically allozyme analysis allopatry allozyme clines allopolyploid allozyme data allopolyploidy allozyme differences alloreactive allozyme frequencies alloreactivity allozyme loci allorecognition allozyme markers all-or-none law allozyme study all-or-none response allozyme variation allosteric allylamines allosteric activation Aloe vera allosteric effector alone allosteric effects alpha block allosteric enzyme alpha carbon allosteric inhibitory site alpha cells allosteric protein alpha globulins allosteric regulation alpha proteobacteria 21 alpha rhythm patterns alpha rhythm patterns alternate leaf arrangement alpha-Amanitin alternate phyllotaxy alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole4-propionate receptors alternately alternating alpha-synuclein alternation alphatoxin alternation of generations alphavirus alternative activation of complement alpine alternative activation pathway Alpine barley alternative complement pathway alpine tundra alternative exons ALS alternative mating strategies ALT alternative mRNA processing alter alternative pathway alteration alternative poly A processing alteration of a DNA sequence alternative processing alteration of gene sequence alternative RNA hairpin alteration of genes alternative RNA splicing alterations of chromosome number alternative sigma factors altered alternative splicing altered amino acid sequence alternative splicing altered expression alternative splicing pattern altered mental capacity alternative translation start site altered patterns of gene expression alternatively processed altered phenotypes alternatively spliced altered sensation altitude altered state of consciousness altruism altered states of consciousness altruist alternate altruistic 22 altruistic act altruistic act alveolar sacs altruistic behavior alveolar space altruistic trait alveolar type I cells altruistically alveolar ventilation alum alveolar walls aluminum alveolar-capillary block aluminum poisoning alveolar-capillary exchange aluminum sulfate alveolates, Alveolata alveolar alveoli alveolar air alveolitis alveolar arch alveolocapillary membrane alveolar bone alveolococcosis alveolar colloid of the liver alveolus alveolar ducts amacrine cells alveolar echinococcosis amantadine alveolar epithelium amastigote alveolar foramen amastigote form alveolar gas amastigote stage alveolar gas pressure ambient pressure alveolar hydatid disease ambient temperature alveolar macrophage ambiguity alveolar mucosa ambisense alveolar part of mandible ambisense genome alveolar PCO2 ambi-sense single-stranded genome alveolar PO2 ambisense virus alveolar pressure ambulatory alveolar process Ambystoma maculatum alveolar ridge AME 23 ameba ameba aminergic amebapore aminergic system amebiasis amines amebic colitis amino acid amebic cysts amino acid acceptor site amebic dysentery amino acid acceptor stem amebic liver abscess amino acid adenylate amebic species amino acid biosynthesis amebic trophozoites amino acid bridge amebicides amino acid catabolism ameboflagellates amino acid code ameboid amino acid composition ameboid motility amino acid disorders ameboid organism amino acid metabolism enzymes ameboma amino acid monomers amebosis amino acid phosphorylated ameliorate amino acid polymers amenorrhea amino acid pool ament amino acid position American Cancer Society amino acid replacement American trypanosomosis amino acid residue amidated amino acid screen amidation amino acid sequence amide bond amino acid side chains amide group amino acid substitution amiid fishes, Amiidae amino acid unit amikacin amino acid-binding site amine amino acid-changing mutation 24 amino acid-coding sequences amino acid-coding sequences aminolipids amino acid-coding triplets of bases aminopenicillin amino acid-nucleotide cofactors aminopeptidase amino acid-replacing aminopterin amino acid-replacing substitutions aminopyrine amino alcohol A-minor interactions amino end A-minor motif amino end of protein amitochondriate amino group ammonia amino sugars ammonification amino terminal ends ammonifying bacteria amino terminals ammonites amino terminus ammonium aminoacyl adenylate ammonium chloride aminoacyl site ammonium compounds aminoacylated ammonium cyanate aminoacylation, aminoacylation reaction ammonium ions aminoacyl-tRNA bond ammonium salts aminoacyl-tRNA molecules ammonoid aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase amnesic aphasia aminoacyl-tRNAs amniocentesis aminobenzoic acid amnion aminobutyrate amnion cells aminocyclitol antibiotics amniotes, Amniota aminoglycosidases amniotic aminoglycoside acetyltransferase amniotic cavity aminoglycoside antibiotics amniotic egg aminoglycosides amniotic fluid 25 amniotic sac amniotic sac amphichelydians amoeba amphimixis amoeba-like amphioxi amoebic dysentery amphioxus amoebicides amphipathic amoebocytes amphipathic helix amoeboid amphipathic lipids amoeboid cells amphipathic molecules amoeboid movement amphipods amoebozoans Amphipoda Amoebozoa amphisbaenians among-population genetic differentiation Amphisbaenia amorphous amphotensides amount amphoteric amount of CO2 expired amphotericin B amount of dissolved oxygen ampicillin amount of genetic variation ampicillin-sulbactam amount of secondary structure amplification amount of variation amplification culture amoxicillin amplification tests amoxicillin-clavulanate amplified AMP amplified fragment length polymorphisms AMPA receptors amplified products amphetamines amplify amphibians amplifying effect amphibious amplitude amphibolic cycle amprenavir amphichelydian turtles ampulla 26 ampulla of bile duct ampulla of bile duct anabolic reaction ampulla of the ductus deferens anabolic steroids ampulla of Vater anabolic-androgenic steroids ampullary anabolism amu anadromous amygdala anaerobe infection amygdalin anaerobe transport container amygdalo-hypothalamic fibers anaerobic amygdaloid anaerobic cellulitis amygdaloid nucleus anaerobic conditions amylase anaerobic glycolysis amyloid fibrils anaerobic metabolism amyloid plaques anaerobic milieu amyloid precursor protein anaerobic respiration amyloid β-protein Tau anaerobic system amyloid-like fibrils anaerobically amylopectin anagenesis amyloplast anagenetic amylose anagenetic evolution amyotrophic lateral sclerosis anal ANA anal aperture anabolic anal area anabolic effect anal canal anabolic hormone anal cleft anabolic metabolism anal columns anabolic nervous system anal glands anabolic operon anal impression smear anabolic pathway anal intercourse 27 anal margin anal margin anaphase anal membrane anaphylactic hypersensitivity anal pecten anaphylactic reaction anal pit anaphylactic shock anal pores anaphylatoxins anal pruritus anaphylaxis anal region anaphylotoxins anal sinus anaplasmosis anal sphincter Anarhichadidae anal swab anasarca anal triangle anastomose anal valves anastomoses anal verge anastomotic channels anal wall anastomotic connection analgesia anastomotic network analgesic activity Anatidae analgesic effect anatomical analgesics anatomical data analog anatomical evidence analogous anatomical neck analogue anatomical plane analysis anatomical position analytical method anatomical snuff box analytically anatomically analyze anatomically modern anamnestic reaction anatomy anamnestic response ancestor anandamide ancestor-descendant pair 28 ancestor-descendant relationship ancestor-descendant relationship anchoring ancestor-descendant sequence anchoring junctions ancestral anchoring junctions ancestral anatomy anchoring point ancestral character ancient ancestral character state ancient bacteria ancestral condition ancient DNA ancestral copy ancient purple bacteria ancestral distribution ancient times ancestral gene ancient tree resin ancestral haplotype ancient woodland ancestral immunoglobulin-like gene anconeus muscle ancestral molecular polymorphisms ancreatic fluids ancestral organism Ancylostoma duodenale ancestral polymorphisms ancylostomosis ancestral population androgen insensitivity syndrome ancestral proteins androgen-binding protein ancestral RAG-containing transposon androgenic activity ancestral species androgenic flush ancestral state androgens ancestrally andropause ancestral-type androstenedione ancestry androsterone anchor anelectrotonic anchor cell anemia anchorage anemic anchorage dependence anemic hypoxia anchored anemic person 29 anemone anemone angiotensin II anergized angiotensinogen anergy angle anesthesia angle of a rib anesthesia breathing circuit angle of mandible anesthesiology equipment angle the cervix anesthetics angled anesthetized angled shape aneuploid anglerfishes aneuploid condition Anguilliformes aneuploids angular acceleration aneuploidy angular artery aneurysm angular gyrus aneurysm rupture angular incisure angel dust angular methyl group Angelman syndrome angular motion angina pectoris angular movements angioedema angular notch angiogenesis angular vein angiogenesis inhibitors Anhimidae angiography anhydrase angioplasty anhydrobiosis angioproliferative lesions anhydrobiotic angiosperm anicteric angiosperms anicteric leptospirosis angiostrongylosis aniline dyes angiotensin animal angiotensin-converting enzyme animal behavior 30 animal bites animal bites animal pole animal carriers animal pollination animal cells animal pollinators animal cognition animal products animal corpses animal relationships animal dens animal reservoir animal diversification animal sources animal diversity animal starch animal domestication animal test animal experimentation animal testing animal feces animal touch animal foods animal-borne animal hair Animalia animal hemisphere animal-vegetal axis animal hemisphere cortex anion animal herds anion-exchange chromatography animal immune deficiency viruses anion gap animal inoculation anionic animal kingdom anionically charged animal life anisakiosis animal meal anise oil animal mitochondrial DNA anisocytosis animal models anisogamy animal mtDNA ankle animal origin ankle bone animal phyla ankle brachial pressure index animal phylogeny ankle jerk animal phylogeographic studies ankle joint 31 ankle-brachial index ankle-brachial index annulo-spiral endings ankyloglossia annulus of Zinn ankylosed primary teeth anococcygeal ankyrin anococcygeal body anneal anococcygeal ligament annealed anococcygeal membrane annealing anococcygeal nerve annealing of primers anococcygeal raphe annealing temperature anocutaneous line annelids anodal current annelid worms anode Annelida anogenital annexins anogenital mucosal membranes annotation anogenital warts annual anole lizards annual energy budget anoles annual plants anomic aphasia annual precipitation anonymous annual rainfall Anoplura annual rings anorectal angle annuals anorectal gonorrhea annucleate anorectal infection annular ligament anorectal junction annular pancreas anorexia annular rings anorexia nervosa annular tendon anosmia annulate anovulatory cycle annulated anoxia 32 anoxic anoxic antecubital vein anoxic anoxia antecubital vein anoxic injury antenna complex ANP antennae ansa cervicalis antennal imaginal disc ansa hypoglossi antennules Anseriformes anterior ant colony anterior area of the temple ant mound anterior aspect of the thigh antagonism anterior auricular muscle antagonist anterior belly of digastric muscle antagonistic anterior cardiac veins antagonistic actions anterior cavity antagonistic coevolution anterior cecal artery antagonistic effect anterior cerebral artery antagonistic fashion anterior chamber antagonistic muscles anterior chamber angle antagonistic pair anterior ciliary arteries antagonistic pleiotropy anterior ciliary veins antagonistic selection anterior circumflex humeral artery antagonistically anterior clinoid processes antagonists anterior communicating artery antagonize anterior corner of the upper lateral quadrant Antarctic anterior coronary ligament Antarctic Circle anterior cranial fossa antbirds anterior cricoarytenoid muscles anteater anterior cutaneous branches antecedent 33 anterior descending branch anterior descending branch anterior lobe of the pituitary gland anterior division anterior longitudinal ligament anterior edge of the temporal bone anterior median fissure anterior ethmoidal artery anterior mediastinum anterior ethmoidal foramen anterior medullary velum anterior ethmoidal nerve anterior meningeal arteries anterior fascicle anterior mesentery anterior fontanelle anterior myocardial infarction anterior funiculus of the spinal cord anterior nasal spine anterior glandular branch anterior palatine foramen anterior gluteal line anterior papillary muscle anterior horn cell anterior part of scalp anterior hypothalamic area anterior part of the base of the skull anterior inferior cerebellar arteries anterior pituitary gland anterior inferior iliac spine anterior pituitary hormones anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery anterior pituitary insufficiency anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C6 anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein anterior rami of spinal nerves anterior intercostal arteries anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves anterior internodal tract anterior ramus of nerve L1 anterior interventricular artery anterior reticulospinal tract anterior interventricular branch anterior roots of spinal nerves anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery anterior sacro-iliac ligament anterior interventricular vein anterior scalene muscle anterior jugular vein anterior sclera anterior lacrimal crest anterior spinal artery anterior layer of the renal fascia anterior superior alveolar arteries anterior lobe of the pituitary anterior superior iliac spine 34 anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery anterolateral view anteromedial anterior talar articular surface anteromedial knee anterior talofibular ligament anteroposterior anterior tibial artery anteroposterior diameter anterior triangle anteroposterior view anterior triangle of the neck anterosuperior anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery anteverted position of the uterus anterior tympanic artery anthelminthic anterior urethra anthelmintic anterior vagal trunk anthelmintic agents anterior vascular capsule of the lens anther anterior veins of right ventricle antheridia anterior view antheridiophores anterior-inferior antheridium anteriorly Anthocerophyta anteriormost thoracic segments Anthoceros natans anterior-posterior anthocyanins anterior-posterior axis Anthophyta anterior-posterior expression anthozoans anterior-posterior gradient Anthozoa anterior-posterior view anthracite anterior-to-posterior anthracosaur anterograde transport anthrax anterogradely anthropocentric anteroinferior dislocation anthropogenic anterolateral anthropogenic activity anterolateral system of ascending fibers Anthropoid apes 35 anthropoid primates anthropoid primates antibiotic antagonism anthropoids antibiotic combinations Anthropoidea antibiotic drugs anthropological antibiotic measures anthropologist antibiotic producers anthropology antibiotic production anthroponosis antibiotic prophylaxis anthroponotic antibiotic regimen anthropophilic antibiotic resistance anti conformation antibiotic resistance genes anti-A antibodies antibiotic selection marker gene antiaggregating effect antibiotic substances anti-aging antibiotic susceptibility test antiallergic antibiotic synergism antiamebic antibiotic therapy antiapoptosis antibiotic treatment antiarrhythmic antibiotic-associated colitis anti-B antibodies antibiotic-inactivating enzymes antibacterial anti-blood group antibody reactions antibacterial action antibodies and complement-dependent mechanisms antibacterial agent antibody antibacterial chemotherapeutics antibody assay antibacterial immune effector mechanisms antibacterial spectrum antibody capture solution hybridization assay antibacterial substances antibody clearance antibacterial therapy antibody coating of the virus antibiotic antibody detection antibiotic activity antibody detection method 36 antibody diversity antibody diversity antibody-forming cell antibody genes antibody-loaded erythrocytes antibody identification antibody-loaded lymphocyte antibody inhibition assay antibody-loaded particles antibody memory antibody-mediated antibody methods antibody-mediated clearance antibody molecules antibody-mediated hemolysis antibody neutralization antibody-mediated immunity antibody prevalence levels antibody-mediated response antibody probe antibody-producing B cells antibody production antibody-producing cells antibody proteins antibody-producing plasma cell antibody response antibody-secreting cells antibody specificities antibody-secreting plasma cells antibody strength antibody-transgenic antibody test antibotic associated antibody titers anticancer antibody-antigen binding anticancer agent antibody-based test anticapsular antibodies antibody-binding cells anticapsule antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity anti-CD28 anti-CD3 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity cells anti-CD3 antibody antibody-dependent cellular immunity anti-CD4 antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection anti-CD8 anticlotting antibody-directed reaction anticlotting antibody-escape virus anticlotting factors 37 anticoagulant anticoagulant antidromic impulses anticoagulant activity antidromic stimulation anticoagulant enzymes antidromically anticoagulated blood antiemetic anticoagulation antiestrogenic anticoagulative substances antievolutionary anticodon antievolutionist anticodon arm antifolates anticodon deaminase antifreeze anticodon loop antifungal anticodon sequence anti-GBM antibodies anticodon stem antigen anti-collagen antibodies antigen A anti-complement factors antigen activated B cells anticomplementary antigen assay anticonvulsant antigen binding anti-D antigen capture anti-D antibodies antigen D anti-D serum antigen deposits in adjuvants anti-Darwinian antigen detection antidepressant effect antigen epitopes antidepressants antigen fragment anti-desmosome antibodies antigen immunogenicity antidiuresis antigen kinetics antidiuretic antigen make-up antidiuretic hormone antigen mixture anti-DNase B test antigen presentation antidromic conduction antigen protein 38 antigen receptor genes antigen receptor genes antigenemia test antigen receptors antigen-experienced effector lymphocytes antigen recognition antigenic antigen recognition structure antigenic appearance antigen sample antigenic challenge antigen selection antigenic changes antigen specificity antigenic determinant antigen stimulation antigenic differences antigen stimulus antigenic distinction antigen structure antigenic drift antigen testing antigenic masking antigen transfer antigenic mimicry antigen variability antigenic particles antigen variants antigenic peptides antigen variation antigenic phase variation antigen-activation receptor antigenic response antigen-antibody binding antigenic shift antigen-antibody complex antigenic specificities antigen-antibody immune complexes antigenic stimulation antigen-antibody profile antigenic structures and sequences antigen-antibody reaction antigenic tagging antigen-binding cell antigenic target antigen-binding fragment antigenic variability antigen-binding site antigenic variants antigen-combining site antigenic variation antigenically antigen-coupled erythrocytes antigenically cross-reactive antigen-dependent differentiation process antigenicity antigen-detection test 39 antigenicity structure antigenicity structure antihistamines antigen-IgG complexes antihuman antigen-independent antihypertensive therapy antigen-induced activation anti-idiotypic antigen-loaded particles anti-Ig antibodies antigen-modified erythrocytes anti-IgE antibodies antigen-presenting cell anti-IL antibodies antigen-presenting cells anti-immunoglobulin antibodies antigen-presenting dendritic cells antiimmunoglobulin proteases antigen-presenting groove anti-infection substances antigen-reactive anti-infective agents antigen-reactive peripheral T cells anti-infective drugs antigens anti-infective regimen antigens of protein attachment fimbriae antiinflammatory antigen-specific antiinflammatory effect antigen-specific activation antiinsulin antigen-specific immune response antiinsulin action antigen-specific recognition anti-interleukins antigen-specific T lymphocytes anti-intrinsic factor antibodies antigen-transporting APCs antiketogenic antiglobulin test antiketotic anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies antilipoidal antibodies antilipolytic antigluconeogenetic anti-lymphocyte antisera antigravity reflexes anti-lymphocyte antiserum anti-HBc anti-lymphocytic serum anti-HBe antibodies antimalaria vaccine antihelix antimalarial drugs 40 antimalarials antimalarials antioxidant antimetabolites antioxidant activity antimicrobial antioxidant effect antimicrobial agent antioxidant properties antimicrobial compounds antioxidant supplements antimicrobial peptides antioxidants in tissues antimicrobial resistance antiparallel antimicrobial secretions antiparallel sheet antimicrobial susceptibility test antiparallel β-sheet antimicrobial susceptibility testing antiparasitic antimicrobial therapy antiparasitic agents antimicrobial treatment antiparasitic immunity antimicrobial vaccines antipathogen antimicrobials antiperistalsis anti-mitochondrial antiphagocytic antimitotic antiphagocytic coat antimonial antiphagocytic effect antimonial compounds antiphagocytic mechanisms antimonials antiphagocytosis antimuscle response antipolysaccharide IgM antimycobacterial therapy antiport antimycotic agents antiporter antimycotics anti-predator behaviour antineoplastic antiprotozoal agents antinuclear antibodies antipruritics anti-oestrogen action antipsychotic drug antioncogene antipyretic effect antiorexigenic antireceptor 41 antirejection drugs antirejection drugs anti-T-cell antibodies antiretroviral anti-TCR antiretroviral therapy anti-TCR networks anti-Rh agglutinins antitermination anti-Rh antibodies antiterminator anti-Rh titer antiterminator hairpin antisense antithetical to antisense DNA antithrombin III antisense oligonucleotides antithrombotic effect antisense RNA anti-thyroglobulin antisense RNA strand anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies antisense strand antithyroid antibodies antisense template strand antitoxic serum antisense viruses antitoxic therapy antisense-coded proteins antitoxins antisense-strand RNA anti-trades antisense-strand RNA segments antitragus antisense-strand viruses antitransformation proteins antisepsis antitreponema antibodies antiseptic antitreponemal antiseptic agents antitreponeme antibody test antisera antitreponeme lgM antibodies antiserum antituberculoid agents antistreptococcal antibodies antituberculotic agents anti-streptokinase antibodies antituberculous therapy antistreptolysin antibodies antitumor antistreptolysin O test anti-tumor effect antistreptolysin titer antitumor responses 42 antitumor therapy antitumor therapy anus antiuricemic therapy anvil antivenene anxiety antivenin anxiety disorder antivenom anxiety states antiviral aorta antiviral antibodies aortic antiviral chemotherapeutics aortic aneurysm antiviral drugs aortic arch antiviral interferon aortic arch baroreceptors antiviral proteins aortic atresia antiviral recombinant vaccine aortic bifurcation antiviral state aortic body antiviral therapeutics aortic body chemoreceptors antiviral-drug–resistant virus aortic chemoreceptors antral aortic clicks antral fluid aortic coarctation antral follicle aortic cuff antral systole aortic diastolic pressure antrum aortic dissection anucleate aortic glands anular disc tear aortic hiatus anular ligament aortic impedance anulus aortic insuffiency anulus fibrosus aortic lumen anurans, Anura aortic orifice anuria aortic plexus anuric aortic pressure 43 aortic regurgitation aortic regurgitation apex of the heart aortic ring apex of the lung aortic sinuses apex of the orbit aortic stenosis apex of the right ventricle aortic valve Apgar score aortic valve disease aphakic eye aortic vestibule aphids aortic wall aphotic aorticorenal aphotic region aorticorenal ganglia Apiaceae aorticorenal ganglion apical aortopulmonary collaterals apical bud aortopulmonary window apical cell AP diameter apical complex of microtubules AP endonuclease apical dendrites of cortical pyramidal cells AP site apical dominance AP-1 apical end apalcillin apical growth process apathetic apical lung tumor apathogenic apical margin of the cell apathogenically apical membrane apathy apical meristem APCs apical nodes ape apical pleura apelike apical tooth tissue aperture apical-basal pattern formation apex apically apex of the cochlea Apicomplexa 44 apicomplexan apicomplexan apoptosis antigen apicomplexans apoptosome apicoplast apoptotic aplasia apoptotic activity aplastic anemia apoptotic bodies aplastic crisis apoptotic cells apnea apoptotic death apneic episodes apoptotic killing apneic spells apoptotic pathway APO apoptotic proteins apodans aposematic Apoda aposematic coloration apoenzyme aposematically apoferritin APP apoinducer apparatus apolipoproteins apparent apomictic appearance apomixis appendage apomorphic appended aponeurosis appendices epiploicae aponeurosis epicranialis appendicular aponeurosis of the external oblique appendicular artery apoplast appendicular group apoplast pathway appendicular skeleton apoplastic appendicular vessels apoproteins appendicularians apoptosis Appendicularia appendix 45 appendix epiploica appendix epiploica aquatic life appetite aquatic life zone's boundaries appetite stimulant aquatic study appetite-regulating hormones aqueduct of Sylvius apple scab aqueous apple scar skin viroid aqueous application aqueous cytoplasm application route aqueous drainage system applied ecology aqueous environment appliqué position aqueous fluid apprehension aqueous humor approach aqueous ion channels Apterygidae aqueous layer APUD cells aqueous liquid apurinic aqueous solution apurinic acid aqueous suspension apurinic site aqueous veins apurinic/apyrimidinic site aquifer aPV Ar apyrimidinic ARA aquaporin arabinogalactan polymer aquaporin channels arable fields aquarium fish arable land aquatic Araceae aquatic biodiversity arachidonic acid aquatic community arachnids aquatic environment arachnoid mater aquatic insect larvae arachnoid granulations 46 arachnoid granulations arachnoid granulations archaeological remains arachnoid space archaeological site arachnoid trabeculae Archaeopteryx arachnoid villi archaeplastids, Archaeplastida arboencephalitis viruses archaic arboreal Archean arboreal environment Archean age arboreal existence archegonia arboreal life archegoniophores arboreal locomotion archegonium arboreality archenteron arboviral arches of tissue arbovirus archetype arbovirus disease archipelago arbuscular architecture arbuscular mycorrhizae Archosauria arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi archosauromorph diapsids arbuscule archosaurs arch of the aorta arctic arch of the azygos vein Arctic Circle arch of the fauces arctic environments archaea arctic tundra archaeal arcuate eminence archaeal enzymes arcuate fasciculus Archaean eon arcuate ligaments archaean arcuate line archaebacteria arcuate line of the abdomen archaeological evidence arcuate nucleus 47 arcuate pubic ligament arcuate pubic ligament arildone arcuate vein arise from ARDS arising from area arm area centralis arm bones area cladogram armadillo area for diffusion armaments area for digestion armed area of cell elongation armed with teeth area of infarction armor area of inflammation armor plates area of origin armored area of research armored fishes area of transition armpit area postrema arm-swing areas of organic enrichment army areas of woodland army ants arenavirus aroids areola aromatase areolar tissue aromatase inhibitors Argasidae aromatic arginine aromatic compound arginine vasopressin aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase arginine-synthesizing pathway aromatic leaves argon aromatization arid arousability arid conditions arousal arietal pelvic fascia arousal state 48 arousal system arousal system arterial catheter aroused arterial circulation arranged arterial CO2 content arrangement arterial damage arrangement of veins arterial graft array arterial oxygen saturation arrayed library arterial oxygen tension arrest arterial partial pressure of CO2 arrestins arterial PCO2 arrhythmia arterial plasma arrival arterial plasma level arrive arterial pressure arsenic arterial pulsation arsenicals arterial pulse ARSs arterial pulse quality ART arterial segment artemether arterial supply artemisinin arterial system arteria radicularis magna arterial valves arterial arterial walls arterial access arteries of the umbilical cord arterial adventitial cyst arteriolar arterial arcades arteriolar dilation arterial baroreceptors arterioles arterial blood arterioluminal vessels arterial blood gas arteriosclerosis arterial blood gases arteriosinusoidal vessels arterial blood pressure arteriovascular disease 49 arteriovenous arteriovenous articular bone arteriovenous anastomoses articular branches arteriovenous fistula articular cartilage arteriovenous malformation articular cavity arteriovenous O2 difference articular damage arteriovenous shunt articular deformity arteriviruses articular degeneration artery articular discs artery of Adamkiewicz articular fossa artery of bulb of penis articular muscle artery of the urethral bulb articular processes artery walls articular surfaces artesunate articular tubercle arthralgias articularis genus muscle arthritic change of joints articular-quadrate hinge arthritic elbow articulate arthritis articulated arthrogenic disease articulating arthropathy articulation arthrophytes artifactual arthropodborne artificial heart valve arthropods artificial induction arthroscope artificial selection arthroscopic repair of a joint artificially arthroscopy artificially stained arthrospores artiodactyl Arthus reaction, Arthus-type reaction artiodactyls articular Artiodactyla 50 aryepiglottic aryepiglottic ascent aryepiglottic folds Aschoff-Tawara node arylated asci arylating ascidians arylating agent adducts Ascidiacea arylating agents ascites arylsulfatases ascitic fluid arytenoid cartilage Asclepiadaceae ascariasis Asclepias tuberosa ascarids ascocarp ascariosis ascoma Ascaris lumbricoides hominis ascomycete fungi Ascaris suum ascomycetes ascend Ascomycota ascending asconoid canal system ascending aorta asconoid system ascending branches of the left gastric artery ascorbic acid ascending cervical artery ascospore ascending colon ascus ascending limb asepsis ascending limb of Starling curve aseptic ascending paralysis aseptic meningitis ascending part of the duodenum aseptic meningoencephalitis ascending pharyngeal artery aseptically ascending tracts asexual ascending vasa recta asexual condition ascending venography asexual cycle ascension asexual division 51 asexual genotype asexual genotype aspirate material asexual lineages aspirated fluid asexual propagation aspiration asexual reproduction aspiration pneumonia asexual reproductive stage aspiration syndrome asexual spores asplenia asexuality asplenia syndrome asexually asplenic individuals asexually derived assay asexually produced assay format asexually reproducing assemblage ash leaf spots assemble Ashkenazi Jews assembled ribosome Asian taeniosis assembly A-site assembly factor asparagine assess asparagine-linked carbohydrate assign aspartate assignment aspartate aminotransferase assignment tests aspartic acid assimilate aspect assimilation aspergilli assist aspergillosis assisted reproductive techniques aspergillus assisted reproductive technologies asphyxia associate asphyxiated associated asphyxiation associate as pairs aspirate associate closely 52 associate physically associate physically asymmetric carbon associated movements asymmetric PCR association asymmetrical association areas asymmetrical body form association functions asymmetrical cell division association neurons asymmetrical growth restriction associative learning asymmetrically associative memory asymmetry associative overdominance asymptomatic assort asymptomatic period assortative mating asymptomatically infected person assortment asymptotic assortment of chromosomes asynchronous aster asynchronous muscle contractions Asteraceae asynchronously astereognosis asystole Asteroidea at asthenosphere ataxia telangiectasia asthma attacks atelectasis asthma for pollen allergies atelectatic asthmatic attack Atelostomata asthmatic pulmonary symptoms Atheriniformes astral microtubules atheromatous astrocytes atheromatous change astrocytic gliosis atheromatous debris astroglia atheromatous disease astroviruses atheromatous lesions asymmetric atheromatous plaque 53 atherosclerosis atherosclerosis atomic mass unit atherosclerotic atomic nucleus atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease atomic number atherosclerotic emboli atomic orbital atherosclerotic plaque atomic theory atherosclerotic plaque atomization athetosis atopic athetotic movements atopy athyreotic atovaquone atlanto-axial joint ATP atlanto-occipital joint ATP cycle atlas ATP hydrolysis atmosphere ATP molecules atmospheric ATP synthase atmospheric carbon dioxide ATP synthase complex atmospheric circulation ATP synthesis atmospheric circulation patterns ATP-binding domain atmospheric conditions ATP-binding site atmospheric gases ATP-dependent membrane transporters atmospheric nitrogen ATP-driven pumps atmospheric pressure atresia atoll atretic atom atretic follicles atomic atretic follicles atomic components atria atomic constitution of matter atrial atomic mass atrial activation atomic mass number atrial arrhythmia 54 atrial beat atrial beat atrioventricular block atrial cells atrioventricular bundle atrial contraction atrioventricular groove atrial depolarization atrioventricular node atrial extrasystoles atrioventricular orifice atrial fibrillation atrioventricular pathways atrial filling atrioventricular septal defect atrial flutter atrioventricular septum atrial impulses atrioventricular shunt atrial muscle cells atrioventricular valves atrial muscle fibers atrium atrial muscles atrium proper atrial musculature atrophic atrial myocytes atrophic gastritis atrial natriuretic peptide atrophy atrial premature beat atropine atrial pressure attach atrial rate attached atrial receptors attaching and effacing activity atrial repolarization attachment atrial septal defect attachment fimbriae atrial septum attachment pili atrial stretch receptors attachment proteins atrial systole attachment region atrial walls attachment site AT-rich attachment/effacement histopathology atriopore attack atrioventricular attack behavior 55 attacks of fever attacks of fever auditory cortex attendant auditory disturbances attending physician auditory dyssynchrony attention deficit hyperactivity disorder auditory evoked responses attentiveness auditory impulses attenuate auditory input attenuated auditory memories attenuated live vaccine auditory nerve attenuated mutants auditory nerve fibers attenuation auditory nerves attenuation-antitermination mechanism auditory neurons attenuator auditory neuropathy attenuator hairpin auditory organ attract auditory ossicles attractant auditory receptors attracted to auditory reflexes attraction auditory threshold attraction of mates auditory tube attractive force Auerbach’s plexus attribute AUG codon A-type helix AUG initiation codon atypical AUG start codon atypical mycobacteria augment audible augmented leads audition auramine fluorescent staining auditory auramine-rhodamine method auditory areas auricle auditory association areas auricle 56 auricles auricles autoclaves auricular autoclaving auricular branch of the vagus nerve autocrine auricular muscles autocrine action auricular nodes autocrine agent auricular orifices autocrine communication auriculotemporal nerve autocrine fashion auriculoventricular groove autocrine signaling Aurignacian culture autodigestion auscultate for the pulse autofluorescence auscultation autogenic inhibition auscultatory gap autoimmune auscultatory method autoimmune disease Australian realm autoimmune inflammation australopithecine species autoimmune reaction australopithecines autoimmune response autapomorphies autoimmune T cells autistic autoimmune-like responses autoagglutination autoimmunity autoaggressive autoinducer autoantibody autoinfection autoantibody diseases autoinoculation autoantibody responses autologous auto-antigen autologous stem cell transplantation autoantigens autologous structures autocatalytic autologous transfusion autochthonous autolysins autoclave autolysis 57 autolytic autolytic autonomous infectious particles automated autonomous replicating sequence automated DNA sequencing autonomously automated DNA-sequencing machine autonomously replicating sequence automated DNA-sequencing results autonomously reproducing automated protein sequencer autophagy automated sequencer autophosphorylation automated sequencing autopods automatic control autopolyploid automatically autopolyploidy automaticity autopsied automation autopsy autonomic autopsy case autonomic activities autopsy material autonomic arousal autoradiograph autonomic center autoradiographed autonomic division autoradiographic autonomic ganglia autoradiographic procedure autonomic innervation autoradiography autonomic insufficiency autoreactive autonomic nerves autoreactivity autonomic nervous system autoreceptors autonomic neurons autoregulation autonomic replication autorhythmic cells autonomic response autosomal autonomic symptom autosomal dominant allele autonomic system autosomal dominant disorder autonomous autosomal dominant mutations 58 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease A-V fistula AV groove autosomal monosomies AV junction autosomal recessive AV nodal block autosomal recessive disease AV nodal delay autosomal recessive disorder A-V node autosomal recessive genetic disease A-V O2 difference autosomal trisomy A-V shunt autosome AV valve regurgitation autosome set AV valve stenosis autostimulate AV valves autotetraploid availability of food resources autotransplant availability of sunlight autotrophic avascular autotrophic nutrition avascular necrosis autotrophs avascularity autozygous average-sized auxiliary avermectins auxiliary pathway aversion auxin avian auxin gradient avian erythroblastosis virus auxin response genes avian flu auxotrophic yeast mutants avidin auxotrophs avidity A-V anastomoses avirulence AV block avirulence genes AV bundle avirulent A-V difference avocado sunblotch viroid 59 Avogadro constant Avogadro constant axillary fold Avogadro’s number axillary hair avoidance axillary inlet avoidance strategies axillary nerve AVP axillary nodal clearance avr genes axillary nodes Avr proteins axillary process AVSD axillary process of the mammary gland avulsed axillary pulse awake axillary sheath awaken axillary skin fold axial computed tomogram axillary tail axial fibrils axillary vein axial filaments axillary wall axial flower position axiom axial flowers axis axial mesoderm axle axial muscles axoaxonal axial plane axoaxonal synapses axial polarity axodendritic axial skeleton axolotl axil axon axilla axon bundles of the optic nerve axillae axon collaterals axillary axon hillock axillary artery axon membrane axillary bud axon plasma membrane axillary buds of shoots axon reflex 60 axon telodendria axon telodendria axon terminals axonal damage axonal disruption axonal ending axonal terminals axonal transport axonemal dynein axoplasmic flow axoplasmic transport axopods axosomatic axostyle azidothymidine azithromycin azlocillin azoles azotemia aztreonam azure B azurophilic azygos system of veins azygos vein 61 B and T lymphocyte defects B Bacillus anthracis B and T lymphocyte defects bacillus Calmette-Guérin B box Bacillus welchii B cell antigen receptor genes bacitracin B cell exhaustion bacitracin disk B cell lymphoma of the gastric mucosa bacitracin disk test B cell receptors back B cell tumor back digit B cells back musculature B cells responses back mutation b genes back surface B lymphocytes back teeth B virus backache babesiosis backache of period pain Babinski’s sign backbone Babinski's up-going toe reflex backbone of DNA baby backbone phosphate baby boom backbone phosphoryl groups baby fishes backbone strand baby teeth backbone sugar BAC clone backcross BAC cloning phase backcross offspring BAC vector backflow Bachmann's bundle background bacillary angiomatosis background extinction bacillary dysentery background extinction rate bacilli bacteria background fluorescence bacillus background material 62 background selection background selection bacterial decomposers background staining bacterial diseases background stimuli bacterial DNA back-mutations bacterial DNA polymerase back-to-back primers bacterial dysentery backup response bacterial enzyme BACs bacterial flagellum bacteremia bacterial genetics bacteremic bacterial genomes bacteria bacterial growth bacteria eaters bacterial identification bacteria swab bacterial infection bacterial bacterial killing bacterial antigens bacterial nutrient cycling bacterial artificial chromosome bacterial pathogens bacterial burden bacterial plasmid bacterial capsular polysaccharide epitopes bacterial pneumonia bacterial cell bacterial population bacterial cell division bacterial products bacterial cell division phase bacterial proteins bacterial cell walls bacterial receptor bacterial chromosomes bacterial recombinations bacterial clearance bacterial resistance to antibiotics bacterial clones bacterial ribosomes bacterial counts bacterial species bacterial culture bacterial spores bacterial cytoplasm bacterial superinfection bacterial cytotoxicity bacterial surface 63 bacterial surface antigens bacterial surface antigens bacteriology bacterial symbionts bacteriolysis bacterial taxa bacteriophage/phage bacterial toxins bacteriophage genomes bacterial transformation bacteriophage M13 bacterial translation bacteriophage vector bacterial translation initiation sequences bacteriorhodopsin bacterial type II enzyme bacteriostasis bacterial typing bacteriostatic bacterial virulence bacteriostatic activity bacterial viruses bacteriostatic preservative bacterial walls bacteriostatics bacteria-laden bacterium bacteria-like bacteriuria bacterially encoded bacteroids bactericidal bactoprenol bactericidal activity baculovirus bactericidal agents BAER bactericidal effect Baermann funnel gauze method bactericidal substance Baermann method bactericidal synergism Baer's law bacteriocins bag of waters bacteriocytes Bainbridge reflex bacteriologic loop bait protein bacteriological culturing method Baker's cyst bacteriologically confirmed baker's itch bacteriologically sterile baking bacteriologist BAL 64 BAL specimens BAL specimens banding patterns of genes balamuthiosis Bang’s disease balance bank balance of nature Bankart lesion balanced bar forms balanced diet barbed balanced gamets barbed hooks balanced polymorphism barbiturates balancing organs barbs balancing selection barbules balanomorph barnacles barcode balanomorphs barcode identifier balanoposthitis barcoding project balantidosis bare area of the liver ball and socket joints bare ground ball-and-stick model bare lymphocyte syndrome ballism bare soil ballooned barium enema ballooning barium sulfate ballooning cytoplasm bark balsa tree barkin BALT barking cough band barnacles band forms barometric pressure banded baroreceptor discharge banded iron formations baroreceptor reflexes banding baroreceptors banding pattern baroreflex 65 Barr body Barr body barrel chest barrel-chested basal deuterostomes basal end basal epithelial cells barrel-shaped basal forebrain barren basal forebrain sleep zone barrier basal ganglia barrier defenses basal granule barrier device basal holdfast barrier methods of contraception basal lamina barrier of activation energy basal level barrier to dispersal basal medium barriers to gene flow basal membrane Bartholin’s glands basal metabolic processes bartholinitis basal metabolic rate Bartonellae basal metabolism barttin basal nuclei basal basal nucleus of Meynert basal angiosperms basal plate basal animal phyla basal portions of glands basal apparatus basal surface basal body basal telencephalon basal body structures basal temperature basal body temperature basal transcription complex basal branches basal transcription factors basal cell basally basal cell layer base basal coil of the cochlea bases basal compartment base analogs 66 base change base change base pair sequence base composition base pair sites base composition of DNA base pair substitution base excess base pairing base excision repair base pairing properties base methylations base pairing region base mismatch repair base pairing stability base mispairs base population base modification base position base of hairs in the dermis base ring base of mandible base sequence base of stapes base stacking base of the bladder base stacking hydrophobic interactions base of the body of penis base stacking interactions base of the cladogram base triplet base of the distal phalanx of the great toe base uracil base of the heart base-change event base of the modiolus based base of the neck baseline base of the penis baseline data base of the skull baseline fitness base of the thenar eminence baseline population base of the tongue basement matrix base of the zygomatic process basement membrane base pair base-modifying reaction base pair changes base-pair base pair differences base-pair change base pair position base-pair substitution 67 base-paired base-paired basic patterns of inheritance base-paired helix basic plan of development base-paired purines and pyrimidines basic proteins base-paired RNA basic rhythm of breathing base-paired stems basic rhythm of respiration base-pairing basic solution base-pairing interactions basidia base-pairing rules basidiocarp base-pairing rules for DNA basidiomycete base-specific basidiomycetes base-specific cleavage reaction Basidiomycota base-stacking interactions basidiospore base-substitution mutation basidium basic basilar arteries basic amino acids basilar artery basic body plan basilar membrane basic chemistry basilar part basic diagnostics basilar tip aneurysm basic domains basilic vein basic electrical rhythm basin basic energy equation basis basic HLH basis of inheritance basic HLH proteins basis of photosynthesis basic leucine zipper basket cells basic level of transcription basolateral basic metabolic processes basolateral membrane basic pattern basolateral side basic pattern of segments basophil CFU 68 basophilic basophilic BCG basophilic granules BCG infections in bladder carcinoma treatment basophilic granulocytes BCGF basophils Bcl2 BAT BCYE agar Batesian mimicry bdelloid rotifers, bdelloids Batesian mimics B-DNA bathe BDNF Batoidea BD-X fusion bats bead bat's sonar beads battery bead-like battle beads on a string BAV beads-on-a-string Bayesian approach beak Bayesian method beaker bayou beam of light B-cell blasts beams of electrons B-cell epitopes bean-shaped B-cell growth factor bear B-cell hyperplasia beard ringworm B-cell leukemia 2 antigen bearded fireworm B-cell lymphoma bearer B-cell malignancy bearing B-cell receptor factor I beat B-cell receptors beating cilia B-cell system beating of flagella B-cell tolerance 69 beaver dam beaver dam become disoriented become a butterfly become dissociated become an ulcus become diverse become apparent become dormant become associated with become dry become attached to become easily fatigued become biochemically and structurally specialized become energized become entirely extinct become broadly distributed become established become broken become excessive become cancerous become expressed become chronic become extinct become clogged become extinguished become cloudy become fixed become comatose become fossilized become concentrated become fossils become confluent become fragmented become continuous become fully double-stranded become covalently linked become fully terrestrial become damaged become functional become degraded become fused become dehydrated become genetically differentiated become denatured become glued together become depolarized become green become destabilized become homogeneous become desynchronized become ill become detached become immune become diluted become imprinted 70 become inactive become inactive become solid become incorporated become solidified into rock become individualized become spatially organized become infected become specialized become inflamed become stationary become integrated become stunted become limp become sympatric become malignant become tangled become manifest become very diverse become methylated become vestigial become moldy become visible become mutated become warmer become oncogenic become weakened become opaque become widely distributed become oxidized bed become phosphorylated bed bugs become positively charged bedrock become pregnant beds become progressively impaired bed-wetting become rearranged beech become reduced bee-eater become relocated beef tapeworm become reproductively isolated bee's purple become resistant beestings become rigid beeswax become saturated behavior become sensitized behavior capacity become separated behavior of chromosomes 71 behavior patterns behavior patterns bejel behavioral Belding's ground squirrel behavioral adaptations bell curve behavioral barrier belly behavioral biologist belly behavioral changes belly scales behavioral characteristics below-ground behavioral defenses belt behavioral differences Bembicini behavioral disorders Bence-Jones proteins behavioral ecologist bend behavioral ecology bend inward behavioral evolution bending behavioral genetics bending behavioral isolation bending movements behavioral pattern bending of the DNA behavioral phenotype beneficial behavioral physiology beneficial effect behavioral plasticity beneficiary behavioral rhythms benefit behavioral sterility benefit-to-risk ratio behavioral therapy benign behavioral traits bent behavioral variation benthic behaviorally benthic area behaviors benthic environment behavioural data benthic zone behavioural ecology benthos 72 benzalkonium chloride benzalkonium chloride betalactamase benzene ring betalactamase stability benzimidazole compound betalactamase-stable betalactam antibiotic benzimidazoles betalactams benznidazole beta-lactams benzo[a]pyrene biallelic markers benzodiazepine drugs bias benzodiazepines bias in the fossil record benzoyl peroxide biased sex ratio benzyl benzoate biaxial saddle joint benzyl penicillin biaxial synovial joints benzylpenicillin bible BER bicarbonate Bergman glia bicarbonate ion beta bicarbonate system beta blockers biceps brachii muscle beta cells biceps femoris muscle beta cells of the pancreas biceps muscle beta globulins biceps tendon beta oxidation bicipital aponeurosis beta proteobacteria bicipital groove beta rhythm patterns bicoid beta toxin bicomponent beta-adrenergic receptors biconcave betagalactosidase bicondylar joints beta-hemolytic group A streptococci bicondylar synovial joints betalactam antibiotics biconvex betalactam ring bicornuate uterus 73 bicuspid aortic valve bicuspid aortic valve bilateral ligation of the vas deferens bicuspid pulmonary valve bilateral nervous system bicuspid valve bilateral renal agenesis bicuspids bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy bidirectional bilateral symmetry bidirectionally bilaterally symmetrical biennially Bilateria biennials bilaterian animals bifacetal cervical vertebral dislocation bilaterians bifascicular block bilayer bifid bilayered bifid uvula bile biflagellate bile acids biflagellated bile canaliculi bifunctional bile duct bifurcate bile duct parasite bifurcate ligament bile duct-intestinal tract route bifurcating bile ducts bifurcating trees bile flow bifurcation bile lakes big eaters bile pigment big toe bile salts big-bang bile solubility test big-bang reproduction bile-stained bikonts bilharziasis bilateral bilharzioma bilateral choanal atresia bilharziosis bilateral fracture biliary atresia 74 biliary cholesterol biliary cholesterol binding affinity biliary dilation binding capacity biliary ducts binding genes biliary epithelium binding groove biliary obstruction binding of drugs biliary pathways binding pocket biliary radicals binding proteins biliary radicles binding region biliary rickets binding site biliary rupture binding specificities bilious vomiting binding strength bilirubin binding subunit bilirubin diglucuronide binding surface bilirubin encephalopathy binding variability bilirubin reductase binocular vision biliverdin binoculars bill binomial bilobed binomial equation bimodal binomial nomenclature bimodal distribution binomial system of naming organisms binary fission binomial system of nomenclature binary toxin binomial theorem binary transverse fission binuclear bind bioaccumulation bindin bioactive binding bioassay -binding bioavailability binding activity bioburden 75 biochemical ability biochemical ability biofilm strategy biochemical capacities biofilm structure biochemical functioning biofuel biochemical information biofuel crops biochemical level biogenetic law biochemical means biogenic amines biochemical pathway biogeochemical biochemical reactivity biogeochemical cycle biochemical resistance biogeographer biochemical techniques biogeographic biochemical test biogeographic history biochemically biogeographic realm biochemist biogeography biochemistry biohazard hood biochemistry of behavior bioinformatic biodegradable bioinformatics biodegrade bioinformatics tools biodiversity biologic activity biodiversity conservation biologic half-life biodiversity crisis biologic membranes biodiversity hot spots biologic oxidation biodiversity hotspot biologic warfare bioenergetic biological bioenergetics biological assay biofeedback biological augmentation biofeedback system biological carbon pump biofilm biological catalyst biofilm matrix biological change 76 biological clock biological clock biological system biological community biological-clock proteins biological computing biologically biological control biologically active biological diversity biologically important reaction biological events biologically inert biological evolution biologically labile biological fluid biologically type biological growth biologist biological hierarchy biology biological homology bioluminescence biological hotspots bioluminescent biological imaging biomanipulation biological inhibitions biomass biological magnification biome biological membrane biomedical biological molecules biomedical research lab biological organization biomedicine biological polymers biomolecules biological reaction biophilia biological research biopsy biological restoration biopsy material biological rhythm biopsy specimen biological sciences bioremediation biological speciation interval bioremediation potential biological species concept bioremediator biological stain biorhythm biological success biosafety level 77 biosonar biosonar biotrophic biosphere biotype biosynthesis biotyping biosynthesis enzymes biovar biosynthetic biovar eltor biosynthetic machinery biparental biosynthetic pathways biparental care biosynthetic precursors biparental inheritance biota biparentally biotechnological production of proteins biparentally inherited loci biotechnology biparentally inherited markers bioterrorism bipedal bioterrorism-biowarfare agent bipedal locomotion bioterrorist anthrax bipedalism bioterrorist attack bipeds biotic bipennate biotic changes biphasic biotic factors biphasic action potential biotic pollution bipolar cells biotic potential bipolar disorder biotic uptake bipolar recording biotin bipolar staining biotin-avidin method biradial symmetry biotin-avidin-peroxidase complex biradially symmetrical biotin-coupled MHC class I heavy chains biramous biotin-specific antibodies bird biotinylated bird droppings biotope bird eggs 78 bird of prey bird of prey bite wound bird songs bitemporal hemianopia bird vocalization bithionol birdlike biting midges birdness biting-chewing birds of paradise bits of RNA birth bits of vegetation birth asphyxia bitter pathways birth canal bitter receptor birth control bitter taste receptors birth control methods bitter tastes birth control pills bitter-responsive receptors birth defect-causing bituminous coal birth defects bivalent birth injury bivalents birth process bivalves birth rate Bivalvia birth trauma biventricular hypertrophy birth weight BK virus bisect black bread mold bisexual black disease bismuth black fungi bis-phenol black mold bisphosphoglycerate black pepper family bisynaptic blackened bite black-eyed Susan bite injury blackflies bite reaction blackfly fever 79 blackwater fever blackwater fever bleach out bladder bleached bladder base bleaching bladder outlet obstruction bleb bladder wall bleeding blade bleeding disorder blade of grass bleeding gums bladed bleeding tendency blades bleeding ulcer blanket blend BLAST blend inseparably BLAST search blender blastocoel blending inheritance blastocoel cavity blending of traits blastocoel wall blepharitis blastoconidium blight of potatoes blastocyst blind blastocyst cavity blind end blastocystosis blind gut blastoderm blind loop syndrome blastodisc blind spot blastomeres blind-ended blastomycosis blindly blastopore blindness blastospores blister blastula blister contents blastulae blister-like lesions Blattodea bloating 80 blob-like blob-like blood culture block blood culture bottle block blood flow blood culture instrument block duplication blood disorders block of loci blood electrolytes block of mesoderm blood eosinophilia block to polyspermy blood film blockage blood flow blockage of e-type blood flow velocity blockage of i-type blood flukes blockage of nasal passages blood forms blocked blood gas measurement blood blood gases blood agar blood glucose blood agar plates blood glucose concentration blood buffer blood glucose level blood cavity blood group blood cells blood group alleles blood chemistry blood group antibodies blood cholesterol level blood group antigens blood circulation blood group genotypes blood clots blood group systems blood clotting blood group tests blood clotting cascade blood homeostasis blood clotting factor Vlll blood loss blood coagulation blood loss anemia blood coagulation pathways blood low in oxygen blood concentrate blood meal 81 blood monocytes blood monocytes blood vessel walls blood pH blood vessels blood plasma blood volume blood platelets blood with EDTA blood pressure blood-borne blood pressure cuff blood-borne antigens blood pressure fall blood-brain barrier blood pressure fluctuations blood-clotting factors blood pressure homeostasis blood-clotting proteins blood pressure measurement blood-concentration procedure blood products blood–CSF barrier blood proteins blood-drinking bats blood protozoa blood-enriched agar blood schizonts blood-forming cells blood serum bloodmeal blood sinus blood-retinal barrier blood smear blood-screening procedures blood smear preparation bloodstream blood spot bloodsuckers blood stages bloodsucking blood stream blood-sucking blood sugar level blood-testis barrier blood sugar-lowering hormone blood-tinged blood supply blood-vessel endothelium blood transfusion bloody blood type bloody diarrheas blood typing bloody expectoration blood urea nitrogen bloody stools 82 bloom bloom BMP4 blooming Bochdalek's hernia blooms bodied blossom bodily secretions blot body blotted onto body aches blotches body activities blotting techniques body armor blowfly body axes blowing soil body axis blowout fracture body bending blubber body cavity blue-light photoreceptors body cells blue-white screening body coat blue-white selection body color blunt body configuration blunt abdominal trauma body constituents blunt end ligation body contour blunt end molecule body core blunt trauma body core temperature blunted body covering blunted antibody response body design blunted villi body fat depots blunt-ended body feathers blurred vision body fluids B-lymphoblastoid cells body form BMI body growth BMP body hair 83 body hairs body hairs body pattern body heat body plan body humors body posture body lice body proportions body louseborne body protein body mass body region body mass index body rhythms body movements body shape body muscle mass body site body needs body size body of clitoris body spaces body of epididymis body stores of iron body of gallbladder body structure body of hyoid bone body support body of incus body surface area body of mandible body symmetry body of maxilla body systems body of sternum body temperature body of the penis body tissues body of the pubic bone body wall body of the stomach body wasting body of the uterus body weight body of the vertebra body's center of gravity body of water body's defense system body openings body's internal defenses body organs body's outer barriers body orifices body's thermostat body parts body's tissues 84 body's water and electrolyte balance body's water and electrolyte balance bonded atoms body-temperature fluctuations bonded by electrical attraction body-warm stool specimen bonded socially Boeck's sarcoid bonding bog bonding arrangement boggy bonding capacity bogs bonding interactions Bohn nodules bonding site Bohr effect bone Bohr model bone articulations Bohr shift bone cells boil bone cement boiling point retardation bone conduction boil-like bone density bolitoglossines bone formation bolster bone fractures bolt bone growth bolting bone lesions bolus bone loss bombard bone marrow bombardment bone marrow stem cells bond bone mass bond axis bone matrix bond breaking bone meal bond energy bone metabolism bond forming bone morphogenic protein bonded bone morphogenic protein 4 bonded to bone pain 85 bone remodeling bone remodeling bony pelvis bone resorption bony plates bone softening bony processes bone tenderness bony prominences bone tissue bony protuberance bone tumor bony rays bone-building cells bony ring bone-forming cells bony sclerosis bone-remodeling unit bony shelf bonobo bony skeleton bony bony skull crest bony armor bony socket bony canal bony structure bony cyst bony surfaces bony dermal scales bony-armored bony fishes book lungs bony framework of the back boom-and-bust cycles bony growth boomer bony injury booming bony labyrinth boost bony landmarks booster bony maturity booster dose bony metastasis booster immunizations bony optic canal booster response bony orbit booster shot bony outgrowths booster vaccination bony pelvic outlet booster vaccine bony pelvic ring boot-shaped heart 86 bootstrap values bootstrap values bottle-shaped ulcers bootstrapping bottom borborygmi bottom muck border bottom sediment border of oval fossa border region bottom water bottom-dwelling borderline bottom-up borderline case bottom-up community boreal forest bottom-up control born bottom-up model borne bottom-up processes Bornholm disease bottom-up regulatory processes boron botulinum neurotoxin borreliae botulinum toxin Boston exanthem botulism botanical botulism exotoxin botanical garden bound botanist -bound botany bound to bothersome bound together bothria bound ribosomes Botox bound up bottle boundary bottle feeding bounded bottleneck bounded by a membrane bottleneck effect bounded hybrid superiority bottleneck episode bounded hybrid zone bottlenecked populations bounding pulse 87 bout bout brachial bovichthyids brachial artery Bovichthyidae brachial plexus bovids brachial plexus injury Bovidae brachial pulse bovine brachial somatic plexus bovine leukemia virus brachial vein bovine spongiform encephalopathy brachialis muscle bow brachiate bowel brachiating bowel loops brachiocephalic nodes bowel movements brachiocephalic trunk bowel obstruction brachiocephalic vein bowel rupture brachiopods, Brachiopoda bowel sounds brachioradialis bowel wall brachioradialis muscle bower brachium conjunctivum bowerbird brachium pontis bowl shape Brachycera bowl-shaped bracket Bowman’s space bracket fungi Bowman's capsule brackish Bowman's glands bracts Bowman's layer bradycardia box bradycardiac box jellyfish bradykinesia bp bradykinin bp/turn bradyzoites 88 brain brain brain-like brain capillaries brain's perception brain cells brain's plexus choroideus brain circuits brainstem brain damage brainstem auditory evoked response brain death brainstem nuclei brain development brain-surgery patients brain electrodes brainy brain function branch brain heart infusion branches brain hormone branch off brain imaging studies branch out brain interstitial fluid branch point brain lobes branch roots brain microvessels branch scars brain natriuretic peptide branch system brain potential branched brain reward system branched-chain DNA amplification brain stem branched-chain DNA assay brain surgery branched-chain DNA test brain swelling branches of evolution brain wave frequencies branchial arches brain wave patterns branchial cleft cysts brain waves branchial grooves braincase branchial pouches brain-derived branching brain-derived neurotropic factor branching diagram brain-imaging technique branching event 89 branching history of life branching history of life breakdown products branching order breaking branching pattern breakthrough bleeding branching point breakup branching points in the evolution breast buds branching process breast cancer branching relationships breast development branching sequence breast discomfort Branchiostoma breast keel branchpoint sequence breastbone Brassicaceae breast-fed brassinosteroids breast-feeding breach breast-feeding infants break breast-milk jaundice break apart breasts break down breath holding break free breath sounds break in the skin breath test break off breathing break open breathing air break through to breathing control center break up breathing cycle breakage breathing difficulties break-bone fever breathing movements breakdown breathing passage breakdown in miRNA function breathing rate breakdown pathway breathing rhythm breakdown process breathing tube 90 breech extraction breech extraction brick-shaped breed bridge factor breed successfully bridge of the nose breed true bridging factor breed true brief breeder brief febrile episodes breeders' equation brief seasonal flowering breeding brief viremic episode breeding age bright breeding behavior bright-colored breeding biology bright-field microscope breeding cavity brightfield microscopy breeding coloration bright-field microscopy breeding experiment brightly colored breeding ground brightness breeding lineage brine solution breeding pair bring breeding place bring together breeding population brink of extinction breeding potential briny breeding programme bristle worms breeding season bristlecone pine breeding status bristle-like breeding system bristlelike structures breeding technique bristles breeding territories bristletail breeding unit brittle bones bregma brittle stars 91 BRO penicillinases BRO penicillinases bromodeoxyuridine broad condylomas bromodomain broad leaves bronchi broad ligament bronchial broad spectrum bronchial alveolar lavage fluid broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy bronchial artery broad-spectrum antibiotics bronchial asthma broad tapeworm bronchial branches broadcast spawners bronchial constriction broadcast spawning corals bronchial glands broadening bronchial lavage broader lateral plate bronchial muscle broadleaf bronchial passages broadleaf evergreen trees bronchial pneumonia broadleaf forest bronchial system broadleaf trees bronchial tone broadly sympatric bronchial tree Broca's area bronchial veins Brodie abscess bronchial vessels Brodmann's area 3 bronchial walls Brodmann's cortical areas bronchiectasis broken bronchioles broken down bronchiolitis broken end bronchitis broken-down bronchoalveolar lavage broken-open cells bronchoalveolar lavage fluid bromeliads, Bromeliaceae bronchoalveolar lavage specimens bromine bronchoconstriction 92 bronchodilation bronchodilation brood-parasitic birds bronchogenic carcinoma broth bronchomediastinal trunk broth culture bronchomotor nerves broth dilution test bronchophony broth-based medium bronchopneumonia brothers bronchopulmonary brought bronchopulmonary disease brow ridges bronchopulmonary dysplasia Browicz-Kupffer cells bronchopulmonary segments brown adipose tissue bronchopulmonary tree brown adipose tissue cells bronchoscope brown algae bronchoscopically sampled bronchial secretion brown centipede brown dog tick bronchoscopy specimen brown fat bronchospasm Brownian movement bronchus brows bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue browse Brontotheriidae Brucella base brood brucellae brood body brucellosis brood capsules Bruch's membrane brood care bruisability brood parasite bruising brood parasitism bruits brood size Brunner's glands brooders brush brooding corals brush biopsy 93 brush border brush border buckle brush border enzyme buckle inward brushes of cilia buckled Brushfield spots bud brushy bud off Bruton's X-chromosome-linked B-cell defect bud primordia bruxism bud scale Bryophyta bud scale scars bryophyte budding bryozoans, Bryozoa buffalo gnats B-type natriuretic peptide buffalo hump bubble coral buffer bubbles buffer acids bubo buffer anions bubo pus buffer base content bubonic plague buffer nerves buccal buffer reaction buccal artery buffer solution buccal capsule buffer system buccal cavity buffer zone buccal frenum buffered buccal gingivae buffered charcoal yeast extract agar buccal mucosa buffered stomach buccal nerve buffering capacity buccal smear buffering properties buccal vestibule buffering system buccinator muscle buffy coat buccopharyngeal fascia buffy coat examination 94 buffy coat preparation of blood buffy coat preparation of blood bulk feeder bugs bulk flow build bulk transport build up bulky building block bull elk building material bullae build-up bullfrog bulb bullous exfoliative dermatitis bulb of the penis bullous impetigo bulb of the vestibule bumble bee bulbar bumper bulbar conjunctiva bumps bulbar poliomyelitis BUN bulbar sheath bundle branch block bulblet bundle branches bulb-like bundle of fibers bulbocavernosus bundle of His bulbocavernosus muscle bundle of Kent bulbospongiosus muscle bundle scars bulbourethral artery bundle sheath bulbourethral fluid bundle sheath cells bulbourethral gland bundle sheath extensions bulbous bundled bulbous swellings bundled together bulge bundle-forming pili bulging bundles bulk bundles of atrial fibers bundles of fibers 95 bundles of fibers bundles of fibers bursa bundles of microfilaments bursae bundle-sheath cells bursal equivalent bunion burst Bunyamwera virus burst of synthesis bunyavirus infections burst open bunyaviruses burst size buoyancy bursting buoyant bush buoyant density bush crickets burden bush meat Burkitt lymphoma bushy burn shock buttercup burn victims buttocks burn wound buttonlike burned area buttons burning buttress roots burning of fossil fuels buttresses burning pain butyrate burning with urination butyric acid burns butyric acid fermentation burping by burrow by means of burrower bypass burrowing byproduct burrowing lifestyle byproducts of bacterial growth burrs B-Z junction burs bZIP 96 bZIP proteins bZIP proteins 97 C Ca2+ C Ca2+ channels C activator Ca2+ concentration C atom Ca2+ current C box Ca2+ sparks C box promoter sequence Ca2+-binding domain C cells Ca2+-dependent molecules C PAH Ca2+-pumping capacity C cabbage family C polysaccharides cache C region cachectic C segment cachexia C substance CaCO3 C system Cactaceae C terminus cacti C. perfringens cactus family C. welchii cactus finches C3 pathway cactus mouse C1 inhibitor cadang-cadang disease C1 metabolism cadaver dissection C2H6 cadaverine C3 cadavers C3 plants caddisflies C4 plants cadherins C4 reactions cadmium C5-9-mediated lysis caecilians C8-binding protein Caeciliidae Ca caesin 98 café au lait spot café au lait spot calcified CAG calcify CAG repeats calcineurin caged calcium phosphate CAH calcium regulation caisson disease calcium salts cal calcium stones Calabar swellings calcium-binding proteins calamites calcium-containing kidney stones calbindin calcofluor white stain calcaneal nerve calculate calcaneal sulcus calculated antibiotic therapy calcaneal tendon calculated therapy calcaneal tubercle calculi calcaneal tuberosity calendar method calcaneocuboid joint calf calcaneocuboid ligament calf muscle tenderness calcaneofibular calf veins calcaneofibular ligament caliber calcaneonavicular calibrate calcaneonavicular ligament calibrated calcaneus calibration curve calcareous calices calcareous corpuscles calicivirus calcareous sponges California encephalitis calcarine cortex California encephalitis virus calcification California grunion California leaf-nosed bat 99 California mouse California mouse calves Callichthyidae Calvin cycle callithricids Calvin cycle intermediates callosal Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle calls calving grounds Calluna vulgaris calyptra callus calyx Callyspongia vaginalis calyxlike calming effect CAM calmness CAM pathway calmodulin CAM photosynthesis calmodulin-dependent CAM plant calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase cambial caloric content cambial initial caloric intake Cambrian caloric requirement Cambrian explosion caloric restriction Cambrian period caloric stimulation Cambrian radiation caloric value camellia calorically adequate diet camera eyes calorie cAMP calorie restriction cAMP receptor protein calorigenic action cAMP response element-binding protein calorigenic effect cAMP second-messenger system calorimeter Camper's fascia calpain camphor calva cAMP-responsive element-binding protein calvaria camptothecin 100 campylobacteriosis campylobacteriosis cancer vaccines campylobacters cancer-causing CAMs cancer-causing agents canal of Schlemm cancer-causing genes canalicular cancer-causing mutations canalicular cholestasis cancerous canalicular system cancerous canaliculi cancerous cells canaliculitis cancerous phenotype canaliculus cancerous state canalis gynaecophorus Candida infections canalise Candida skin test canalization candidal esophagitis canalize candidate genes canalized candidate loci canals of Havers candidial canarypox candidiasis canavanine candodoses cancellous bone canids , Canidae cancer canine distemper cancer cell antigens canine teeth, canines cancer cell growth cannibal salamanders cancer cell proliferation cannibalistic cancer cells cannibalize cancer cells cannibalized rybosomes cancer drugs cannulate cancer patients canola cancer treatment canola oil 101 canonical sequence canonical sequence capillary breakage canopy capillary circulation canopy trees capillary clusters canyon capillary cytoadherence canyon structure capillary density cap capillary dilation CAP capillary electrophoresis cap of cells capillary endothelium cap region of the RNA capillary hemangiomas cap site capillary leakage cap structure capillary loop capability capillary membrane capacitance vessel capillary network capacitation capillary permeability capacity capillary plugging capacity for behavior capillary pressure capacity for learned behavior capillary return cap-bearing capillary walls CAPD capitate cap-dependent capitis Cape scrub capitulum capillaries capless capillary capnophilic streptococci capillary action capped capillary basal lamina capping capillary basement membrane capping enzymes capillary bed capping of mRNAs capillary blood flow capsaicin 102 capsaicin receptor capsaicin receptor captive breeding Capsella bursa-pastoris captive breeding program capsid assembly captive breeding programme capsid material captive inbreeding capsid proteins captive-bred capsid symmetry captive-breeding program capsid virus captively bred capsids captive-reared capsomeres captivity capsomeric structure captorhinomorphs capsular capture capsular antigens capture assay capsular carbohydrates capture method capsular K antigen capture test capsular polysaccharides capture-mark-recapture study capsular serotypes capuchins capsular serovars caput medusae capsule caput succedaneum capsule of Ténon capybara capsule of the joint carabid beetles capsule of the sporophyte carapace capsule of the temporomandibular joint carbamino compound capsule polysaccharides carbamino-CO2 capsule serovar carbamoyl phosphate capsule subunits of bacteria carbapenemases capsule switching carbapenems capsule-like carbenicillin captive carbohydrate - 103 carbohydrate absorption carbohydrate absorption carbonic acid carbohydrate component carbonic acid–bicarbonate system carbohydrate group carbonic anhydrase carbohydrate polymer Carboniferous carbohydrate residues Carboniferous period carbol fuchsin carbon-to-carbon bonds carbolfuchsin carbonyl group carbol-fuchsin staining carbonyl group carbon carbolic acid carboxy terminus carbon carboxyhemoglobin carbon carboxyl end carbon autotrophic plants carboxyl end of protein carbon chain carboxyl group carbon compounds carboxyl group carbon cycle carboxyl penicillins carbon dioxide carboxyl terminals carbon fixation carboxylate carbon fixation pathway carboxylation carbon fixation reaction carboxylic acids carbon monoxide carboxylpenicillins carbon monoxide diffusing capacity carboxypeptidase carbon monoxide poisoning carboxy-terminal carbon reduction carboxy-terminal domain carbon reduction phase carboxy-terminal region carbon skeleton carbuncles carbon tetrachloride carcass carbonaceous chondrites carcinoembryonic antigen carbonate ion carcinogenesis 104 carcinogenic carcinogenic cardiac disease carcinogenic retroviruses cardiac dysfunction carcinogens cardiac enlargement carcinoma cardiac failure carcinomatous changes cardiac filling card agglutination trypanosomosis test cardiac glycosides Cardamine hirsuta cardiac homeobox gene cardia cardiac index cardiac cardiac innervation cardiac abnormalities cardiac ischemia cardiac and vasomotor centers cardiac lesions cardiac apex cardiac massage cardiac arrest cardiac motion cardiac arrhythmias cardiac murmurs cardiac atrial muscle cells cardiac muscle cardiac auscultation cardiac muscle cells cardiac branches cardiac muscle fibers cardiac cells cardiac musculature cardiac centers cardiac myocytes cardiac chambers cardiac nerves cardiac compression cardiac opening of the stomach cardiac conduction system cardiac output cardiac contractility cardiac pacemaker cardiac contractions cardiac pain cardiac cycle cardiac plexus cardiac defects cardiac position cardiac defects cardiac problems cardiac dilation cardiac rate 105 cardiac reflexes cardiac reflexes cardiovascular abnormalities cardiac remodeling cardiovascular collapse cardiac repolarization cardiovascular control cardiac skeleton cardiovascular disease cardiac surgery cardiovascular disorders cardiac sympathetic nerves cardiovascular disruptions cardiac tamponade cardiovascular effects cardiac valves cardiovascular function cardiac vector cardiovascular problems cardiac veins cardiovascular reflexes cardial notch cardiovascular regulation cardial orifice cardiovascular symptoms cardial orifice of the stomach cardiovascular syphilis cardinal ligament cardiovascular system cardioacceleratory effect cardiovascular system cardioesophageal junction carfecillin cardiogenic shock cargo cardioinhibitory cargo of electrons cardiolipin cargo-binding domain cardiomediastinal contour caries cardiomegaly caries bacteria cardiomyopathy carina cardiopathy cariogenic cardiopulmonary arrest cariogenic bacteria cardiopulmonary receptors cariogenic oral bacteria cardiopulmonary resuscitation carious cardiorespiratory function carious lesions cardiovascular carnitine 106 Carnivora Carnivora carotid triangle carnivorous carp carotene carpal arch carotenemia carpal artery carotenoid carpal bones carotenoid pigments carpal joints caroticotympanic nerves carpal tunnel carotid carpal tunnel syndrome carotid artery carpals carotid baroreceptors carpel carotid bifurcation carpellate flowers carotid bodies carpels carotid bruit carpet carotid canal carpets carotid chemoreceptors carpometacarpal joint carotid circulation carpopedal spasm carotid plaque carpus carotid plexus carrageenan carotid pressure carriage carotid pulse carried carotid pulse pressure carrier carotid receptors carrier molecules carotid sheath carrier organism carotid sinus carrier proteins carotid sinus nerve carrier rates carotid sinus syncope carrier state carotid stenosis carrier-mediated active transport carotid system carrier-mediated transport 107 carrion crow carrion crow Carrion’s disease case reports ... case studies carrot family case study carry caseation carry blood away from caseation necrosis carry off casein carry on caseous carry out caseous necrosis carrying angle Casparian strip carrying capacity caspase activation cartilage caspases cartilage cells caspofungin cartilage discs between the vertebrae cassava cartilage surface cassowaries cartilage templates cast fossil cartilage tissue castanospermine cartilaginous caste cartilaginous ends of ribs castings cartilaginous fishes castor bean tick cartilaginous joints castration carunculae myrtiformes casts caryopses CAT caryopsis cat fleas cascade cat forelimb cascade of reactions cat liver fluke case cat scratch disease case counts catabolic case history catabolic enzymes 108 catabolic intermediary metabolism catabolic intermediary metabolism catalytic protein catabolic metabolism catalytic rate catabolic operons catalytic reaction catabolic pathway catalytic RNAs catabolic processes catalytic site catabolic reaction catalytic subunit catabolism catalytic triad catabolite activator protein catalytically catabolite gene-activator protein catalyze catabolize -catalyzed catabolized cataplasm catalase cataract catalase + catarrhal catalase-negative catarrhal phase catalase-positive catarrhines catalpa tree catarrhine monkeys catalysis Catarrhini catalyst catastrophic event catalytic catastrophism catalytic abilities catch catalytic ability catch the disease catalytic action catchment catalytic activity catecholamines catalytic center catechol-O-methyltransferase catalytic cycle categorical hemisphere catalytic function category of classification catalytic power catelectronic current catalytic properties catelectrotonic 109 catenated catenated caudal caterpillar caudal ventrolateral medulla catfishes caudate lobe cathepsin caudate lobe of the liver cathepsin G caudate nucleus catheter causal agent catheter sepsis causal drugs catheter-associated sepsis causal factor catheterization causal infectious pathogen catheterized patients causal organism cathode causal pathogen cathode ray oscilloscope causal prophylaxis cation causalgia cation adhesion site causality cation channel causally cation exchange causative agent cationic causative factor cationic peptides causative organism cationic proteins causative pathogen cationically charged causative virus catkin cause catninetail cause death CATT cause disease cattail caustic soda cattle egret cauterizing cattle ranching caval obstruction Caucasians caval opening cauda equina caval system 110 cave cave CD4 cave-dwelling CD4 cells caveolae CD4 T cells caveolin CD4 T-helper cell cavern CD4 Treg cells cavernous bodies CD4+ cells cavernous body of the penis CD4+ lymphocytes cavernous lung condition CD4+ T cells cavernous nerves CD4+ T helper cells cavernous portion of urethra CD4+ T lymphocytes cavernous sinus CD4+ Tcell-dependent cavernous sinus thrombosis CD8 cells cavitating apical lung mass CD8+ T suppressor cells cavitation CD8+ T-cells cavities CDK cavities in the CNS CDK complex cavities within the lungs CDK complex subunits cavity CDK-cyclin complex cavity of the blastocyst cDNA cavity of the endoplasmic reticulum cDNA cavity of the tunica vaginalis cDNA cloning CBB cycle cDNA library CBC CDRs C-bearing nucleotide CDT CBMCs CEA CC chemokines cecal CCAAT box cecal appendix cccDNA cecum 111 cedar cedar cell adhesion molecules cefamandole cell aging cefazolin cell apex cefepime cell asymmetry cefmenoxime cell basal lamina cefodizime cell base cefoperazone cell biologist cefotaxime cell biology cefotiam cefoxitin cell body cell breakup cefpirome cell center ceftazidime cell chimerism ceftizoxime cell coat ceftriaxone cell communication cefuroxime cell components ceiling cell condensations celery family cell contents celiac cell cooperation celiac artery cell cord celiac ganglia cell cortex celiac ganglion cell crawling celiac nodes cell creeping celiac plexus cell cycle celiac sprue cell cycle checkpoints celiac trunk cell cycle clock cell cell cycle control proteins cell activation cell cycle control system cell adhesion cell cycle events 112 cell cycle machinery cell cycle machinery cell dynamics cell cycle phases cell elongation cell cycle process cell expansion cell cycle regulation cell extract cell cycle regulator cell fission cell cycle transition cell fixation cell cycle-blocking proteins cell fractionation cell cycle-inhibiting proteins cell fractions cell cytoplasm cell fragments cell death cell function cell death factor cell fusion cell death-promoter proteins cell generation cell death-suppressing genes cell genome cell death-suppressor proteins cell groups cell debris cell growth cell density cell heterogeneity cell destruction cell homogenate cell destruction mechanism cell imaging cell determination cell interactions cell developmental processes cell interior cell differences cell ionic balance cell differentiation cell junctions cell disruption cell layer cell division cell line cell division cycle cell lineage cell division process cell lineage diagram cell DNA cell lysate cell doubling cell lysis 113 cell machinery cell machinery cell rounding cell macromolecules cell sap cell maintenance cell shape cell membrane cell shape changes cell metabolism cell signaling cell migration cell signaling molecule cell migration cell signaling pathway cell monolayer cell skeleton cell motility cell smears cell movement cell specialization cell nucleus cell stream cell organelles cell structure cell organization cell suicide cell pellet cell surface cell pH cell surface adhesins cell phenotype cell surface antigens cell physiology cell surface expression cell plate cell surface markers cell pool cell surface proteins cell population density cell surface receptors cell preparations cell swelling cell process cell theory cell projections cell transformation cell proliferation cell trash cell receptor cell turgor cell recognition cell type cell replication cell type-specific cell reproduction cell typing 114 cell ultrastructure cell ultrastructure cell-mediated hypersensitivity cell volume cell-mediated immune response cell wall cell-mediated immunity cell wall analysis cellophane tape cell wall materials cells of the acini cell wall murein cells of the body cell wall proteins cells of the sex cords cell wall synthesis enzymes cells of the spinal ganglia cell wall teichoic acids cells on the surface cell wall-active antibiotics cell's permeability cell wall-associated proteins cells specialized to contract cell-activation machinery cells that contain stinging organelles cell-associated cell-signal processing cell-associated viremia cell-signaling mechanisms cell-based defenses cell-signaling pathways cell-bound B-cell receptors cell-signaling process cell-bound hemolysin cell-specific cell-cell and cell-tissue interactions cell-specific proteins cell-cell interactions cell-surface cell-cell recognition cell-surface interactions cell-coded cell-surface proteins cell-cycle checkpoint cell-surface receptor protein cell-derived cell-surface receptors cell-free cell-to-cell adhesion cell-free culture cell-to-cell bridge cell-free hemoglobin cell-to-cell cohesion cell-free translation system cell-to-cell communication cell-labeling cell-to-cell contact 115 cell-to-cell fusion cell-to-cell fusion cellular differentiation cell-to-cell interaction cellular DNA cell-to-cell interactions cellular DNA synthesis cell-to-cell signaling cellular DNA topology cell-to-cell signaling pathway cellular double lipid layer cell-to-cell signaling system cellular elements cell-to-cell spread cellular enzymes cellular cellular activity cellular adhesion cellular allergy cellular architecture cellular behavior cellular blastoderm cellular boundaries cellular cap cellular changes cellular communication cellular compartment cellular components cellular components cellular conditions cellular construction cellular damage cellular death cellular debris cellular defense cellular degranulation 116 cellular equipment cellular event cellular fatty acids cellular fuel cellular functions cellular genes cellular growth rate cellular growth-regulatory genes cellular growth-suppressor protein cellular immune response cellular immune system cellular immunity cellular immunopathology cellular immunotyping cellular infiltration cellular innate defenses cellular interactions cellular interferon gene cellular invasion cellular level cellular lipids cellular locales cellular locales cellular reproduction cellular location cellular resistance mechanisms cellular machinery cellular respiration cellular macromolecular synthesis cellular macromolecule cellular response cellular RNA cellular membranes cellular RNA-binding factors cellular metabolism cellular self antigens cellular molecules cellular signaling pathways cellular mRNA cellular skeleton cellular mucosal infiltration cellular slime molds cellular numbers cellular structure cellular order cellular swelling cellular organelles cellular synthetic processes cellular origin hypothesis cellular system cellular peptides cellular transformation cellular pH cellular transplantation antigen molecules cellular polymerase cellular viability and function cellular prion protein cellular work cellular processes cellularity cellular processes cellularization cellular proteins cellular-type cellular protrusions cellulase cellular receptors cellulitis cellular regulation cellulose cellular rejection cellulose ester cellular replication factors cellulose fibers cellular replication machinery cellulose fibrils cellular replicative processes cellulose microfibril 117 cellulose microfibrils cellulose microfibrils central cylinder of the root cellulose plates central delay cellulose synthase central disk cellulose tape slide central dogma cement glands central excitatory state cement together central fibers of the buccinator cemented together central gastrovascular cavity cementing central immune tolerance Cenozoic era central incisor tooth census count central inhibitory state census population size central lumen census size central matrix space center central microtubules center for disease control and prevention central necrosis center of high population density central nervous disorders with paralyses center of origin central nervous system centimorgans central nociceptor pathways centipedes central nodes central central palm central adrenal vein central pathways central axis of the body central pattern generator central body central posterior back pain central body axis central process central canal central processes central canal of the spinal cord central program generator central cavity central proposition central cell central region of the genome central core of the body central regions of the pre-mRNA 118 central respiratory control central respiratory control centrifuge tube central respiratory drive centrifuged central retinal artery centrilobular vein central retinal vein centrioles central spore centromedian nucleus of the thalamus central sulcus centromere central synapse centromere position central tendon centromere region central tendon of perineum centromere sequence central tendon of the diaphragm centromeric central tolerance centromeric DNA central vacuole centrosomes central veins century plant central venous access Cepaea nemoralis central venous pressure Cephalaspidomorphi centralis cephalic centralized cephalic cone centrally cephalic tetanus centrally located cephalic vein Centrarchidae cephalization centrifugal displacement cephalochordates centrifugal field Cephalochordata centrifugal flotation technique cephalochordate centrifugal force cephalohematoma centrifugally cephalopod mollusks centrifugation cephalopods centrifuge Cephalopoda centrifuge rotor cephalosporin 119 cephalosporinases cephalosporinases cerebral actinomycosis cephalothin cerebral angiography cephalothorax cerebral aqueduct cephamycins cerebral arterial circle ceramide cerebral arteries Cerastium arvense cerebral arterioles Ceratopogonidae cerebral artery ceratopogonids cerebral aspergillosis ceratopsians cerebral atrophy cercaria cerebral autoregulation cercariae cerebral blood flow cercarial dermatitis cerebral capillaries cercarial infection cerebral cells cercarial penetration of the skin cerebral center Cercopithecidae cerebral cortex cereal field cerebral damage cereal grains cerebral edema cerebellar cerebral embolization cerebellar cortex cerebral falx cerebellar hemispheres cerebral function impairment cerebellar nuclei cerebral ganglia cerebellar peduncles cerebral hemisphere cerebellar tentorium cerebral hemorrhage cerebellar veins cerebral hypoperfusion cerebellopontine angle cerebral infarction cerebellum cerebral ischemia cerebral cerebral malaria cerebral abscess cerebral mass lesions 120 cerebral metastases cerebral metastases cerebrovascular obstruction cerebral microcirculation cerebrum cerebral palsy cereolysin cerebral peduncle ceruloplasmin cerebral perfusion pressure cerumen cerebral radionuclide angiography cervical cerebral salt-wasting syndrome cervical band cerebral toxoplasmosis cervical cancer cerebral vasoconstriction cervical cap cerebral vasodilation cervical carcinoma cerebral veins cervical cells cerebral venous blood cervical dilatation cerebral venous sinus thrombosis cervical enlargement cerebral ventricles cervical esophagus cerebral ventricular system cervical fascia cerebral vessels cervical glands cerebritis cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cerebrocerebellum cervical lymphadenitis cerebrosides cervical lymphadenopathy cerebrospinal fluid cervical mucus cerebrospinal fluid sediment cervical nerves cerebrospinal fluid shunt cervical pleura cerebrospinal infection cervical plexus cerebrovascular cervical portion of the spinal cord cerebrovascular accident cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk cerebrovascular disease cervical region cerebrovascular disorder cervical rib cerebrovascular infarction cervical secretions 121 cervical segment cervical segment Cetartiodactyla cervical sinus tracts cetylpyridinium chloride cervical somatic plexus CFA cervical spinal cord CFCs cervical spinal cord injury CFP-10 cervical spinal nerve CFS cervical sympathetic ganglia CFTR channel cervical vertebrae CFUs cervical vessels cGMP cervical viscera cGMP-dependent kinase cervicitis cGMP-regulated ion channels cervicofacial CGRP cervicofacial actinomycosis CH2O cervicothoracic ganglion CH2O cervicovaginal CH4N2O Cervidae chaetae cervix Chagas disease cervix of the uterus chagoma Cervus elaphus chain cesarean section cesium chloride gradient chain complex . chain end . chain genes cessation chain of amino acids Cestodes chain of infection Cestoda chain reaction cestode infections chain receptor cetaceans, Cetacea chain segment cetacean chain separation cesium chloride 122 chain termination chain termination changes in the conformation chain termination method changes in voltage chain termination method of DNA sequencing changing changing environmental conditions chain terminators changing ratios chain-forming channel chain-like molecules channel modification chain-smokers channel of a river challenge channel proteins chamber channelopathy chamber enlargement channichthyids chambered nautiluses Channichthyidae icefishes chancre Channichthyidae chancre of syphilis chaparral chancroid chaperone change chaperone proteins change color chaperones changed state chaperonin changes in allele frequencies chaperonin protein complex changes in blood sugar concentration character changes in body awareness character displacement changes in climate character evolution changes in complexity character state changes in external structure character value changes in gene expression characteristic changes in ocean circulation patterns characterize changes in precipitation patterns characterized by changes in rates of allometric growth Chargaff’s rules 123 charge charge Cheliceriforms charge dipoles Cheliceriformes charge separation chelicerates charge-charge interactions Chelicerata charged chelipeds charged groups chemical activity charged tRNA chemical agents charged tRNAs chemical attractant charge-dipole interactions chemical behavior charge-pair interactions chemical bonding charophytes, charophyte algae chemical bonds charred chemical building blocks chase-away selection chemical composition chase-away sexual selection chemical compound check ligaments chemical concentration gradient checkerboard distribution chemical contamination checkerboard titration technique chemical control of respiration checkpoint chemical cues checkpoint signals chemical cycling Chédiak-Higashi syndrome chemical digestion cheek muscles chemical disinfectants cheek teeth chemical elements cheekbone chemical energy cheese worker's lung chemical equation CHEF chemical equilibrium chelate chemical equivalence chelating agents chemical events chelicerae chemical evidence 124 chemical evolution chemical evolution chemical signals chemical exchange chemical stimulus chemical fixation chemical symbol chemical functionality chemical traffic chemical gradient chemical transaction chemical group chemical treatment chemical imbalances chemically chemical laws chemically activated ion channels chemical luminescence chemically analyzed chemical materials chemically combined chemical mediators chemically reactive chemical messenger chemically unreactive chemical modification chemicals chemical mutagens chemical-staining techniques chemical nutrients chemiosmosis chemical pathways chemiosmotic chemical perception chemiosmotic model chemical pesticides chemiosmotic process chemical reaction sequence chemistry chemical reactions chemistry laboratory chemical reactivity chemoattractant chemical receptor chemoattractant cytokines chemical recycling chemoattraction of the sperm chemical senses chemoautotrophic chemical sensors chemoautotrophy chemical signaling chemoheterotrophic chemical signaling pathways chemoheterotrophs chemical signals chemoheterotrophy 125 chemokine receptors chemokine receptors chemotherapeutic approach chemokine system chemotherapy chemokines chemotherapy catheter chemo-organotrophic chemotherapy regimen chemoorganotrophs chemotrophs chemo-organotrophs chenodeoxycholic acid chemoprophylactic drugs Chenopodiaceae chemoprophylactic measures chest chemoprophylactic regimen chest pain chemoprophylactic treatment chest radiograph chemoprophylaxis chest radiography chemoreception chest surface chemoreceptor chest trauma chemoreceptor afferents chest wall chemoreceptor trigger zone chestnut blight chemosensitive chew chemosensory chewed chemosynthetic chewing insects chemosynthetic autotroph chemotactic chewing mouthparts chewing tobacco chemotactic activities chiasma chemotactic components C3a and C5a chemotactic effect chiasmata chiasmatic sulcus chemotactic factors chick chemotactic migration chick embryo chemotaxis chickadees chemotaxis proteins chicken embryo cells chemotherapeutic agents chicken pox 126 chickenlike birds chickenlike birds chi-squared test chief cells chitin chigger mite chitinized chiggers chitinous chigoe flea chitinous exoskeleton Chikungunya virus chitons childbearing age chlamydia childbearing women chlamydiae childbirth chlamydial childhood chlamydial inclusion bodies childlike chlamydial infection children chlamydial urethral infection chill chlamydial viability chills chlamydias Chilopoda chloramines chimaeras chloramphenicol chimeric chloramphenicol acetyl transferase chimerism chloramphenicol acetylation chin Chlorarachniophyta chinch bug chlorarachniophytes chinese liver fluke chlorhexidine chipped chloride chiral chloride cells Chironex fleckeri chloride ions chiropractor chloride ions Chiroptera chloride shift chisel-like incisors chloride transport channels chisel-shaped chlorinated lime 127 chlorination chlorination choanoflagellates chlorine Choanoflagellata chlorofluorocarbons choanoflagellate chloroform choanoflagellate-like chlorophyll chocolate agar chlorophyll-binding proteins chocolatized agar chlorophytes cholangiogram Chlorophyta cholangiopathy chloroplast cholangitis chloroplast diversity cholecalciferol chloroplast DNA cholecystectomy chloroplast DNA markers cholecystitis chloroplast engineering cholecystokinin chloroplast genome cholecystokinin-pancreozymin chloroplast membranes cholera toxin chloroplast microsatellite loci cholera toxin A chloroplast pigments cholera toxin B chloroplast ribosomes cholera toxin element chloroplast sequence choleralike chloroplast stroma choleretics chloroplasts cholestasis chloroquine cholesterol chlororespiration cholesterol crystals chlorosis cholesterol desmolase choanae cholesterol ester hydrolase choanal atresia cholesterol esters choanal stenosis cholesterol regulation choanocytes cholesterol stones 128 cholesterol transport molecules cholesterol transport molecules chorea cholesteryl esters choreiform movements cholestyramine choreoathetoid cerebral palsy cholic acid chorioamnionitis choline choriocapillaris choline acetyltransferase chorion choline esters chorionic plate cholinergic chorionic villi cholinergic endings chorionic villus sampling cholinergic nerve endings chorionic villus sampling technique cholinergic nerves chorioretinitis cholinergic neurons choroid cholinergic sympathetic vasodilation choroid coat cholinergic vagal cardiac fibers choroid epithelium cholinesterase choroid layer chondrichthyans choroid plexus Chondrichtyes choroid plexus papilloma chondrite choroidal detachment chondrocytes choroidal vessels chondrogenesis choroidea chondroitin sulfate chromaffin cells chondroitin sulfuric acid CHROMagar choosiness chromalveolates chorda tympani Chromalveolata chordae tendineae chromatic chordate chromatid chordates chromatin Chordata chromatin condensation 129 chromatin configuration chromatin configuration chromophore chromoplasts chromatin conformations chromosomal chromatin fiber chromosomal aberrations chromatin granula chromosomal abnormalities chromatin mass chromosomal alterations chromatin positive chromosomal arrangement chromatin proteins chromosomal blocks chromatographic methods chromosomal breakage chromatographic purification chromosomal breakage point chromatography chromosomal changes chromatoidal bars chromosomal damage chromatolysis chromosomal deletion chromatosome chromosomal disorders chromidial bodies chromosomal DNA Chromista chromosomal ends chromium chromosomal features chromium release assay chromosomal fragments chromoblastomycosis chromosomal genes chromodomains chromosomal heterozygotes chromogenic chromosomal incompatibility chromogranin chromosomal integrity chromo-helicase-DNA-binding gene chromosomal location chromomycosis chromosomal locus chromophilic cells chromosomal loops chromophils chromosomal markers chromophobes chromosomal material chromophobic cells chromosomal origins 130 chromosomal packing chromosomal packing chromosome duplication chromosomal pattern chromosome ends chromosomal position chromosome frequencies chromosomal promoter chromosome fusion chromosomal rearrangements chromosome interval chromosomal region chromosome inversions chromosomal segments chromosome jumping chromosomal sequences chromosome library chromosomal site chromosome material chromosomal translocation chromosome movements chromosomal virulence genes chromosome number chromosomally chromosome organization chromosomally distinct chromosome packing chromosome chromosome pair chromosome abnormalities chromosome pairing chromosome analysis chromosome partitioning chromosome arm chromosome rearrangements chromosome arrangement chromosome regions chromosome behavior chromosome replication chromosome breakage chromosome scaffold chromosome breaks chromosome segments chromosome complement chromosome separation chromosome components chromosome set chromosome composition chromosome site chromosome condensation chromosome structure chromosome configuration chromosome theory of inheritance chromosome data chromosome types chromosome differences chromosome walk 131 chromosome walking chromosome walking chrysanthemum chromosome-level changes Chrysophyceae chromosome-sized Chrysophyta chromosome-staining procedure chunk chromotrope-based staining technique churning chromotropic churning of the stomach chronic Chvostek's sign chronic aggressive hepatitis chyle chronic bronchitis chyle cistern chronic carriers chylomicron remnants chronic drinkers chylomicrons chronic granulomatous disease chylothorax chronic hemolytic anemia chylous urine chronic immunopathological response chronic joint osteoarthritis chyluria chyme chronic leg ischemia chymotrypsin chronic obstructive pulmonary disease chymotrypsinogen chronic persistent hepatitis chytridiomycetes chronic rejection chytrids chronic renal disease Chytridiomycota chronic stress cicada chronic ulcer Cicadellidae chronic wasting disease cichlids, chronically cichlid fishes chronicity Cichlidae chronospecies cilastatin chronotropic action cilia chronotropic effect cilia-propelled elevator of mucus 132 ciliary ciliary cingulate sulcus ciliary action Ciona intestinalis ciliary arteries Cip/Kip proteins ciliary beating ciprofloxacin ciliary body circadian ciliary function circadian control ciliary ganglion circadian regulation ciliary muscle circadian rhythm ciliary neurotropic factor circannual rhythm ciliary processes circhoral ciliate circhoral secretion ciliate locomotion circle ciliated circle of Willis ciliated columnar epithelium circuit ciliated epithelial cells circuitry ciliated epithelium circuits of neurons ciliated protists circular ciliated protozoa circular ciliated protozoans circular chromosome ciliated respiratory cells circular flow of cytoplasm ciliates circular muscle Ciliophora circular pattern ciliostasis circular RF cilium circular superior surface cinchona alkaloids circularization cinder circularize cingulate cortex circularized cingulate gyrus circularized by ligation 133 circularly circularly circumflex scapular artery circulate circumpolar vortex circulating circumscribed circulating blood cortisol level circumvallate papillae circulating in the blood circumventricular organs circulating tissues circus activity circulating virus count circus movement circulation cirrhosis circulation of the atmosphere cirrhosis of the liver circulation time cirri circulatory Cirripedia circulatory anomalies cis circulatory collapse cis arrangement circulatory diseases cis face circulatory disturbances cis isomer circulatory fluid cis regulation circulatory insufficiency cis-regulatory divergence circulatory organs cis-regulatory elements circulatory shock cis-retinal circulatory structures cistern circulatory system cisterna chyli circumarctic cisternae circumduction cisternal circumference cisternal space circumferential depression cistron circumflex cistron region circumflex branch citrate circumflex fibular artery citric acid 134 citrulline citrulline clasp-knife effect city sewage class civets class I MHC genes CJD class I MHC molecules Cl class II MHC genes CL class II MHC molecules Cl- class III MHC genes Cl– channels class II-inhibiting protein CL lesions class of antibodies clade class of proteins cladinose class switching cladist classic bacteria cladistic classic cell nucleus cladistic analysis classic complement activation cladistic approach classic conditioning cladistics classic infant diarrhea cladogenesis classic penicillins cladogram classical Cladonia rangiferina classical complement cascade clamlike shells classification clamp classification group clamp around the DNA classification scheme clamp loading classification system clap clathrin clarification clathrin-mediated endocytosis clarithromycin Claviceps purpurea clarity Clavicipitaceae clasper clavicle 135 clavicular clavicular clearing factor clavicular fracture cleavage clavicular head cleavage division clavicular notch of the manubrium of sternum cleavage furrow cleavage pattern clavipectoral fascia cleavage pattern clavipectoral triangle cleavage positions claw cleavage positions claw-bearing cleavage products clawed cleavage site clawing of the hand cleave clawlike cleave off claws cleave out clay cleaved clay pipestem fibrosis cleaved off clayey soil cleaving cleaning effect cleaving process clear cleft clear fluid aspiration cleft lip clearance cleft of the ribosome clearance mechanisms in the respiratory tree cleft palate clearance of osmoles clefts clearance of para-aminohippuric acid cleidocranial dysplasia clearance receptor Clements's organismic model clear-cut climate clear-cut logging climate change cleared climate patterns clearing climate variability 136 climate warming climate warming climate-induced clinical disease clinical etiology climatic oscillations clinical evidence climatic warming clinical examination climatic zone clinical geneticist climatically similar clinical isolate climatologist clinical latency climatology clinical management climax community clinical manifestations climax of sexual excitement clinical monitoring climbing clinical parameters climbing fibers clinical picture climbing plants clinical presentation climograph clinical resistance clinal differences clinical strains clinal pattern clinical symptoms clinal variation clinical syndrome clindamycin clinical tool cline clinical trials cling clinical trials clinical assistance clinically clinical characteristics clinically important compounds clinical chemistry clinically inapparent clinical columns clinically insignificant clinical course clinically manifest clinical diagnosis clinically normal clinical diagnostics clinically relevant clinical disciplines clinically silent 137 clinician clinician clonal reproduction clinoid process clonal selection clip clonality CLIP clonally CLIP fragment clone clip off cloned clitellum cloned insert clitoral artery cloned into plasmids clitoral crura cloned plasmid DNA clitoral hood clonic twitching clitoral prepuce cloning clitoris cloning clivus cloning and expression vectors CLM cloning artifacts cloaca cloning experiments cloacal membrane cloning methods cloacal region cloning procedure cloacal septum cloning process cloaked cloning research clock mutants cloning scheme clock proteins cloning site clofazimine cloning vector clog clonorchiasis clogged clonorchiosis clonal clonus clonal analysis Cloquet's canal clonal expansion close clonal inheritance close association 138 close contact close contact Clostridium tetani close correspondence closure close examination clot close patient monitoring clot formation close relatedness clot lysis close relationship clot proteins closed canopy clot retraction closed circulatory system clot-lysing closed complex clot-promoting factor closed system clotted blood closed-chest cardiac massage clotting closed-chest cardiac resuscitation clotting abnormalities closed-circular clotting cascade closed-circular clotting enzymes closed-circular DNA clotting factor closefitting clotting factor VIII closely clotting factor VIII preparation closely spaced clotting factors from pooled blood closer relatives clotting mechanism closing volume clotting process clostridia cloud cover clostridial cellulitis clouded cornea clostridial disease clouding clostridial infections clouding of the state of consciousness clostridial lipase cloudy clostridial myonecrosis cloverleaf structure Clostridium botulinum cloxacillin Clostridium perfringens club drug 139 club form club form CMV club fungi CNG channels club mosses cnidae club shape cnidarians, Cnidaria clubbing cnidocil clubfoot cnidocyte club-shaped CNP clue cells CNS clump CNS cryptococcosis clumps CNS damage clump together CNS infections clumped CNS stimulation clumped dispersion CNTF clumped dispersion pattern CNV clumped distribution Co clumped pattern of dispersion CO clumping CO clumping factor CO2 narcosis clumping factor test coadapted cluster co-adapted gene complex cluster of differentiation coagglutination cluster of differentiation coagglutination method cluster of male oak flowers coagulant clustered coagulase-negative cluster-forming coagulase-negative staphylococci clutch coagulase-positive clutch size coagulated CMS factor coagulation 140 coagulation defect coagulation defect coastline coagulation screen coat coagulation system coat color coagulative coat of armor coal tar coat of feathers coalesce coat of hair coalesce back coat proteins coalescence coated coalescent coated pits coalescent events coating coalescent theory coat-of-mail shells coarctation of the aorta coaxial stacking of stems coarctation of the thoracic aorta coaxially stacked coarse cob coarse crackles cobalt coarse sand cobweb-like coast redwood cocarcinogens coastal Cocci coastal areas cocci bacteria coastal climate coccidian coastal development coccidian parasites coastal fog coccidians coastal marshes coccidioidin skin test coastal mudflats coccidioidomycoses coastal strip coccidioidomycosis coastal waters coccidiosis coastal wetlands coccinellids coastal zone Coccinellidae 141 coccinellid beetles coccinellid beetles cockroaches coccobacilli cocksackieviruses coccobacillus cocoon coccoid code coccoid cells coded coccoid form coded template coccolithophorids codeine coccus coding coccygeal nerve coding sequences for tRNAs coccygeal plexus coding capacity coccygeal somatic plexus coding orientations coccygeal vertebrae coding portion of genomes coccygeus muscle coding region coccyx coding region diversity cochlea coding regions of the message cochlea of the inner ear coding segment cochlear coding sequence cochlear canaliculus coding strand cochlear duct coding triplet cochlear fluid codiversify cochlear nerve codling moth cochlear nuclei codominance cochlear promontory codominant cock codominant alleles Cockayne syndrome co-dominant data cocked co-dominant genes cocking co-dominant markers cocklebur codon 142 codon AUG codon AUG coevolutionary codon bias coevolutionary selection codon position coevolve codon reading frame coexist codon recognition coexistence codon sequence coexisting codon UGA co-expressed genes codon-anticodon interaction cofactor codon-anticodon pair coffee-bean-shaped coefficient cognate coefficient of relatedness cognition coefficient of relationship cognitive coefficient of selection cognitive abilities coefficient of temperature cognitive abnormalities coelacanths cognitive decline coelom cognitive disorder coelomates, coelomate animals cognitive function coelomic cavity cognitive impairment coelomic epithelium cognitive map coelomic fluid cognitive process coeloptyle cognitively coenocyte cogwheel rigidity coenocytic cohabit coenocytic condition COHb coenocytic fungi cohesin coenzyme cohesion coenzyme Q10 cohesion mechanism coevolution cohesion species concept 143 cohesive cohesive cold receptors cohesive behavior cold sores cohesive cos ends cold stress cohesive ends cold temperature cohesive force cold virus cohesive sites cold-adapted cohesively cold-blooded cohesiveness cold-climate coho salmon coldlike symptoms cohort cold-resistant coil cold-sensitive coiled cold-type disease coiled-coil structure coleoptile coiling coleorhiza coiling of uterus coleus coin lesion colewort coincide colic coincident colicky flank pain coinfected colicky pain coinfection colinear coitus colinearity colchicine colinearly cold colipase cold agglutinins colistin cold and menthol sensitive receptor colistin-nalidixic agar cold enrichment colitis cold exposure collagen cold precipitable protein collagen bundles 144 collagen fibers collagen fibers collecting tubule collagen tissue fibers collecting venules collagenase collection collagenous collective behavior collagenous capsule collective population collagenous fibers collective strength collagen-producing cells Collembola collagen-vascular diseases collembolan collapse collembolans collapsed collenchyma collapsed lung collenchyma cells collapsing pulse collenchyma tissue collar collenchyma walls collar cells Colles' fascia collar of microvilli Colles' fracture collarbone colliculospinal tract collard greens collide collared collision collateral colloblasts collateral blood supply colloid cyst collateral circulation colloids collateral ganglia colobomas collateral ligament colobus monkeys collateral vessels coloenteritis collect colon collectin colon adenocarcinoma collecting ducts colon bacilli collecting lymphatics colon bacteria 145 colon cancer colon cancer color blindness colon mucosa color changes colonial color interpretation colonial morphology color pattern colonic color perception colonic bacteria color reaction colonic epithelial damage color signal colonic mucosa color vision colonic stent Colorado tick fever colonist Colorado tick fever virus colonization colorants colonization factor adhesins coloration colonization factors coloration patterns colonization resistance color-blind colonization route colorectal cancer colonize colorectal tumor colonizer colored colonizing factor antigen colored fluorescent dyes colonizing factors colored pigments colonizing species color-enhanced colony colorimetric colony colorimetrically colony blot technique coloring colony counting method colorized colony-forming units colorless molds colony-stimulating factors coloscopy color colostomy color blindness colostral milk 146 colostrum colostrum combinatorial coltiviruses combine colubrid snakes combine chemically Colubridae combine reversibly Columbidae combined preparations columnar combined ventricular hypertrophy columnar cells combined with columnar epithelial cells combining columnar epithelium comblike columns combustion columns of the vagina come apart coma come down with comatose come together comatose state comedones Comatulida co-migrating comb comma-less comb jellies commandeer combat Commelinales combination , combination of bases commensal combination of protein gradients commensal population combination of variant genes commensal symbionts combination test commensalism combination therapy commensalist combination treatment commensals combination vaccine commercial harvest combinations of exons commercial logging combinations of medications commissures 147 commensal interactions commit commit common hornwort commitments common iliac arteries committed common iliac veins common common iliac vessels common ancestor common interosseous artery common ancestral common ivy common ancestry common liver fluke common ancestry of life common liverwort common antigen common name common bile duct common peroneal nerve common blowfly common reed common cap common ring tendon common carotid arteries common set of units common carotid artery common sheath common chickweed common sheep tick common cold common stem cell type common cold infection common synovial cavity common cold viruses common tendinous ring common coldlike symptoms communicable common descent communicate common earthworm communicating junctions common evolutionary origin communication common fibular nerve communication among cells common fimbriae communication line common foxglove community common garden community biodiversity common hepatic artery community complexity common hepatic duct community composition 148 community convergence community convergence comparative embryological community diversity comparative embryology community dynamics comparative genomic data community ecologist comparative genomic microarray community ecology comparative genomics community functioning comparative method community hospital comparative modeling community interactions comparative molecular data community level comparative morphology community resilience to disturbances comparative phylogenetic studies community stability comparative sequence analysis community structure comparative studies community-acquired infection comparison community-level convergence compartment co-model compartmental organization compact compartmental structure compact bone compartmentalization compacted compartmentalized compacting compartmentalizing compaction compass sense compactly compatibility compactness compatibility matrices companion cell compatible companion veins compensate comparative anatomy compensate for the deletion comparative biology compensation comparative DNA and RNA sequences compensatory comparative DNA sequence data compensatory mechanism 149 compensatory pause compensatory pause complain compete complaints competence complaints of pain competence of the immune response complement competent complement activation competent bacteria complement components competent cells complement components C3a and C5a competing complement consumption competing for mates complement control proteins competing reactions complement deficiency competition complement factors competition assay complement fixation competition for mates complement fixation test competitive complement inactivation competitive ability complement of chromosomes competitive conditions complement pathways competitive displacement complement proteins competitive edge complement receptor competitive exclusion complement resistance competitive exclusion principle complement system competitive inhibition complementarity competitive inhibition test complementarity determining regions competitive inhibitor complementary competitive interactions complementary base pairing competitive replacement complementary binding sequence competitive superiority complementary codon on mRNA competitively complementary DNA competitor complementary DNA library 150 complementary effects complementary effects complete tetanus complementary sequence completed complementary shape completely dominant complementary strand completely histocompatible siblings complementary triplet completely homozygous complementation completely insensitive complement-binding antibodies completely replicated DNA complement-binding reaction complex complement-dependent phagocytosis complex carbohydrates complement-fixing antigen complex DNA-binding factors complement-mediated killing complex epistasis complete complex molecules complete blood count complex organic molecules complete cleavage complex pathway of development complete competitors complex pathways of signaling molecules complete digestive system complex patterns of development complete digestive tract complex polysaccharides complete dominance complex protein secretion system complete flowers complex retrovirus complete fossils complex structural patterns complete genome complex symmetry complete growth medium complex system complete lethality complex tissues complete medium complex viruses complete muscle tear complex with complete network of blood vessels complexed complete proteins complexed with complete situs inversus complicated 151 complications complications compound ovary component compound pistil component bones compress component subunits compressed components of fitness compression components of the complement system and TNFs compression of the nerves compressor naris muscle components of the growth control cascade compressor urethrae muscle components of the regulatory mechanism compromise Compositae compromise composite compromised composite body compromised cellular immunity composite DNA sample compromised immune defenses composite family compromised immune system composite gene compromised immunity composite image compulsive composite sample compulsive drug use composite transposons computed tomogram composition computed tomography scan composition of the biota computed tomography-myelography composition of the codon computer tomography compost computer-imaging method compound compound action potential computerized three-dimensional reconstruction compound eyes Con A compound fracture concanavalin A compound leaves concatamer compound microscope concatameric 152 concave concave concordantly concave at both ends concurrent concavity concurrent exchange concealed exsanguination concurrent flow concealed genetic variation concurrent with concentrate concurrently concentrated concurrently with concentrating ability concussion concentration condensation concentration gradient condensation reaction concentration level condense concentration method condensed concentric condenser concentric circle condenser lens concentric rings condition Concentricycloidea condition conception conditional mutation concerted evolution conditioned concha of auricle conditioned reflexes concha of ear conditioned stimulus concomitant conducive concomitant immunity conduct concordance conductance concordance rate conducting concordant conducting airways concordant dines conducting cells concordant regional phylogeographical patterns conducting tissue conduction 153 conduction aphasia conduction aphasia cone scale conduction cells cone snail conduction deafness cone-bearing conifers conduction of nerve impulses conelike conduction of urine out of the body cones conduction pathway confer conduction speed confidence interval conduction system configuration conduction time confirmatory testing conduction velocity confirmed diagnosis conduit confirming factor condylar canal conflicting genes condylar fossa conflicting selection condylar fracture conflicting selection pressures condylar joints conflicts between genes within the genome condylar process confluence of sinuses condylar synovial joints confluent condylarths, Condylarthra condyle confocal condyloma confocal microscopy condyloma acuminatum conform condylomata acuminata conformation condylomata lata conformational cone conformational change cone cells conformational epitope cone clusters conformational variability cone of light conformer cone photoreceptors confront 154 confocal laser scanning microscope confusion confusion conidium congeneric conifer species congenital conifer woods congenital absence conifers, Coniferophyta congenital adrenal hyperplasia coniferous forest congenital anomalies conjoined twins congenital bleeding conjoint synapses congenital deficiency conjoint tendon congenital deformities conjugal bridge congenital heart defects conjugate congenital hypoplastic anemia conjugate vaccine congenital immunodeficiency conjugated congenital recessive condition conjugated proteins congenital viral infection conjugation congenitally conjugation bridge congested conjugation pili congested lungs conjugation process congestion conjugation system congestive failure conjugative congestive heart failure conjugative elements conglomerates conjugative plasmids congregate conjugative resistance congregation conjugative structures congruence conjugative transposons congruent with conjunctiva conical conjunctival conidia conjunctival cells conidiophores conjunctival epithelium 155 conjunctival fluid conjunctival fluid conodonts conjunctival lavage conoid conjunctival sac conoid ligament conjunctival secretion conoid tubercle conjunctival smears consanguineous conjunctival stroma consanguineous marriages conjunctival suffusion consanguineous mating conjunctival vascular network consanguinity conjunctivitis conscious areas of the brain connatal infection conscious state connatal listeriosis consciously connect consecutive connected consecutively connected at joints by ligaments consensus connecting peptide consensus DNA-binding motif connection consensus elements connective tissue consensus promoter sequence connective tissue attachments consensus promoters connective tissue capsule consensus sequence connective tissue cells consensus tree connective tissue fibers conservation connective tissue membrane conservation approach connective tissue raphe conservation biologist connectivity conservation biology connector neurons conservation ecologist connexin cylinders conservation efforts connexins conservation genetics connexons conservation management 156 conservation manager conservation manager conspecific populations conservation organizations conspecific sequences conservation practices conspecific sperm precedence conservation program conspicuous conservation programme constancy conservation strategies constancy of phenotype conservation strategy constant conservation tactics constant body temperature conservation units constant domain conservationist constant elements of the immunoglobulins conservative characters constant pH conservative model of replication constant rate of increase conservative process constant region conserve constant segment conserved constantly conserved domain architecture constipation conserved hexamer sequence constituent conserved machinery constitutional conserved region constitutional aplastic anemia consistency constitutional delayed growth consistent constitutional symptoms consistent selection constitutive consistently constitutive chemokines consititutive resistance constitutive endocytosis consolidate constitutive genes consolidation constitutive pathway conspecific constitutive secretion conspecific brood parasitism constitutive transcription factor 157 constitutively constitutively contact lens rinsing liquid constitutively active contact lens washing fluid constitutively expressed genes contact persons constrain contact precautions constrained contact site constraints contact surfaces constraints on evolution contact zone constrict contact-dependent T cell help constricted contact-mediated T help constricted pods contagion constricted region contagion period constriction contagious constrictor muscle of the pupil contagious period construct containment construct containment response construction contaminant consume contaminants consumed contaminate consumer contaminated consumers contaminated consumption contamination consumption contemporary factors consumption coagulopathy content consumption overpopulation contest consumption rate contest competition consumptive coagulopathy contiguous contact contiguous sequence contact dermatitis continental 158 continental coasts continental coasts continuum continental drift continuum of life continental glacier contort continental interior contorted state continental movement contour clamped homogeneous electric field continental plates contour feathers continental shelves contour lines contingent on contour tillage continually contraceptive diaphragm continuation contraceptive method continued contraceptive patches continuity of life contract continuous contractile continuous ambulant peritoneal dialysis contractile activity continuous circuit of blood vessels contractile apparatus continuous coding sequence contractile cells continuous conduction contractile mechanism continuous motion of water contractile muscle fibers continuous murmurs contractile proteins continuous musical hum contractile response continuous run contractile ring continuous throughout contractile root continuous tooth replacement contractile unit of the muscle continuous variation contractile vacuole continuous variation contractility continuous variation in phenotypes contraction continuously contraction phase continuously varying traits contraction rhythm 159 contraction speed contraction speed control plot contractions of microfilaments control point contractions of the body wall muscles control processes contracture control proteins contraindicated control region contraindication control sequences contralateral control site contralaterally to control strategies contrast control subject contrast material control system contrast-enhanced computed tomography controllable contrasting dye controlled contrasting stain controlled burning contrecoup injury controlled burns contribute controlled experiment contribute equally controlled laboratory studies contributing factor controlled mating contributory factor conus control conus arteriosus control and experimental condition conus medullaris control area convalescent control center convalescent patient control element convalescent period control experiment convalescent phase control genes convalescent serum control group convalescent serum sample control measures convalescent stage control mechanism convalescing patients 160 convection convection cooling trade winds conventional Coombs' test conventional kinesin Coombs testing converge cooperate convergence cooperation convergent cooperative convergent circuit cooperative action convergent evolution cooperative behavior convergent extension cooperative binding convergent morphologies cooperative breeding converging signals cooperative foraging conversion cooperative group conversion event cooperative interaction convert cooperative interactions converted cooperative liaisons convertible cooperatively convex cooperativity convey Cooper's ligament conveyor belt co-opted convoluted co-option convolutions coordinate convulsions coordinate control convulsive seizures coordinate gene expression co-occur coordinate system cool coordinated cooling co-ordinately cooling effects of air coordinately controlled cooling time coordinating center 161 coordination coordination cor pulmonale coordination problems coracidium COPD coraco-acromial ligament copepods coracobrachialis Copepoda coracobrachialis muscle Cope's rule coracoclavicular ligament copolymer coracohumeral ligament copper coracoid process of the scapula copper sulphate coral atoll co-precipitating reagents coral bleaching coproantigen coral colonies coprologic studies coral polyps coprophagy coral reef fish coproscopic diagnosis coral reef system coproscopic methods coral reefs copulate coral reefs and atolls copulation coral skeletons copulatory behavioral isolation coral snake copulatory organ coralline algae copulatory plug corals copulatory position cord copy cord blood copy number cord blood-derived mast cells copy number variation cord factor copy-and-paste mechanism cord of umbilical artery copying cordgrass copying of DNA cord-like CoQ core 162 core angiosperms core angiosperms corn core antigens corn borer core binding site corn dog grass core body temperature corn rootworm beetle core enzyme corn smut core enzyme complexes cornea core histones corneal endothelium core of the protein corneal epithelium core of the tree corneal keratocytes core particles corneal limbus core peptide backbone atoms corneal reflex core polysaccharide corneal scarring core protein corneal scrapings core region corneal stroma core RNA polymerase enzyme corneal swab core temperature corneal tear coreceptors corneal thickness corepressor corneal transplants corepressor levels corneal ulcers corepressor proteins corneoscleral junction Coriolis effect corneoscleral meshwork Corixidae corners of the mouth cork corniculate cartilage cork cambium cornified cork cells cornstarch cork parenchyma cells cornu corkscrew motility cornua corm corolla 163 corolla tube corolla tube coronary vasoconstriction corollae coronary vasodilation corona of glans penis coronary vessels corona radiata coronavirus coronal plane coronoid fossa coronal suture coronoid process coronal view corpora allata coronary corpora cardiaca coronary angiography corpora cavernosa coronary angioplasty corpus coronary artery corpus albicans coronary artery disease corpus allatum coronary blood flow corpus callosum coronary blood vessels corpus cardiacum coronary bypass surgery corpus cavernosum coronary care unit corpus cavernosum penis coronary chemoreflex corpus hemorrhagicum coronary circulation corpus luteum coronary flow corpus luteum of pregnancy coronary groove corpus spongiosum coronary heart disease corpus striatum coronary ligaments corpuscular coronary lymphatics correct coronary perfusion correct base pair coronary perfusion pressure correct mRNA coronary sinus correct positive coronary sulcus correlated selection coronary vasculature correlated variation 164 correlation correlation cortical microtubules correlational selection cortical motor areas correspond cortical nephrons correspond to cortical neurons correspondence cortical parenchyma cells corresponding sequences cortical plasticity corridor cortical reaction Corrigan pulse cortical receiving areas corrosive cortical representation corrugator supercilii muscle cortical rotation cortex cortically evoked movements cortex cells cortices cortex of the ovary corticobulbar system cortical corticobulbar tract cortical alpha rhythm corticoliberin cortical areas corticonuclear tract cortical association areas corticospinal cortical bone corticospinal pathways cortical cell membranes corticospinal system cortical cells corticospinal tracts cortical dipoles corticosteroid products cortical function corticosteroid-binding globulin cortical granule fusion corticosterone cortical granules corticostriate projection cortical inhibitory center corticotropes cortical lesions corticotrophs cortical level corticotropin cortical microfilaments corticotropin-releasing factor 165 corticotropin-releasing hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone costal portion cortisol costal process corvids costal surface corynebacteria costiform process Corynebacterium diphtheriae costimulation coryneform bacteria costimulators coryneform rods costimulatory molecules corynephage beta costimulatory signal coryza costocervical trunk coryza of measles costoclavicular ligament cos ends costodiaphragmatic recess cos sites costomediastinal recesses cosexual costotransverse joint Cosm costotransverse ligament cosmic radiation costovertebral angle cosmic rays costovertebral joints cosmid cloning vectors cotranslational cosmid vector cotransmitters cosmids cotransport cosmopolitan cotransport system cospeciation cotransporter cost of sex cotrimoxazole costal angle cotton swab costal cartilage cottony costal cartilage of rib II cotyledon costal groove cotylosaurs costal margin cough costal pleura cough out 166 cough reflex cough reflex counterregulatory cough syncope counterselection cough up counterstain cough with sputum counterstained coughing countertransport Couinaud's segments couple coula nut coupled count -coupled counter coupled to counteract coupled reactions counteradaptation coupled speciation counterbalance coupling countercurrent blood flow coupling reaction countercurrent electrophoresis course countercurrent exchange course of normal descent countercurrent exchange mechanism course of treatment countercurrent exchange system court countercurrent exchanger courting male countercurrent flow courtship countercurrent heat exchange courtship behavior countercurrent heat exchanger courtship calls countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis courtship display countercurrent mechanism courtship pattern countercurrent multiplier courtship patterns countercurrent system courtship ritual countercurrent-like courtship signals counterflow of fluid courtship song countergradient variation courtship sounds 167 covalent covalent cpDNA covalent arrangement CPE covalent bonding CpG islands covalent bonds CpG methylation covalent compatibility CpG sites covalent compound CPH covalent cross-linkages CPR covalent electrons Cr covalent linkage CR covalent linking CR covalent reactions crab lice covalently crab louse covalently attached crab spider covalently bonded crabgrass covalently closed circular DNA crack covalently linked cracking covered crackles covering cramps coverslip cranial coverslip native preparation cranial bones Cowdry type A cranial capacity Cowdry type A nuclear inclusions cranial cavity Cowper's glands cranial dura mater cowpox cranial enlargement cowpox virus cranial meninges Coxiellae cranial nerve ganglia coxsackie viruses cranial nerve I coypu cranial nerve nuclei 168 cranial nerve VIII cranial nerve VIII creatine cranial nerves creatine phosphate cranial root of the accessory nerve creatine phosphokinase cranial roots creatinine index cranial shape creatinuria cranial vault creation science cranial venous sinuses creationism craniates, Craniata creationist craniocervical creature craniofacial CREB craniofacial morphology creep craniofacial skeleton creeping eruption craniopharyngioma cremaster muscle craniosynostosis cremasteric artery cranium cremasteric fascia cranium cremasteric reflex crash cremasteric vein Crassulaceae crenarchaeotes crassulacean acid metabolism creosote bush crassulacean acid metabolism crepitus Crataegus mollis crepuscular crater crescentic craterlike crescent-shaped crawl crest of the ilium C-reactive protein crest of the sublingual fold cream crested newt creamy Cretaceous crease Cretaceous period 169 Cretaceous rocks Cretaceous rocks cristae of mitochondria cretinism critical Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease critical analysis crevice critical aortic stenosis cri du chat syndrome critical body weight cribriform plate critical closing pressure cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone critical factor Crick's central dogma critical habitat cricoarytenoid articulation critical level cricoarytenoid joint critical limb ischemia cricoid cartilage critical micelle concentration cricopharyngeus muscle critical or sensitive periods cricothyroid critical period cricothyroid joints critical velocity cricothyroid ligament critically endangered cricothyroid membrane CRO cricothyroid muscle croak cricotracheal ligament crocodile icefish cricovocal membrane crocodiles Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus crocodilians crimson border of the lip Crohn's disease crinoids, Crinoidea Cro-Magnon crippling crop crista crop diseases crista ampullaris crop failure crista galli crop loss crista terminalis crop pests cristae crop plants 170 crop rotation crop rotation cross-immunity crop science cross-infection crop science crossing crop yield crossing over crop-damaging floods cross-link cropland cross-linkage crops cross-linked crops of lesions cross-linking crop's water supply cross-linking bonds cross cross-linking proteins cross over cross-linking step cross section crossmatch cross talk cross-match cross wall crossmatch test cross β-spine crossover cross-bridge crossover events cross-bridge action cross-over point cross-bridge activity cross-phosphorylate cross-bridge cycling cross-pollinate cross-contamination cross-pollination crosscurrent cross-present crossed extensor response cross-presentation cross-fertilization cross-react cross-fertilize cross-reactions cross-fostered cross-reactive cross-fostering cross-reactive antibodies cross-fostering experiment cross-reactive response cross-fostering study cross-reactivity 171 cross-regulation cross-regulation cruciate ligament cross-resistance cruciferous vegetables cross-species crucifers cross-striations cruciform structure cross-talk crude crosswalls crude mass movements crotamiton crude tools from stone crotamiton sulfur crumbly crotches crumbs croup syndrome crura crowd out crura of clitoris crowded crura of the diaphragm crowded conditions crura of the penis crowded living conditions crural fibers crowding crural portion crown crural ulceration crown dilaceration crus crown fracture crus of the diaphragm crown gall crush syndrome crown group crush vertebral body fractures crown of cilia crust crown of hooklets crust below the oceans crown-root dilaceration crust over crows crustaceans CrP Crustacea CRP-cAMP complex crustacean cruciate crustal plates cruciate anastomosis crusted 172 crusting cryptosporidial diarrhea crusting cryptosporidial infection crustose lichens cryptosporidosis crusty crypts crux cordis crypts of Lieberkühn crux of the heart crystal cryoelectron micrograph crystal violet cryoelectron microscopy crystal-like cryoglobulins crystallin cryopreservation crystallin proteins cryotherapy crystalline crypt hyperplasia crystalline cone cryptic coloration crystalline lattice cryptic hyperplasia crystallize cryptic invaders crystallized cryptic invasion crystallographer cryptic patterning crystallographic cryptic species crystalluria cryptochromes cry-wolf effect cryptococcal antigen CsCl cryptococcal meningitis C-section cryptococcosis CSF cryptodires CSF absorption Cryptodira CSF fluid suppression cryptodiran turtles CSF protein cryptogenic CSF-IgG index cryptomenorrhoea CSWS cryptorchidism CT pneumocolon 173 CT scan CT scan cuboidal CTA cuboidal cells CTB cuboidal epithelial cells CTD cuboidal surface epithelium CTD of RNA Pol II cubozoans ctenidia Cubozoa Ctenocephalides canis cubs Ctenophora cuckolded C-terminal cuckolder C-terminal amino acid sequences cuckoldry C-terminal domain cucurbitacins C-terminal segment cud C-terminal side cud-chewing animals C-terminal tail cue C-terminus cuff pressure CTLs culling CTX culmen C-type natriuretic peptide cultivate CTZ cultivated Cu cultivated field cube shaped cultivated mushroom cubic cultivating in a contour pattern cubic symmetry cultivation cubilin culturable cubital fossa cultural cubital tunnel cultural anthropology cuboid culture cuboid epithelium culture broth 174 culture conditions culture conditions cuplike culture dish cuplike eyes culture dish cups culture filtrate protein-10 cup-shaped culture media cupula culture medium curable culture method curare culture smear curassows culture system curative culture technique curb culture-confirmed cure cultured cure rates cultured cells curettage cultured stock curette culture-positive specimens curly leaves culturing current culturing medium curtailed culturing methods curvature culturing procedure curve cumulative curve of exponential population growth cumulative action curved cumulative effect curvilinear cumulus oophorus Cushing reflex cumulus oophorus-oocyte complex Cushing's syndrome cuneate nucleus cushion cuneiform cusp cuneocerebellar cusp tips cup fungi customized 175 cut cut cuticular cut out cuticular development genes cut up cuticular layer cut-and-paste mechanism cutin cutaneous cutinase cutaneous abnormalities cutting cutaneous anthrax cutting plates cutaneous exanthema cutting reaction cutaneous folds cuttings cutaneous Langerhans cells cuttlefish cutaneous larva migrans CVA cutaneous leishmaniosis C-value paradox cutaneous lesion CVLM cutaneous manifestations CVS cutaneous mucormycosis CXC chemokines cutaneous mycoses cyanate cutaneous nerve of thigh Cyanea cutaneous neurons cyanide cutaneous pigmentation cyanobacteria cutaneous receptors cyanobacterial cutaneous scales cyanobacterial cells cutaneous sensation cyanobacterial endosymbiont cutaneous senses cyanobacterium cutaneous test cyanocobalamin cutaneous vasoconstriction cyanogen bromide cutaneous vasodilation cyanosis cuticle cyanosis of the extremities cuticle morphology cyanotic 176 cyanotic congenital heart disease cyanotic congenital heart disease cyclin Dl gene cyanotic lesions cyclin-CDK complexes cycads, Cycadophyta cyclin-dependent kinase cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinases cycle of light and dark cycling cycle of ovulation cycling minerals cycle sequencing cyclins cycles cycliophorans cycles of air movement Cycliophora cycles of amino acid addition cyclization cycles of day and night cyclobutane cycles of heart contraction cyclobutane ring cyclic cyclohexanone cyclic adenosine monophosphate cycloheximide cyclic AMP cyclooxygenase cyclic AMP levels cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene cyclic AMP pathway cycloserine cyclic electron flow cyclosporine cyclic electron transport cyclosporine A cyclic GMP cyclosporosis cyclic guanosine monophosphate cylindrical cyclic nucleotide cylindrical macroconidia cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels cymba conchae cyclical evolution Cymevene cyclical ovarian activity Cynanthus latirostris cyclical pattern of sleep cynodont cyclical periodicity cynodont therapsids cyclin cynodonts 177 Cyperaceae Cyperaceae cystic tumor cypriniform cystic veins cyst cysticerci cyst excreters cysticercoid larva cyst stage cysticercoids cyst wall cysticercosis cystathione cysticercus cysteine cystine cysteine monomers cystine-tellurite agar cysteine proteases cystinosis cysteine residues cystisosporiasis cysteines cystitis cystic cystlike cystic acne cystometrogram cystic adenomatoid malformation cystometry cystic artery cystopyelitis cystic disease cystozoites cystic duct cysts of Kobelt's tubules cystic dysplasia cytidine cystic echinococcosis Cytisus scoparius cystic fibrosis cytoadherence cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator cytoarchitectural cytochemistry cystic hepatic echinococcosis cytochrome cystic hygroma cytochrome c cystic kidney cytochrome c oxidase cystic lymphangioma cytochrome complex cystic structure cytochrome oxidase 178 cytochromes cytochromes cytomegaly cytocidal infection cytomegaly virus cytogenetic cytonuclear disequilibrium cytogenetic map cytopathic cytokine genes cytopathic ability cytokine MAF cytopathic effect cytokine receptor superfamily cytopathogenesis cytokine storm cytopathogenicity cytokine-releasing T cells cytopathologic cytokines cytopathologic effect cytokinesis cytopathologic spread of the virus cytokinin cytopathology cytologic cytopempsis cytologic specimens cytopenia cytological divergence cytoplasm cytologist cytoplasm-filled cytology cytoplasmic cytolysis cytoplasmic activities cytolytic cytoplasmic bridges cytolytic activity cytoplasmic channels cytolytic effector mechanisms cytoplasmic components cytolytic substances cytoplasmic composition cytolytic T cells cytoplasmic conjugation bridge cytomegalic cell cytoplasmic connection cytomegalic inclusion disease cytoplasmic determinants cytomegalovirus cytoplasmic developmental determinants cytomegalovirus infection cytoplasmic division cytomegalovirus retinitis cytoplasmic dynein 179 cytoplasmic extensions cytoplasmic extensions cytoplasmically incompatible cytoplasmic fusion cytoregulatory cytoplasmic genes cytosine cytoplasmic granules cytosine base cytoplasmic incompatibility cytosine nucleotides cytoplasmic layer cytosineadenine-guanine repeats cytoplasmic locales cytosine-bearing nucleotide cytoplasmic loop cytoskeletal cytoplasmic male sterility cytoskeletal changes cytoplasmic male sterility factor cytoskeletal disruption cytoplasmic membrane cytoskeletal elements cytoplasmic membrane permeases cytoskeletal fibers cytoplasmic molecules cytoskeletal proteins cytoplasmic organelles cytoskeleton cytoplasmic pool of amino acids cytosol cytoplasmic projections cytosolic cytoplasmic proteins cytosolic pool of tRNAs cytoplasmic regions cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasmic ribosomes cytosolic volume cytoplasmic side cytostatic drugs cytoplasmic signals cytostatic factor cytoplasmic strands cytostatics cytoplasmic streaming cytostome cytoplasmic tail cytotoxic cytoplasmic tunnel cytotoxic CD8+ T cell cytoplasmic vacuoles cytotoxic destruction cytoplasmic vesicles cytotoxic response cytoplasmically cytotoxic T cell 180 cytotoxic T cells cytotoxic T cells cytotoxic T lymphocytes cytotoxic T-cell precursors cytotoxic T-cell response cytotoxicity cytotoxins cytotrophoblast cytotype 181 D amino acids D DARC D amino acids dark D cells dark adaptation D configuration dark current D stem dark field microscopy Da dark reactions DAG dark urine daily darkening of the skin daily cycle of photosynthesis darkfield microscope dalton darkfield microscopy Dalton's law of partial pressures dark-grown damage dartos fascia damaged Darwinian damaged beyond repair data damaging data difficult to interpret damaging agent data set damaging effects date d-amino acids Date rape damming dating method damp dauer larva dampen daughter damping daughter atoms damselflies daughter bulb Dane particle daughter cells dangerous daughter chromosomes dangerous bacteria daughter cysts Daphnia daughter molecules daptomycin daughter strand 182 day length day length deadly daylight deadwood day-neutral plant deafferentation day-neutral plants deaf-mutism daytime sleepiness deafness D-carbo-xypeptidases deafness in one ear DDAVP deaminate DD-transpeptidase deaminated deacetylate deaminated amino acids deacetylation deamination deactivate death deactivated death of forests deactivation death phase deacylase death rate dead death-signaling ligand dead area death-signaling molecule dead areas debilitating illness dead kelp debride dead layers of skin debridement dead leaves debris dead logs debris from under fingernails dead space decalcified dead vaccine decapeptide dead vaccine material decapitated dead-end decapods dead-end host Decapoda dead-end intermediate host decapping deadhesive decapsidated 183 decarboxylate decarboxylate declining population decarboxylated declining-population approach decarboxylation declive decarboxylation reaction decode decatenate decoding machinery decay decolorization decay accelerating factor decolorize decay processes decolorized decay products decolorizer decay-accelerating factor decolorizing agent decaying decomposable decelerate decompose deceleration decomposed deceleration injury decomposer fungi deceptive signals decomposers decerebrate posture decomposing lesions decerebrate rigidity decomposition decibel scale decomposition of movement decidua decompression deciduous decompression sickness deciduous molars decondense deciduous teeth decontaminate deciliter decontaminated decimal reduction time decorated declarative memories decorticated egg declarative memory decouple decline decrease decline phase decrease in the auditory acuity 184 decreased decreased deep cervical lymph nodes decreased appetite deep cervical nodes decreased breast size deep circumflex iliac artery decreased immune responses deep corium decreased immunity deep dorsal vein decreased peripheral circulation deep external pudendal artery decreased peripheral utilization deep facial vein decreased physical and mental performance deep fascia decrement of fitness deep femoral artery decrescendo murmur deep fibular nerve decubitus ulcers deep groundwater well decussation of the pyramids deep iliac circumflex artery dedicated deep infrapatellar bursa dedifferentiate deep inguinal ring deduction deep internal ring deductive deep lingual veins deductive reasoning deep muscles of the back deep deep nuclei deep abdominal ring deep ocean layers deep artery of the arm deep pain deep artery of the penis deep palmar branch deep artery of the thigh deep perineal pouch, deep perineal space deep auricular artery deep petrosal nerve deep back muscles deep plantar artery deep branch deep pouch of peritoneum deep candidiasis deep regions of the ocean deep cerebellar nuclei deep skin layers deep cervical artery deep snow 185 deep somatic pain deep somatic pain deepwater deep system deep-water environments deep temporal arteries deer deep temporal nerves deer fly fever deep tendon reflexes de-etiolation deep transverse metacarpal ligament de-etiolation response deep transverse metatarsal ligament defeat deep transverse perineal muscle defecation deep transverse perineal muscle defect deep vein thrombosis defection deep veins defective deep venous system of the legs defense deep yeast mycoses defenses deep-brain stimulation defense mechanism deep-diving defense system deepen defensins deeper defensive deeper membranous layer defensive adaptation deeper pool defensive coloration deeper veins defensive mimicry deep-etching defensive proteins deep-ocean floor defensive reaction deep-sea defervesce deep-sea bottom defibrillation deep-sea thermal vents defibrillator deep-sea vents deficiency deep-seated infections deficiencies deep-tendon reflexes deficient 186 -deficient -deficient degenerative joint disease deficit degenerative process -defining degenerins definite deglaciation definitive deglutition definitive host deglutition syncope deflate degradation deflation degradation pathway deflation reflex degradation process deflect degradation products deflection degradative enzymes deforestation degradative process deforested degradative proteins deformation degrade deformed DNA degraded deformity degradome degeneracy degranulate degenerate degranulation degenerate mutation degree degenerate oligonucleotide primer PCR degree of survival degenerate PCR dehiscence degenerated dehydrate degeneration dehydrated degenerative changes dehydrated formulation degenerative condition dehydrating degenerative damage dehydration degenerative diseases of "old age" dehydration process degenerative disorder dehydration reaction 187 dehydration synthesis dehydration synthesis delirium dehydroepiandrosterone deliver dehydrogenase delivery dehydrogenated delta dehydrogenation delta agent dehydropeptidase delta antigen deiodination delta hepatitis deiodotyrosine delta proteobacteria Deiter's cells delta waves delay deltamethrin delayed deltoid delayed allergic reaction deltoid ligament delayed dermal hypersensitivity reaction deltoid muscle delayed hypersensitivity reaction deltoid tuberosity delayed skin reaction deltopectoral triangle delayed type hypersensitivity delusions delayed wound healing deme delayed-early genes demarcated borders delete dematious fungi deleted dementia deleterious dementia with Lewy bodies deletion demifacet deletion mutagenesis demineralization deletion mutant demise deletion phenotypes demographer deletion site demographic events deletion strategy demographic feature delimited demographic transition 188 demographic trend demographic trend denervation hypersensitivity demographics dengue fever demosponges dengue hemorrhagic fever Demospongiae dengue shock syndrome demyelinated denitrification demyelinating disease denitrifying bacteria demyelination dens denaturation dense denaturation agent dense bodies denature dense connective tissue denatured dense yolk denatured with alkali dense-core denaturing densely packed denaturing conditions densely plant-populated area dendrites densities dendritic densitometer dendritic arbors density dendritic cell vaccines density distribution dendritic cells density gradient dendritic processes density gradient centrifugation dendritic spines density labeling experiments dendritic surface density of electrons dendritic trees density-dependent dendritic zone density-dependent inhibition Dendrobates density-dependent population growth dendrochronology density-dependent selection denervated density-independent denervation density-independent factor 189 density-independent selection density-independent selection deoxyadenosine dental deoxycholic acid dental abscesses deoxycorticosterone dental arch deoxycortisol dental caries deoxycytidine dental defects deoxygenated dental disease deoxygenated blood dental enamel deoxygenation dental extraction deoxyguanosine dental fluorosis deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate dental hard tissues deoxyhemoglobin dental implant-associated infections deoxynojirimycin dental instruments deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates dental papillae deoxynucleoside triphosphates dental plaque deoxynucleosides dental pulp deoxyribonuclease dentary bone deoxyribonucleic acid dentary-squamosal hinge deoxyribonucleoprotein complex dentate gyrus deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates dentate line deoxyribonucleotide synthesis dentate nucleus deoxyribose denticulate ligament deoxyribose form dentin deoxyribose ring dentistry deoxythymidine dentition dependable dentofacial growth dependence denuded skin areas dependency deoxy form dependent 190 dependoviruses dependoviruses depress dephosphorylate depressed dephosphorylated depressed immune function dephosphorylation depressed mood depigmentation depressed skull fracture deplete depression depleted depressive disorder -depleted depressive effect depletion depressive illness depletive depressive phase deployed depressor depoidymerize depressor anguli oris muscle depolarization depressor labii inferioris muscle depolarization-repolarization process depressor reflex depolarize depressor septi muscle depolarized depressor septi nasi depolarizing deprive depolarizing catelectrotonic potentials deprived of depolarizing potential depth depolarizing response depth of breathing depolymerization depth of the lower jaw depolymerize depth perception deposit depurination deposits depyrimidination deposited deregulation deposition derepress depot derepressed depot effect derivative 191 derivatization derivatization dermal wounds derive Dermaptera derived dermatitis -derived dermatitis exfoliativa derived character dermatoglyphic traits derived character state dermatomal rule derived features dermatome derived lineage dermatomycoses derived state dermatomyotome derived trait dermatonecrosis derma Dermatophagoides dermal dermatophytes dermal acidic mantle dermatophytoses dermal anthrax dermis dermal depigmentation dermonecrosis dermal depigmentations dermonecrotic toxin dermal eczemas dermoscopy dermal efflorescences derris plant dermal gills Descemet's membrane dermal infection descend dermal injuries descendant dermal interstitial cells descendant species dermal lesions descended testicles dermal reaction descending dermal ridges descending aorta dermal surface descending colon dermal tissue descending limb dermal tissue system descending limb of Starling curve 192 descending part of the duodenum descending part of the duodenum desosamine descending tracts desquamate descending vasa recta desquamated descent desquamating descent with modification desquamation descriptive approach destabilize descriptive science destabilizing sequences descriptive studies destained desensitization destination desensitize destined for desert destroy desert areas destroying angel desert environments destruction desert formation destruction of forests desert plant adaptations destructive desert-dwelling destructive outbreaks of pests desertification destructive practices desiccate desynchronization desiccation desynchronize desiccation tolerance detach design detachable designate detachment designated detect desmin detectable desmopressin detection desmosomes detection methods desmotubule detection procedure desorption detector enzyme 193 deter deter detrusor muscle detergent compounds deturgescence detergents deuterium deteriorate deuterium oxide deterioration deuteromycetes determinant Deuteromycota determinant factors deuterostomes determinate Deuterostomia determinate cleavage deutonymph determinate growth devastating determination devastation determination of the genetic code develop determine develop a food addiction determined developing -determining development deterministic development of form detoxification developmental detoxification enzymes developmental abnormalities detoxification process developmental arrest detoxification site developmental biologist detoxified developmental biology detoxify developmental circuit detoxifying enzymes developmental constraints detoxifying genes developmental control genes detrimental developmental controls detritivores developmental course detritus developmental cycle detritus feeders developmental defects 194 developmental delay developmental delay developmental stages developmental determinants developmental system developmental errors developmental trajectories developmental events developmentally developmental evolutionary biology developmentally canalized developmental fate developmentally constrained developmental foundations developmentally controlled genes developmental genes deviation developmental genetic devil’s grip developmental geneticist devise developmental genetics Devonian developmental integration dewlap developmental mechanism deworming developmental mutant dexterity developmental noise dextral developmental path, developmental pathway dextran dextrins developmental pattern dextrocardia developmental phase dextrose developmental plasticity DF-1 strains developmental problems DF-2 strains developmental process DHL-loop developmental program DHPG developmental regulation diabetes developmental regulatory genes diabetes insipidus developmental responses diabetes mellitus developmental retardation diabetic developmental stage diabetic acidosis 195 diabetic coma diabetic coma diagnostic test kits diabetic control diagnostic testing diabetic ketoacidosis diagnostic tool diabetic leg ulcers diagnostic trait diabetic nephropathy diagnostic value diabetic neuropathy diagnostically diabetic patient diagnostically significant diabetic retinopathy diagnostically useful diabetogenic diagnostics diacylglycerol diagonal band of Broca diagnosably diagram showing lines of descent diagnose diagrammatic section diagnosis dialysate diagnostic dialysis diagnostic analysis dialysis equipment diagnostic approach dialysis fistula diagnostic bacteriology dialysis fluid diagnostic characters dialysis machine diagnostic data dialysis-associated peritonitis diagnostic feature diameter diagnostic imaging diamine oxidase diagnostic information diamine product diagnostic kit diamino amino acid diagnostic material diaminobutyric acid diagnostic procedure diaminohenzyl pyrimidine diagnostic reagents diaminopimelic acid diagnostic specimens diaminopyrimidine trimethoprim diagnostic test diamond-shaped 196 diapause diapause diastolic filling of the heart diapausing diastolic flow murmur diapedesis diastolic function diaper rash diastolic heart failure diaphoresis diastolic inflow diaphragm diastolic intraventicular pressure diaphragma sellae diastolic murmur diaphragmatic hernia diastolic pressure diaphragmatic hiatus diastolic volume diaphragmatic nodes diatomaceous earth diaphragmatic pleura diatoms diaphragmatic surface Diatomeae diaphysis Diatryma diaplacental dibasic phosphate diaplacental antibody transmission DIC microscopy diaplacental transmission dichotomous diaplacentally dichotomous branching diapsids dichotomously Diapsida dichotomy diarrheal dicloxacillin diarrheal disease dicots diarrheal form dicotyledenous plants diastasis Dicotyledones diastole dicotyledons diastolic dicrocoeliosis diastolic blood pressure Dicrocoelium dendriticum diastolic dysfunction dicrotic notch diastolic filling Dictyostelida 197 didanosine didanosine dietary intake dideoxy chain termination method dietary intake dideoxy chain termination method dietary lipids dideoxy chain termination method of DNA sequencing dietary restrictions dietary supplement dideoxy chain termination sequencing Dieterle silver stain dideoxy form of dATP diethylcarbamazine dideoxy method diethyl-m-toluamide dideoxy sequencing differences dideoxynucleotide differences in anatomical structure dideoxyribose differences in base pair sequence dideoxyribose form different levels die differential die back differential amplification of genes die off differential centrifugation diencephalic sleep zone differential diagnosis diencephalon differential diagnostic procedure diester differential display diet differential gene expression diet management differential growth rates dietary dietary component dietary components differential interference contrast microscope differential interference contrast microscope dietary constituents dietary deficiency differential interference contrast microscopy dietary factors differential medium dietary fats differential poly A processing dietary habits differential rate of growth 198 differential reproduction differential reproduction diffuse proliferation differential reproductive success diffuse secondary response differential speciation diffusible differential splicing diffusing capacity differential stain diffusing substance differential staining diffusion differential staining technique diffusion coefficient differential toxicity diffusion dispersal differential WBC count diffusion distance differentially sensitive diffusion gradient differentiate diffusion-limited differentiated difluoromethylornithine differentiated state dig up differentiation digastric muscle differentiation antigens digeneans differentiation pathway digenetic trematode worms difficulties with speech and thinking Digenea difficulty speaking or walking DiGeorge syndrome difficulty swallowing and speaking digest diffract digest away diffracted -digesting diffuse digestion diffuse away digestion products diffuse back digestive diffuse coevolution digestive activity diffuse inoculation digestive blockages diffuse large B-cell lymphoma digestive cavity diffuse out digestive compartments 199 digestive difficulties digestive difficulties diglyceride digestive enzymes dihybrid digestive juice dihybrid cross digestive organelles dihydrobiopterin digestive organs dihydrofolate reductase digestive processes dihydrofolic acid digestive structures dihydropropoxymethylguanosine digestive system dihydropteric acid digestive tract dihydropteroic acid digestive tract dihydropyridine channels digestive tract cells dihydropyridine receptors digestive tract damage dihydrostreptomycin digestive tract endoscopy dihydrotestosterone digestive tube dihydrothiazine ring digestive tube dihydrouridine digestive wastes dihydrouridine loop digests of cDNA dihydroxy derivatives digger wasp dihydroxy propoxymethyl guanine digit dihydroxyacetone digital clubbing dihydroxyacetone phosphate digital dexterity dihydroxycholecalciferol digital rectal exam dihydroxyphenylalanine digital rectal examination dihydroxypropoxymethyl guanine digital sensor diiodotyrosine digitalis dikaryotic digitalis glycosides dikaryotic n + n stage Digitalis purpurea dilatation digitalized dilate 200 dilated dilated dimethyl ether dilated aortic root dimethyl sulfate dilated cardiomyopathy diminish dilated pupil diminished dilation diminished breath sounds dilation of the left atrium diminutive dilator activity dimorphic dilator effect dimorphic pathogenic fungi dilator naris muscle dimorphism dilator of the pupil dimple dilator pupillae muscle dimpling diloxanide furoate dinitrophenol dilute dinoflagellates dilute solution Dinoflagellata diluted dinosaur footprints dilution dinucleotide dilution coefficient dinucleotide repeat dilution method dioecious dilution test dioecious dilutional hyponatremia dioecy dilutions series test diol epoxide dim dioxigenin dimer dioxin dimeric dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine dimeric growth factor dipeptidases dimerization dipeptide dimerization domain dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase dimerize dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase 201 diphosphates diphosphates diploid human embryonal cells diphtheria diploid number diphtheria antitoxin diploid phase diphtheria bacteria diploid set diphtheria exotoxin diploid stage diphtheria toxin diploid state diphtheria toxin regulator diploidy diphtheria toxin repressor diplomonads diphtheria toxoid diplopods diphtherial pseudomembrane Dipnoi diphtherialike dipolar ions diphtheritic membrane dipole diphtheroid rods dipole-dipole interactions diphyllobothriasis dipsogenic effect diphyllobothriosis dipstick method Diphyllobothrium latum dipteran species dipicolinic acid dipterans Diplera Dipylidium caninum diploblastic direct diploblastic animals direct antigen detection diploblasts direct calorimetry diplococci direct competitive exclusion diplococcoid direct complement activation diploe direct Coombs test diploid direct detection tests diploid complement of chromosomes direct development diploid condition direct DNA repair diploid fibroblast cell culture direct examination of a wet mount 202 direct Fick method direct Fick method directed mutation direct fitness direction direct fluorescent antibody stain direction of light direct gene transfer directional direct IF microscopy directional cloning direct immunofluorescence directional component direct immunofluorescence in smear directional evolution direct inguinal hernia directional growth direct nerve injury directional growth response direct oxidative pathway directional in character direct parasite detection directional orientation direct repeat sequence directional selection direct repeats directionality direct repressor domain directionally direct reversal directly direct reversal of a lesion directly mutagenic direct smear infection transmission directly mutagenic lesion direct transmission dirofilariasis direct viral detection dirofilariosis direct virus detection disable direct virus detection method disabled direct wet mount disaccharides direct-acting disadvantage direct-developing disadvantageous directed disappear directed against disappearance directed at disarmed T-DNA shuttle vectors directed evolution disassemble 203 disassembled disassembled discovery science disassembly discrete disc discrete characters discretely varying traits disc osteophyte bars discriminate disc prolapse disc-shaped disc protrusion disease discharge discharge of pus disease control discharge rate disease control campaign discharge zone disease control measures discharged disease distribution discharged in the urine disease gene discharged tRNA disease manifestation disclike disease of royalty discolored disease organisms discolored urine disease prevention system discomfort disease process disconnected disease resistance discontinuation disease severity discontinue disease signs discontinuous disease state discontinuous change disease susceptibility discontinuously disease-associated discontinuously distributed disease-associated genes discordance disease-carrying discordant disease-causing discourage disease-causing agent 204 disease-causing organisms disease-causing organisms disorder diseased disordered disease-specific immunity disordered communication disembowel disordered thinking disengage disorganize dish disorganized dishonest signals disoxaril disinfectant disparate disinfectant agents disparity disinfectant solutions dispatch disinfected dispensable disinfection dispersal disinfection procedure dispersal ability disintegrate dispersal behaviour disintegration dispersal by animals disjunct dispersal by wind disjunct distribution dispersal distance disjunct populations dispersal episode disjunction dispersal events disjunctly distributed taxa dispersal mechanisms disk dispersal patterns disk test dispersal patterns of plants disks of filter paper dispersal routes disk-shaped dispersal stage dislocation dispersal-vicariance analysis dismantle disperse dismantling dispersed disomy 205 dispersed repetitive DNA dispersed repetitive DNA dispositional prophylaxis dispersed repetitive DNA fraction disrupt dispersed repetitive DNA sequences disrupted function dispersed repetitive sequences disrupted lymph circulation disperser disrupted pH balance dispersion disruption dispersion forces disruption of the bony pelvic ring dispersive disruptive dispersive model disruptive natural selection dispersive replication disruptive selection dispersiveness disruptively selected displace dissect displaced dissected displacement dissecting displacement loop dissecting needle display displayed dissection disseminate displaying disseminated display behaviors disseminated infection display ornament disseminated intravasal coagulation display strategy disseminated intravascular coagulation display trait disseminated mucormycosis disposal disseminated tuberculosis disposal of metabolic wastes dissemination disposal site dissemination foci dispose dissimilar disposed dissimilar sequences disposition dissimilarity of sequences 206 dissipate dissipate distance-based tree dissipation distant dissociate distant metastases dissociated distantly related dissociation distasteful dissociation curve distend dissociation reaction distended dissolution distending pressure dissolve distensible dissolved distention dissolved materials distinct dissolving agent distinction distal distinctive distal arm distinctive colors distal convoluted tubule distinctiveness distal end of femur distinguish distal forearm distinguishable distal phalanges of digits distinguished by distal splenorenal shunt procedure distort distal tubular cells distorted distal tubular reabsorption distorter gene distal tubule distal ureteric obstruction distress distribute distal vessels of the pulmonary tree distributed distally distribution distance effect distribution of yolk distance method distributive shock distance vision disturb 207 disturbance disturbance divergence time disturbance by predators divergent disturbance of habitat divergent action of natural selection disturbances divergent ecological adaptation disturbed divergent evolution disturbed area divergent features disturbed environment divergent forces disturbed habitat divergent identity disturbed vision and coordination divergent populations disturbing experience divergent selection disulfide bond divergent sexual selection divergent taxa disulfide bridges divergent traits disulfide linkage divergent trend disuse atrophy diverging force diuresis diverse diuretic diversification diurnal diversify diurnal blood diversifying selection diurnal periodic diversion diurnal rhythm diversity diurnally active diversity at the morphological level DIVA diversity gene segment divalent diversity indices diverge diversity of life diverged diversity of species divergence diversity-dependent divergence in traits diversity-dependent factors 208 diversity-independent diversity-independent DNA binding dyes diverticula DNA blotting diverticular disease DNA breakage diverticulitis DNA building blocks diverticulum DNA chain divide DNA change DNA chips dividing DNA clamp dividing stage DNA cleaving reagents diving DNA cloning division DNA cloning scheme division septum DNA coding sequences divisions of brain DNA coiling divisions of meiosis DNA comparisons dizygotic twins DNA conformation dizziness DNA content D-loop DNA copy DNA DNA cross-link repair DNA alkylating agents DNA damage DNA animal viruses DNA damaging drugs DNA antisense strand DNA detection DNA backbone DNA domains DNA bands DNA double helices DNA barcode DNA base pair DNA double helix DNA base-pair changes DNA duplication DNA bases DNA duplication mechanism DNA binding DNA extension 209 DNA duplex DNA fingerprint DNA fingerprint DNA pattern DNA fingerprinting technique DNA pol I DNA folding DNA pol III DNA fragmentation DNA polymer DNA glycosylase DNA polymerase DNA gyrase DNA polymerase I DNA gyrase subunit A DNA polymerase III DNA helicase DNA polymerase III holoenzyme dimer DNA hybridization DNA polymerase V DNA insert DNA polymerase ε DNA intermediate DNA polymorphism DNA interstrand cross-links DNA polymorphisms DNA lesions DNA primase DNA library DNA primer DNA ligase DNA probe DNA linker DNA probe analysis DNA markers DNA probe tests DNA methylation DNA probes DNA methylation pattern DNA profile DNA microarray DNA recognition site DNA microarray analysis DNA reference map DNA microarray assay DNA repair DNA molecule DNA repair enzymes DNA motifs DNA repair mechanisms DNA nucleotide sequences DNA repair pathways DNA nucleotides DNA repair system DNA packing DNA repeats DNA packing steps DNA replication 210 DNA replication complex DNA replication complex DNA tests DNA replication enzyme DNA topoisomerase DNA replication machine DNA topology DNA section DNA transposon DNA segment DNA transposons DNA sequence DNA tumor viruses DNA sequence analyse DNA typing DNA sequence changes DNA unwinding DNA sequence comparisons DNA vaccines DNA sequence data DNA vector DNA sequence differences DNA virus DNA sequence divergence DnaB protein DNA sequence diversity DNA-based genome DNA sequence evolution DNA-binding activity DNA sequence information DNA-binding domain DNA sequencing DNA-binding domain DNA similarities DNA-binding motif DNA sites DNA-binding protein DNA solution DNA-binding proteins DNA strand DNA-binding sequence DNA structure DNA-binding site DNA sugar-phosphate backbone DNA-binding specificities DNA supercoiling DNA-binding state DNA synthesis DNA-bound DNA synthesis phase DNA-cutting enzyme DNA technology DNA-damaging agents DNA template DNA-directed synthesis DNA template strand DNA-like molecules 211 DNA-protein binding experiments DNA-protein binding experiments domain-encoding exons DNA-protein complex domains of life DNA-reactive chemicals dome DNase dome of pleura DNase I dome of the bladder DNase I footprinting domed DNA-sequencing machine dome-shaped D-negative domestic DNP domestic mites dNTPs domestic ruminants Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility domesticate dock domesticated docking protein domestication docking site dominance dodder dominance behaviors Doderlein's bacillus dominance hierarchy dog family dominance relationship dog flea dominance status doglike dominance system Doldrums dominant Dollo's law dominant allele DOMA dominant data domain dominant genotyping domain accretion dominant hereditary genes domain architecture dominant homozygote domain classification dominant limb domain structure dominant markers domain swap experiment 212 dominant species dominant species dopaminergic neurons dominant trait dopaminergic system dominantly dopaquinone dominant-negative effect DOPET -dominated DOP-PCR donate Doppler effect donated Doppler technique Donnan effect Doppler ultrasound donor Doppler vascular assessment donor APCs d-optical isomers donor bacterium dormancy donor blastocyst embryo dormant donor cell dormant period donor group dormant state donor molecule Dornase Alpha donor site dorsal donor somatic cell dorsal artery donor T cells dorsal artery of clitoris Donovan bodies dorsal artery of the penis donovanosis dorsal aspect of the foot dopa decarboxylase dorsal bud DOPAC dorsal carpal arch dopamine dorsal carpal arch of the wrist dopamine pathway dorsal carpal branch dopamine receptors dorsal cochlear nucleus dopamine reward circuit in the brain dorsal columns of the spinal cord dopamine transporter dorsal columns of the spinal cord dopamine β-hydroxylase dorsal digital arteries 213 dorsal digital expansions dorsal digital expansions dorsal root C fibers dorsal fin dorsal root ganglia dorsal fin spine dorsal scapular artery dorsal horn dorsal scapular nerve dorsal horn neurons dorsal shell dorsal horn of spinal cord dorsal spine number dorsal hypothalamic area dorsal structures dorsal interossei dorsal surface dorsal interosseous muscle dorsal surface of foot dorsal lateral surface of the hand dorsal thalamus dorsal lip of the blastopore dorsal tubular nerve cord dorsal mesentery dorsal venous arch in the foot dorsal metacarpal artery dorsal venous network dorsal motor nucleus of vagus dorsalis pedis dorsal nasal artery dorsalis pedis artery dorsal nerve cord dorsally dorsal nerve of the clitoris dorsal-ventral axis dorsal nerve of the penis dorsiflex dorsal nerve roots dorsiflexed dorsal noradrenergic bundle dorsiflexion dorsal pallidum dorsiflexion of the foot dorsal pancreatic artery dorsolateral dorsal pancreatic bud dorsomedial dorsal plates dorsomedial nucleus dorsal portion of the spinal cord dorsoventral movement dorsal radiocarpal ligament dorsoventrally dorsal region of the embryo dorsum dorsal root dorsum sellae 214 dorudontines dorudontines double uterus dorudontine basilosaurids double vagina dosage double vision dosage compensation double vulva dosage of genes double-blind study dose double-bonded dot blot technique doubled back dotlike double-gene fusion double bond double-headed double circuit of blood flow double-headed arrow double circuit of blood flow double-helical model double circulation double-helical turns double circulatory circuit double-layered double covalent bond double-layered capsid virion double diffusion according to Ouchterlony double-lumen catheter double digestions double-membrane vesicles double digests double-positive thymocytes double fertilization double-ring double helical double-stranded double helical stem regions double-stranded circle double helix double-stranded conformation double icosahedral capsid double-stranded DNA double J stent double-stranded DNA copy double membrane double-stranded DNA molecule double mutant double-stranded nucleic acid double pulley double-stranded regions double strand double-stranded RNA double sugars double-stranded RNA genome 215 double-stranded RNA viruses double-stranded RNA viruses drab doublet dracunculosis double-walled Dracunculus medinensis doubling dragonflies doubling time drain Douglas' line drain off Down syndrome drainage Downey cell drainage canal downhill drainage catheter downhill reaction drainage ditch down-regulate drained down-regulated draining down-regulation dramatic downstream dramatically downstream base pair drastically downstream enhancer site draw downstream poly A site drawing downstream signaling cascade drawing blood downstroke drawn up downtime DRE downturned dream states downy hair dreaming downy hawthorn dreams doxycycline dredging D-positive drift D-positive blood drift-induced speciation D-positive cells drill DPPC drinking at mealtime 216 drip irrigation drip irrigation drug withdrawal drive drug-induced coma driven trend drug-metabolizing enzymes driver drug-resistant dromaeosaur drug-resistant mutations dromaeosaurs drugs drone Drummond phlox drooling drumstick droop drupe drooping dry drop dry coastal zone droplet dry conditions droplet infection dry heat sterilization dropped beat dry mouth droppings dry mucosa drosophila dry out drought dry period drought stress dry season drought-resistant dry weight drowsiness drying drug addiction drying out drug detoxification dryness drug intoxication dryopithecines drug regimen ds drug resistance ds-acting sequences drug resistance gene dsDNA drug target dsDNA backbone drug therapy dsDNA preparations 217 dsRNA dsRNA Duffy blood group antigen dsRNA virus dulled pain sensibility DSS dullness to percussion DTH dumb rabies DTH reactions dumbbell-shaped DTV dumping DtxR dumping of wastes dual dumping syndrome dual blood supply dung dual control dunlins dual nerve supply duodenal dual organism duodenal aspirate dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning duodenal cap duodenal fluid duck embryos duodenal glands duck-billed dinosaurs duodenal juice duck-billed platypus duodenal obstruction duckweeds duodenal papilla duct duodenal ulceration duct of Santorini duodenal wall ductless duodenojejunal flexure ductus arteriosus duodenojejunal junction ductus choledochus duodenum ductus deferens duplex ductus venosus duplex DNA template due to duplex Doppler sonography Duffy antigen duplex ultrasound Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines duplexing 218 duplicate duplicate dwarf dog tapeworm duplicate genes dwarf fox tapeworm duplicate groups of chromosomes dwarf mongoose duplicate region dwarf phenotype duplicated dwarf shrubs duplicated chromosome dwarf tapeworm duplicates dwarf threadworm duplication dwarfing duplication event dwarfism duplication of the collecting system dwell duplication with divergence dweller duplication-diversification model dwelling dura dwindle dura in anterior cranial fossa DXA scanning dura mater dye durable dying dural canal dynactin dural partitions dynamic dural sac dynamic behavior dural sheath of the optic nerve dynamic equilibrium dural sinus flow dynamic exchanges dural sinuses dynamic fusimotor axons dural venous sinus dynamic response duration dynamic stability hypothesis dusky grouper dynamics dust storm dynamics of the population Dutch elm disease dynamin dwarf dynamism 219 dyne dyne dyspnea on exertion dynein feet dysregulation dyneins dysrhythmias dynorphin dystroglycan dysarthria dystrophin dysenteric form dystrophin gene dysentery dystrophin-glycoprotein complex dysentery like diarrhea dystrophy dysfunction dysuria dysfunctional dysgenesis dysgeusia dysgonic fermenter 1 dysgonic fermenter 2 dyskeratosis congenita dyslexia dyslipidemia dysmenorrhea dysmetria dysmorphic features dysnomia dysosmia dyspepsia dysphagia dysphoria dysplastic dysplastic pulmonic valve dyspnea 220 E site E early ejection clicks E site early embryo E. histolytica/E. dispar complex early endosome E19 protein early expression EA early G1 EaggEC early gene products ear early genes ears early latency syphilis ear anomalies early latent syphilis ear bones early mammalian features ear canal early maturity ear capsules early proteins ear infection early secreted antigenic target-6 ear stones early summer meningoencephalitis eardrum early transcription earlier-acting early wood earliest early-onset earlobes early-onset disease early early-stage growth detection early activation marker early-term infant early antigen Earth early C factors Earth science early childhood caries Earth’s atmosphere early childhood infections Earth’s crust early death Earth’s magnetic field early development Earth’s surface early diastole Earth's biodiversity early Earth Earth's biological diversity 221 Earth's crust Earth's crust ECC Earth's early atmosphere eccentric nucleocapsid core Earth's magnetic field ecchymoses Earth's magnetic field lines ecdysis Earth's overall temperature ecdysone Earth's rotation ecdysozoans, Ecdysozoa Earth's tilted axis of rotation ECF earthworm tunnels ECF volume earthworms ECG earwax echidnas earwigs echidnas eastern equine encephalitis echinocandin caspofungin eat echinocandins eating echinococcal infection eating behavior echinococcosis eating disorders Echinococcus granulosus eating habits Echinococcus multilocularis Eaton agent echinoderms, Echinodermata EBNA echinoids, Echinoidea Ebner's glands echocardiography Ebola glycoproteins echo-free Ebola virus echolocation eburnation echovirus EBV eclampsia EBV-negative mononucleosis eclipse period EBV-positive eclipse phase EC cells ECM molecules E-cadherin ECMO 222 ecological ecological ecological pyramid ecological adaptation ecological relationship ecological biogeography ecological release ecological category ecological restoration ecological character displacement ecological selection ecological characteristics ecological space ecological community ecological species concept ecological conditions ecological succession ecological disaster ecological time ecological disparity ecological time scale ecological distribution ecologically ecological divergence ecologically divergent ecological diversification ecologically dominant ecological effect ecologically important ecological equilibrium ecologically productive land ecological footprint ecologically significant ecological footprint concept ecologically similar ecological habits ecologically specialized ecological impact ecologist ecological interaction ecology ecological inviability ecomorphs ecological isolation economic botany ecological management EcoRI linkers ecological niche EcoRI methylase ecological opportunities EcoRl ecological organization ecosystem ecological physiology ecosystem "engineers" ecological principles ecosystem center 223 ecosystem diversity ecosystem diversity ectopically ecosystem ecologist ectoprocts ecosystem ecology Ectoprocta ecosystem experiments ectothermic ecosystem interactions ectotherms ecosystem management ectothermy ecosystem processes eczema ecosystem services eczema herpeticum ecosystem structure eczematous ecotone EDB ecotype EDB researcher ecotypic eddy currents ectatic bile ducts edema ecthyma gangrenosum edema factor ectoderm edema fluid ectodermal dysplasia edema toxin ectoenzyme edemas on eyelids and face ectomycorrhizae edematous ectomycorrhizal fungi edematous changes ectoparasite Edentata ectopia vesicae edentulous ectopic edge ectopic anus edge effect ectopic eruption edge habitat ectopic focus edge species ectopic parathyroid glands edge-adapted species ectopic pregnancy Ediacaran ectopic ventricular focus Ediacaran animals 224 Ediacaran biota Ediacaran biota effective perfusion pressure Ediacaran fauna effective population size Ediacaran period effective renal plasma flow edible effectively edit effectively infinite editing effectively neutral Edman degradation effectiveness EDRF effector EDTA effector B cells EDTA blood effector cells eEF2 effector functions EEG effector mechanism EEG abnormalities effector molecules EEG findings effector stage EEG rhythms effector T functions eelgrass efferent eels efferent arterioles EF-2 efferent channels efavirenz efferent discharge effacement of the microvillus efferent ductules effect efferent nerves effects efferent neurons effective efferent pathway effective concentration efferents effective conjugation efficacious therapy effective genome efficacy effective immunity efficiency effective osmotic pressure efficiency of contraction 225 efficient efficient egg yolk proteins efflorescence egg-based medium efflux egg-bearing efflux pumps egg-bearing organ effort syncope egg-enriched glycerol mediums effusion egg-hatching rate eflornithine egg-laying egest egg-laying hormone egestion egg-laying period EGF egg-polarity genes egg egg-producing cells egg activation egg-rolling behavior egg case eggshell egg cell egophony egg cortex EHEC egg coverings Ehrlichiae egg cytoplasm ehrlichiosis egg envelope EHUX egg excretion EIA egg laying EIA antigen detection egg membrane EIA methods egg of free-living generation eicosanoid synthesis egg plasma membrane EIEC egg predator eight-cell stage egg production Einthoven's triangle egg vitelline envelope ejaculate egg white ejaculate of semen egg yolk 226 ejaculate protein ejaculate protein electric shock ejaculation electrical activity ejaculation proper electrical axis of the heart ejaculatory duct electrical changes eject electrical charge ejection electrical conduction system ejection clicks electrical coupling ejection fraction electrical current flow ejection-type systolic murmur electrical discharges EKG electrical disturbance elaiosome electrical equivalence elastase electrical events elastic electrical gradient elastic cartilage electrical neutrality elastic connective tissue electrical potential elastic fibers electrical resistance elastic recoil electrical response elastic tissue electrical shock elasticity electrical signal elastin-containing tissues electrical signaling elbow electrical spark elbow arthritis electrical synapses elbow injury electrically elbow joint electrically balance electric charges electrically charged electric discharge electrically coupled electric field electrically neutral electric rays electrically polarized 227 electricity electricity electromagnetic radiation electro transfer electromagnetic receptors electrocardiogram electromagnetic spectrum electrocardiogram electrodes electromyogram electrocardiographic changes electromyography electrocardiographic leads electron electrocardiography electron acceptor electrocautery electron acceptor compounds electrocerebral inactivity electron beams electrochemical concentration gradient electron carrier electrochemical gradient electron cloud electrochemical neutrality electron configuration electrocution electron deficit electrode electron dense electroencephalogram electron density electroencephalograph electron distribution electrogenic electron donor electrogenic pump electron energy levels electrogenic pump electron flow electrolyte abnormalities electron greedy electrolyte concentration electron micrograph electrolyte disturbances electron microscope electrolyte imbalance electron microscope image electrolyte imbalances electron microscopic level electrolyte transport electron microscopic observations electrolytes electron microscopic studies electromagnetic energy electron microscopy electromagnetic flow meter electron orbitals 228 electron sharing electron sharing electrospray ionization electron shell electrostatic electron shuttle electrostatic interactions electron source electrostatically electron transfer electrotonic depolarization electron transfer between atoms electrotonic potentials electron transfer components Elek test electron transport Elek-Ouchterlony immunodiffusion test electron transport chain element electron-dense element symbols electronegative elemental electronegativity elemental diet electropherotype elemental iron electrophilic elemental oxygen electrophoresed elementary electrophoresis elementary bodies electrophoresis gel elementary membrane electrophoresis medium elephantiasis electrophoretic elevate electrophoretic bands elevated electrophoretic gel elevated neck veins electrophoretic loci elevated plasma glucose electrophoretic mobility elevation electrophoretic patterns elf circle electrophoretically elicit electrophysiologist elicitors electroporation eliminate electroreceptors elimination 229 ELISA ELISA Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolytic pathway ELISA methods embed ELISA results embedded ELISPOT assay emboli ellipsoid joints embolic disease ellipsoid synovial joints emboliform ellipsoidal embolization elliptic embryo elliptical embryo proper Ellis-van Creveld syndrome embryo sac elongate embryogenesis elongate embryoid elongated embryological elongation embryological connection elongation cycle embryological derivation elongation during DNA replication embryological similarities elongation factor embryological studies elongation factor-2 embryology elongation process embryonated Elopiformes embryonated eggs Elopomorpha embryonic eluates embryonic elusive species embryonic axis elute embryonic bulbus cordis elution embryonic cells EM embryonic circulation emaciation embryonic coelomic cavity 230 embryonic death embryonic death embryo's head embryonic derivation embryotoxic embryonic development EMCV embryonic digestive tract emerge embryonic foramen ovale emergence embryonic germ layers emergency department embryonic gut emergency laparotomy embryonic leaves embryonic lethal mutations emergency room embryonic lethality emergency stand-by therapy embryonic life emergency treatment embryonic membranes emergent layer embryonic movement emergent properties embryonic precursor cells emergent trees embryonic primitive atrium emerging embryonic root emerging diseases embryonic seed leaf emesis embryonic shoots emetic embryonic stage emetic form embryonic state emetic responses embryonic stem cells EMG embryonic tissue culture emigration embryonic tissue layers Emiliania huxleyi embryonic tissues eminence embryopathy emissary vein embryophore emission embryophytes emission peak embryo's axis emit 231 emergency stand-by drug emotional experience emotional experience emulsify emotional expression ENaC emotional intensity enamel emotional issues enamel dysplasia emotional lability enamel hypocalcification emotional memories enamel of primary dentition emotional memory enanthem emotional processing enantiomeric emotional reactivity enantiomers emotional responses enations emotional trauma encapsidated emotionally based encapsidation emotionally charged memories encapsulate emotionally charged stimuli encapsulated emotionally detached encapsulating membrane of lipid and protein emphysema encapsulation empire encased empires of life encasement empirical formula encephalitis empty encephalization empty into encephalomyocarditis virus empty adaptive zones encephalopathic agents empty capsids encephalopathy emptying encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis empyema enchondral bone formation emulsification encircle emulsified enclosed emulsifiers 232 enclosed plot enclosed plot endemic enclosure endemic areas encode endemic foci encoded endemic form encoding endemic relapsing fever encounter with an antigen endemic species encourage endemically encyst endemicity encysted endemism encysted larva endergonic encysted sporozoites endergonic process encystment endergonic process of phosphorylation end endergonic reaction end arteries endfeet end caps endings end differentiation end-labeled end labeling end-labeled DNA fragments end plate potential Endo agar end pressure endocardial end product endocardial cushions end residue endocarditis endangered endocardium endangered and threatened species endocarp endarteritis endocarp tissue endarteritis obliterans endocervical specimens end-Cretaceous extinction endocervix end-diastolic ventricular volume endochondral bone development end-diastolic volume endocrinal disturbances 233 endocrine endocrine endocytosed endocrine action endocytosis endocrine activity endocytotic endocrine cells endocytotic mechanism endocrine changes endocytotic process endocrine communication endocytotic vesicle endocrine control endoderm endocrine diseases endoderm cells endocrine disorders endodermal endocrine function endodermal cell wall endocrine glands endodermal cells endocrine hypertension endodermal plate endocrine mechanism endodermis endocrine organ endodontic infection endocrine pancreas endodyogenic cycle endocrine pathway endodyogeny endocrine processes endogenous endocrine regulation endogenous antigen processing pathway endocrine response endogenous creatinine clearance endocrine secretion endogenous ligands endocrine signaling endogenous pathway endocrine signals endogenous proteins endocrine system endogenous pyrogens endocrine tissue endogenous system endocrinologist endogenously endocrinology endolymph endocytic vacuole endolymphatic duct endocytic vesicles endolymphatic sac 234 endomembrane system endomembrane system endosomal membrane endometrial endosomal vesicles endometrial changes endosome endometrial cycle endosome destruction endometrial gland secretion endosome fusion endometriosis endosperm endometritis endospore endometrium endospore coat endomycorrhizae endospore-forming endomycorrhizal connections endospore-like structures endomycorrhizal fungi endostyle endonuclease endosymbiont endonucleolytic endosymbiont genotype endoparasite endosymbiontic endoparasitic endosymbiosis endopelvic fascia endosymbiotic endopeptidases endosymbiotic event endophthalmitis endosymbiotic relationships endophytes endothelial endoplasmic reticulum endothelial activation endoplasmic reticulum endothelial cells endoprostheses endothelial damage endorphin endothelial lining endoscopic biopsy endothelial receptors endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography endothelial-lined endothelins endoscopy endothelium endoskeleton endothelium-derived relaxing factor 235 endothermic endothermic end-stage host endothermic reaction endsystolic ventricular blood volume endotherms end-systolic ventricular volume endothermy end-systolic volume endothoracic fascia end-tidal CO2 endotoxic energetic endotoxic shock energetic hypothesis endotoxin activity energetically endotoxin-like activity energetically favorable endotoxins energetically relaxed endotracheal intubation energized endotracheal secretions energized state endotracheal tube energizing endovascular aneurysm repair energy endovascular aortic repair energy allocation endovascular graft energy balance endovascular procedure energy barrier endovascular treatment energy benefit end-over-end tumbling motion energy budget endow energy capture phase endowed with energy content endoxan energy conversion endozoites energy cost end-Permian extinction energy coupling end-Permian mass extinction energy currency end-plate membrane energy currency of the cell end-product energy drop end-stage energy dynamics 236 energy expenditure energy expenditure energy shell energy expense energy shuttle energy flow energy state energy flux density energy storage energy from sunlight energy stores energy gain energy supply energy generation energy transaction energy gradient energy transduction energy homeostasis energy transfer energy input energy transfer molecule energy investment energy transfer reaction energy investment phase energy transformations energy level energy use energy metabolism energy yield energy of activation energy-consuming energy of motion energy-containing molecules energy of supercoiling energy-converting organelles energy output energy-dependent energy output of glycolysis energy-efficient energy parasites energy-producing enzymes energy pathway energy-releasing energy payoff energy-releasing steps energy processing energy-requiring energy production energy-rich energy pyramid energy-using energy reactions energy-yielding energy requirement enfuvirtide energy reserve products engage 237 engagement engagement enkephalins engineer enlarge engineered enlarged engineering enlarged lymph nodes engorged enlargement engorged with blood enlist engorgement enol engulf enolate engulfed enormously swollen engulfing enrich engulfment of the bacteria enriched enhance enriched blood leukocyte fraction enhanced enriched environments enhanced cardiac automaticity enriched medium enhanced defenses enrichment enhanced greenhouse effect enrichment broth enhanced population enrichment medium enhanced production enrichment problems enhancement ensemble enhancement of immunity ensheath enhancer entamebosis enhancer domain entamoebas enhancer element Entamoeba enhancer function Entamoeba histolytica enhancer motifs entangled enhancer regions entanglement enhancer sequence enter enkephalin cells enteral 238 enteral cycle enteral cycle enterocyte receptors enteral infections enterocytes enteric enteroendocrine cells enteric bacteria enterohemorrhagic E. coli enteric division enterohepatic circulation enteric fever enteroinvasive E. coli enteric nervous system enterokinase enteric salmonellosis enteropathogenic enteric serovars enteropathogenic bacteria enteric system enteropathogenic E. coli enteric viruses enteropeptidase enteritis enteropneusts enteritis necroticans entero-test enteroaggregative E. coli enterotoxic E. coli enteroaggregative heat stable toxin enterotoxigenic enterobacteria enterotoxin genes Enterobacteriaceae enterotoxin LT enterobactin enterotoxins enterobiasis enteroviral enterobiosis enteroviruses Enterobius vermicularis enthalpy enterochelin entomologist enterochromaffin cells entomology enterochromaffin-like cells entorhinal cortex enterococci entrained enterocoely entrap enterocolitis entropy enterocyte proliferation entry 239 entry point environmental distribution entry point environmental disturbances ENU environmental effects enucleated environmental exposure enucleation environmental extremes enuresis environmental factors envelop environmental feature envelope environmental fluctuations envelope glycoprotein environmental gradient envelope glycoproteins environmental influences envelope proteins environmental issues enveloped environmental limits envenomation environmental movement environment environmental niche environments environmental perturbations environmental environmental pollutants environmental antigens environmental pressures environmental challenges environmental problems environmental changes environmental quality environmental circumstances environmental conditions environmental remediation and restoration of degraded land environmental contamination environmental resources environmental contributions environmental sample environmental correlations environmental sanitation measures environmental cues environmental science environmental decision making environmental sensitivity environmental degradation environmental sex determination environmental demands environmental shock 240 environmental signal environmental signal enzymatic proteins environmental stimulation enzymatic reaction environmental stress enzymatic system environmental stress hormone enzymatically environmental stressors enzyme environmental sustainability enzyme action environmental temperature enzyme activation environmental threat enzyme activators environmental upheaval enzyme activities environmental variables enzyme activity environmental variance enzyme and substrate environmentalism enzyme cascades environmentally enzyme complexes environmentally canalized enzyme defect environmentally hazardous enzyme electrophoresis environment's resources enzyme histology environment's spatial structure enzyme immunoassay enzootic enzyme inhibition enzymatic enzyme inhibitors enzymatic activity enzyme loci enzymatic character enzyme molecules enzymatic cleavage enzyme part of the receptor enzymatic energy-producing system enzyme pathway enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme patterns enzymatic immunoassay enzyme portion of the receptor enzymatic immunosorbence test enzyme precursor enzymatic mechanism enzyme probe enzymatic properties enzyme reaction 241 enzyme regulation enzyme regulation eosinophilic basic proteins enzyme substrates eosinophilic debris enzyme system eosinophilic esophagitis enzyme target eosinophilic exudate enzyme test eosinophilic granulocytes enzyme-catalyzed reaction eosinophilic meningoencephalitis enzyme-catalyzed step eosinophils enzyme-coding genes epaxial muscles enzyme-coding loci EPEC enzyme-controlled reaction EPEC adhesion factor enzyme-coupled antibody ependymal cells enzyme-inhibiting compounds Ephedra enzyme-labeled antibodies ephedrine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ephemeral enzyme-linked receptors epiblast enzyme's cleavage sites epiblast cells enzyme-substrate complex epicanthus enzymic epicardial enzymically synthesized epicardial leads Eocene epoch epicardium eon epicillin eosin epicondyle eosin Y epicondylitis eosinophil cationic protein epicontinental eosinophil CFU epicotyl eosinophil-derived neurotoxin epicranial aponeurosis eosinophilia epidemic eosinophilic epidemic form 242 epidemic outbreak epidemic outbreak epididymis epidemic proportions epididymitis epidemic relapsing fever epididymoorchitis epidemic spread of the disease epidlottis epidemic strain epidural abscess epidemic typhus epidural space epidemically epifaunal animals epidemiologic marker epigastric epidemiologic survey epigastric mass epidemiological epigastric pain epidemiological facts epigastric region epidemiological reaction epigastric veins epidemiological role epigastrium epidemiological surveys epigenesis epidemiologically epigenetic epidemiologist epigenetic marks epidemiology epigenetic variation epidermal epigenetically epidermal cell epigenetics epidermal cell hairs epiglottal reflex epidermal growth factor epiglottic tubercle epidermal mite burrows epiglottis epidermal photoreceptors epiglottitis epidermal proliferation epilepsy epidermis epilepsy syndrome epidermoid epileptic seizure epidermolysis epileptics epididymal cyst epileptiform convulsions 243 epileptogenic epileptogenic epistatic incompatibility epileptogenic foci epistatic interactions epimastigote epistatically interacting loci epinephrine epistaxis epineurium epithalamic commissure epiphyseal fractures epithalamus epiphyseal line epithelia epiphyses epithelial epiphysial closure epithelial barriers epiphysial plate epithelial buds epiphyte epithelial cadherin epiphytic vegetation epithelial cells epiploic appendages epithelial cilia epiploic appendix epithelial coverings epiploic foramen epithelial layer epiploon epithelial lining episclera epithelial membrane episcleral epithelial pearls episcleral venous system epithelial proliferation episode epithelial sodium channel episodic epithelial tissue episodic memory epithelioid cells episomal state epithelium episomally epithelium episomes epitope epistasis epitope component of an antigen epistatic epitope reaction epistatic gene interactions epitope tag 244 epitope-tagged epitope-tagged Equids epitympanic recess Equidae epizootic equilibrated epizooties equilibrium EPO equilibrium centrifugation epoophoron equilibrium density gradient centrifugation epoxyeicosatrienoic acid equilibrium diversity epsilon equilibrium frequency of heterozygotes epsilon proteobacteria equilibrium level of heterozygosity epsilon toxin equilibrium level of variation EPSP equilibrium number Epstein pearls equilibrium number of species Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen equilibrium point Epstein-Barr virus equilibrium position Eptatretus stoutii equilibrium potential equal in age equimolar equal in size equine equalize equine antibodies equally equine encephalitis virus equally parsimonious equine encephalitis viruses equational division equinox equator equipment equator of the lens equipped with equatorial equivalence equatorial Africa equivalence concentration equatorial plate equivalence point equatorial rain forest equivalence zone equatorial region equivalent 245 equivalent daughter cells equivalent daughter cells ergots equivocal erode ER eroded ER cisternae erosion ER lumen erosion by wind ER membrane erosion of genes eradicate erosion of genetic diversity eradication erosion of limestone erasure erratic Erb-Duchenne palsy erratically erect error erect position error in base pairing erect posture error prone erect stance error rate erectile corpora error-free erectile dysfunction error-prone erectile mass error-prone repair erectile tissue ertapenem erectile tissue of the bulb of the penis eructation erectile tissue of the perineum erupt erection eruption erector spinae erysipelas erector spinae group erysipeloid erector spinae muscle erythema ergosterol erythema chronicum migrans ergot compounds erythema infectiosum ergot disease erythema migrans ergotism erythema nodosum 246 erythema toxicum erythema toxicum erythroid hypoplasia erythematous erythroid lineage erythematous joint erythroid precursor cells erythematous rash erythroid precursors erythroblastopenia erythromycin erythroblastosis erythrophagocytosis erythroblastosis fetalis erythropoiesis erythroblasts erythropoietic erythrocyte antigens erythropoietin erythrocyte precursor cells erythrovirus erythrocyte receptors ES cells erythrocyte surface ESAT-6 erythrocytes ESBL erythrocytic escape erythrocytic cycle escape behavior erythrocytic development escape from lysogeny erythrocytic forms escape maneuver erythrocytic membrane escape mutants erythrocytic phase escape phenomenon erythrocytic schizogonic cycle escape-and-radiate coevolution erythrocytic schizogony eschar erythrocytic schizonts Escherichia coli erythrocytic stage E-selectin erythrocytic stages ESI-quadrupole systems erythrogenic toxin E-site erythroid eslivate erythroid CFU esophageal erythroid hyperplasia esophageal achalasia 247 esophageal arteries esophageal arteries essential minerals esophageal atresia essential nutrients esophageal constriction essential physiological functions esophageal food impaction essential to life esophageal hiatus essentialism esophageal mucosa essentialist esophageal plexus EST sequences esophageal pouch establish esophageal reflux established ecosystem esophageal rupture establishment esophageal stricture ester esophageal varices esterases esophageal veins esterification esophageal wall esterified esophagectomy estimates esophagitis estivate esophagogastric junction estivation esophagus estradiol espundia estriol essential estrogen essential for estrogen levels essential amino acids estrogen output essential catalytic estrogen receptors essential developmental determinants estrogenic essential ecological estrogenic activity essential element estrogens essential fatty acids estrone essential hypertension estrous cycle 248 estrus estrus ethmoidal sinus estrus phase ethnic estuarine ecosystems ethnicity estuarine organisms ethological isolation estuary ethologist ETCO ethology ETEC ethyl alcohol ethambutol ethyl chloride ethane ethyl methane sulfonate ethanol ethyl nitrosourea ethanolamine ethylene ethene ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid ether ethylene glycol ether linkages ethylene oxide ether phospholipid ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ether sensitivity ethylhydrocupreine dihydrochloride ethereal sulfates ethylnitrosourea ether-linked membrane lipids etiocholanolone ethidium bromide etiocholanolone fever ethinyl estradiol etiolation ethionamide etiolation response Ethiopian realm etiologic ethmoid bone etiologic agent ethmoid sinus etiological ethmoidal arteries etiological confirmation ethmoidal cells etiological diagnosis ethmoidal foramina etiological verification ethmoidal nerve etiology 249 eubacteria eubacteria euphausids eucalyptus tree euphorb eucarya Euphorbia euchromatin euphoria eudicots, Eudicotyledones euphoric euglenids, Euglenophyta euphotic zone euglenozoans euploid eukarote genes Eurasian eukaryotes Eurasian plate eukaryotic European chicken flea eukaryotic animal cells European corn borer eukaryotic cell organization European tickborne encephalitis eukaryotic cells euryarchaeotes eukaryotic cytoskeleton euryhaline eukaryotic elongation factor 2 eurypterids eukaryotic gene expression eusocial eukaryotic gene regulation eusociality eukaryotic genome structure Eustachian tube eukaryotic heterotrophs euthanize eukaryotic nucleus eutherians, eutherian mammals eukaryotic organism euthyroid eukaryotic protists eutrophic eukaryotic RNA viruses eutrophication eumetazoans, Eumetazoa evade eumycetes evaginate eunuch evaginated eunuchoid proportions evagination eunuchoidism evaluate 250 evaluation evaluation evoke Evans blue evoked potential evaporate evoked responses evaporation evolution evaporative cooling evolution at random evaporative heat loss evolution by exon shuffling evaporative loss evolution of diversity evaporative pull of transpiration evolution of individuals evaporative stresses evolution of primates evaporative water loss evolution of taxonomic diversity evapotranspiration evolutionarily EVAR evolutionarily conserved evasion evolutionarily significant units even evolutionarily speaking even sex ratio evolutionarily successful evenly evolutionary evenly spaced pattern of dispersion evolutionary adaptation event evolutionary ancient even-toed hoofed mammals evolutionary anthropology events of early development evolutionary biologist evergreen evolutionary biology eversion evolutionary conservation evert evolutionary convergence evict evolutionary dead end evidence evolutionary developmental biology evident evolutionary divergence evisceration evolutionary ecology evo-devo evolutionary effect 251 evolutionary forces evolutionary forces evolutionary stress evolutionary geneticist evolutionary studies evolutionary genetics evolutionary synthesis evolutionary genomics evolutionary systematic approach evolutionary history evolutionary systematics evolutionary hypotheses evolutionary terms evolutionary innovation evolutionary theory evolutionary interest evolutionary time evolutionary kinship evolutionary time scale evolutionary line evolutionary topics evolutionary lineage evolutionary transformations evolutionary mechanisms evolutionary tree evolutionary novelty evolutionary trend evolutionary offshoot evolutionary variation evolutionary pathway evolution-creationism controversy evolutionary pattern evolutionist evolutionary perspective evolvability evolutionary principles evolve evolutionary process evolve convergently evolutionary progress evolve in concert evolutionary psychology evolve resistance evolutionary radiation ewe evolutionary relatedness ex situ conservation evolutionary relationships ex situ conservation measures evolutionary reversal ex vivo evolutionary species concept exacerbate evolutionary stable strategy exact evolutionary step exactly alike 252 exaggerate exaggerate excessively exaggerated exchange exaggerated reaction exchange blood transfusion examination exchange cycle examination method exchange gases in air examine exchange of energy exanthem exchange surface exanthem subitum exchange transfusion exanthema exchanger exanthema subitum exchanging genes exanthematous excise exanthemous excised specimen exaptation excision excavates excision repair Excavata excision repair genes excavate excision repair mechanism excavate superfamily excitable excavation of breeding cavities excitation excavations excitation filter exceed excitation peak exceeding excitation-contraction coupling excess excitative stage excess body weight excitatory excess heat excitatory activity excessive excitatory effect excessive activity excitatory impulse excessive fetal growth excitatory junction potentials excessive oral secretions excitatory postsynaptic potential 253 excitatory potential excitatory potential excretory tubules excitatory transmitter excruciating pain excite excurrent siphon excited excyst excited state excystation excitement excystment excitement phase exercise excitotoxic exercise a regulatory effect excitotoxin exercise impairment exclusion exercise intolerance exclusive outcrosser exercise performance exclusive selfer exercise tolerance excoriation of the skin exercising excoriations exergonic excrements exergonically excrescences exert excreta exertion excrete exertional dyspnea excreters exertional rhabdomyolysis excretion exfoliated excretory exfoliatins excretory apparatus exfoliation excretory ducts exfoliative toxin excretory opening exfoliative toxins excretory organs exhalation excretory pores exhale excretory structures exhaled excretory system exhaled air 254 exhaustion exhaustion exogenous system exhaustive exogenously introduced exhaustive T-cell induction exon exhibit exon duplication exhumed human remains exon loss existence exon shuffling exit exon shuffling event exit site exon skipping exit tunnel exon splicing exitus exonuclease exocrine exonuclease activity exocrine cells exopeptidases exocrine glands exophthalmia exocyclic exophthalmos exocytosis exopolysaccharide exocytotic exoskeleton exocytotic mechanism exospore exoenzyme S exotic species exoenzymes exotoxin A exoerythrocytic cycle exotoxins exoerythrocytic development expand exogenous expandable exogenous agents expanded exogenous infections expanding human population exogenous noxae expansile exogenous pathway expansins exogenous reproduction expansion exogenous sources expansive 255 expected heterozygosity expected heterozygosity expiratory reserve volume expectorated expiratory volume expectoration expiratory wheezes expel expired air expelled air explicit memory expend exploit expenditure exploitation experience exploitation competition experience of emotions exploitative experiment exploratory experimental explore experimental allergic encephalitis exploring electrode experimental animals explosive experimental control explosive decompression experimental evidence explosive onset of watery diarrhea experimental group explosive radiation experimental manipulations explosively experimental model exponential experimental results exponential growth experimentally exponential growth equation experimentally confirmed exponential growth phase experimentally manipulated exponential model experimentally treated exponential phase experimenter exponential phase expiration exponential growth phase expiratory effort exponential population growth expiratory grunting exponentially expiratory muscles export 256 exportins exportins expulsion expose expulsion apparatus exposed expunge exposing exsanguination exposure exsiccosis exposure history exstrophy exposure prevention extant exposure prophylactic measures extant life exposure prophylaxis extend exposure time extend away exposure to light extend deep into exposure to the sun extended express extended daylight expressed extended drought expressed sequence tags extended spectrum betalactamases expressed sequences extended spectrum beta-lactamases expressing extended-spectrum expression extendible expression difference extending expression libraries extension expression microarray extension of the pubis expression of dominance extension of the thrombus expression of genes extensions expression pattern extensions of the cuticle expression profile extensions of their cytoplasm expression profiling extensive expression vector extensive data expressivity extensive habitat destruction 257 extensive hemorrhaging extensive hemorrhaging exterminate extensive homology external extensive hunting external acoustic meatus extensive immunopathological damage external anal sphincter extensive research external auditory canal extensively external auditory meatus extensively drug-resistant strain external auditory meatus extensively studied external carotid artery extensor external carotid circulation extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle external cell structures extensor carpi radialis longus muscle external cervical os extensor carpi ulnaris muscle external covering extensor digiti minimi muscle external ear extensor digitorum external ear opening extensor digitorum brevis external fertilization extensor digitorum longus external genital structures extensor digitorum muscle external genitalia extensor hallucis brevis external gills extensor hallucis longus muscle external hemorrhage extensor hood external iliac artery extensor indicis muscle external iliac nodes extensor pollicis brevis muscle external iliac plexus extensor pollicis longus muscle external iliac vein extensor response external inguinal ring extensor retinacula external intercostal extent external intercostal membrane exterior external intercostal muscle exterior house walls external jugular vein 258 external limiting membrane external limiting membrane externally external massage externally fertilizing external nasal nerve exteroceptive impulses external nasal nerves exteroceptor external nose extinct external oblique aponeurosis extinction external oblique muscle extinction coefficient external occipital crest extinction event external occipital protuberance extinction rate external os extinction vortex external os of the cervical canal extinction-prone external otitis extinction-resistant external pallidum extinguished external phase extirpated external popliteal nerve extorsion external pouch extra external pterygoid extra digits external pudendal arteries extra light external pudendal blood vessels extraadrenal external pudendal veins extraadrenal tissues external respiration extra-anatomical external rotation extra-axial lesion external segment of the pallidum extracapsular arterial ring external spermatic fascia extracapsular ligament external sulci extracardiac external transcribed spacers extracellular external urethral orifice extracellular components external urethral sphincter extracellular digestion 259 extra-cellular environment extra-cellular environment extradural space extracellular fluid extraembryonic extracellular fluid volume extraembryonic membrane extracellular freezing extra-erythrocytic extracellular hormone signal extrafibrillar matrix extracellular matrix extrafusal fibers extracellular medium extraglomerular mesangial cells extracellular molecules extragonadal extracellular pH extragonadal tissues extracellular side extrahepatic extracellular signal extrahepatic biliary system extracellular spaces extrahepatic biliary tract extracellularly extrahepatic biliary tree extracerebral hematoma extrahilar accessory renal arteries extrachromosomal extrahilar arteries extrachromosomally extraintestinal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation extraintestinal amebosis extracranial extraintestinal cycle extracranial ultrasound extraintestinal phase extract extraintestinal yersiniosis extracted extralymphatic extraction extralymphatically extraction mediums extramedullary hematopoiesis extraction of O2 extramesenteric extraction procedure extraneural extraction ratio extranuclear genes extradural hematoma extraocular movements extradural hemorrhage extraocular muscle cone 260 extraocular muscles extraocular muscles extremes of temperature extra-pair copulation extremity extra-pair female extremophiles extra-pair fertilizations extricate extra-pair males extrinsic extraperitoneal fascia extrinsic allergic alveolitis extraperitoneal fat extrinsic innervation extraperitoneally extrinsic muscles extrapersonal extrinsic muscles of the back extrapulmonary extrinsic pathway extrapulmonary gas extrinsic sphincter extrapulmonary manifestations extrinsic system extrapulmonary tuberculosis extrude extrapyramidal movement disorder extruded extrapyramidal symptoms extrusion extrapyramidal system exudate extrasystoles exudation extraterrestrial exudative extrathyroidal exude extravasate eye extravasated blood eye blink reflex extravasation eye changes extravascular eye cup extreme eye damage extreme blood loss eye infections extreme halophiles eye lens extreme phenotypes eye movement extreme thermophiles eye movement response 261 eye ointment eye ointment eye socket eye span eyeball eyeball movements eyecups eyed eye-hand coordination eyelash follicles eyelid closure eyelid edema eyelids eyepiece eyes eyes directed forward eyesight eyespot eyespots eyestalk 262 F facial nerve F facial nerve palsy F antigen facial obesity F cells facial pulse F factor facial sensation F pili facial skeleton F plasmids facial space abscess F. gigantica facial spasm F+ cell facial vein FA facilitate Fab fragments facilitated diffusion face dermis facilitation face presentation facilitation effects facet facilitators faceted facilitatory facial facility facial anatomy FACS facial artery FACS equipment facial bones factor facial canal factor oligomycin facial distortion factor XII facial features facultative facial gland secretions facultative anaerobes facial hair facultative intracellular facial lesions facultative mutualism facial movements facultative pathogens facial muscles facultatively anaerobic facial musculature facultatively pathogenic 263 fade out fade out fallow fields faecal sample false coelom fail false feet failed false finger failure false pelvis failure in self-tolerance false positive failure of chromosomes to separate false ribs failure of ovarian development false vocal cord failure rate false-color scanning optical micrograph failure to ovulate false-positive reaction failure to thrive falsifiable faint falsification fainted falsify fainting falx cerebelli faintly staining falx cerebri fairy ring familial fairy shrimp familial relationships falciform ligament family falciparum malaria family doctor fall family Felidae fall away family group fall turnover family history fallen family outbreaks fallen leaves family pedigree analysis fallen log family pedigrees falling phase family planning falling tide family relationships fallopian tube family resemblance 264 family size family size fascia lata family tree fascial family Ursidae fascial canal fan of feathers fascial compartment fan out fascial planes fanglike fascial retinacula fangs fascial sheath of the eyeball fan-shaped fascial spaces FAP fascicles far apart fascicular block fardel fascicular muscle twitching far-flying fasciculations farm fasciitis farm land Fasciola gigantica farmer fasciola hepatica farmer's lung fascioliasis farming fasciolosis farming method fast atrial fibrillation farming practices fast block to polyspermy farmland fast fibers farmland habitat fast pain farmlands fast-acting farnesyl fast-conducting farnesyl group fast-conducting fibers far-ranging fasted far-red light fast-frequency rhythm Fas fast-glycolytic fibers fascia fast-growing 265 fastidious fastidious fatigue upon exercise fastidious growth requirements fats fastidious nutritional requirements fat-soluble fastidious properties fat-storing fastigial nuclei fatty fasting fatty acid chains fast-moving electron fatty acid oxidation defects fast-oxidative fibers fatty acid synthase complex fast-swimming fatty acids fast-twitch fibers fatty acyl fast-twitch glycolytic fatty deposits fast-twitch oxidative fibers fatty material fat breakdown fatty streaks fat cells fatty tissue fat depots faulty fat digestion fauna fat droplets faunal composition fat hoarding faunal province fat metabolism favor fat pads favorable energetically fatal favorable traits fatal degenerative brain disease Favre-Durand-Nicolas disease fatal familial insomnia F-box fate F-box protein fate maps Fc end fate-mapping studies Fc fragment father Fc portion fatigue 266 Fc receptor Fc receptor febrile stage F-cells febrile state FcR febrile-glandular Fd fecal FDCs fecal antigen Fe fecal contamination Fe2+ fecal culture Fe3+ fecal debris feared fecal droppings fearsome fecal elimination feasible fecal excretion feather crest fecal flora feather stars fecal material feather-bearing fecal matter feathered fecal samples feather-footed fecal shedding feathers fecal specimens feathers fecal-hand-mouth transmission feathery fecally contaminated feathery crinoids fecal-oral features fecal-oral pathway febrile fecal-oral route febrile attacks fecaluria febrile condition feces febrile convulsions fecundity febrile episodes -fed febrile illness fed by febrile patterns fed into 267 fed on fed on feeding library feeble feeding mechanism feed feeding movements feed back feeding preference feed into feeding relationships feedback feeding stage feedback feeding territory feedback circuit feeding ticks feedback control feeding tube feedback effects feeling emotions feedback information feeling states feedback inhibition feet feedback loop felid species feedback mechanism Felidae feedback regulation feline leukemia feedback signal felt feedback system female feeder female bee feed-forward inhibition female behavior feeding female cells feeding adaptation female characteristics feeding area female condom feeding behavior female cones feeding center female development feeding failure female effort feeding ground female escutcheon feeding group female gametophyte feeding habit female genital organs 268 female genitalia female genitalia fencing position female hormones fend off female horse fenestrated female offspring fenestration female pronucleus fenestrations female pseudohermaphroditism fenland habitats female sex organs ferment female sterilization fermentable feminised fermentation feminising hormones fermentation chambers femoral fermentation enzymes femoral artery fermentation pathway femoral canal fermentation processes femoral fracture fermentative femoral head fermentative end products femoral hernia fermentative metabolism femoral neck fermentative pathways femoral neck fracture fermenter femoral nerve fern fronds femoral pulse fernlike femoral shaft ferns femoral shaft fracture ferredoxin femoral sheath ferric femoral triangle ferric ammonium citrate femoral vein ferric hydroxyphosphate femur ferriprotoporphyrin femur bones ferritin fenced ferritin mRNA 269 ferroportin 1 ferroportin 1 fetal arteries ferrous fetal calf serum contains ferrous ions fetal cardiac output fertile fetal cells fertile period fetal damage fertility fetal development fertility declines fetal distress fertility drugs fetal distress fertility factor fetal head fertility rate fetal hemoglobin fertility schedule fetal hypoxemia fertility-inducing agents fetal infection fertilization fetal life fertilization cone fetal membranes fertilization envelope fetal movements fertilization process fetal pelvis fertilization success fetal position fertilize fetal red blood cells fertilized fetal testing fertilized artificially fetal thymus tissue fertilized egg fetal ultrasound fertilized ovum fetus fescue FEV1 fetal fever fetal abnormalities fever blisters fetal adrenal FFA fetal adrenal cortex FGF fetal alcohol syndrome FHA 270 fiber fiber fibrocartilaginous collar fibers fibrocartilaginous menisci fiber cells fibrocytes fiberlike fibroelastic ligament fiberoptic endoscope fibroelastic membrane fiber-optic instrument fibroelastic membrane of the larynx fibrates fibro-elastic tissue fibrillar condensations fibroid fibrillate fibroin fibrillations fibromuscular fibrils fibronectin fibrin fibronectin-binding protein fibrin clot fibro-osseous fibrin deposits fibro-osseous tunnel fibrin monomer fibrose fibrin web fibrosed fibrinogen fibroserous fibrinolysin fibrosing granulation tissue fibrinolysis fibrosis fibrinolytic fibrotic fibrinolytic system fibrotic changes fibrinopeptides fibrous fibroblast cells fibrous astrocytes fibroblast growth factor fibrous band fibroblast interferon fibrous cap fibroblasts fibrous capsule fibrocartilage fibrous capsule of the prostate fibrocartilaginous fibrous changes 271 fibrous connective tissue fibrous connective tissue fibularis longus muscle fibrous corium fibularis tertius fibrous digital sheaths Fick's law of diffusion fibrous epicardium Ficoll density gradient centrifugation fibrous inferior tibiofibular joint Ficoll gradient fibrous joints fidelity fibrous layer fidelity of DNA replication fibrous membrane field fibrous pericardium field capacity fibrous proteins field chickweed fibrous ring field data fibrous root system field experiments fibrous sheaths of toes field inversion gel electrophoresis fibrous sheats field mice fibrous tissue field mouse-ear chickweed fibrous tunnels field observations fibrovascular field of research fibula field of study fibular field of view fibular artery field of vision fibular collateral ligament field population fibular head field site fibular neck field station fibular nerve palsy field study fibular notch field trials fibular retinacula field-captured fibular trochlea field-grown fibularis brevis muscle fields for planting 272 fieldwork fieldwork filariform larva fifth cervical spinal cord segment Filarioidea fifth disease filariosis fifth intercostal interspace files of cells fig wasp filial generation FIGE filiform papillae fight filled fight or flight hormone filling fight-or-flight response filling defects filament film filament film of mucus filament of cells filopodia filamentous filopods filamentous algae filovirus filamentous bacteria filter filamentous cyanobacteria filter feeder filamentous form filter hybridization filamentous fungi filter layer filamentous hemagglutinin filter paper filamentous material filterable agents filamentous phages filtered filaments filtrate filariae filtration filarial antigens filtration filarial infection filtration coefficient filarial nematodes filtration equilibrium filarial species filtration membrane filariasis filtration plant 273 filtration pressure filtration pressure fine touch filtration slit fine-grained filtration surface area fine-tune filtration system fine-tuning of the response filum terminale fine-tuning the control systems fimbria finger bone fimbriae finger claws fimbriae of the fallopian tube fingered fimbrial fingerlike fimbrial adhesins fingernail beds fimbrial cysts fingerprint fimbriated fingers fin finished viruses fin skeleton finite final finlike final common path finned final electron acceptor fir forest final host fire final image fire ants final maturation fire-adapted finch-billed firefly finches firefly luciferase finding fire-resistant findings fire-sensitive finds fireworm fine firing fine crackles firing level fine elastic tissue firing rate 274 firm firm fish kills firm-hoofed animals fish tapeworm first breast feeding Fisherian runaway process first costal cartilage fishery first cousin fishing first culture fishing and shrimping nets first division of the fifth nerve fishing ground first meiotic division fishing operations first messenger fishlike first milk fishmeal first molar teeth fission first part of the duodenum fission first polar body fission cycle first posterior intercostal vein fissure first premolar tooth fissured first strand synthesis fistula first thoracic dermatome fistula secretion first toe fistulae first web space fistular ducts first-born fit first-degree contact FITC first-degree heart block fitness first-line drug fitness components first-order reaction fitness of the environment first-stage larvae fitness trade-off FISH fitness value fish eggs fitness-related trait fish farm fitted with 275 fitter genotype fitter genotype flagellate species five-carbon sugars flagellate stage five-day fever flagellated five-kingdom classification flagellated cells fix flagellates fixation flagellin fixation index flagellin proteins fixation of carbon flagellum fixation of complement flail chest fixation of the fate flake off fixed flaking fixed action pattern flamboyant fixed by the C3 pathway flame bulbs fixed carbon flame cells fixed cells flammable flaccid flank flaccid paralysis flank pain flaccid paralysis of the musculature flank region flaccidity flanked by flagella flanking flagellar flanking DNA flagellar antigens consisting of protein flanking region flagellar end flanking sequence flagellar H antigen flap flagellar pocket flare flagellar protein flare out flagellar tip flare up flagellate flare-ups 276 flaring of the nostrils flaring of the nostrils flesh flies flashbacks flesh-colored flask flesh-eating flask-shaped fleshiness flat fleshy flat bone flex flat cells flexed flat juvenile warts flexed posture flat lichens flexibility flat muscles flexibility in base pairing flatten flexible flattened flexing flatulence flexion flatus flexor flatworms flexor accessorius flavin adenine dinucleotide flexor carpi radialis muscle flavin mononucleotide flexor carpi ulnaris muscle flaviviruses, Flaviviridae flexor digiti minimi brevis flavonoids flexor digitorum brevis flavoprotein flexor digitorum longus flavoprotein-cytochrome chain flexor digitorum profundus muscle flax rust flexor digitorum superficialis muscle flea fecal material flexor hallucis brevis fleabites flexor hallucis longus fleas flexor muscle spindles fledgling flexor muscles fleeting flexor pollicis brevis flesh flexor pollicis longus muscle 277 flexor retinaculum flexor retinaculum floating leaves flexor tendons floating ribs flick floats flicker flocculation flicker flocculonodular lobe flickering flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum flickering flames flocculus flickers flock flies flock of birds flight flood flight capacity flood control flight equipment flood plain flight feathers flood protection flight height flood tolerance flight muscle cells flooded flight muscles flooded wetlands flight path flooding flight pattern flooding of fields flightless floor flightless bird floor of intertubercular sulcus flip-flop floor of mouth flipped out floor of the axilla flipper floor of the cranial cavity flipperlike floor of the inguinal canal float floor of the mouth floater floor of the oral cavity floater floor of the orbit floating 278 floor of the pharynx floor of the pharynx flow flora flow backward floral flow cytometer floral bud flow cytometry floral glands flow from mucosa floral growth flow of energy floral meristem identity genes flow of genetic information floral organ flow regulation floral organ primordium flow upward floral parts flower floral pattern flower cells floral patterning system flower cluster floral primordium flower design floral province flower development floral shape flower parts floral signaling flower petioles floral stalk flower position floral stimulus flower stalk floral structure flower temperature floral tube flowered florid flower-inducing signal florid plaques flower-inducing substance florigen flowering florist flowering hormone flotation flowering plants flotation method flowering stalk flotation technique flowering stimulus flourish flowering time 279 flowerlike flowerlike fluid outside the plasma membrane flowers of deceit fluid released by lymph nodes flower-spray endings fluid state flowing water fluid transudation flowing-water ecosystems fluid wave flow-limited fluid-filled flow-volume curve fluidity flu strain fluke flu virus protein flukes flucloxacillin flulike fluconazole flumethrin fluctuate flunitrazepam fluctuating fluoresce fluctuations fluorescein fluent aphasia fluorescein isothiocyanate fluffy fluorescence fluid fluorescence detection fluid and electrolyte abnormalities fluorescence detector fluid and electrolyte balance fluorescence emission fluid and electrolyte homeostasis fluorescence micrograph fluid balance of the body fluorescence microscope fluid feeders fluorescence microscopy fluid homeostasis fluorescence-activated cell sorter fluid imbalance fluorescent fluid intake fluorescent antibodies fluid loss fluorescent antibody stain fluid mosaic model fluorescent applications fluid mosaic structure fluorescent dye 280 fluorescent in situ hybridization fluorescent in situ hybridization flush fluorescent LM flush out fluorescent marker flushing fluorescent micrograph flushing fluid fluorescent molecule flushing fluid from bronchoalveolar lavage fluorescent probe flutter fluorescent proteins fly maggots fluorescent screen fly upward fluorescent substance flycatcher birds fluorescent tag flying fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test flying style fMet-initiator tRNA fluorescent-labeled antibody FMRF amide fluorescently fMRI fluorescently tagged FMRP fluorescing bands foal fluoridated foam cells fluorides foamy virus fluorinated 4-quinolones focal fluorine focal adhesion fluorochrome focal adhesion complex fluorochrome method focal hepatocyte necrosis fluorochrome stain focal ischemic lesion fluorometer focal lesions fluorophore focal population fluoroquinolones focal skin swellings fluoroscope focally fluoxetine foci 281 focus focus folic acid focus of infection folinic acid focused foliose lichens folate folium folate metabolism follicle fold follicle cells fold back follicle cells fold down follicles fold of mucosa follicle-stimulating hormone fold of skin follicular fold together follicular atresia fold up follicular conjunctivitis folded follicular dendritic cells folded inward follicular fluid folded out follicular growth folding follicular phase folding catalysts folliculitis folding of polypeptide chain folliculostellate cells folding pattern follistatins folding process follow folding trap followed by folds follow circadian rhythms folds of peritoneum follow-up folds of the arbor vitae fomes foliage fomites foliage leaves fontanel foliate papillae fontanelle foliated crowns of trees food 282 food bodies food bodies foods food chain food-storage granules food chain length foodstuffs food crops food-web diagrams food fragments food-web dynamics food intake fool’s gold food items foot food materials foot contact food molecules foot drop food particles foot of the gyrus food poisoning foot of the postcentral gyrus food processing foot pads food products foot processes food refusal foot processes of podocytes food reserves foot-and-mouth disease food search behavior footplate of the stapes food shortages footprint of a protein food source footprinting experiments food storage footprints food stores foot-tapping rhythm food substances for food supply for research purposes food vacuole for scientific study food web forage foodborne botulism forage mites foodborne illness forager food-gathering arms foragers food-obtaining behavior foraging 283 foraging area forced expiratory flow foraging area forced expiratory volume in one second foraging behavior forced inhalation foraging height forced vital capacity foraging path force-feeding foraging trip forceful foram tests forces foramen forearm foramen cecum forearm vein foramen cecum of tongue forebrain foramen lacerum forefoot foramen magnum foregut foramen of Magendie forehead foramen ovale foreign foramen rotundum foramen spinosum foreign antigen-class I MHC glycoprotein complex foramen transversarium foreign antigen-class II MHC complex foramina foreign antigen-class II MHC glycoprotein complex foramina of Luschka foramina of Monro foreign antigen-MHC class II antigen complex foraminiferans, Foraminifera foreign antigen-MHC complex forams foreign body forbs foreign body infections force foreign cells forced foreign DNA segments forced copulation foreign gene forced exhalation foreign matter forced expiration foreign particles 284 foreign tissue grafts foreign tissue grafts fork foreign-body infections forked foreleg form forelimbs form of communication forensic science form of vegetation forerunner formaldehyde foreskin formaldehyde gas forespore formalin forest formalinized forest canopy formamide forest damage formation forest decline formation of a spore forest dwellers formation of coral reefs forest ecosystem formation of gametes forest floor formations forest interior formed forest manager formic acid forest patches Formicariidae forest path formidable forest products formin forest reserve formless forest soil formula forest-dwelling formula-fed infant forested area formulate forested regions formulation forestry formyl group forewings formylmethionine forge fornices 285 fornix fossil site fornix fossil species fortify fossil strata forward and reverse reactions fossil stromatolite reefs forward mutagenic primers fossil-bearing forward mutations fossilization forward primer fossilize forward-facing fossilized forward-pointing eyes fossilized cells foscarnet fossilized remains fosfomycin fossils embedded in rocks fossa foster fossa navicularis foster mother fossa ovalis foster parents fossae foudroyant fossil foul-smelling fossils found fossil discovery foundation species fossil evidence foundation stock fossil finds founder fossil formation founder cell fossil fragments founder effect fossil fuel founder effect speciation fossil fuel combustion founder population fossil intermediates founder-effect speciation fossil lineages founding fossil record founding event fossil samples founding population 286 four-carbon four-carbon fracture of the midfoot four-cell stage fracture of the neck of the talus four-chambered heart fracture pattern fourchette fracture with compression fourfold-degenerate third-base positions fractured four-legged fragile four-limbed fragile site four-sided fragile X mental retardation protein fourth part of the duodenum fragile X syndrome fourth ventricle fragment four-way junction fragmentary four-winged fragmentation fovea fragmented fovea centralis fragrant foveola frail foxglove frame fractalkine frameshift fraction frameshift mutagens fractional clearance frameshift mutation fractionate frameshifting fractionated inoculation framework fractionation framing fractionation on two-dimensional gels francisellae fracture frank fractures Frank-Starling curve fracture face frataxin fracture line fraternal twins fracture of the head of radius frayed ends 287 free free free-running free Ca2+ concentration free-running periods free energy free-standing free energy of activation free-swimming free fatty acids free-swimming larval stage free form freeze free radicals freeze-fracture free ribosomes freeze-fracture electron microscopy free taenia freeze-fracture method free thyroxine index freezing point free triiodothyronine index freezing stress free water freezing temperature free water clearance freezing-point depression freedom fremitus freedom of movement frena free-energy change frenulum of labia minora free-energy drop frenulum of prepuce of penis free-floating frenulum of the clitoris free-floating plankton frenulum of the glans free-flying frenulum of tongue free-living frenulum of tongue free-living flatworms frenum freely frequency freely interbreeding population frequency curve freely movable joints frequency distribution freely moving frequency of recombination freely soluble frequency of reproduction free-radical damage frequency-dependent selection 288 fresh infection fresh infection frontal bone fresh isolates frontal crest fresh squash preparation frontal headache fresh water frontal lobes freshly infected frontal lobotomy freshly laid eggs frontal nerve freshly shed egg frontal pole freshwater frontal process freshwater biomes frontal section freshwater biotopes frontal sinus freshwater wetlands frontalis muscle Freund's adjuvant front-facing eyes Friedlander's pneumonia frontoethmoidal suture fright response frontolacrimal suture frigid glacial period frontonasal suture frigid temperatures frontoparietal fringe front-to-back dimension fringe wetlands frost-tolerant fringing reef frozen frog eggs fructification from fructification organs frond fructivorous front digit fructokinase front flippers fructose front teeth fructose 1,6-diphosphate frontal fructose 2,6-diphosphate frontal association area fructose diphosphate frontal belly fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 289 fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate fuel storage frugivores fugitive swellings fruit full fruit development full complement of DNA fruit eaters full siblings fruit fly full turn of the helix fruit maggot flies full-blown fruit production full-fledged fruit pulp full-length fruit ripening full-length positive-strand RNA fruit trees full-length protein fruit wall full-length transcription fruit-bearing full-term infant fruit-eating full-term neonate fruiting full-term newborn fruiting body fully frustrated phagocytosis fully adapted to life on land fruticose lichens fully assembled ribosome FSH fully charged FT3I fully developed FT4I fully differentiated cells FTA-ABS test fully double-stranded native DNA fucose fully enlarged fucose transferase fully grown fucoxanthin fully loaded fuel fully malignant cancer cell fuel molecules fully sequenced genome fuel reserves fully winged 290 fulminant fulminant functionally fumagillin functionally associated fumarate reductase functionally connected function functionally different functional functionally equivalent functional analogs functionally haploid functional areas of the cerebrum functionally inactive functional capacity functionally related functional conservation functionally retained functional constraints functionally syncytial functional design functioning functional disturbances functions of life functional divergence fundamental functional diversity fundamental niche functional domain fundamental structure functional form fundiform ligament of penis functional genomic information fundus of gallbladder functional genomics fundus of the stomach functional groups fundus of uterus functional hypoglycemia fungal functional magnetic resonance imaging fungal allergies functional module fungal animal disease functional morphological analysis fungal antigens functional MRI fungal body functional region fungal cell walls functional repertoire fungal component functional residual capacity fungal cultures functionality fungal disease 291 fungal elements fungal elements funnel-shaped fungal hyphae fur fungal infection fur color fungal mode of nutrition furanocoumarins fungal parasites furazolidone fungal partner fur-bearing animals fungal plant disease furcula fungal spores furious rabies fungal toxicoses furrier's lung fungal toxin furrow fungemia furry fungi furuncle fungi imperfecti furuncular myiasis fungi of mycorrhizae fuse fungi perfecti fused fungicidal fused cell fungicide fused spleen-myeloma product fungiform papillae fused tailbones fungilike fusicoccin fungistatic fusidic acid fungus fusiform fungus nutrient medium fusiform bacillus fungus roots fusiform gyrus funguslike fusion funiculitis fusion heterokaryotype funiculus fusion library funnel fusion of digits funnel-like fusion partner 292 fusion protein fusion protein fusion protein activity fusobacteria fuzzy colony FVC maneuver fynbos 293 GAD G G + C content G cells G protein G protein-coupled G protein-coupled receptor G protein-coupled receptors G protein-linked receptors G proteins G+C content G6PDD G0 phase G1 G1 cyclin-CDK complex G1 phase G1 progression G1 R point G2 G2 phase G6PD G6PD deficiency GA response genes GA signal transduction process GABA GABA transaminase GABAergic pathway GABA-T 294 gadflies gadolinium GAE gag gag polyprotein gag reflex gag-pol polyprotein gain gain weight gain-of-function gain-of-function mutation galactomannan galactorrhea galactosamine galactose galactosemia galactosidase galactoside permease galactoside transacetylase galacturonic acid galagos galanin Galapagos finches galea aponeurotica Galeazzi's fracture galenic gall gall fly gall fly gametogony gallbladder gametophore gallbladder disease gametophyte gallbladder mucosa gametophyte generation Galliformes gametophyte plant gallop gametophyte stage gallstones gametophyte thallus GALT gametophytic Gambian sleeping sickness gametophytic self-incompatibility game gamma benzene hexachloride game animals gamma globulin fraction of plasma game theory gamma globulins gametangia gamma irradiation gametangium gamma proteobacteria gamete formation gamma radiation gamete frequencies gamma rays gamete intrafallopian transfer gamma-aminobutyric acid gamete production gamogony gamete viability ganciclovir gamete-producing cells ganglia gametes ganglial cells gametic ganglion gametic isolation ganglion cell axons gametic selection ganglion cell layer gametic union ganglion cells gametocidal ganglion impar gametogenesis ganglionic gametogenic gangliosides 295 gangrene gangrene gas vapor sterilant gangrenous gaseous GAP gaseous compound gap gaseous diffusion gap gene gaseous emissions gap junction gaseous exchange gap penalty gaseous state gap phase gas-exchange organs gap proteins gas-phase ions gar Gasseri ganglion garden gastric garden pea gastric acid garden slugs gastric acid secretion gardnerella gastric adenocarcinoma garigue gastric aspirate stain garter snake gastric cardia Gartner’s duct gastric chief cell GAs gastric circular muscles gas gastric contractions gas chromatography gastric emptying gas constant gastric end of the esophagus gas emboli gastric enzymes gas exchange gastric fluid gas exchange gastric glands gas exchange organ gastric inhibitory polypeptide gas exchange tissues gastric juice gas gangrene gastric lipase gas transport gastric lumen 296 gastric mill gastric mill gastrointestinal gastric motility gastrointestinal bleeding gastric mucosa gastrointestinal blood flow gastric outlet obstruction gastrointestinal disease gastric pit gastrointestinal disorders gastric secretion gastrointestinal distress gastric secretory activity gastrointestinal disturbances gastric ulceration gastrointestinal function gastric ulcers gastrointestinal hormones gastric venous blood gastrointestinal infection gastric vessels gastrointestinal mucormycosis gastric zymogenic cells gastrointestinal mucosa gastrin gastrointestinal side effects gastritis gastrointestinal symptoms gastritis type B gastrointestinal system gastrocnemius muscle gastrointestinal tract gastrocolic omentum gastrointestinal ulceration gastrocolic reflex gastrointestinal viscera gastrodermal cells gastrointestinal wall gastrodermis gastro-omental gastroduodenal artery gastro-omental vessels gastroenteritis gastrophrenic ligament gastroenteropathy gastropods gastroesophageal junction Gastropoda gastroesophageal reflux gastrostomy gastroesophageal reflux disease gastrovascular gastrohepatic omentum gastrovascular cavity gastroileal reflex gastrula 297 gastrulae gastrulae gel electrophoresis gastrulating embryo gel filtration chromatography gastrulation gel lane gated gel material gated channels gel precipitation gates gel retardation gather gel shift analysis gather in pairs gelatin gathering gelatin-like gating gelatinous gavials gel-forming gazelle gel-like Gb gel-like consistency GB virus-C gemelli muscles GBV-C gemellus inferior GC gemellus superior GC geminate G-C base pairs geminate species GC organic acid assay gemma GC-rich gemmae, gemmae cups GDNF gene GDP gene activation geared toward gene activation site Geastrum saccatum gene activity gecko gene amplification gel gene analysis gel analysis gene boundaries gel diffusion methods gene chimerism 298 gene clones gene clones gene genealogy gene cloning gene gun gene cloning techniques gene homologs gene cluster gene imprinting gene combination gene inactivation gene complex gene interactions gene conversion gene introgression gene copy gene knockdown gene defects gene knockout gene delivery vector gene library gene density gene lineage gene difference gene locus gene diversification gene loss gene diversity gene loss event gene dosage gene manipulation gene duplicates gene mapping gene duplication gene mapping methods gene duplication event gene marker gene exchange gene mutations gene exons gene order gene expression gene organization gene expression machinery gene pool gene expression pattern gene pool of the population gene family gene probe gene flow gene product activity gene frequency gene products gene fusion gene promoters gene genealogies gene rearrangement 299 gene regions gene regions genealogical species concept gene regulation genealogically gene regulation sequences genealogy gene regulators gene-by-gene basis gene regulatory elements gene-coding sequence gene regulatory evolution gene-for-gene recognition gene segment gene-level selection gene selection gene-mapping studies gene sequence genera gene sequence data general gene sequences general biology gene sequencing general circulation gene silencing general circulation gene specific primer general deterioration gene swapping general fatigue gene targeting general feeling of discomfort gene therapy general health gene therapy method general health status gene transcription general immunosuppression gene transfer general initiation factor gene transfer general malaise gene transfer technology general recombination gene transplant general somatic afferents gene tree general somatic efferent fibers gene variability general somatic efferents gene vector general tissue growth genealogical general transcription factors genealogical lineage general transcriptional machinery 300 general visceral efferent fibers general visceral efferent fibers generic richness general weakness genes for self-incompatibility general well-being genes of the glycolytic pathway generalism genesis generalist predators gene-specific generalization genet generalize genetic generalized genetic "shotgun" generalized contamination genetic ability generalized immunosuppression genetic abnormalities generalized infection genetic alleles generalized systemic infection genetic analysis generalized tetanus genetic approach generalized transduction genetic assimilation generalized zoster CMV genetic balance general-onset seizures genetic barcode generate genetic basis generation genetic bottleneck generation time genetic building blocks generation time of a species genetic changes generation times genetic characteristics generative cell genetic characters generative nucleus genetic code generator potential genetic code table gene-regulating protein genetic combinations gene-replacement therapy genetic comparisons among species generic genetic compatibility generic name genetic compatibility hypothesis 301 genetic complexity genetic complexity genetic drift genetic component genetic element genetic composition genetic endowment genetic conflict genetic engineering genetic conflict between the sexes genetic engineering technique genetic constitution genetic equals genetic constraints genetic equilibrium genetic contribution genetic error-checking mechanism genetic control genetic exchange processes genetic correlation genetic factors genetic counseling genetic female genetic counselor genetic flexibility to adapt genetic cross genetic gain genetic damage genetic history genetic defects genetic hitchhiking genetic determination of sex genetic homogeneity genetic difference genetic identity genetic differentiation genetic inferiority genetic dimorphism genetic information genetic disadvantage genetic information genetic discrimination genetic inheritance genetic disease genetic instructions genetic disorder genetic introgression genetic disposition genetic involvement genetic dissimilarity genetic legacy genetic distance genetic lineages genetic divergence genetic lines genetic diversity genetic load 302 genetic loci genetic loci genetic relationships genetic locus genetic reorganization genetic makeup genetic representation genetic male genetic rescue genetic map genetic research genetic mapping experiments genetic reservoir genetic mapping studies genetic reshuffling genetic marker genetic resources genetic material genetic restoration programme genetic mating system genetic screening genetic mechanism genetic screening and testing genetic message genetic sex genetic modification genetic sex determination genetic mutations genetic shuffling genetic package genetic similarities genetic pathway genetic similarity index genetic polymorphism genetic structure genetic predisposition genetic studies genetic principles genetic swamping of local genotypes genetic profile genetic switch genetic program genetic system genetic programming genetic takeover genetic prospecting genetic testing genetic rearrangement genetic tests genetic reassortment genetic toolkit genetic recombination genetic trait genetic region genetic uniformity genetic relatedness genetic variability 303 genetic variance genetic variance genetically pure genetic variant genetically uniform genetic variation genetically unique populations genetic variety genetically variable genetically geneticist genetically alike genetics genetically altered genial spines genetically based genic genetically canalized geniculate arteries genetically conditioned geniculate ganglion genetically correlated geniculocalcarine tract genetically depauperate population genie differences genetically determined genioglossus muscle genetically dissimilar geniohyoid muscle genetically distinct genital genetically divergent populations genital abnormalities genetically diverse genital actinomycosis genetically engineer genital arch genetically engineered genital area genetically enhanced genital branch genetically identical genital elephantiasis genetically invariant genital herpes genetically manipulated genital infection genetically marked genital infections genetically modified genital mucosa genetically paraphyletic genital opening genetically polymorphic genital openings genetically predisposed genital organs 304 genital pore genital pore genome evolution genital region genome hybridization genital ridges genome instability genital secretions genome map genital segments genome organization genital sores genome projects genital specimens genome replication genital structure genome segments genital swelling genome sequences genital swellings genome sequencing genital tract genome sequencing projects genital tubercle genome sites genital warts genome stability genitalia genome studies genitals genome-free particles genitofemoral genome-level changes genitofemoral nerve genome-linked viral protein genitourinary genome-wide analysis genitourinary system genome-wide association scans genitourinary tract genome-wide experiments genitourinary tract genomic genome genomic clones genome analyse genomic cloning vectors genome analysis genomic composition genome approaches genomic data genome assay genomic DNA genome biologist genomic DNA fragments genome comparisons genomic DNA library 305 genomic DNA sequence genomic DNA sequence genomic vectors genomic effects genomically genomic elements genomic-based studies genomic equivalence genomics genomic expression genotype genomic imprinting genotype frequency genomic imprinting genotyped genomic library genotypic genomic library of nucleotide sequences genotypic data genomic mapping project genotypic information genomic material genotypic ratio genomic mechanism genotypic variability genomic organization genotypic variance genomic rearrangement genotypically genomic region genotypically founded genomic regions genotyping genomic RNA gentamicin genomic segments gentian violet genomic sequence genuine genomic sequence data genuine nucleus genomic sequence information genus genomic sites genus name genomic streamlining geochemical genomic structure geochemical evidence genomic template geographic genomic test geographic area genomic traits geographic barrier genomic type geographic distribution 306 geographic distribution geographic distribution geological evidence geographic isolation geological stage geographic mosaic of coevolution geomagnetism geographic origin geometric isomers geographic populations geometric population growth geographic race geometrically geographic range geophagia geographic separation geophilic geographic source geoscientist geographic variation geothermal geographical affiliation geothermal hot spots geographical distribution gephyrin geographically isolated Geraniaceae geographically localized geranium geographically overlapping geranylgeranyl geographically segregated geranylgeranyl group geographically separate GERD geography geriatric patients geologic germ cell type geologic age germ cells geologic event germ layer geologic formations germ line geologic history germ line cells geologic record German measles geologic remodeling germicidal geologic stratum germicide geologic upheavals germinal geological events germinal cells 307 germinal center germinal center ghrelin germinal epithelium GHS-R germinate GI motility germinated giant germinating giant axons germinating plant embryos giant bamboo germination giant cell pneumonia without a rash germinative layer giant cells germinative membrane giant chiasm glia germinative potential giant clams germinative section giant liver fluke germline giant molecules germline DNA giant tube worms germline forms Giardia germplasm bank Giardia duodenalis Gerota's fascia Giardia intestinalis Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome Giardia lamblia gestation giardiosis gestation period gibberellins gestational age gibbons gestational diabetes Gibbs–Donnan equation get caught gibbus deformity get into Giemsa staining get larger Giemsa staining of a bone marrow smear GFP Giemsa-stained GFR GIFT Ghon focus gigantism Ghon's complex gigerium 308 GIH GIH give birth gill arches give off gill chambers give rise to gill filaments give up gill pouches gizzard gill rakers glabella gill slits glacial advances gill-breathing glacial episodes gill-like glacial ice gills glacial ice caps Gimenez stain glacial maximum gingers, ginger plants glacial moraine gingivae glacial period gingivae of the mandible glacial retreat gingival health glacial stage gingival margin glacial-interglacial cycles gingival sulcus glaciated gingivitis glaciation gingivostomatitis glacier ginkgo glacier formation ginkgo biloba glaciers ginkgo tree glaciers migrating ginkgoes, Ginkgophyta gladiatorum GIP gland girdle gland cells girdling glanders girth glandlike give glands of Bowman 309 glands of Moll glands of Moll glia-like cells glands of Wolfring glicentin glands of Zeis glide glandular gliding glandular cells gliding movements glandular fever glioblastoma glandular secretions glioma glandular tissue gliosis glans Glisson's sheath glans clitoris global glans penis global air and water flow patterns glass capillary tube global air circulation glass cover slips global aphasia glass lens global atmospheric circulation glass sponges global carbon budget glassy shell made of silica global circulation patterns glaucoma global climate change Gleason's individualistic model global developmental delay glenohumeral joint global ecology glenoid cavity global life expectancy glenoid cavity of the scapula global loss-of-function analysis glenoid labrum global nitrogen budget glia global ocean glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor global paralysis of the muscles glial cells global prevalence glial damage global process glial receptors global temperatures glia-like global trend 310 global warming global warming glomerular nephritis global wind pattern glomerular ultrafiltration globally glomeruli globe glomerulonephritis globin glomerulotubular balance globin family glomerulus globin genes glomus globin mRNA glomus cells globose glossopharyngeal globose nucleus glossopharyngeal nerve globotriaosylceramide glottic globular glottic closure globular domain glottic muscles globular embryo glottis globular heads glow globular proteins glucagon globule glucan globulins glucocorticoid globus pallidus glucocorticoid receptors glomeromycetes, Glomeromycota glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism glomerospores glucogenic glomerular glucokinase glomerular capillaries gluconeogenesis glomerular capillary pressure gluconeogenic glomerular filtrate gluconeogenic enzymes glomerular filtration glucosamine glomerular filtration rate glucose glomerular membrane glucose concentration in the blood 311 glucose fever glucose fever glue cells glucose need glutamate glucose nonoxidizing species glutamate decarboxylase glucose oxidation glutamate receptor glucose oxidizer glutamate signaling glucose residues glutamic acid glucose ring glutamic acid polypeptide glucose solution glutamic dehydrogenase glucose subunits glutamine glucose synthesis glutaminergic glucose tolerance glutaminergic neurons glucose tolerance curve glutaminergic synapses glucose tolerance test glutamine-rich domains glucose transport glutaraldehyde glucose transporter glutathione glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency glutathione-S-transferase gluteal glucose-1-phosphate gluteal artery glucose-6-phosphate gluteal fold glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide gluteal muscles glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide gluteal nerve glucose-oxidizing species gluteal region glucostatic activity of the liver gluteal surface glucostatic function of the liver gluteal tuberosity glucosuria gluten enteropathy glucuronic acid gluteus maximus muscle glucuronides gluteus medius muscle glucuronyl transferase gluteus minimus muscle 312 glycan backbone of the peptidoglycan glycan backbone of the peptidoglycan glycolytic pathway glycated hemoglobin glycomics glyceraldehyde glycopeptide glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycoprotein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase glycoprotein antigens glycerides glycoprotein enzymes glycerol glycoprotein hormones glycerol phosphate glycoprotein processing glycerol stock glycoproteins glycerol teichoic acid glycosaminoglycans glycerophosphate glycosidases glycine glycoside cup glycocalyx glycosidic bond glycogen glycosidic linkage glycogen breakdown glycosomes glycogen phosphorylase glycosphingolipids glycogen storage disease glycosuria glycogen vacuole glycosylated glycogenesis glycosylation glycogenolysis glycosylation site glycogenolytic effect glycosylic bond glycol glycosylphosphatidylinositol glycolipids glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors glycolysis glycylcyclines glycolytic glycyrrhetinic acid glycolytic capacity glyoxylate cycle glycolytic enzymes glyoxysomes glycolytic fibers glyoxysomes of plants 313 GM GM gomphoses GM-CSF gonadal gnathostomes gonadal biopsy Gnathostomata gonadal dysgenesis gnathostomiasis gonadal hormones gnaw gonadal sex hormones gnetophytes gonadal steroid secretion Gnetophyta gonadal veins GnRH gonadotropes go downhill gonadotropin-releasing hormone go extinct gonadotropins goblet cell nucleus gonads goblet cells Gondwanaland goiter Gondwanan goitrogen Gondwanan breakup gold standard Gondwanan vicariance Goldberg-Hogness box gonochoristic golden algae gonococcal golden plover gonococcal genome goldenrod gonococcal ophthalmia Golgi gonococcemia Golgi apparatus gonococci Golgi body gonococcus bacterium Golgi bottle neuron gonorrhea Golgi cells good cholesterol Golgi complex good food hygiene practices Golgi membranes good gene donors Golgi tendon organs good genes model 314 Goodpasture syndrome Goodpasture syndrome graded electrogenesis goosefoot family graded local signals gooseneck appearance graded potential gooseneck deformity graded response Gorgonopsia grades goslings grades of coal gouty gradient gouty arthritis gradient material govern gradients of morphogens GP gradual divergence GPCR protein gradual pattern GPCR-type receptors gradualism GPI anchors gradualists GPI-linked cell surface proteins graft G-protein family of plasma membrane proteins graft from another person graft junction G-protein molecules graft rejection G-protein system graft together G-proteins graft versus host reaction GP-specific cytotoxic T cells grafted GRA grafting graafian follicle graft-versus-host reaction graceful fanwort grain crops gracile nucleus grain head gracilis muscle grain-eater gradations grains grade grainy graded gram 315 gram calorie gram calorie granulated vesicles gram equivalent granulation tissue Gram stain granule cells Gram staining granules Gram staining procedure granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gram-molecular granulocyte-monocyte CFU gram-molecular weight of X granulocytes Gram-negative granulocytic Gram-negative bacteria granulocytic ehrlichiosis gram-negative bacterial sepsis granuloma inguinale Gram-negative reaction granuloma tissue Gram-negative rods granulomas Gram-positive granulomatosis infantiseptica gram-positive bacillus granulomatous Gram-Positive rod bacteria granulomatous amebic encephalitis Gram-stained granulomatous disease Gram-variable granulomatous encephalitis grana granulomatous foci granular granulomatous lesions granular cytoplasm granulomatous nodules granular endoplasmic reticulum granulomatous reaction foci granular foveolae granulopoiesis granular layer granulosa granular leukocytes granulosa cells granular pneumocytes granum granular reticulum granzymes granularity grapelike granulated 316 grasp grasp gravity grasp reflex gray crescent grasping gray crescent region grass clippings gray matter grass family gray rami communicantes grass-eating gray ramus communicans grassland graze grassland soil grazer grasslands grazing grassless plains grazing animals grasslike plants grease grassquit greasy grave great gravelly Great American Interchange Graves' disease great apes gravid great armor plates gravid proglottids great auricular nerve gravid proglottids great cardiac vein gravid segments great cerebral vein gravid uterus Great Chain of Being gravidity and parity great ocean conveyor belt gravitational motion great omentum gravitational sensing great pancreatic artery gravitropic bending great reed warbler gravitropic response great saphenous vein gravitropically great superficial petrosal nerve gravitropism great tit gravitropism response great toe 317 great veins great veins green beans great veins of the neck green belt greater curvature green chloroplasts greater horn of the hyoid bone green fluorescent protein greater horns green pigment greater occipital nerve green plants greater omentum green stems greater palatine artery green sulfur bacteria greater palatine canal green vegetables greater palatine foramen greenflies greater palatine nerve greenhouse experiment greater pelvis greenhouse gas greater petrosal nerve greening greater sac greenness greater scapular notch greenstick fracture greater sciatic foramen GRH greater sciatic notch grind greater splanchnic nerve grinding surfaces greater trochanter grinding teeth greater trochanter of the femur griseofulvin greater tubercle griseum pontis greater vestibular glands gritty greater wing of the sphenoid bone gRNAs greater wings grocer's itch greatly folded Grocott silver staining greatly modified Grocott staining green algae groin green algae groin region 318 groom groom ground-state orbital grooming groundwater groove groundwater flow groove for the sigmoid sinus group groove of the DNA group A streptococcal antigen gross group antigen gross examination group hunting gross hematuria group protection gross primary productivity group selection gross section group territory grossly grouping grossly abnormal group-specific antygen grossly evident group-specific carbohydrate ground group-specific cell wall polysaccharide B antigen ground cover grove ground crickets grow ground itch grow afresh ground plan grow back ground sloth grow downward into the soil ground squirrel grow into ground state grow into adults ground substance grow inward ground tissue grow out of ground tissue system grow outward ground vibrations grow tall ground-dwelling grow to reproductive age ground-glass changes growing ground-hugging 319 growing cell growing cell growth medium growing DNA strand growth pattern growing period growth period growing season growth phase growing space growth plate grown growth process growth growth rate growth 1 phase growth regulators growth and development growth requirements growth capability growth response growth center growth retardation growth centers in the long bones growth rings growth conditions growth spurt growth control cascade growth-factor receptor growth control pathway growth-inhibiting factors growth curve growth-inhibitory proteins growth cycle growth-promoting growth factor-related oncogene growth-promoting chemical growth factors growth-regulating mechanism growth failure growth-supporting factors growth form grub growth hormone Gruber-Widal results growth hormone receptors GSAs growth hormone secretogogue receptor GSE fibers growth hormone-inhibiting hormone GSEs growth hormone-releasing hormone GSS growth in cultures GSS prions PrPgss growth inhibitor GST pull-down assay 320 GST-bait fusion protein GST-bait fusion protein Guillain-Barre syndrome GTPase Guinea Worm GTP-binding proteins gullet guanidino group gulp guanine gulp air guanine nucleotide gum disease guanine-cytosine gum margins guanosine gummae guanosine diphosphate gummas guanosine triphosphate gummatous syphilis guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins gums guanylate cyclase guppy guanylin GU-rich sequence guanylyl cyclase gustation guanylyltransferase gustatory receptor cells guard gustducin guard cell chloroplasts gut guard cell vacuoles gut contents guard cells gut disease guarding gut epithelium Guarnieri inclusion bodies gut flora guava gut tube gubernaculum gut wall guenon gut-associated lymphoid tissue guide gut-dwelling nematodes guide RNAs guttation guideline value guttation droplets guild coevolution guttation fluid 321 Guyon's canal Guyon's canal GVE fibers GVH reaction Gy gymnamoebas Gymnamoeba gymnosperms gymnotids Gymnotidae Gymnotiformes gynandromorph gynatresia gynecological gynecomastia gynecophoral canal gyrase gyre gyri 322 H H habitat tracking H habitat use H antigens habitual use H zone habituate H+ habituation H+-translocating ATPase HACEK group H1N1 influenza hadal zone habenula Haemophilae habenula perforata Haemophilus influenzae type B serovar habenular commissure haemorrhagic pleural effusion habit Hageman factor habitable hagfishes habitat Haikouichthys habitat corridor hair habitat damage hair cell processes habitat destruction hair cells habitat differentiation hair cover habitat disturbance hair follicles habitat fragmentation hair growth habitat island hair loss habitat isolation hair of the pubic region habitat loss hair raising habitat patch hair supply habitat patchiness hair tip habitat requirements hairless habitat reserve hairless epidermal cells habitat selection hairlike habitat selection behavior hairline 323 hairpin hairpin halogen phenols hairpin loop halogenated hairpin ribozyme halogenation hairpin structure halogens hairpin-shaped halons hairs halophile hairy halophilic hairy areas of the abdominal region halt hairy cell leukoplakia halted hairy leukoplakia halteres hairy oral leukoplakia halzoun syndrome hairy vetch hamate hairycell leukemia hamate bone of the wrist haldane Hamilton's rule Haldane's rule hammer half-life hammerhead ribozyme half-membrane hamstring half-moon hamstring muscles half-retina hamstring part half-siblings hand axes half-sibs hand muscles halides hand, foot and mouth disease hallucinations handedness hallucinatory handle hallucinogenic properties handle of malleus halo handoff halofantrine handoff mechanism halogen compounds hanging groin 324 Hantaan hemorrhagic disease Hantaan hemorrhagic disease hard selection Hantaan virus hard ticks hantavirus hard tooth substance hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hard-crusted haplodiploid harden haplodiploid condition hardened haploid hardening haploid cells hardiness zone haploid data hardness haploid diversity hard-shell tick haploid number hard-shelled haploid phase hard-wired haploid set hardwood haploid sperm hardy haploid spores Hardy-Weinberg calculations haploid stage Hardy-Weinberg distribution haploid state Hardy-Weinberg equation haplotype Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium haplotype diversity Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies haplotype sharing Hardy-Weinberg principle hapten-Ficoll antigens harm haptens harmful haptoglobin harmful alleles harbor harmful pleiotropic effects harbor porpoise harmless hard chancre harmonic mean hard dorsal plate harmonics hard palate harness 325 harpagiferids, Harpagiferidae harpagiferids, Harpagiferidae haversian system harpoon-like hawthorn fruits harsh hawthorn maggot flies Hartmann's pouch hawthorn-feeding harvest hay fever harvest mite Hb02 harvester ants HBc harvesting HBc antigen harvesting technology HBcAb harvestmen HBcAg Hashimoto thyroiditis HBE HAT HBe hatch HBe antigen hatched HBIG hatchery fish H-bonds hatchery offspring HBs hatchery-reared individuals HbS allele hatchet-shaped HBs antigen hatching rate HBs or PreS mutants hatchling size HBsAg hatchlings HBsAg positive haustoria HBsAg-containing particles haustorium HBs-Ag-positive haustra of colon HBV HAV HBV replication have HBV-coded material Haverhill fever HCC haversian canals HCFCs 326 hCG hCG headwater stream HCHO headwaters HCl-alcohol heal HClO healed HCM healing HCN health hCS health benefits HCV health care workers HD health center HDCV health clinic HDL health department HDL levels health facility HDV health office head health problem head circumference health professionals head cold health risk head end of the molecule healthcare staff head fold healthcare workers head lice healthy diet head louse healthy HBV carriers head of malleus heap head of pancreas hear acutely head of the bone heard head of the mandible hearing head region hearing apparatus head segments hearing deficits head shield hearing impairment headed hearing loss 327 hearing organ hearing organ heartward heart heartwood heart action heat heart attack heat dissipation heart block heat energy heart bulge heat exchange heart chambers heat fixed heart defects heat intensity heart failure heat intolerance heart malformations heat loss mechanism heart murmur heat of vaporization heart muscle heat production heart muscle deterioration heat prostration heart palpitations heat regulation heart rate heat resistance heart rhythm heat retention mechanisms heart sounds heat sensitive heart stage heat shock heart stimulant heat shock protein 70 heart surgery heat shock proteins heart tissue heat sterilization procedures heart tones heat stress heart tubes heat stroke heart urchins heat tolerance heart valves heat tolerant heartbeat heat transfer heartburn heat-dissipating mechanism heart-shaped heating 328 heat-killed heat-killed heavy water heat-labile heavy-chain genes heat-labile E. coli enterotoxin hedgehog flea heat-producing mechanism heel bone heat-resistant heel of the hand heat-sensing organs height heat-sensitive heightened heat-sensitive pit organs Heimlich maneuver heat-shock gene HeLa cells heat-shock promoters helical heat-shock protein helical arrangement heat-shocked helical axis heat-stable helical junction heat-stable E. coli enterotoxin helical molecule heat-unstable protein helical region heave helical repeat heavily helical shape heavily coated with helical structure heavily grazed helical tail heavily polluted air helical twist heavy helical viruses heavy chains helically-wound heavy isotope helicase heavy metal salt helices heavy metals helicobacters heavy mucus helicotrema heavy nitrogen heliotropism heavy use of alcohol helium 329 helix helix helping behavior helix hemadsorption helix axis hemagglutinate helix-breaking residue hemagglutinating helix-loop-helix hemagglutinating properties helix-loop-helix domain hemagglutination helix-loop-helix structure hemagglutination activity helix-loop-helix transcription factor hemagglutination inhibition helix-loop-helix transcription factor family hemagglutination inhibition test helix-turn-helix hemagglutination phenomenon helix-turn-helix arrangement hemagglutination test helix-turn-helix domain hemagglutinin helix-turn-helix proteins hematemesis helix-turn-helix structure hematocrit helminth eggs hematocrit tube helminthic disease hematogenous helminthic life cycle hematogenous dissemination helminthic parasites hematogenous disseminative episode helminthic zoonoses hematogenous spread helminths hematogenously helper hematogenously disseminated helper cells hematologic helper effect hematologic abnormalities helper phage hematologic diseases helper plasmid hematologic malignancies helper T cells hematological helper viruses hematoma helpful hematophagous 330 hematopoiesis hematopoiesis hemiplegic hematopoietic hemipterans hematopoietic disease Hemiptera hematopoietic stem cells hemipteroids hematuria hemisphere hematuric episodes hemispheric heme hemispheric specialization heme group hemispherical heme oxygenase hemivertebra heme protein hemivertebrae heme proteins hemizygous heme-binding domain hemlock hemianopia hemochromatosis hemianopsia hemocoel hemiarthroplasty hemoconcentration hemiazygos vein hemocyanin hemiblock hemocytes hemicellulose hemodialysis hemichordates hemodialysis patients Hemichordata hemodynamic hemidesmosome hemodynamically hemidiaphragm hemodynamics hemimethylated hemoglobin hemimethylation hemoglobin A hemin hemoglobin defect hemineglect syndrome hemoglobin F hemiparesis hemoglobinopathy hemiplegia hemoglobins 331 hemoglobinuria hemoglobinuria hemoptysis hemolymph hemorrhage hemolymphatic hemorrhages hemolysin genes hemorrhagic hemolysins hemorrhagic cystitis hemolysis hemorrhagic fever hemolysis hemorrhagic fever virus hemolytic hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome hemolytic activity hemorrhagic sepsis hemolytic anemia hemorrhagic shock hemolytic capacity hemorrhagic stroke hemolytic disease hemorrhagic syndrome hemolytic plaque assay hemorrhagically hemolytic process hemorrhoidectomy hemolytic transfusion reaction hemorrhoids hemolytic uremic syndrome hemosiderin hemolytic zone hemosiderosis hemolyticuremic syndrome hemostasis hemolyticuremic syndrome hemostatic plug hemolytic-uremic syndrome hemothorax hemolyze hemovorous bats hemolyzed hemozoin hemophilia hen embryos hemophilia A hen fibroblasts hemophiliac Henle fiber layer hemopneumothorax Henoch-Schönlein purpura GN hemopoietic stem cells Hensen's node hemopoietic system HEPA filter 332 hepacivirus hepacivirus hepatic venous pressure hepadnaviruses hepatitis heparan sulfate hepatitis A heparin hepatitis A antibodies heparinized hepatitis A vaccine hepatic hepatitis A virus hepatic abscess hepatitis B hepatic arterioles hepatitis B „e" antigen hepatic artery blood hepatitis B and hepatitis C hepatic artery proper hepatitis B core antibodies hepatic blood flow hepatitis B core antigen hepatic cells hepatitis B immune globulin hepatic coma hepatitis B mutants hepatic ducts hepatitis B pathogen hepatic dysfunction hepatitis B surface antigen hepatic fibrosis hepatitis B vaccine hepatic flexure hepatitis B viral infection hepatic functional parameters hepatitis B virus hepatic lobule hepatitis C hepatic metabolism hepatitis C virus hepatic necrosis hepatitis D hepatic parenchyma hepatitis D pathogen hepatic plate hepatitis D virus hepatic portal system hepatitis delta virus hepatic portal vein hepatitis E hepatic sinusoids hepatitis E virus hepatic sympathetic plexus hepatitis G virus hepatic veins hepatitis virus 333 hepatobiliary disease hepatobiliary disease herbal medicines hepatocellular carcinoma herbarium hepatocellular dysfunction herbicides hepatocholangitic symptoms herbivore hepatocytes herbivorous hepatoduodenal ligament herbivory hepatogastric ligament herbivory hepatomegaly herbs hepatopancreatic ampulla herd Hepatophyta herd immunity hepatorenal recess hereditary hepatorenal space hereditary hepatosplenic hereditary baldness hepatosplenic disease hereditary component hepatosplenomegaly hereditary factors hepatotoxicity hereditary information HepB vaccine hereditary material hephaestin hereditary pattern heptapeptide hereditary predisposition heptavalent hereditary spherocytosis heptavalent conjugate vaccine heredity herb layer heritability herbaceous heritable herbaceous perennials heritable change herbaceous plants heritable character herbaceous stratum heritable factor herbaceous vegetation heritable feature herbal heritable information 334 heritable phenotypes heritable phenotypes herpes zoster heritable traits herpesviral genomes heritable units Herpesviridae heritable variation herpesvirus hermaphrodite herpesvirus latency hermaphrodite animals herpesvirus simiae hermaphroditic herpesviruses hermaphroditic herpetic keratitis hermaphroditism herpetic whitlow hernia herpetiform hernia sac herpetologist hernial sac Herring bodies herniated intervertebral disc herring worm disease herniation Heschl’s sulcus herpangina Hesselbach's triangle herpes Hessian fly herpes encephalitis hetacillin herpes gladiatorum heterochromatin herpes labialis heterochromatin DNA herpes labialis heterochromatinized herpes neonatorum heterochronic herpes simplex l heterochrony herpes simplex type 2 virus heterocyclic herpes simplex virus heterocyst herpes simplex virus-1 heterocytes herpes virus heterodimeric herpes virus activator VP16 heterodimers herpes viruses heteroduplex 335 heterogametic heterogametic heterospecific heterogametic sex heterospecific matings heterogeneity heterosporous heterogeneous heterospory heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins heterostracans heterogeneous nuclear RNA Heterostraci heterogeneously heterostylous heterogenetic antibodies heterothallic heterokaryon heterotopic heterokaryon incompatibility heterotopic differences among species heterokaryotic heterotopy heterokaryotype heterotrimeric heterologous heterotrimeric G proteins heterologous chain of infection heterotroph heterologous desensitization heterotrophic heterologous interference heterotrophic bacteria heteromeric heterotrophic nutrition heterometric regulation heterotrophically heteromorphic heterotrophs heterophile antibody heterotrophy heterophile-negative mononucleosis syndrome heterozygosity heterozygosity deficit heterophilic binding heterozygosity excess heteroplasmy heterozygosity fitness correlations Heteroptera heterozygote heterosexual transmission heterozygote advantage heterosexually active woman heterozygote disadvantage heterosis heterozygotes 336 heterozygous heterozygous HGV heterozygous HHV heterozygous carriers HHV 8 heterozygous condition HHV-6 heterozygous individual HHV-6A heterozygous state HHV-6B HEV HHV-8 hexacanth embryo HHV-8–associated Kaposi sarcoma hexachlorophene HI hexagonal hiatal hernia hexahistidine hiatus hexamer hiatus hernia hexameric hibernate hexanucleotide hibernating hexaploid hibernation hexapod hibernator hexapods, Hexapoda hierarchical hexokinase hierarchical classification hexon protein hierarchical organization hexosamines hierarchy hexose HIF hexose monophosphate shunt high hexose sugar high acorn conditions HFMD high and low tide Hfr high axial ratio Hfr cell high blood pressure HFRS high body temperature HGE high chromosome numbers 337 high diagnostic value high diagnostic value high-dose high endothelial venules high-dose administration high energy electrons high-efficiency particulate air filter high fever high-energy high fevers high-energy bonds high frequencies high-energy phosphate compounds high frequency of recombination higher brain centers high incidence group higher cognitive functions high metabolic rate higher level of order high molecular weight DNA higher plants high molecular weight form higher taxa high molecular weight fraction higher taxonomic categories high mountain higher taxonomic groups high output region higher-energy high performance liquid chromatography higher-level high precipitation higher-level consumers high processivity higher-order high sequence diversity higher-order coil high stringency hybridization higher-order thinking high winds high-fat high-affinity high-frequency high-alert status high-frequency stimulation high-altitude air masses high-latitude high-amplitude high-level activity high-calorie diet high-level blood eosinophilia high-cholesterol sources high-level mental functions high-crowned high-level penicillin resistance high-density lipoproteins highly 338 highly active highly active highly-expressed highly addictive high-molecular highly charged high-molecular-weight highly coiled high-mood highly conserved high-performance highly conserved sequences high-pitched highly developed high-pitched sounds highly differentiated high-predation highly effective high-pressure highly expressed high-pressure liquid chromatography highly fit high-pressure nervous syndrome highly infective high-pressure system highly localized high-protein diet highly negatively charged high-resolution computed tomography highly ordered high-resolution gel highly polymorphic high-risk highly purified high-risk group highly regulative development high-temperature pasteurization highly repeated sequence high-throughput highly repetitive carbohydrate surface antigens high-throughput screening high-titer Rho D immune globulin highly repetitive DNA high-yielding highly sensitive hila of the kidneys highly specific hila of the lungs highly telolecithal eggs hilar lymph nodes highly unstable hilum highly virulent hilum of kidney highly weathered hilum of lung 339 hilus hilus Hirudinea hind His bundle electrogram hind gut His-Purkinje system hind toe His-Tag hindbrain histaminase hindfoot histamine hindgut histamine releasing factor hindlimb histaminergic neurons hindmost histaminergic system hindrance histidine hinge histidine codons hinge joints histidine kinase hinge region histidine residues hinge synovial joints histidines hinged histiocytes hinged jaws histiocytosis X hinged lid histocompatibility antigen hinge-like flexion histocompatibility complex hinge-shelled histocompatible hip histogram hip bones histoincompatibility reaction hip dislocation histologic section hip joint histologic staining hip socket histological hippocampus histological analysis hippuric acid histological application hirsutism histological evaluation hirudin histologically 340 histologically prepared tissue section histologically prepared tissue section history histology histotoxic hypoxia histology laboratory histotropic histolytic toxins hitchhike histone hitchhiking histone acetylation hitch-hiking effect histone acetylation enzymes hit-or-miss affair histone bead HIV antibody detection histone code hypothesis HIV antibody screening test histone deacetylation HIV antigen histone deacetylation enzymes HIV antigen detection histone deposition HIV patients histone fold HIV replication histone gene clusters HIV screening tests histone genes HIV surface antigen genes histone modification HIV wasting syndrome histone octamer hives histone pre-mRNAs HIV-positive histone proteins HIV-positive patients histone removal HLA histone tail HLH histone variants HLH dimerization domain histone-fold domain HLH heterodimers histone-like proteins HLH motif histopathologic HLH protein-DNA interactions histopathologically HLH transcription factor histoplasmin scratch test HLH transcription factor family histoplasmosis HLH transcription factors 341 HlV-specific antibodies HlV-specific antibodies holoenzyme HME holosystolic murmur HMG-CoA reductase Holothuroidea HN protein holotype HNO2 home hnRNA home range hnRNP particles homeland hnRNP proteins homeobox hnRNPs homeobox complex hoarseness homeobox genes hoatzin homeobox protein family HOCl homeobox region Hodgkin disease homeobox sequence hog cholera homeobox-containing genes hold homeobox-encoded hold sth together homeobox-encoded DNA-binding domain hold up the body homeobox-like genes holdfast homeodomain hole homeodomain factors hole in a tree trunk homeodomain proteins holistic homeodomain-containing protein Holliday structure homeostasis hollow homeostatic hollow organ homeostatic control hollow stem homeostatic function holoblastic homeostatic level holoblastic cleavage homeostatic limits Holocene epoch homeostatic mechanisms 342 homeostatic processes for thermoregulation homeostatic processes for thermoregulation homogenizing force homeostatic reactions homogentisic acid homeostatic response homogentisic acid oxidase homeostatic system homokaryotype homeothermic homolog homeotherms homologous homeotic homologous chain of infection homeotic gene cluster homologous characteristics homeotic genes homologous characters homeotic mutations homologous chromosomes homeotic selector genes homologous desensitization homeotic transformation homologous features homeotic-like transformations homologous genes homing pigeon homologous pair homing receptors homologous pairing regions hominid homologous recombination hominins homologous restriction factor hominoid homologue homocysteine homology homodimer homology modeling homogametic homomeric homogametic sex homometric regulation homogenate homonymous homogeneous homophilic binding homogeneously homophilic reaction homogenization homoplasious homogenize homoplasious changes homogenized homoplasious characters 343 homoplasious evolutionary changes homoplasious evolutionary changes homunculus homoplasious features honey eater homoplasmy honeybee homoplastic honeycombed homoplastic features honeycombed structure homoplasy honeycombing homoploid hybrid speciation hood homoploid speciation hoofed homopolymer hoofed mammals homopolymeric Hoogsteen base pairs homopterans, Homoptera hook of hamate homosexual drive hooked homosexuality hooklets homosexuals hooks homosporous hookworm disease homospory hookworm eggs homostylous hookworm infection homothallic hookworms homotypic hoots homovanillic acid hooved homozygosity hooves homozygotes hopping mice homozygotic horde homozygous horizon homozygous combination horizontal homozygous condition horizontal addition homozygous recessive horizontal cells homozygous state horizontal fissure 344 horizontal gene transfer horizontal gene transfer hormone horizontal growth hormone action horizontal leaves hormone cascade pathways horizontal movements hormone contraceptives horizontal plane hormone cycle horizontal plate hormone levels horizontal plate of the palatine bone hormone patches horizontal plates of palatine bones hormone pathways horizontal resistance transfer hormone receptors horizontal sheets hormone regulation horizontal transmission hormone replacement therapy horizontally hormone secretion hormonal activities hormone signaling hormonal balance hormone therapy hormonal changes hormone-based contraceptives hormonal circuit hormone-like substance hormonal contraceptives hormone-receptor complex hormonal control hormone-sensitive lipase hormonal fluctuation horn hormonal interaction horn of the sinus venosus hormonal levels hornbills hormonal male contraceptives horned hormonal method horned crest hormonal milieu Horner's muscle hormonal signal hornless hormonal signaling horns of the spinal cord hormonal state hornworts hormonally active horny 345 horripilation horripilation host cell death horse family host cell DNA horsefly species host cell helicase horselike host cell integration horseradish peroxidase host cell lysis horseshoe crabs host cell metabolism horseshoe kidney host cell proteins horsetails host cell reproduction horticultural importance host cell-derived horticulturalist host cytoplasm horticulture host DNA hospital host genome hospital disinfection host genomic material hospital epidemics host immune response hospital flora host mother hospital infection control host mothering hospital medical staff host nuclear membrane hospital medicine host organism hospital room host plant hospital sewage host plasma membrane hospital treatment host protective responses hospital-acquired infection host range hospitalization host range mutants hospitalized host receptors host host specific host antigens host specificity host cell host spectrum host cell chromosome host switching 346 host system host system house-dust mites host tissue houseflies host-cell cytoplasm household contacts host-cell determinants household transmission host-cell genome housekeeping enzymes host-cell nucleus housekeeping genes host-cell ribosomes houseplant host-cell spectrum howler monkeys hostile Hox genes host-invader interactions Hp hostlike HPLC host-parasite balance HPS host-parasite competition HPV host-range mutants HPV 18 host-specific HPV test host-vector system HRCT host-versus-graft reaction HRF hot flushes HRF hot packs HSC hot soils hsp 70 hot spot HSV hot springs HSV encephalitis hot sulfur springs HSV type 1 hot-spot strategy HSV type 2 house dust HSV type-specific DNA probe house dust mite HSV-1 house sparrow HTL viruses types I and II house-dust allergy HTLV 347 HTLV I and II HTLV I and II human factor VIII protein HTLV-1 human family HTLV-BLV retroviruses human flea HuCV human follicle mite hull human food human human genetics human actions human genome human activity human genome project human anaplasmosis human genomic DNA human anti-HBs antiserum human granulocytic ehrlichiosis human bacterial infections human haploid genome human body temperature human health human body weight human height human calicivirus human herpes virus human chorionic gonadotropin human herpesvirus 6 human chorionic somatomammotropin human herpesvirus 8 human clinical trials human herpesvirus type 6 human cloning human homologs human clottingfactor VIII human Ig genes human condition human immunodeficiency virus human culture human infections human demographics human intestinal parasites human diploid cell vaccine human itch mite human diploid cells human leukocyte antigen complex human disease human leukocyte antigen molecules human EDB human leukocyte antigens human embryonal kidney cells human lineage human evolution human mitochondrial DNA 348 human monocytic ehrlichiosis human monocytic ehrlichiosis human welfare human papilloma virus human-centered human papilloma virus test human-controlled settings human papillomavirus human-introduced human parainfluenza virus 1 and 3 humanitarianism human parasites humanization human parvovirus B19 humanlike human pathogen measles virus human-made human pathogen strains humanoid human pathogen viruses humeral human pathogenic parvovirus humeral nodes human pathogens humero-ulnar head human population humerus human population genetic studies humid human population growth humid forests human portio carcinoma cells humidified human reproductive cloning humidity human respiratory syncytial virus humoral human ribosomal RNA genes humoral immune response human sciences humoral immune system human skin pigmentation humoral immunity human T cell leukemia virus humoral mechanisms human T-cell lymphotropic virus humoral system human teeth humus human tetanus immunoglobulin hunger human therapeutic cloning hunger contractions human tick bites hunger pains human variation hunger stress 349 hungry hungry hyaloid system hunt hyaloid vascular system hunter-gatherer hyaloid vessels hunting hyaluronic acid hunting behavior hyaluronic acid capsule huntingtin hyaluronidase huntingtion hybrid Huntington's disease hybrid animals HUS hybrid antibodies husbandry hybrid arrested translation husk hybrid breakdown husks hybrid cells HVA hybrid combination HVG reaction hybrid density H-W equilibrium hybrid fertility H-W equilibrium value hybrid gene H-W values hybrid genotypes hyaline hybrid inviability hyaline cartilage hybrid offspring hyaline membrane hybrid population hyaline membrane disease hybrid speciation hyaline molds hybrid sterility hyalinised hybrid tension zone hyalocytes hybrid vigor hyalohyphomycosis hybrid vigour hyaloid artery hybrid virus vaccine hyaloid canal hybrid viruses hyaloid membrane hybrid zone 350 hybridization hybridization hydration shell hybridization hydraulic conductivity hybridization assay hydrazine hybridization buffer hydrocarbon hybridization events hydrocarbon chain hybridization experiment hydrocarbon regions hybridization in nature hydrocarbon side chain hybridization probes hydrocarbon tails hybridize hydrocarbon-containing region hybridized hydrocarbons hybridizing hydrocele hybridoma hydrocele testis hybridoma clone hydrocephalus hybrids between species hydrochloric acid hydatid cyst hydrochloride hydatid cysts of Morgagni hydrochlorofluorocarbons hydatid disease hydrocortisone hydatid fluid hydroelectric dam hydatid sand hydroelectric power hydatidosis hydroelectric system hydatids hydrogen hydatids of Morgagni hydrogen acceptor hydra hydrogen bonding hydramnios hydrogen bonding network hydrangea flowers hydrogen bonds hydrangeas hydrogen cyanide hydrated hydrogen gas hydration hydrogen ion acceptors 351 hydrogen ion acceptors hydrogen ion acceptors hydronium ion hydrogen ion concentration hydrophilic hydrogen ion donors hydrophilic channel hydrogen ions hydrophilic environment hydrogen peroxide hydrophilic head hydrogen sulfide hydrophilic proteins hydrogenate hydrophilic region hydrogenated hydrophilic substance hydrogenation hydrophobia hydrogenation process hydrophobic hydrogen-bond hydrophobic behavior hydrogen-bonded hydrophobic contacts hydrogenosomes hydrophobic core hydrographic hydrophobic forces hydroids hydrophobic interaction chromatography hydrologic cycle hydrophobic interactions hydrology hydrophobic molecules hydrolyse hydrophobic portion hydrolysis hydrophobic region hydrolysis of tubulin-bound GTP hydrophobic signal peptide hydrolysis reaction hydrophobic substance hydrolytic hydrophobic tail hydrolytic enzymes hydrophobicity hydrolytic exoenzymes hydropic hydrolytic products hydroponic hydrolyze hydroponic culture hydrolyzed hydroponically hydronephrosis hydroponics 352 hydrops hydrops hydroxynaphthoquinone hydrops fetalis hydroxyprogesterone hydrosphere hydroxyproline hydrostatic hydroxypurines hydrostatic organ hydroxypyrimidines hydrostatic pressure hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase hydrostatic pressure gradient hydroxyurea hydrostatic skeleton Hydrozoa hydrostatic support hydrozoan hydrothermal spring hydrozoan Obelia hydrothermal vent hydrozoans hydrothorax hygiene committee hydroureter hygienic measures hydroxide jon hygienic principles hydroxy 1 radical hymen hydroxyapatite hymenolepiosis hydroxyapatite chromatography Hymenolepis nana hydroxycholecalciferol hymenopterans hydroxycorticoids Hymenoptera hydroxycorticosteroids hyobranchial hydroxyl hyobranchial apparatus hydroxyl group hyoepiglottic ligament hydroxyl radical footprinting assay hyoglossus muscle hydroxyl radicals hyoid bone hydroxylase hypaxial muscles hydroxylation hyperactive hydroxylysine hyperactive reflexes hydroxymethyl hyperactivity 353 hyperacute hyperacute hyperglucagonemia hyperadult hyperglycemia hyperaggressive hyperglycemic effect hyperaldosteronism hyperhidrosis hyperalgesia hyperimmune hyperbaric 02 hyperimmune serum hyperbaric O2 therapy hyperimmunized hyperbaric oxygenation hyperimmunoglobulin hyperbilirubinemia hyperinfection hyperbilirubinemic hyperinfection syndrome hypercalcemic hyperinflation hypercalciuria hyperinsulinemia hypercalciuric hypocalcemia hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia hypercapnia hyperkeratosis hypercapnic hyperkeratotic hyperchloremic acidosis hyperkinetic hyperchlorination hypermetabolism hypercholesterolemia hypermobile hyperchromicity hypermutation hypercoagulability hypernatremia hypercoagulable state hyperosmolality hyperelongation hyperosmolar coma hyperemia hyperosmotic hyperemic hyperostosis hyperendemic Hyperotreti hyperendemic areas hyperparasitemia hyperextension hyperparathyreosis hypergammaglobulinemia hyperparathyroid state 354 hyperphagia hyperphagia hyperthermia hyperphosphaturia hyperthermophilic hyperphosphorylated hyperthyroidism hyperpigmentation hypertonic hyperplasia hypertonic environment hyperplastic hypertonic muscle hyperplastic adrenals hypertonicity hyperpnea hypertrophic hyperpolarization hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hyperpolarize hypertrophy hyperpolarized hyperuricemia hyperpolarizing hypervariability hyperpolarizing anelectrotonic response hypervariable hyperpolarizing potential hypervariable regions hyperpolarizing response hyperventilation hyperprolactinemia hypervolemia hyperpyrexia hypha hyperresponsiveness hyphae hypersecretion hyphal hypersensitive hyphal branches hypersensitive response hyphal growth hypersensitivity hyphal tips hypersensitivity pneumonitis hyphal wall hypersensitivity reaction hyphema hypersexuality hypnotic hypersplenism hypnozoites hypertension hypoactive hypertensive hypoallergenic 355 hypoblast hypoblast hypoglossal nucleus hypoblast cells hypoglossal palsy hypocalcemia hypoglycemia hypocalcemic tetany hypoglycemia unawareness hypocalciuric hypercalcemia hypoglycemic hypocellular hypoglycemic effect hypocellularity hypoglycemic level hypochlorhydria hypoglycemic symptoms hypochlorite ion hypogonadal dwarfism hypochlorites hypogonadism hypochlorous acid hypogonadotropic hypogonadism hypochlorous ions hypohalite ions hypochondrium region hypokalemia hypochromic hypokalemic alkalosis hypochromicity hypoketonemic hypoglycemia hypocomplementemia hypokinetic hypocotyl hypomenorrhea hypodense area hypometabolism hypodermis hypoosmotic hypodontia hypoparathyroidism hypogammaglobulinemia hypophosphatasia hypogammaglobulinemic hypophosphorylated hypogastric nerves hypophyseal portal circulation hypogastric plexus hypophyseal portal system hypogenitalism hypophysial diabetes hypogeusia hypophysial fossa hypoglossal canal hypophysiotropic hormones hypoglossal nerve hypopigmentation 356 hypopigmented hypopigmented hypothalamus hypopigmented spots hypothenar eminence hypopituitarism hypothenar muscles hypopituitary hypothyroidism hypothermia hypoplasia hypothermic hypoplastic hypothetico-deductive method hypoplastic left heart hypothyroid hypoproteinemia hypothyroidism hyporesponders hypotonia hyposecretion hypotonic hyposecretion of thyroxine hypotonic conditions hyposmia hypotonic solution hypospadias hypotonic surroundings hypostome hypotrichs hypotension hypoventilation hypotensive hypovolemia hypothalamic hypovolemic shock hypothalamic amenorrhea hypoxanthine hypothalamic control hypoxanthine hypothalamic hypothyroidism aminopterin hypothalamic inhibiting hormones thymidine hypothalamic obesity hypoxemia hypothalamic releasing hormones hypoxia hypothalamic sulcus hypoxia-inducible factor hypothalamic thermostat hypoxic hypothalamic-pituitary axis hypoxic damage hypothalamohypophysial tract hypoxic hypoxia hypothalamo–pituitary–thyroid axis hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy 357 hypoxic symptoms hypoxic symptoms hypoxic tubular damage hypsarrhythmic hyrax hysterectomy 358 I band I icteric I band icteric leptospirosis I cells icteric symptoms i.m. icterus IAA Id protein iatrogenic IDCs iatrogenic factors IDDM iatrogenically ideal solution IB idealized ICA cells identical by descent ICAM-1: receptor for rhinoviruses identical in sequence ICAMs identical twins ICC identifiable symptoms ICE proteases identification characteristic ice sheets identification of the pathogen iced over identification procedure ICF identification tags Ichthyosauria identify ichthyosaurs identity Ichthyostega identity element Ichthyostegid amphibian identity score ichthyostegids identity tag icosadeltahedral idiopathic icosadeltahedron idiopathic icosahedral idiopathic epilepsy icosahedral viruses idiopathic scoliosis icosahedron idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ICSI idiosyncratic 359 idiotype idiotype IgE antibodies idioventricular rhythm IgE immunoglobulins IDL IgE molecules idoxuridine IgE reactions IEP IgE-mediated defense IFN IgE-triggered anaphylaxis IFN-gamma IGF-I IFNα IgG IFN-α IgG antibodies IFN-β IgG responses IFNγ IgG therapy IFN-γ IgG titer IFs IgG-class antibodies Ig Ig-like polymorphic domains Ig cross-linking IgM Ig Fc components IgM antibodies Ig molecules IgM autoantibody response Ig receptor IgM class Ig receptor cross-linking IgM detection Ig receptors IgM response Ig superfamily IgM-specific ElAs Ig surface receptor igneous IgA ignite IgA antibodies IHA IgA nephropathy IHC IgA protease IL IgD IL-1 IgE IL-12 360 IL-dependent regulatory functions IL-dependent regulatory functions iliocostalis cervicis ileal iliocostalis lumborum ileal arteries iliocostalis muscle ileal conduit iliocostalis thoracis ileitis iliofemoral ligament ileocecal fold iliohypogastric ileocecal junction iliohypogastric nerve ileocecal opening ilio-inguinal ileocecal region ilioinguinal nerve ileocecal valve iliolumbar artery ileocolic iliolumbar ligament ileocolic artery iliolumbar vein ileocolic junction iliopsoas muscle ileostomy iliopsoas-psoas major ileum iliopubic eminence ilia iliopubic tract iliac iliotibial tract iliac arteries ilium iliac bone ill effects iliac crest ill-appearing iliac fascia of the abdomen illegitimate recombination iliac fossa illness iliac nodes illuminated iliac spine illuminated organ iliac veins illuviation iliac vessels IL-releasing lymphocytes iliacus muscle imaged iliococcygeus muscle image-forming eyes 361 images produced by an electron microscope images produced by an electron microscope immobility imaginal disc immobilization imaginary immobilize imaging immobilized imaging methods immortal imaging procedures immortal strains of cells imaging techniques immortalization imbalance immortalize imbibe immortalized imbibition immortalizing imidazole group immotility imidazoleacetic acid immovable joints imidazoline immune imino acid immune antigens imipenem immune cells imiquimod immune clearance immature immune competence immediate immune complex immediate early gene products immune complex disease immediate family immune complex-initiated diseases immediate hypersensitivity reactions immune control immediate memory immune cytolysis immediate-early genes immune defects immediate-early transcription immune defense mechanisms immigrants immune defense reactions immigrating infiltrate immune defense status immigration immune defense system immiscible immune defenses 362 immune deficiencies immune deficiencies immune system immune destruction immune system immune disorder immune system activity immune escape immune system cell immune escape mechanisms immune system infections immune escape proteins immune system's lines of defense immune factors immune T cells immune function immune therapy strategies immune globulin IgA immune to immune interferon immune-complex diseases immune mechanism immune-deficient immune prophylaxis immune-mediated immune protection immune-mediated damage immune protections immune-mediated defenses immune reaction immunity immune reactions immunization immune reactivity immunization process immune resolution immunization program immune response immunization prophylaxis immune response genes immunization protection immune response modulation immunization schedule immune responsiveness immunize immune serum immunized immune serum globulin preparations immunizing immune stage immunizing molecule immune status immunoassay immune stimulation immunoblot analysis immune synapse immunoblot assay 363 immunoblot method immunoblot method immunogen immunoblotting immunogen function immunochemical immunogen variability immunochromatographic assay immunogenic immunocompetent immunogenicity immunocompromised immunoglobulin immunocompromising conditions immunoglobulin class immunocytes immunoglobulin genes immunocytochemical immunoglobulin monomers immunocytochemistry immunoglobulin structures immunodeficiency immunoglobulin units immunodeficiency disease immunoglobulins antigenic specificity immunodeficiency syndrome immunoglobulins of the IgG class immunodeficient immunohistochemical staining immunodeficient state immunohistochemistry immunodiagnostic immunohistological color signal immunodiagnostic methods immunohistological testing immunodiffusion immunohistologically detected immunodiffusion technique immunohistology immunodominant immunoincompetent immunoelectron microscopy immunologic means immunoelectrophoresis immunologic naïveté of the population immunoevasion immunologic recognition immunoevasive mechanisms immunologic studies immunofluorescence immunological immunofluorescence detection immunological apparatus immunofluorescence test immunological cell and tissue damage immunofluorescent antibody tests immunological cell damage 364 immunological field immunological field immunopathogenesis immunological memory immunopathologic response immunological phenomena immunopathological immunological processes immunopathological complications immunological protection immunopathology immunological reactions immunophenotyping immunological rejection of cell transfusions immunophilin immunological response immunoprecipitate immunological system immunoprecipitation immunological test kit immunoprecipitation technique immunological TH1 response immunoprivileged sites immunological tolerance immunoprophylactic measures immunologically immunoprophylactic tools immunologically competent immunoprophylaxis immunologically deficient immunoreactivity immunologically healthy immunoreceptor immunologically mediated cell destruction immunoregulation immunologically naïve immunosorbent test immunologically naïve population immunostimulation immunologically privileged site immunosuppressant drug immunologically rejected immunosuppressant therapy immunologically related strains immunosuppressants immunologically responsive immunosuppressed immunologist immunosuppression immunology immunosuppression techniques immunomodulation immunosuppressive immunomodulators immunosuppressive drugs immunomodulatory immunosuppressive measures 365 immunosuppressive procedure immunosuppressive procedure impetigo immunosuppressive substances impingement immunosuppressive therapy implant immunosympathectomy implantation immunotherapy implanted immutable implicated in impaction implicit memory impair import impaired important impaired immunity important clinically impaired vision imported impaired walking importins impairment impotence impalatability impregnate impart impregnated impedance impression impedance impression impede impression preparation impeded impression smears impedins imprint imperfect imprint imperfect flower imprinted imperfectly developed imprinting imperfectly matching imprinting stimulus imperforate hymen imprints impermeability to water improper impermeable improve impervious to improved 366 improved growth improved growth inactivated improvement inactivated polio vaccine improvement in air quality inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine impulse transmission inactivated state impulses inactivated vaccine in inactivated-subunit-killed vaccines In inactivating enzymes in situ inactivating mutations in situ approach inactivation in situ conservation inactivation gate in situ conservation measures inactive in situ hybridization inactive in transcription in situ staining inactivity in utero inactivity and starvation in vitro inagglutinable in vitro assay inanimate in vitro culturing inanition in vitro detection inapparent in vitro evolution inapparent disease in vitro fertilization inappropriate in vitro selection techniques inborn error of metabolism in vitro transcription inborn immunodeficiency in vitro transcription vector inborn metabolic error in vivo inbred in vivo setting inbred line inability to concentrate inbred mice of the same strain inability to urinate inbreeding inactivate inbreeding coefficient 367 inbreeding depression inbreeding depression inclusion vesicle incapacitated inclusions incapacity inclusive incertohypothalamic system inclusive fitness incest avoidance incoming incestuous incompatibility incestuous mating incompatible incidence incompatible blood type incidence levels incompetence incidental effect incompetent incipient incomplete incipient species incomplete development incisal edge incomplete dominance incision incomplete flowers incisional hernia incomplete heart block incisive canal incomplete immunogens incisive canals incomplete metamorphosis incisive foramen incomplete tetanus incisive foramina incompletely developed incisive fossa incompletely dominant incisive nerve incompleteness incisive papilla incompressible incisor teeth inconclusive incisors incongruence inclement weather incongruent inclusion inconsequential inclusion bodies inconsistent with inclusion conjunctivitis inconspicuous 368 incontinence incontinence incubation period incoordination incubation time incorporate incubator birds incorporation incubator-hatched incorrect incumbent incorrectly paired incumbent replacement increase incurable increase heart rate incurrent siphon increase in incus increase in antibodies indefinite increase in CO2 emissions indefinitely increase in girth indel increase in length indent increase in size indentations increased independent assortment increased automaticity of the heart independent assortment of chromosomes increased B cell frequencies independent existence increased drowsiness independent loci increased mucus secretion independently acquired characters increased muscle tone independently assorting gene increased UV radiation indeterminate increasing fibrosis indeterminate cleavage increment indeterminate growth incremental index incrementally index finger incubate index fossils incubated India ink method incubation Indian plate 369 indicate indicate indirect transmission indicator indirect-developing indicator dilution method indirectly indicator medium indiscriminate altruism indicator organism indiscriminately indicator trait indistinct indifference individual indifferent electrode individual advantage indigenous individual behavior indigenous people individual fitness indigenous population individual genetic diversity indigestible individual genetic variation indigestion individual identity indigo bunting individual infections indinavir individual localized indirect active transport individual prophylaxis indirect calorimetry individual selection indirect Coombs test individual sex ratio indirect development individualistic model indirect fitness individualization indirect hemagglutination individualization of repeated structures indirect immunofluorescence individualized indirect immunofluorescence test FTA-ABS individual-sex-ratio genotypes indirect inguinal hernia indole indirect microimmunofluorescence indole nucleus indirect muscle contractions indoleacetic acid indirect mutagenesis indolent indirect selection indricothere 370 induce induce indwelling urinary catheter induced ineffective induced abortion inefficient induced fit inelastic induced pluripotent stem cells inert induced sputum inert gas induced-fit mechanism infancy inducer infant inducible infant botulism inducible enzyme infant diarrhea inducible operon infant mortality inducing signal infant mortality rate induction infant pathogen induction phase infant status at birth inductive infanticidal inductive interactions infanticide inductive leap infantile inductive method infantile botulism inductive reasoning infantile botulism inductive signals infantile figure of female phenotype inductive stimulus infarct inductively infarcted area indurated infarction induration infaunal animals industrial chemicals infect industrial melanism infected industrial wastewater infecting pathogen indwelling catheter infectiological 371 infectiology infectiology infectious muscle infection infectious pathogen infection agent infectious spread infection control committee infectious titer infection control program infective infection course infective agent infection cycle infective dose infection event infective material infection focus infective metacestodes infection immunity infective properties infection locus infectivity infection prevalences infectivity alleles infection process infer infection rates inference infection reservoir inferior infection site inferior alveolar artery infection-control measures inferior alveolar nerve infection-control practices inferior angle infection-control procedures inferior articular process infection-immunity inferior border infections acquired in hospitals inferior cardiac nerves infectious inferior cerebellar peduncle infectious agent inferior cervical ganglion infectious challenge inferior colliculi infectious disease inferior colliculus infectious dose inferior conjunctival fornix infectious lesions inferior constrictor infectious mononucleosis inferior constrictor of pharynx 372 inferior costal facet inferior costal facet inferior myocardial infarction inferior end of the trachea inferior nasal conchae inferior epigastric artery inferior nasal meatus inferior epigastric vessels inferior nuchal lines inferior fornix inferior oblique muscle inferior gemellus muscle inferior olivary nucleus inferior gluteal artery inferior olive inferior gluteal line inferior ophthalmic vein inferior gluteal nerve inferior orbital fissure inferior hemiazygos vein inferior pancreatic artery inferior horn inferior part of the duodenum inferior hypogastric plexus inferior peduncle inferior infraspinous fossa inferior petrosal sinus inferior labial branch inferior pharyngeal constrictor inferior laryngeal artery inferior phrenic arteries inferior lobe inferior phrenic veins inferior longitudinal muscle inferior pole of the kidney inferior margin of gluteus minimus inferior pubic ligament inferior margin of the arch of aorta inferior ramus of the pubic bone inferior margin of the heart inferior rectal artery inferior margin of the thorax inferior rectus muscle inferior meatus of the nasal cavity inferior sagittal sinus inferior mediastinum inferior suprarenal arteries inferior mesenteric artery inferior thoracic aperture inferior mesenteric ganglion inferior thoracic wall inferior mesenteric nodes inferior thyroid artery inferior mesenteric plexus inferior thyroid notch inferior mesenteric vein inferior thyroid tubercle 373 inferior thyroid vein inferior thyroid vein infinite inferior trunk of the brachial plexus infinite alleles model inferior turbinate infinitely inferior tympanic canaliculus infinitely dense point inferior vagal ganglia infirmary inferior vena cava inflamed inferior vena cava filter inflamed area inferior vesical artery inflamed lesions inferior view inflammation inferior wall of the inguinal canal inflammation hypothesis inferiorly inflammation of the heart tissue inferolateral inflammation with ulceration inferomedial inflammatory infertile inflammatory activity infertile eggs inflammatory agent infertility inflammatory C components infest inflammatory cells infestation inflammatory changes infestation site inflammatory chemokines infested inflammatory disease infested with inflammatory effects infesting inflammatory focus infiltrate inflammatory granulomas infiltrated with inflammatory infiltrations infiltrates inflammatory lesions infiltration inflammatory markers infiltrative inflammatory mass infiltrative mode of growth inflammatory mediator 374 inflammatory pain inflammatory pain infoldings inflammatory process infoldings of mitochondrial membrane inflammatory reaction information inflammatory response information molecule inflammatory signals information processing inflammatory site information sequence inflammatory tissue reaction information signaling inflate information storage molecule inflated information transfer inflated pods information transfer system inflation informational DNA inflexibility informational molecules inflexible information-processing ability inflict injury informative sequence data inflorescence infraclavicular area inflow infraclavicular region inflowing blood infraglenoid tubercle influence infraglottic cavity influenced by infrahyoid influenza A virus infrahyoid muscles influenza A, B, C virus infrahyoid muscles influenza season inframammary folds influenzalike in-frame influenzalike infections infranodal block influenza-like symptoms infraorbital influx infraorbital area infolded infraorbital artery infolding infraorbital canal 375 infraorbital foramen infraorbital foramen ingest infraorbital groove ingested infraorbital margin of the maxilla ingestion infraorbital nerve ingestion anthrax infrapatellar ingredient infrapatellar connective tissue ingroup infrapatellar fat pad ingrowths infrapatellar synovial fold inguinal aponeurotic falx infrared radiation inguinal area infrared receptors inguinal canal infrascapular inguinal falx infrascapular pain inguinal hernia infrascapular region inguinal ligament infraspinatus muscle inguinal lymph nodes infrasternal angle inguinal lymphadenopathy infratemporal crest inguinal nodes infratemporal fossa inguinal region infratrochlear inguinal ring infratrochlear nerve inguinal triangle infravaginal portion INH infundibular pulmonary stenosis inhabit infundibular stalk inhalation infundibuliform fascia inhalation allergy infundibulopelvic ligament inhalation anthrax infundibulum inhalation botulism infundibulum inhaled infundibulum inhaled bronchodilator infusion inhaled oxygen 376 inherent inherent inhibitory neurons inherently inhibitory pathway inherit inhibitory postsynaptic potential inheritance inhibitory potential inheritance pattern inhibitory receptor inherited inhibitory synapses inherited inhomogeneous inherited characters inhospitable environment inherited information inion inherited traits initial inhibin initials inhibit initial assault inhibited initial bodies inhibiting effect initial body inhibiting hormones initial disease symptoms inhibiting proteins initial electron donor inhibition initial focus inhibition zone initial heat inhibitor initial lymphatics inhibitor proteins initial node of Ranvier inhibitor substance initial phase inhibitory initial segment inhibitory activity initial stimulus inhibitory effect initial symptoms inhibitory factors initial therapeutic focus inhibitory interneurons initial transcript inhibitory junction potentials initial-phase inhibitory mold agar initiate 377 initiation initiation injury initiation codon ink initiation complex ink preparation initiation factor ink sac initiation of transcription INK4 proteins initiation proteins inland initiation reaction inland areas initiation site inlet initiation zone innate initiator innate behavior initiator codon innate defects initiator element innate immune cells initiator methionyl-tRNA innate immune defects initiator protein complex innate immune receptors initiator protein DnaA innate immunity initiator proteins innate protections initiator tRNA inner initiator-containing promoters inner bark inject inner canthus injectable inner capsid injectable contraceptives injected inner capsid core inner cell mass injecting inner ear injection inner ear canals injection site inner germ layer injure inner hair cells injuries inner medulla injurious inner medullary collecting ducts 378 inner membrane inner membrane inoculum inner meningeal layer inoculum size inner mitochondrial membrane inoperable cases inner mucosal lining of the jejunum inoperable patients inner nuclear layer inorganic inner organs inorganic compounds inner plexiform layer inorganic ions inner portion inorganic minerals inner retinal layer inorganic phosphates inner retinal surface inorganic salts inner structure inosine inner synovial membrane inositol inner table of skull inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate innermost inositol triphosphate innermost intercostal muscle inositol trisphosphate innervate inotropic action innervated inotropic effect innervating neurons inpatient innervation in-phase light innocuous inpocketing innominate artery input innominate bruit input interactions innovations input of energy inocula inrush of blood inoculate insecicide-impregnated bed nets inoculate plates insect inoculation insect bite inoculation site insect bites and stings 379 insect pests insect pests insertionally insect pollinators insidious onset insect products insidiously insect repellent in-situ method insect toxin allergies insoluble insect virus inspection insect visitation inspiration insect-eater inspiratory capacity insect-eating inspiratory discharge insecticides inspiratory effort insectivore inspiratory muscles insectivorous inspiratory neurons inseminate inspiratory reserve volume inseminated inspiratory stridor insemination inspiratory whoops insensible water loss inspissated insensitive instability insensitivity instantaneous insert instantaneous cardiac vector insert sequence instantaneous growth rate insert size instantaneous speciation insertion instantaneous vector insertion mutagenicity instar insertion sequence instinctual behavior insertion site instrument insertion/deletion polymorphism instrument disinfection insertion/deletion polymorphisms instrumental conditioning insertional inactivation instruments 380 insufficiency insufficiency insulin-producing beta cells insufficiency fracture insulin-producing cells insufficient insulin-resistant insula insulin-resistant state insular cortex insulin-signaling pathway insular lobe insult insulary cortex intact insulating intake insulating capacity integer insulating fat integral membrane proteins insulating feathers integral protein insulating power integrase insulation integrate insulator integrated insulin integrated genomes insulin deficiency integrated passive electrical activity insulin pathway integrated pest management insulin resistance integrated virus insulin shock integrated virus sequences insulin-degrading enzyme integrating center insulin-dependent integrating RNA retrovirus vectors insulin-dependent diabetes integration insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus integration centers insulin-like activity integration host factor insulinlike growth factor integration of viral DNA insulin-like growth factor I integrative power insulinogenic integrator insulinotropic integrin receptors 381 integrins integrins interarticular cartilage integrity interarticular discs integron interarytenoid fold integument interarytenoid notch integumentary interatrial integumentary system interatrial septum integuments interbreed intellectual capacity interbreeding intelligent design theory interbreeding intense intercalary meristem intense sunlight intercalate intense thirst intercalated cells intensely social intercalated discs intensify intercalated duct intensity intercalation intensive care unit intercalator intensive care units intercarpal joints intention tremor intercation interact intercavernous sinus interacting intercellular adhesion molecules interacting loci intercellular air spaces interaction intercellular bridges interactions intercellular bridges interaction network intercellular communication interactions among species intercellular connections interactions between species intercellular DNA transfer interactome intercellular gene transfer interalveolar septum intercellular joining 382 intercellular junctions intercellular junctions intercostal retractions intercellular secretory canaliculi intercostal spaces intercellular space intercostal veins intercellular substance intercostals intercellular transfer intercostobrachial nerve intercept intercourse interchain disulfide bonds intercrosses interchondral joints intercrural fascia intercistron region intercrural fibers interclavicular ligament interdemic selection intercolumnar fascia interdependencies intercolumnar fibers interdependent relationships intercondylar areas interdigestive intercondylar eminence interdigital intercondylar fossa interdigital spaces intercondylar region interdigitating cells intercondylar tubercle interdigitating dendritic cells interconnected interdisciplinary interconnected lakes interface interconversion interfere with interconvert interference interconvertible interference competition intercostal interferon intercostal arteries interferon action intercostal muscles interferon gamma intercostal nerve interferon gene intercostal nerves interferon therapy intercostal nodes interferon-induced proteins 383 interferon-stimulated genes interferon-stimulated genes interlobular septate thickening interferon-γ interlobular veins interferon-γ release assay interlock interferon-γ release test interlocked interfollicular interlocking intergenic intermaxillary suture interglacial intermediary interglacial intermediary metabolism interglacial period intermediate intergluteal cleft intermediate ancestor intergrade intermediate bone interhuman contact intermediate cutaneous nerves interhuman transmission intermediate disturbance hypothesis interictal intermediate fibers interior intermediate filaments interior of the cell intermediate forms interior of the membrane intermediate gamete interkinesis intermediate genotype interlacing intermediate group of back muscles interlaminar nuclei of the thalamus intermediate host interleukin intermediate image interleukin 2 intermediate layer interleukin signal intermediate lobe interleukin-1 intermediate nerve interleukin-12 intermediate olfactory stria interlinked intermediate phenotypes interlobar fissures intermediate phenotypic changes interlobular arteries intermediate species 384 intermediate stage intermediate stage internal carotid intermediate step internal carotid arteries intermediate structure internal carotid artery intermediate tarsal bone internal carotid nerve intermediate tendon internal carotid plexus intermediate/infectious subviral particle internal carotid systems of vessels intermediate-day plants internal cavities of the CNS intermediate-density lipoproteins internal cell antigens intermediolateral column internal cell structures intermediolateral gray column internal changes in temperature intermembrane space internal cistrons intermittent internal defense intermittent claudication internal defense system intermittent recurrent febrile episodes internal ear intermolecular attractions internal environment intermolecular coupling internal fertilization intermolecular forces internal genitalia intermolecular interactions internal hemorrhaging intermolecular triplex internal iliac artery intermuscular septa internal iliac nodes internal internal iliac vein internal acoustic meatus internal iliac vessels internal activities internal inguinal ring internal air spaces internal intercostal internal anal sphincter internal intercostal membrane internal anatomy internal intercostal muscle internal architecture of the cells internal jugular vein internal capsule internal leaf anatomy 385 internal limiting membrane internal limiting membrane internal transcribed spacers internal loop internal transport internal membrane organization internal transportation system internal membrane system internal urethral sphincter internal oblique muscle internal vertebral plexus internal occipital crest internalin internal occipital protuberance internalization internal organ internalize internal os internalized internal pH internally internal pterygoid muscle interneurons internal pudendal artery internodal pathways internal pudendal vein internodes internal pudendal vessels interoceptor internal respiration interossei muscles internal ribosome entry sequence interosseous internal rotation interosseous artery internal segment of the globus pallidus interosseous border internal spaces interosseous border of the fibula internal spermatic fascia interosseous membrane internal structure interosseous nerve internal system of air ducts interosseous sacro-iliac ligament internal thoracic arteries interosseous talocalcaneal ligament internal thoracic veins interpalatine suture internal thoracic vessels interparalog gene conversion internal timer interpeduncular nucleus internal timing mechanisms interphalangeal joints internal tissues interphase 386 interphase cells interphase cells interspecific competition interphase chromatin interspecific embryos interphase chromosome interspecific fertilization interphase nucleus interspecific hybrid interplay interspecific hybridization interpopulation hybrids interspecific interactions interpopulation processes interspecific interactions interposed sequences interspecific mating interpositus nucleus interspecific relationships interpreter interspecific zygote interproximal ulceration interspersed interrelated intersphincteric fistulas interrelationships interspinales interrupt interspinous ligament interrupted interstellar interrupted interstices interrupted aortic arch interstitial interrupted coding sequences interstitial cells interrupted signal receptor conduction interstitial cells of Cajal interruptions interstitial cells of Leydig interscapular pain interstitial chlamydial pneumonia intersected interstitial compartment intersection interstitial dendritic cells intersexual selection interstitial fibrosis interspace interstitial fluid interspecies hybridization interstitial fluid volume interspecies interactions interstitial gradient of NaCI interspecific interstitial nephritis 387 interstitial pneumonia interstitial pneumonia interventricular septum interstitial pulmonary fibrosis interventricular sulcus interstitial space intervertebral body interstitial tissue intervertebral discs interstitium intervertebral foramen interstitium of the lungs intervertebral foramina intertarsal joint intervertebral joints intertidal mudflats intervillus space intertidal organisms interwound DNA chains intertidal zone interwound strands intertragic incisure interwoven intertransversarii intestinal intertrochanteric crest intestinal activity intertrochanteric fracture intestinal adaptation intertrochanteric line intestinal amebas intertubercular plane intestinal amebic infection intertubercular sulcus intestinal amebosis intertwined intestinal anthrax intertypic recombination intestinal bacteria interval intestinal bilharziosis intervals intestinal bleeding intervening intestinal branches intervening DNA intestinal cells intervening DNA sequences intestinal cestode stages intervening sequences intestinal colic interventricular intestinal cramps interventricular foramina intestinal crypts inter-ventricular septal defect intestinal disease 388 intestinal disturbances intestinal disturbances intestinal trunk intestinal diverticula intestinal villi intestinal endocrine cells intestinal wall intestinal epithelial cells intestinal wall granulomas intestinal epithelium intestinal yersiniosis intestinal flora intestinal-type epithelium intestinal flukes intestine intestinal glands intima intestinal infections intimate intestinal juice intimate mutualism intestinal lactase intimin intestinal lining intolerance intestinal lumen intorsion intestinal lymphoid tissue intoxication intestinal motility intra-abdominal intestinal mucosa Intra-abdominal disease intestinal mucus intra-abdominal infection intestinal necrosis intra-abdominal pressure intestinal obstruction intra-arterial intestinal parts intra-articular intestinal passage intra-articular ligament intestinal peptide intra-axial lesion intestinal peristalsis intrabiliary pressure intestinal schistosomosis intracanalicular intestinal smooth muscle cells intracapillary pressure intestinal spasms intracapsular intestinal tissue damage intracardiac intestinal tract intracardiac blood flow 389 intracardiac pressures intracardiac pressures intracellular space intracellular intracellular survival intracellular antigens intracellular tyrosine kinase domain intracellular bacteria intracellularly intracellular bridges intracellularly growing bacteria intracellular compartments intracerebral aneurysm intracellular development intracerebral arterial blood flow intracellular digestion intracerebral arteries intracellular fluid intracerebral calcification intracellular fluid volume intracerebral edema intracellular killing intracerebral hemorrhage intracellular organelles intracerebral pressure intracellular oxidation intracerebrally intracellular parasites intracerebrally inoculated intracellular pathogens intrachain disulfide bonds intracellular peptides intracoronary injection intracellular pH intracortical intracellular processes intracranial intracellular proteins intracranial aspect of the base of the skull intracellular receptor proteins intracranial blood pulsations intracellular receptors intracranial end of the optic canal intracellular recording intracranial hemorrhage intracellular signal intracranial infection intracellular signal receptor intracranial perfusion intracellular signaling intracranial pressure intracellular signaling molecule intracranial vasculature intracellular signaling pathway intracranial venous sinus intracellular signaling systems intractable 390 intractable cough intractable cough intraluminal esophageal pressure intracutaneous intraluminal pressure intracutaneously intramembranous bone development intracytoplasmic intramembranous bone formation intracytoplasmic granules intramitochondrial ribosomes intracytoplasmic inclusions intramolecular intracytoplasmic sperm injection intramolecular base pairing intradermal intramolecular coupling intradermally intramolecular triplex intradural venous sinuses intramural intradural venous structure intramuscular injection intraerythrocytic intramuscularly intrafusal fibers intramyocardial tension intragastric pressure intranasal intragenic recombination intraneuronal intraglomerular mesangial cells intranuclear intrahepatic intraocular pressure intrahepatic biliary radicals intraocular specimens intrahepatic cholestasis intraoperative intrahepatic duct intraoperative findings intrahepatic portal circulation intraoral intrahepatic portal radicles intraorbital intrahepatic portal vein branches intraorbital branch intrahepatic vasculature intraparenchymal intrahypothalamic intraparietal sulci intralaminar intraparotid lymphadenopathy intralesional delivery intrapartum intralobular bile ducts intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis 391 intrapartum fever intrapartum fever intrauterine embryo death intrapartum temperature intrauterine fetal infection intrapericardial pressure intrauterine growth intraperitoneal intrauterine growth restriction intrapersonal intrauterine growth retardation intrapituitary intrauterine insemination intrapleural pressure intravasal catheter intrapleural pressure intravasal coagulation intrapopulation processes intravascular intrapulmonary percussive ventilation intravascular catheter intrapulmonary pressure intravascular coagulation intrarenal intravascular hemolysis intrarenal arterial pressure intravascular lines intrasexual competition intravascular volume intrasexual selection intravenous intraspecific intravenous cannula intraspecific competition intravenous catheter intraspecific matings intravenous drug abusers intraspecific variation intravenous drug use intraspinal intravenous drug users intrastriatal intravenous immune globulin intrathecally intravenous injection intrathoracic abnormalities intravenous pyelography intrathoracic pressure intravenous urogram intrathoracic volume intravenous urography intrauterine intraventricular intrauterine contraceptive devices intraventricular hemorrhage intrauterine device intraventricular pressure 392 intravesical pressure intravesical pressure intron sequence intra-vitam laboratory diagnosis intron units intravitreal antibiotics intron-containing human gene intrinsic intron-exon junction intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cells intron-exon structure intrinsic factor intronic region intrinsic innervation intronless intrinsic muscles intron-mediated exon shuffling intrinsic muscles of the back intrusion intrinsic pathway intrusion injury intrinsic rate of increase intrusions of the sea intrinsic sphincter intrusive thoughts intrinsic system intussusception intrinsic twisting of the DNA helix inulin intrinsically inundate introduce inundated introduced in-utero compression introduction invade introduction site invaders introgress invading introgression invading agents introgressive hybridization invading pathogens introitus invaginate intron invaginated intron excision invagination intron family invariant intron loss invariant bases intron removal invariant chain 393 invariant residues invariant residues invested invasin proteins investigation invasins investigative approach invasion investigator invasive investing fascia invasive diagnostic measures investing layer invasive factors investment in parental care invasive infection inviability invasive properties inviable invasive species in-vitro cellular immunity reactions invasiveness involuntarily inverse correlation involuntary inverse frequency-dependent selection involuntary movements inverse PCR involuted inverse stretch reflex involution inversion involutional osteoporosis inversion heterozygote involved in inversion polymorphism involvement invert involving invertebrate inward invertebrate chordates inward current invertebrates inward extensions inverted inward foldings inverted chromosome inward gradient inverted light microscope inward-moving inverted repeat iodide inverted repeat symmetry iodide binding inverted terminal repeats iodide pump 394 iodinated iodinated ion-exchange chromatography iodination ionic iodine ionic basis iodine compounds ionic bonding iodine wet-mount technique ionic bonds iodine-containing hormones ionic composition iodized salt ionic compounds iodophores ionic concentration gradient iodotyrosine deiodinase ionic detergent iodotyrosines ionic fluxes IOF ionic gradient ion ionic strength ion activity ionizable ion and water homeostasis ionization ion channel mutations ionization technique ion channel protein ionize ion channel receptor ionized ion channel-linked receptors ionized form ion channels ionizing radiation ion concentration ionone ion exchanger ionophore-like protein ion flow ionotropic receptors ion gradient ions ion permeability ion's equilibrium potential ion pumps ions of different m/z values ion source IOP ion transport iota toxin ion transport channels IP ligament 395 IP3 IP3 iron-sulfur iPS cells iron-sulfur world hypothesis ipsilateral irradiate IPSP irradiation IPTG irradiation of the stimulus IPV irreducible IQ testing irreducible complexity IR irregular IR irregular bones Ir genes irregular eye movements IRES structure irregular fever iridium irregular heartbeat and respiration iris irregularities iris stroma irrelevant iris stroma pigmentation irrelevant protein iron irreversible iron capturing system irreversible inhibition iron deficiency anemia irreversible shock iron filings irreversibly iron hematoxylin irreversibly denatured iron porphyrin irrigate iron response element irrigated agriculture iron sensing protein irrigation iron storage disease irrigation water iron sulfide irritability iron transport system irritant iron-binding protein irritant receptors iron-chelating proteins irritate 396 irritated irritated island equilibrium model irritation island lodge IS islands of unmethylated CpG IS element islet amyloid polypeptide isatin-β-thiosemicarbazone islet cell components ischemia islet cell hyperplasia ischemic islet cells ischemic damage islets ischemic heart disease islets of Langerhans ischemic hypoxia islets of the pancreas ischemic stroke isocaloric ischial spine isocapnic buffering ischial tuberosity isocitrate ischioanal fossa isoelectric ischiocavernosus muscle isoelectric focusing ischiococcygeus isoelectric line ischiofemoral ligament isoelectric point ischiopubic rami isoenzymatic ischiopubic ramus isoenzyme ischiorectal fat isoenzyme pattern ischiorectal fossa isoenzyme profiles ischium isoform ISG isogamous island isogamy island biogeography isolate island chain isolate island continent isolated island equilibrium isolated 397 isolated blood lymphocytes isolated blood lymphocytes isonicotinic acid hydrazide isolated by habitat isoosmotic isolated colony technique isopeptidase isolated occurrence isopods, Isopoda isolated reproductively isopotential isolated submucous cleft isoprene units isolated system isoprenoid isolating isopropanol isolating barriers isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside isolating mechanisms isopycnic isolation isopycnic centrifugation isolation by distance isosmotic isolation by distance model isosporiasis isolation medium isosporosis isolation room isothiocyanates isolecithal egg isotonic isoleucine isotonic contraction isomaltase isotonic muscle contractions isomer isotonic saline isomeric isotonic surroundings isomeric form isotope isomerization isotope-coded affinity tags isomerize isotopically enriched isometric isotopically labeled isometrically isotype isomorphic isovolumetric isoniazid isovolumetric relaxation isonicotinamides isovolumetric ventricular relaxation 398 ISP ISP isthmus isthmus uteri itch mite itching itching nodules itch-specific fibers iteroparity iteroparous iteroparous reproduction ITP itraconazole ITSs IUD IUGR IUI IUI procedure IV access ivermectin IVF IVIG Ixodes ricinus Ixodidae 399 J jejunostomy J jejunum J receptors jellies J region jelly coat JAKs jellyfish Janus tyrosine kinases jellylike Japanese B encephalitis jerkily Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction jerky jasmonic acid jet lag jaundice jet propulsion jaundiced jet-propelled Java man JG cells jaw JGA jaw articulation jigger jaw bones join jaw hinge joined by jaw muscles joined end to end jaw musculature joining jawbones joining reaction jawed joining region jawed vertebrates joining segment jawless joint jawless fishes joint and muscle pain jaw-like mandibles joint capsule jaws joint destruction JC virus joint diseases Jeffersonia diphylla joint evolution jejunal joint fir 400 joint fluid joint fluid jugular venous pulse joint line tenderness jugular wall joint movements jugulodigastric node joint pains jugulo-omohyoid node joint position jump joint protein jump dispersal joint punctate jumping genes joint receptors jumping spider family joint repairs jumping spiders joint replacement junction joint sclerosis junction region joint space junctional folds joint swelling junctional insertion diversity joint symptoms junctional site diversity jointed junctions between cells jointed plants jungle yellow fever joule Junin and Machupo viruses jugal junk DNA juglike Jurassic jugular Jurassic period jugular floor jutting jaw jugular foramen juvenile jugular notch juvenile diabetes jugular pulse juvenile hormone jugular system of veins juvenile laryngeal papillomas jugular trunk juvenile mortality jugular tubercle juvenile phase jugular veins juxta-articular bony nodules 401 juxtacapillary receptors juxtacapillary receptors juxtacrine communication juxta-esophageal nodes juxtaglomerular apparatus juxtaglomerular cells juxtallocortex juxtallocortical juxtamedullary juxtamedullary nephrons 402 K K Kauffman-White scheme K kb K cells kbp K strategist kcal K tellurite kDa K turn Kearns–Sayre syndrome K/T extinction keel K/T mass extinction keeled K+ keeled sternum K+ channels keen sense of smell K1 capsular antigen keloid nodules kainate kelp forest kainate receptors kelp in kelp beds kaliuresis kelps kallidin Kelvin units kallikrein keratin proteins kanamycin keratinisation kangaroo family keratinized Kaposi's sarcoma keratinocytes K-Ar dating keratins karyogamy keratitis karyosome keratoconjunctivitis karyotype keratocytes karyotype analysis kernel karyotyping kernicterus Katadyn filters keto Katayama syndrome keto acid katydids keto configuration 403 ketoacidosis ketoacidosis killer T cells ketoconazole killing ketogenic killing curve ketoglutarate killing effectiveness keto group killing mechanisms ketolides kilobases ketone body kilocalorie ketone sugar kilodalton ketones kilojoules ketosis Kimura's two-parameter model ketosteroid kin key adaptation kin recognition key signaling pathways kin selection key species interactions kinase keyhole limpet hemocyanin kinase activity keystone species kinase molecules kidney kinase proteins kidney damage kinds of organisms kidney disorders kinesin kidney stones kinesis kidney tubules kinesthetic-motor Kiesselbach's area kinetic energy Kiesselbach's plexus kinetic folding profile Kiesselbach's triangle kinetics kill kinetics of action kill off kinetochore killed whole cell vaccine kinetochore components killer cells kinetochore end 404 kinetochore microtubules kinetochore microtubules Klenow polymerase kinetochore side Klinefelter syndrome kinetoplast Klippel-Feil syndrome kinetoplast topoisomerase II activity Klumpke palsy kinetoplastid knee cap kinetoplastids, Kinetoplastida knee jerk kingdom knee joint kingdom Animalia knee-jerk reflex kingdom Fungi knife-fish family kingdom plantae knob kingdom Protista knobby kininogen knobby-coated kininogenase knoblike kinins knock out kink knocked down kinked knockout kink-turn knockout gene kink-turn motif knockout mice kinocilium knot formation kinome knotting kinorhynchs, Kinorhyncha knuckle walking kinship knuckles Kinyoun method Koch's phenomenon kissing disease KOH preparation kiwi family kohlrabi kj koilocytes Klenow enzyme koilocytotic cells Klenow fragment Koplik spots 405 Koplik's spots Koplik's spots korarcheotes Korotkoff sounds Krebs cycle Krebs cycle enzymes krill kringles krummholz K-selected species K-selected traits K-selection K-tellurite Kulchitsky cells Kupffer cells kuru Kveim test kynurenine kyphosis 406 labium majus L L labor laboratory L amino acids L channels LA La Crosse virus lab personnel label labeled labeling labeling method labella labellum labia majora labia minora labial labial artery labial branches labial frenum labial gingivae labial glands labial nerve labial swellings labile lability labioscrotal swelling labioscrotal swellings 407 laboratory detection laboratory diagnosis laboratory diagnostic confirmation laboratory diagnostic methods laboratory diagnostic procedures laboratory diagnostic tools laboratory diagnostics laboratory diagnostics procedure laboratory findings laboratory infections laboratory processing laboratory resistance testing laboratory staff laboratory stock laboratory technologist laboratory test laboratory tests laboratory trials laboratory-bred laboratory-derived laboratory-prepared laboratory-reared labored labrocytes labrum labyrinth labyrinth lacrimal canaliculitis labyrinthine artery lacrimal caruncle labyrinthine righting reflexes lacrimal drainage system labyrinthine vein lacrimal fold labyrinthine wall of the middle ear lacrimal fossa labyrinthitis lacrimal glands labyrinthodont lacrimal groove labyrinthodonts lacrimal lake lac operator sequence lacrimal nerve lac operator site lacrimal papilla lac operon lacrimal punctum lac operon promoter lacrimal sac lac repressor lacrimal secretory ducts lacerations lacrimation lacis cells lactalbumin lack lactamase lack of exercise lactate lack of menstruation lactate dehydrogenase lack of oxygen lactate fermentation lacking lactating lacking in blood lactation lack-of-breast-milk jaundice lacteals lac-negative lactic acid lacrimal lactic acid bacteria lacrimal apparatus lactic acid fermentation lacrimal artery lactic acidosis lacrimal bones lactiferous ducts lacrimal canaliculi lactobacilli 408 lactoferrin lactoferrin lagging strand lactogenic lagomorphs lactophenol blue Lagomorpha lactophenol blue preparation LAK cells lactophenol cotton blue lambda lactose lambda repressor lactose intolerance lambdoid suture lactose operon lambliosis lactose operon structural genes lamellae lactose permease lamellae of collagen fibrils lactose repressor lamellar lactose repressor protein lamellar bodies lactose-intolerant lamellas lactose-positive lamellipodia lactose-utilizing enzymes lamina lactosylceramide lamina cribrosa lactotropes lamina fusca lacunae lamina of modiolus lacunar ligament lamina papyracea LAD lamina propria ladder lamina terminalis ladder-type nervous system laminae Ladd's bands laminar laden laminar flow Lady Windermere syndrome laminar segment lady's glove Laminaria lag laminarin lag phase laminated 409 laminated layer laminated layer landscape biology laminectomy landscape conservation laminins landscape ecology L-amino acids landscape management lamins land-use planning lamivudine lane lamp shells Langerhans cells lamprey eels Langhans giant cells lamprey larvae language areas lampreys language center Lancefield antigen language development Lancefield group A antigen language disorders Lancefield groups language processing lancelets langurs lancet lanugo lancet liver fluke lap land clearing lap up land clearing for farmland laparoscope land connections laparoscopically land cultivation for agriculture laparotomy land subsidence large land-bound large arteries land-dwelling large biological molecules land-dwelling animals large bowel land-dwelling life large broods landing platform large cell variants landmark learning large deletions landmass large DNA viruses 410 large granular lymphocyte large granular lymphocyte larval duration large hepatic portal vein larval migration large intestine larval morphogenesis large liver fluke larval parasites large molecules larval period large protein larval stage large renal artery larval survival large roundworm larval worms large sensory root laryngeal large systemic veins laryngeal airway large T-antigen laryngeal arteries large tendon laryngeal cartilage large tracts of noncoding DNA laryngeal cavity large veins laryngeal inlet large-bodied laryngeal muscles large-effect small-effect mutations laryngeal obstruction large-scale laryngeal papillomas large-scale phenotypic changes laryngeal prominence lariat laryngeal saccule larva laryngeal ventricle larva migrans externa laryngeal wall larva migrans interna laryngeal wheezing larvaceans laryngitis larvae laryngopharynx larval laryngoscope larval culture laryngospasm larval cysticercoid stage laryngotracheobronchitis larval cysts larynx 411 Lassa fever Lassa fever latent tuberculosis bacteria infection Lassa fever virus latently Lassa virus late-onset disease lasting late-onset-CAH latch bridge mechanism later-acting late lateral late blight lateral to late ejection clicks lateral arcuate ligament late endosome lateral aspect of the abdominal aorta late genes lateral aspect of the skull late gummatous syphilis lateral branches late latency syphilis lateral buds late proliferative phase lateral canthus late seral forest lateral cerebral sulcus late syphilis lateral cervical ligament late wood lateral check ligament late-acting lateral column late-maturing lateral condyle of the femur latency lateral corticospinal tract latency period lateral crico-arytenoid muscle latency-associated transcripts lateral cricoarytenoid muscles latent lateral crus latent form lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm latent infection lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh latent period lateral digits latent period lateral expansion latent state lateral femoral circumflex artery latent syphilis lateral figers 412 lateral fissure lateral fissure lateral mesoderm lateral fornix of the vagina lateral movement lateral funiculus of the spinal cord lateral nasal area lateral gene transfer lateral nasal branch lateral geniculate body lateral nasal cartilage lateral geniculate nuclei lateral nasal wall lateral gray horn lateral neck lateral horn lateral olfactory stria lateral horn lateral olfactory tract lateral hyothyroid ligament lateral orbital tubercle lateral inhibition lateral palpebral commissure lateral intercellular spaces lateral palpebral ligament lateral lacunae lateral palpebral raphe lateral ligament lateral palpebral tendon lateral ligament complex lateral pelvic wall lateral line canal lateral plantar artery lateral line organ lateral plantar branches of the tibial nerve lateral line system lateral plate of the pterygoid process lateral lip of iliac crest lateral popliteal nerve lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus lateral process lateral pterygoid lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus lateral pterygoid muscle lateral lip of the linea aspera lateral radiograph lateral malleolus lateral rectus lateral mamillary nucleus lateral rectus muscle lateral margin of rib II lateral reticular nucleus lateral meniscus lateral root of the median nerve lateral meristems lateral roots 413 lateral rotation lateral rotation laterally compressed lateral rotators of the femur late-stage disease lateral sacral artery late-successional species lateral sacs latex lateral semicircular canal latex agglutination lateral septal nuclei latex agglutination test lateral shoots latex particles lateral sulcus latimeria lateral supracondylar ridge Latimeria chalumnae lateral supraepicondylar ridge latissimus dorsi lateral sural cutaneous nerve latissimus dorsi muscle lateral tegmental system latitude of a community lateral thoracic artery latitudinal lateral thyrohyoid ligament latitudinal gradient lateral transfer latitudinal temperature gradient lateral translocation latitudinal transect lateral vessels LATs lateral vestibular nucleus launch lateral view Lauraceae lateral vocal folds Laurasia lateral wall laurel family lateral wall of the axilla lava rock lateral wall of the cranium lavage lateral wall of the intercondylar fossa of the femur law of independent assortment law of projection lateral walls of the pelvis law of segregation lateralization law of specific nerve energies laterally lawn 414 laws of inheritance laws of inheritance leader peptide-encoding sequence laxative leader region laxative effect leader RNA lay leader RNA sequence layer leader sequence layered leading strand layering leaf layers leaf abscission layers of sediment leaf area index LB leaf axil LB pathogens leaf beetles LCA leaf drop LCAT leaf epidermis LCM virus leaf hairs LCR leaf insects L-cysteine leaf litter LDH leaf litter LDL leaf margins LDL cholesterol leaf miner LDL receptor protein leaf mulch LE leaf primordia leached leaf ribs leaching leaf scar lead pipe rigidity leaf shape leader leaf sheath leader mRNA leaf stalk leader peptide leaf surface leader peptide coding sequence leaf tissue 415 leaf traces leaf traces learning and behavioral problems leaf variation learning disabilities leaf veins learning skills leaf’s tissues learning social skills leaf-bearing least splanchnic nerve leaf-cutter ants leathery leaf-cutting ants leave leaf-eating leaving leafhoppers Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy leafless lecithin leaflet lecithinase leaflets lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase leaflike lectins leaflike lobes leeches leaf's mesophyll cells leeward leaf-shaped left anterior descending artery leaf-tailed gecko left anterior hemiblock leafy left aortic sinus leafy liverworts left ascending lumbar vein leak left atrial appendage leak out left atrial blood leakage left atrial pressure leaky left atrial systole leaky lysosomes left atrioventricular ring leaps left atrioventricular valve learned left atrium learned behavior left axis deviation learning ability left brachiocephalic vein 416 left bronchomediastinal trunk left bronchomediastinal trunk left lung left bundle branch left main bronchi left bundle branch block left main stem vessel left clavicle left marginal artery left colic artery left pericardiacophrenic vein left colic flexure left phrenic nerve left colic vein left planum temporale left common carotid artery left posterior fascicle left common iliac artery left psoas major muscle left common iliac vein left pulmonary artery left coronary artery left pulmonary surface left crus of the diaphragm left recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve left fibrous trigone left recurrent laryngeal nerve left fifth intercostal space left subclavian artery left gastric artery left subclavian trunk left gastric nodes left subcostal vein left gastric vein left superior intercostal vein left gastro-omental artery left suprarenal gland left gastro-omental vein left transverse sinus left groin left upper quadrant left hepatic artery left vagus nerve left hypochondrium left ventricle left iliac fossa pain left ventricular left jugular trunk left ventricular ejection left labium minus left ventricular ejection time left lower quadrant left ventricular hypertrophy left lumbar trunk left ventricular output left lumbar veins 417 left ventricular stiffness left ventricular stiffness leishmania left-handed leishmaniosis left-handed amino acids lek left-handers lemniscal system left-mouthed length left-pointing mouth lengthen left-right axis lengthening left-right pairs lengthening reaction left-sided cardiac enlargement lengthwise left-sided outflow tract obstruction lengthwise horizontal cut left-to-right shunt lengthwise vertical cut left-to-right shunting lengthwise view leg lengthy legs lens leg bone lens capsule leg flexors lens capsule surface leg swelling lens equator leg veins lens nucleus legged lens plate leghemoglobin lens rinsing liquid legionary ants lens system legionellosis lens vesicle Legionnaires' disease lenticels Legionnaire's pneumonia lenticular nucleus legless lentivirus legume lepidopterans legumes Lepidoptera leguminous plants lepidosaurs 418 Lepidosauria Lepidosauria lesser palatine vessels lepidosauromorphs lesser pelvis Lepidosiren paradoxus lesser petrosal nerve lepromatous leprosy lesser sac lepromin skin test lesser sciatic foramen lepromin test lesser sciatic notch leprosy bacteria lesser splanchnic nerve leprosy bacterium lesser trochanter leprosy pathogen lesser trochanter of femur leprous lesser tubercle leptin lesser vestibular glands leptomeningeal angiomatosis lesser wings of the sphenoid leptospires lethal leptospirosis lethal activity lesion biopsy lethal allele lesion material lethal factor lesion pus lethal outcome lesion specimen lethality lesions lethality rate lesser apes lethally lesser circulation lethargic lesser curvature lethargy lesser horn leucine lesser occipital nerve leucine residues lesser omentum leucine zipper lesser palatine canal leucine zipper proteins lesser palatine foramina leucines lesser palatine nerve leuconoid system 419 leu-enkephalin leu-enkephalin levator palpebrae superioris muscle leukemia cells levator prostatae muscle leukemia inhibitory factor levator scapulae leukemogenesis levator veli palatini muscle leukocidin levatores costarum muscles leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome levee leukocyte common antigen level leukocyte extract levels leukocyte function–associated antigen-1 level of health care leukocyte integrins level of manifestation leukocyte interferon level of order leukocytes level off leukocytosis level out leukodystrophy leveling out leukokoria Levinthal agar leukomoid reaction levocardia leukopenia levodopa leukosis virus levofloxacin leukotriene inhibitors Lewis structure leukotrienes Lewy bodies levamisole Leydig cells levan LFA levan capsule LFA-1 levator anguli oris muscle L-forms levator ani muscle lgG antibodies levator complex LGL levator labii superioris muscle LGV levator labiisuperioris alaeque nasi LGV serovar 420 LH LH life history characteristics LHRH life history theory Li life history traits LI sequences life processes liberate life sciences libido life span library life table lice life time licensed life zone licensed origin of replication life’s unity licensing factor life-form licensing proteins lifeless lichen lifelong immunity lichen algae lifelong infection lichen thallus lifespan lichens lifespan-extending genes lid lifestyle lid edema lifestyle factors lid retractors life-support system lidocaine life-sustaining lie life-threatening LIF lifetime life lifetime breeding success life activities lifetime fitness life cycle lift life expectancy ligament life forces ligament of Struthers life histories ligament of the ovary 421 ligament of Treitz ligament of Treitz light compensation point ligamenta flava light detector ligamentous band light DNA ligamentous disruption light energy ligamentum arteriosum light exposure ligamentum flavum light gap ligamentum nuchae light interception ligamentum teres light micrograph ligand light microscope ligand binding light microscopy ligand molecules light penetration ligand-binding domain light rays ligand-gated light reactions ligand-gated channel light reception ligand-gated ion channels light reflex Ligand-receptor complex light scattering ligase light splitting of water ligate light stimulus ligated light touch ligation light zone ligation products light-absorbing ligation reaction light-chain gene light absorption light-dark cycle light activation light-dependent phase light adaptation light-dependent reaction light capture light-detecting organ light chains light-driven light coma light-emitting 422 light-focusing lens light-focusing lens limbic cortex light-grown limbic lobe light-harvesting limbic system light-harvesting complex limbic–hypothalamic circuit lightheadedness limbless light-independent reactions limbus light-induced damage limbus fossa ovalis light-responsive limestone cave light-responsive gene limestone cups light-scatter analysis limestone rock light-sensitive limited food supply lightweight bones limiting pH lignified limiting resource lignin limits on population growth lignite limnetic like limnetic zone lilac limp lily family limpets Liliaceae limpness lim broth Limuluspolyphemus limb lincomycin limb bone structure lincosamide antibiotics limb muscles lincosamides limb swelling lindane limb veins line limb-girdle muscular dystrophy LINE elements limbic line of defense limbic circuit line of descent 423 line of research line of research lined line of sight lined up line of treatment lined with line up LINES linea alba lines of communication linea aspera lines of evolution linea terminalis linezolid lineage lingual artery lineage sorting lingual frenum linear lingual gingivae linear acceleration lingual lipase linear cell file lingual nerve linear DNA lingual thyroid linear DNA genome lingual tonsil linear DNA molecules lingually linear electron flow linguistic capabilities linear epitope lingula linear file lingula I linear growth of the skeleton lingula of left lung linear movement lingular lobe infiltrates linear order of genes lining linear peptides lining cells linear polymer link linear proteins linkage linear relation linkage disequilibrium linear sequence linkage disequilibrium mapping linearized linkage equilibrium linearly linkage map 424 linkage mapping linkage mapping lipase linked lipemia linked end-to-end lipid linked genetically lipid bilayer linked noncovalently lipid biosynthesis linked variation lipid breakdown linker DNA lipid complexes linker histones lipid compounds linker peptide lipid deposits linker proteins lipid droplets linker region lipid envelope linkers lipid granules linking lipid membrane linking number lipid membrane coat linking proteins lipid metabolism Linnaean lipid molecules Linnaean categories lipidated Linnaean classification lipid-containing viruses Linnaean classification system lipid-derived plant hormone Linnaean ranks lipid-digesting enzymes Linnaean system lipid-enveloped virus Linnaean system of naming species lipid-laden macrophages linoleic acid lipid-linked linolenic acid lipidomics Linyphiid spiders, Linyphiidae lipid-overload hypothesis lip lipid-rich lip closure lipids lip smacking lipid-soluble 425 lipoarabinogalactan lipoarabinogalactan liquid form lipoarabinomannan liquid phase lipochrome pigment liquid phase hybridization lipocytes liquid solution lipodystrophy liquid transport medium lipogenesis liquid water lipogenic enzymes liquid/electrolyte unbalance lipoid A liquid-crystalline lipolysis liquids lipolytic effects L-isomers lipooligosaccharide listeria lipopeptides Listeriae lipophilic Listeria monocytogenes lipopolysaccharide listeriolysin lipopolysaccharide antigen listeriolysin O lipopolysaccharide complex listeriopods lipoprotein complex listless lipoprotein envelope lithiasis lipoprotein lipase lithium lipoproteins Lithobius forficatus liposome-based transfection lithocholic acid liposomes lithosphere lipoteichoic acids lithospheric lipoxins lithotomy position lipoxygenase lithotrophic lips of the blastopore lithotrophs liquefy litmus liquid litter 426 litter layer litter layer liver lobule little finger liver palms little toe liver parenchyma Little's area liver rot littoral liverwort-like littoral zone liverworts live livestock live births live-virus vaccine live in trees living live off living cells live on living material live to maturity living matter live vaccine materials living space live vaccines living system live weight living vaccine live, attenuated, trivalent measles, mumps and rubella vaccine living world lizard-hipped dinosaurs live-bearing lizardlike liveborn child Lk liver LM liver abscess LMS liver bud load liver capsule loaded liver cells liver cirrhosis loading liver enlargement loams liver fluke loamy soil liver function loaosis 427 lobar bronchi lobar bronchi local adaptations lobar bronchus local allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis lobar consolidation local anesthetics lobar emphysema local cell damage lobar pneumonia local circuit neurons lobe local DNA unwinding lobe fins local environment lobectomy local hormones lobed local infection lobed fins local intercellular dissemination lobe-finned local lymphadenitis lobe-fins local mate competition lobe-finned fish local microcirculation lobelike local nerve damage lobes of cerebrum local paralytic ileus lobes of glandular tissue local potential changes lobe-shaped local regulators lobopods local response lobose local sign lobular disarray local signaling lobular necrosis local trend lobulated local twisting of the DNA axis lobule locality lobules localization lobuloalveolar development localize lobulus simplex localized local localized tetanus localizing symptoms 428 locally locally locus ceruleus locally adapted locus ceruleus system locally adapted alleles locus control region locally extinct populations locus of enterocyte effacement locally extinct species lodge locate Loffler medium located Loffler nutrient medium location Löffler syndrome location indicators log loci log growth phase lock log scale lock-and-key minor groove interactions logarithmic phase locked logarithmic phase locked-in syndrome logarithmic plot lockjaw logarithmic scales lockjaw logarithmically Lockwood's ligament logged locomotion logging locomotive organelles logistic locomotor logistic equation locomotor activity logistic growth model locomotor reflexes logistic model locomotor style logistic population growth locomotory logistically locomotory muscles log-log plot locoregional log-phase growth locoregional lymph node chains loiasis locus 429 loin pain loin pain long-dwelling lone longer-lasting block lone star tick longer-latency long longer-lived long arm longevity long bones longevity of species long ciliary arteries long-extinct long ciliary nerves longissimus long fibers longissimus capitis muscle long head of the triceps brachii longissimus cervicis muscle long head of triceps brachii longissimus muscle long interspersed elements longissimus thoracis muscle long interspersed repeats longitudinal long muscles of the back longitudinal arch of the foot long plantar ligament longitudinal binary fission long process of the incus longitudinal groove long QT syndrome longitudinal muscles long RNA sequences longitudinal section long rotators longitudinal striae long terminal repeat sequences longitudinally long terminal repeats long-lasting long thoracic nerve long-lived long-bone growth long-necked long-chain long-night plant long-chain fatty acids long-prevalent long-day plant long-range interactions long-distance long-standing long-distance signaling long-sustained 430 long-term long-term loperamide long-term depression Lophiliformes long-term effects lophophorate long-term evolution lophophore long-term memory lophotrichous flagellation long-term potentiation lophotrochozoan long-terminal repeat elements lophotrochozoans longus capitis muscle Lophotrochozoa longus colli lordosis loop lords-and-ladies loop domains lorica loop of Henle loricates loop of Willis loriciferans, Loricifera loop regions lorises looped LOS looped domain structure lose looped out loss looping loss of apoptosis loop-shaped loss of appetite loose binding loss of biodiversity loose connective tissue loss of body fat loose-fitting loss of bone mass loosely arranged loss of consciousness loosely associated loss of eyesight loosely attached loss of genetic diversity loosely bound loss of genetic variation loosely jointed jaw structure loss of judgment loosely packed loss of memory 431 loss of motivation loss of motivation low output region loss of muscle tone low plain loss of myelin sheaths low posterior hairline loss of responsiveness to insulin low response loss of sensation low solubility loss of sleep low tide loss of species low yielding loss of the embryo low-affinity loss of the sense of smell low-avidity autoantibodies loss of weight and appetite low-carbohydrate loss-of-function low-density lipoprotein receptor protein loss-of-function mutation low-density lipoproteins loss-of-function receptor mutation low-dose diphtheria toxoids lotion base low-energy Lou Gehrig's disease Lowenstein-Jensen louse antigen Lowenstein-Jensen medium louse infestation lower low lower abdomen low back pain lower abdominal pain low birth weight lower abdominal wall low blood glucose lower airway low blood glucose concentration lower airways low blood pressure lower aphotic zone low fever lower aphotic zone low forehead lower atmosphere low molecular weight form lower back low molecular weight fraction lower body low mood lower border of the ear 432 lower border of the gluteus maximus lower border of the gluteus maximus lower subscapular nerve lower brain lower teeth lower cervical vertebrae lower trunk of the brachial plexus lower concave surface lower urinary tract lower esophageal sphincter lower vagina lower eukaryotes lowered resistance lower eyelid lower-energy lower face lower-level lower fornix lower-ranking lower jaw lower-than-normal lower left sternal border lowest splanchnic nerve lower leg lowest tracheal ring lower legs low-frequency lower limb low-grade blood loss lower lip low-growing lower lobe lowland lower lung margin lowland areas lower motor neurons lowland regions lower occiput lowlands lower oral surface low-level lower plants low-lying lower respiratory system low-molecular-weight lower respiratory tract low-mood lower respiratory tract infections low-pitched sounds lower ribs low-predation lower sacral segment low-pressure lower small intestine low-pressure system lower splanchnic nerves low-protein 433 low-ranking low-ranking lumbar low-resistance lumbar arteries low-risk lumbar back pain low-salt diet lumbar CSF pressure low-specificity lumbar dorsal column fibers low-temperature pasteurization lumbar enlargement low-tree layer lumbar nerve root lesions low-voltage lumbar nerves low-volume tidal breathing lumbar nodes LPS lumbar plexus LPS-induced B cell activation lumbar puncture LPS-mediated activation signal lumbar region L-pyrrolidonyl arylamidase lumbar somatic plexus L-shaped tertiary structure lumbar splanchnic nerve LT lumbar tap LTD lumbar transverse processes LTP lumbar veins LTR lumbar vertebra LTR elements lumbar vertebrae lubricant lumbar vertebral bodies lubricate lumbar vertebral column lubricating lumbar vertebral column injury lucid lumbar vertebral spinous processes luciferase lumber lues lumbering Lugol’s iodine lumborum Lugol's solution lumbosacral lumbago lumbosacral chain 434 lumbosacral enlargement lumbosacral enlargement lung lumbosacral ganglia lung apices lumbosacral joint lung aplasia lumbosacral junction lung buds lumbosacral plexus lung collapse lumbosacral region lung compliance lumbosacral trunk lung expansion lumbrical muscles lung flukes lumbricals lung function Lumbricus terrestris lung hypoplasia lumefantrine lung infection lumen lung inflation lumen of the uterine tube lung parenchyma lumen of the follicle lung parenchymal damage lumina lung segment luminal lung viscosity luminal activity lungfishes luminal diameter of a vein lungless salamanders luminal narrowing lung-to-brain circulation time luminesce lunula of the semilunar cusp luminescence lunules of semilunar cusps luminescent lupin lumirubin lupine lump lupinus lumpectomy lupus lunar cycles lupus erythematosus lunate bone LUQ pain lunate surface Luschka's joints 435 luteal cells luteal cells lymph node aspirate luteal phase lymph node biopsies lutein lymph node biopsy luteinised lymph node enlargement luteinizing lymph node parenchyma luteinizing hormone lymph node swelling luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone lymph nodes in the armpit luteolysis lymph nodules luteolytic lymph organ luteotropic lymph tissue lutropin lymph trunks luxation injuries lymph vessels LV lymphadenitis LV outflow tract lymphadenitis of the mesenteric lymph nodes LV systolic volume lymphadenopathic stage LVET lymphadenopathy lyase lymphagogues lycopenes lymphangiogenesis lycophytes, Lycophyta lymphangioma Lymantria dispar lymphangitis Lyme arthritis lymphatic Lyme borreliosis lymphatic capillaries Lyme disease lymphatic channels lymph lymphatic circulation lymph capillaries lymphatic drainage lymph flow lymphatic ducts lymph glands lymphatic filariasis lymph node 436 lymphatic filariosis lymphatic filariosis lymphoepithelial organs lymphatic network lymphogenous lymphatic nodule lymphogenously lymphatic obstruction lymphogranuloma venereum lymphatic plexus lymphohematopoietic lymphatic varices lymphohematopoietic cells lymphatic vessels lymphohematopoietic system lymphatics lymphoid lymphedema lymphoid cells lymphoblastoid cell line lymphoid follicle lymphocutaneous infection lymphoid follicles lymphocutaneous syndrome lymphoid interstitial pneumonia lymphocyte lymphoid lineage lymphocyte cell surface antigens lymphoid microenvironments lymphocyte chimerism lymphoid organ lymphocyte function lymphoid progenitor lymphocyte function antigen lymphoid stem cells lymphocyte function test lymphoid tissue lymphocyte stimulation assay lymphoid tissue lymphocyte-specific lymphokine-activated killer cells lymphocytic lymphokines lymphocytic choriomeningitis lymphoma lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus lymphoma cells lymphocytic infiltrate lymphoproliferative lymphocytic infiltration lymphotactin lymphocytic leukemia lymphotoxin lymphocytic system lymphotropic lymphoedema lympoid 437 lyophilized lyophilized lysogeny lysate lysolecithin lyse lysophosphatidylcholine lyse holes lysosomal lysed lysosomal contents lysed-blood-enriched medium lysosomal enzymes lysergic acid lysosomal factors lysergic acid diethylamide lysosomal membranes lysin genes lysosomal storage disease lysin receptor gene lysosome membranes lysine lysosomes lysine residues lysotype lysing cells lysotyping lysis lysozyme lysis-agglutination reaction lyssavirus lysis-agglutination test lysylbradykinin lysogenic lytic lysogenic conversion lytic CD8+ T-cell responses lysogenic cycle lytic complex lysogenic infection lytic cycle lysogenic pathway lytic effector function lysogenic phase lytic enzymes lysogenic state lytic infection lysogenization lytic mode lysogenization process lytic phase lysogenize lytic reproductive cycle lysogenized lytic unit lysogenized by a bacteriophage lytic viral life cycle 438 lytic viral reproduction lytic viral reproduction 439 M macrocytosis M cells macroevolution M cells in the intestinal mucosa macroevolutionary M group of HIV-1 macroevolutionary patterns M phase macroevolutionary studies M protein macrofilariae M. tuberculosis complex macrogamete M13 macrogametocytes M13 phage vectors macrogamont M13 vectors macroglia m7G macroheterogeneity MAC macrolecithal MacConkey agar macrolide antibiotics MacConkey sorbitol agar macrolides macerate macromolecular machinery macromolecular assemblages machinery murmur macromolecular assembly machinery type murmur macromolecular complex machinery-like murmur macromolecular complexes of DNA Mackenrodt's ligament macromolecules macrobroth dilution test macromutational jumps macroclimate macronuclei macrocolonies macronucleus macroconidia macronutrients macrocyclic lactone ring macroorganism macrocystic lymphatic malformation macrophage activating factor macrocytic macrophage apoptosis macrocytic anemia macrophage colony-stimulating factor 440 macrophage family cells macrophage family cells maculous macrophage killing maculous exanthem macrophage-lineage mad cow disease macrophage-resistant Madin-Darby canine kidney cells macrophages madreporite macrophagetropic Mads-box genes macroscopic Madura foot macroscopically maedivirus macrosomia mAf macrosomic MAF macrotraumata maggot macrovascular magnesium macula magnesium carbonate macula communicans magnesium chloride macula densa magnesium sulfate macula lutea magnetic bead cell-separation technique macula of saccule magnetic beads macula of utricle magnetic coils macular area magnetic field macular disease magnetic pulse sorting macular edema magnetic resonance image macular exanthem magnetic resonance imaging macular fibers magnetic reversals macular rash magnetism macular region magnetite maculopapular rash magnification power maculopapulous exanthem magnifying lens maculopapulous exanthema 441 malabsorption syndrom malabsorption syndrom malate ions malachite green malathion malachite green stain male malacostracan crustaceans male cells malacostracans male characteristics maladaptive male circumcision maladaptive direction male coloration malaise male competition for mates malar bone male development malaria male donkey malaria quartana male escutcheon malaria tertiana male fetus malaria tropica male genital development malaria-causing protist male genitalia malarial male offspring malarial course male precocious puberty malarial malaria male pronucleus malarial organism male pronucleus growth factor malarial parasite male pseudohermaphroditism malarial parasites male secondary sex characteristics malarial paroxysm male sterility malarial pathogenesis male zygote malarial pigment male-female pairing malarial plasmodia maleness malarialike symptoms male-specific malarious male-sterile malarious symptoms male-sterile plants malate maleylacetoacetate 442 malformation malformation malleus malformed malleus malformed ears malnourished malfunction malnourishment malfunction of the circulatory system malnutrition malfunctions malocclusion malfunctions in development malonate malfunctions of the immune system Malpighian tubules malic acid malpositioned ears malignancies malrotation with volvulus malignancy MALT malignancy patients Malta fever malignant maltase malignant cells MALToma malignant degeneration maltose malignant disease maltotriose malignant external otitis malt-worker's lung malignant mass mamane tree malignant melanoma mamillary bodies malignant nodule mamillary body malignant process mamillothalamic tract malignant tertian malaria mammae malignant transformation mammalian malleability mammalian cells mallee scrub mammalian expression vectors malleolar folds mammalian interspersed repeats malleolar fossa mammal-like mallet 443 mammary development mammary development mandibular primary incisors mammary ducts mandibular second premolar mammary epithelium mandibular symphysis mammary glands Mandibulata mammary tissue mandibulates mammillary bodies mane mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae mangabeys mammogram manganese mammograms mangoflies mammotropes mangrove forests manage mangrove tree manageable mangroves manageable to study manic phase management manic-depressive disorder management of natural resources manifest management plan manifest disease management units manifestation manatees manifestations mandible manifested mandibles manipulate mandibular manipulated mandibular canal manipulated genetically mandibular foramen manipulation mandibular fossa manipulation of sex ratio mandibular incisors manipulations mandibular labial frenum manipulative experiments mandibular nerve mannans mandibular notch mannitol 444 mannitol salt agar mannitol salt agar mapped gene mannose mapping mannose-6-phospate mapping process mannose-6-phosphate receptor mapping studies mannose-binding protein maps of chromosomes mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan maquis mantle marabunta mantle cavity maraviroc Mantoux test Marburg virus Mantoux tuberculin skin test march equinox Mantoux tuberculin test Marchantia manual dexterity Marchantia polymorpha manubriosternal joint margin manubrium margin of expression manubrium of the sternum margin of the perineal membrane manufacture marginal artery of Drummond manyfold expansion marginal artery of the colon many-legged marginal branch manyplies marginal bundle of Drualt MAO marginal mandibular branch map marginal sinus MAP kinase cascade marginal zone map of the genes marginal zone macrophages map position of the mutation margination of chromatin map positions of the genes on the DNA margins of the esophagus map sense marigold map unit marijuana MAP-kinase signaling pathway marine 445 marine biologist marine biologist marsh gas marine biomass marshes marine biomes marshy marine ecosystems marsupials, marsupial mammals marine life marsupium marine mammals Martin-Bell syndrome marine sand masculine marine snails masculinity marine snow masculinization marine worms masculinizing effects marine zonation mask mark masked mRNA marked masked-palm civets marker masking marker inheritance mass marker neutrality mass action contraction marker polymorphism mass determination marker substance mass extinction marking mass extinction events markings mass lesions mark-recapture method mass number mark-recapture studies mass of an atom marks mass reflex marmosets mass spectra marriages of close relatives mass spectrometry marrow mass spectrum marrow cavity mass treatment of dogs marsh massa intermedia 446 mass-dependent mass-dependent mastodon masses of tissue mastoid air cells masseter muscle mastoid antrum masseteric artery mastoid area masseteric nerve mastoid cells massive mastoid foramen massive bacterial contamination mastoid nodes massive corticosteroid therapy mastoid notch massive diarrhea mastoid part massive starvation mastoid process massive systemic infections mastoid wall mass-treatment mastoiditis mast cell receptor mat mast cell-derived mediators match mast cells matching mastadenovirus mate mastectomy mate attractants master mate choice master chronology mate guarding master clock mate preference master control gene mate recognition master gene mate recognition system master gland of the body mate selection master regulatory genes mate-choice copying mastication mated mastitis mated pair mastitis puerperalis mate-guarding behavior mastocytes material 447 material sampling material sampling maternity and paternity testing materials mates maternal mate-seeking maternal allele mathematical differentials maternal allele expression mathematical ecosystem models maternal anterior-posterior information mathematical formulation maternal behavior mathematical modeling maternal chromosome mating maternal colostrum mating activity maternal effect genes mating advantage maternal effect proteins mating behavior maternal effects mating bridge maternal family line mating calls maternal fever mating discrimination maternal genital herpes mating displays maternal homologue mating factor molecules maternal illness mating factors maternal inheritance mating flight maternal line mating frequency maternal nutrition mating ground maternal PKU mating habits maternal serum a-fetoprotein mating pair maternal serum alpha fetoprotein mating pair-bond maternal set mating patterns maternal-fetal blood type incompatibilities mating preferences maternally mating process maternally derived endocarp tissue mating receptiveness maternally inherited mating relationship 448 mating ritual mating ritual maturity mating signal Maurer dots mating success Maurer's clefts mating system maxilla mating system maxillae mating type maxillary antrum mating with another species maxillary artery matlike aggregates maxillary bones matorral maxillary canines matrilocal maxillary front teeth matrix maxillary incisors matrix glycoprotein maxillary labial frenum matrix material maxillary molars matrix of collagen maxillary nerve matrix of glycoprotein maxillary process matrix protein maxillary sinus matrix proteins maxillary vein matrix rich in polysaccharides maxillipeds matrix space maximal aerobic capacity matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization maximal inspiratory level matted maximal oxygen consumption matter maximal oxygen uptake maturation maximal stimulus maturation process maximal voluntary ventilation mature maximum likelihood mature rRNAs maximum midexpiratory flow rate mature virion maximum parsimony phylogeny maturing maximum parsimony tree 449 maximum phase of corpus luteum activity maximum phase of corpus luteum activity mean pressure maximum rate of increase mean QRS vector maximum sustainable population size mean vector maximum-likelihood method means Mayaro virus means of birth control Mayer waves means of conservation Mayetiola destructor means of internal transport mayflies means of locomotion Mb measles MBC measles exanthem MBP measles virus McBurney's point measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine M-cells measly meat MCH measurable MCKD measure MCL measure out MCP measured as fluorescence M-CSF measurement MCV measurement of blood pressure MDMA measurements mDNA meat products mealworms meat-based diet mean annual incidence meatus mean antibody prevalence levels mebendazole mean character state mechanical digestion mean corpuscular volume mechanical energy mean fitness mechanical events mean of a polygenic character mechanical injury 450 mechanical inoculation mechanical inoculation meconium staining mechanical pipetting aids meconium-stained amniotic fluid mechanical shear media mechanical stimuli medial mechanical strength medial angle of eyebrows mechanical stress medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve mechanical stressors medial aperture mechanical ventilation medial aspect of the gluteus maximus mechanical ventilation equipment medial aspect of the knee mechanics medial border mechanism medial brachial cutaneous nerve mechanism of action medial canthus mechanism of dosage compensation medial check ligament mechanism of energy coupling medial compartment mechanism of gene regulation medial corner of the eye mechanisms of disease medial corner of the orbit mechanisms of gene regulation medial crest mechanisms of inheritance medial crus mechanisms of motor control medial cutaneous nerve of forearm mechanisms of osmoregulation medial cutaneous nerve of the arm mechanistic medial femoral circumflex artery mechanoreception medial femoral epicondyle mechanoreceptor cells medial forebrain bundle mechanoreceptors medial frontal cortex mechanosensitive medial geniculate body Meckel's diverticulum medial horn meconium medial incisor meconium aspiration medial lemniscus 451 medial ligament medial ligament medial supraepicondylar ridge medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus medial umbilical fold medial lip of the linea aspera medial vestibular nucleus medial longitudinal fasciculus medial view medial malleolus medial wall of the middle ear medial mamillary nucleus medial wall of the optic canal medial margin of the lower lateral quadrant medially medial meniscus median arcuate ligament medial nasal processes median bodies medial olfactory area median cubital vein medial olfactory stria median eminence medial palpebral arteries median fins medial palpebral commissure median labial frenulum medial palpebral ligament median nerve medial plantar artery median plane medial plate of the pterygoid process median sacral artery medial preoptic area median sacral veins medial pterygoid median sagittal plane medial rectus muscle median thyrohyoid ligament medial region median umbilical ligament medial root of median nerve median vertical line of the neck medial rotation mediastinal medial rotation of the eyeball mediastinal part of the parietal pleura medial scapular border mediastinal pleura medial side of digit mediastinal vein medial side of the thigh mediastinitis medial supracondylar line mediastinum medial supracondylar ridge mediastinum testis 452 mediate mediate medically mediated medically important mediator medically induced abortion mediator proteins medically insignificant mediator release medically relevant mediators of cellular interactions medically significant medical apparatus medication medical benefits medications medical condition medicinal medical emergency medicinal compounds medical examiner medicinal leeches medical history medicinally medical instruments medicines medical issue Medina worm medical journal mediodorsal medical management mediofrontal cortex medical microbiology Mediterranean fever medical mycology medium medical officer medium arteries medical parasitology medium spiny neurons medical professional medium veins medical records medium-chain medical researchers medium-chain fatty acids medical science medium-pitched heart sound medical staff medium-sized medical therapies medulla medical treatment medulla cortex glia medical treatments medulla neuropil glia 453 medulla oblongata medulla oblongata megaspore mother cells medullary megasporocyte medullary arteries megasporophylls medullary chemoreceptors meglumine antimonate medullary cords meibomian glands medullary cystic kidney disease meiosis medullary hypertonicity meiosis I medullary pyramids meiosis II medullary sponge kidney meiosis of gametes medullary synchronizing zone meiotic medusa form meiotic cell medusae meiotic division mefloquine meiotic drive megabase pair meiotic event megacardia meiotic irregularities megacolon meiotic nondisjunction megaesophagus meiotic recombination megafaunal extinction meiotic spindle megafossils meiotic synapsis megakaryoblastic Meissner corpuscles megakaryocytes Meissner’s plexus megaloblastic anemia melanic megaloblasts melanin granules megapascals melanin-concentrating hormone megaphyll leaf melanins megapodes melanism megasporangia melanocortins megaspore melanocytes 454 melanocyte-stimulating hormone melanocyte-stimulating hormone membrane cofactor protein melanophores membrane depolarization melanopsin membrane domain melanosomes membrane enzymes Melanotaenioidei membrane filters melanotropin-1 receptors membrane fluidity melarsoprol membrane formation melatonin membrane fusion melena membrane glycolipids melioidosis membrane lipids melt membrane permeability melt streams membrane phospholipids melting membrane potential melting apart membrane protein melting temperature membrane receptor proteins member membrane receptors membered membrane ruffling membership membrane rupture membrane membrane sidedness membrane activity membrane skeleton membrane antigen membrane sterols membrane attachment sites membrane surface membrane attack complex membrane system membrane bilayer membrane toxins membrane bleb membrane traffic membrane carbohydrates membrane transport membrane cells membrane transport proteins membrane channels membrane vesicles 455 membrane voltage membrane voltage memory helper T cells membrane-anchoring regions memory pathway membrane-bound memory problems membrane-bound nucleus memory qualities membrane-bounded memory quality membrane-disrupting enzymes memory storage membrane-enclosed memory system membrane-filtration technique memory T cells membrane-protein complex menarche membrane-spanning domain Mendel’s model for inheritance membrane-spanning peptides Mendelian membrane-targeted mendelian allelomorph membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Mendelian basis membranoproliferative GN Mendelian genetics membranous Mendelian inheritance membranous canals Mendelian model membranous envelope Mendelian patterns of inheritance membranous labyrinth Mendelian traits membranous lamina Mendelism membranous organelles Mendel's basis of heredity membranous part of the urethra Mendel's principle of segregation membranous sacs Mendel's principles membranous wall mengovirus memorized meningeal memory meningeal artery memory B cells meningeal illness memory cells meningeal layers memory consolidation meningeal melanosis 456 meningeal sac meningeal sac menstrual cycle meningeal symptoms menstrual cycling meningeal vessels menstrual flow meninges menstrual history meningioma menstrual molimina meningitis menstrual period meningocele menstrual phase meningococcal disease menstrual secretion meningococcal infections menstruate meningococcemia menstruating women meningococci menstruation meningoencephalitic phase mental aberrations meningoencephalitic stage mental abilities meningoencephalitic symptoms mental activity meningoencephalitis mental adjustment meningovascular syphilis mental alertness menisci mental artery meniscotibial ligament mental capabilities meniscus mental changes menopausal mental deficiency menopausal symptoms mental deterioration menopause mental development menorrhagia mental disturbance menses mental faculties menstrual abnormalities mental fatigue menstrual bleeding mental foramen menstrual blood mental impairment menstrual cramps mental nerve 457 mental performance mental performance merostomes mental problems merozoites mental protuberance merthiolate-formalin mental retardation merthiolate-iodine-formalin mental slowing MESA mental spine of the mandible mesa mental spines mesangial cells mental status mesangial contraction mental symptoms mescaline mental tubercles mesencephalic duct mentalis mesencephalic nucleus mentalis muscle mesencephalic reticular formation mentally retarded mesencephalon menthol mesenchymal cells meq mesenchymal stem cells merge mesenchyme merging mesenchyme cells meridional mesenteric meristem mesenteric angina meristem identity genes mesenteric artery meristem region mesenteric lymph nodes meristematic mesenteric lymphadenitis meristems mesenteric nerves Merkel cells mesenteric root meroblastic cleavage mesenteric veins merogonic cells mesenteric vessels merogony mesentery meront mesh 458 meshlike meshlike mesothelial membrane meshwork mesothelium mesic and wet forests mesovarium mesiodentes Mesozoic era mesoappendix Mesozoic marine revolution mesocardia mesquite mesocortical message mesocortical system messenger meso-DAP messenger molecules mesoderm messenger ribonucleic acid mesoderm outpockets messenger RNA mesodermal messenger RNA sequence mesodermal cells messenger system mesodermal tissue metabolic meso-diaminopimelic acid metabolic acidosis mesoglea metabolic activity mesohyl metabolic alkalosis mesolecithal metabolic analysis mesolimbic dopamine pathway metabolic balance mesometrium metabolic bone disorder mesonephric duct metabolic byproducts mesonephric remnants metabolic by-products mesonephric ridge metabolic capacity mesonephros metabolic changes mesophyll metabolic characteristics mesophyll cell metabolic compartment mesosalpinx metabolic control mesosomes metabolic cooperation 459 metabolic demands metabolic demands metabolic system metabolic disturbances metabolic waste products metabolic energy metabolic wastes metabolic enzymes metabolically metabolic equilibrium metabolically active metabolic events metabolism metabolic evidence metabolism first hypothesis metabolic genes metabolites metabolic interchanges metabolize metabolic intermediates metabolized metabolic machinery metabolizing metabolic malfunctions metabolomics metabolic needs metabotropic metabolic pathway metabotropic receptors metabolic patterns metacarpal metabolic pool metacarpal artery metabolic problem metacarpal bone metabolic processes metacarpophalangeal joint metabolic products metacarpus metabolic profiling metacentric metabolic properties metacercaria metabolic rate metacercariae metabolic reaction pathway metacercarial stage metabolic reactions metacestodes metabolic regulation metachromatic metabolic sequence metacyclic metabolic studies metagenomics metabolic syndrome metal ions 460 metal proteases metal proteases metastases metalloenzymes metastasize metalloproteases metastatic metalloproteinase metastatic lesions metalloproteins metastatic path metallothionein metastatic spread of cancer metamorphic changes metastatic spread of disease metamorphic rocks metastatic tumor deposits metamorphism metastatic tumor lesions metamorphose metatarsal I metamorphosed metatarsal II metamorphosing metatarsal ligaments metamorphosis metatarsal V metanephridia metatarsals metanephridium metatarsophalangeal metanephrine metatarsophalangeal joints metanephros Metatheria metaphase metatherian mammals metaphase chromosomes metazoa metaphase plate metazoan metaphase-anaphase checkpoint metazoans, metazoan animals metaphyseal area of long bones metencephalon metaphyseal region metenkephalin metaphysical naturalism met-enkephalin metaphysis methane metapneumovirus methane producers metapopulation methanogenic metarterioles methanogens 461 methanol methanol methylation methemoglobin methylation enzymes methenamine silver methylation event methenyltetrahydrofolate methylation patterns methicillin methylene blue methicillin-resistant S. aureus methylguanine methionine methylhistamine methionyl-tRNA methylimidazoleacetic acid methionyl-tRNA synthetase methylmethane sulfonate method methylpentose fucose method of birth control methylphenidate method of motility methylribose method of replica plating methyltransferase methodological naturalism methylxanthines methodology metric variation methods of human genetics metrifonate methotrexate metrizamide methoxylated metronidazole methyl metrorrhagia methyl bromide mevalonic acid methyl chloroform Meyer's loop methyl group mezlocillin methyl salicylate MF methylamines Mf methylase MFC methylate mg/d methylated Mg2+ methylating agent MgCl2 462 MHC MHC MHC-antigen fragment complex MHC MHC-encoded presentation molecules MHC alleles MHC-peptide complex MHC antigens MHC-restricted T-cell recognition MHC class 11 molecules MHCs MHC class I MHM MHC class I antigen MI MHC class I molecules MIC MHC class I-associated antigens micellar formation MHC class II antigens micelles MHC class II dimer micro RNA MHC class II molecules microabscess MHC class II peptide complex microaerobic MHC class II-associated antigens microaerophilic MHC class III molecules microaerophilic atmosphere MHC class I-peptide complex microallopatric MHC complex microangiopathic hemolytic anemia MHC genes microarray MHC groove microarray analysis MHC II complex microbe-killing chemicals MHC locus microbes MHC molecule-antigen fragment complex microbial MHC molecules microbial action MHC polymorphism microbial activity MHC presentation molecules microbial antigens MHC protein class II microbial biofilm MHC proteins microbial biology MHC restriction microbial components 463 microbial decomposers microbial decomposers microcolon microbial diversity microcolony microbial factors microcolony formation microbial fermentation microconch microbial flora microconidia microbial heterotrophs microcystic disease microbial immunogens microcytic microbial killing microcytic hypochromic anemia microbial lipoproteins microdomains microbial pathogens microelectrode microbial probe microenvironment microbial proteins microevolution microbicidal microevolutionary microbicidal antibodies microevolutionary process microbicidal effect microfibrils microbiologic accidents microfilament movement microbiological laboratory microfilaments microbiologist microfilaria microbiology microfilariae microbiology laboratory microfilarial density microbiota microfilarial loads microbiotopes microfilaricidal microbodies microfilaricides microbroth dilution test microflora microcephaly microfluidized microcirculation microfold cells microclimate microfossils micrococcal nuclease microgamete 464 microgametocytes microgametocytes micron microgamont micronemes microgeographically micronuclei microglia micronucleus microglial cells micronutrients microglobulin microorganisms micrognathia microparasites microgram microphages micrograph microphthalmia microhabitat microphylls microhematocrit centrifugation micropipette microhematuria microplate well microheterogeneity micropolylymphadenopathy microimmunofluorescence micropores microimmunofluorescence method micro-positioner microimmunofluorescence test micropropagation microinfarcts micropyle microinject microRNAs microinjected microsatellite microinjections microsatellite alleles microinjuries microsatellite analysis microiontophoresis microsatellite data microlaser beam microsatellite gel microlesions microsatellite genotypes microloop microsatellite haplotypes micromanipulator microsatellite loci micrometer microsatellite mutations micromole microsatellite primers 465 microsatellite probe microsatellite probe microscopy microsatellite regions microscopy stain microsatellite repeat microscopy technique microsatellite variants microsomal microsatellite variation microsomal fraction microsatellite-based comparison microsomes microsatellite-based values microsphere microsatellites microsporangia microscope microsporangium microscope check microspore mother cells microscope slide microspores microscopic microsporidia microscopic agglutination test microsporidian parasites microscopic analysis microsporidians microscopic anatomy microsporidosis microscopic detection microsporocytes microscopic examination microsporophylls microscopic image microsporosis microscopic life microsurgery microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration microtiter agglutination test microscopic organisms microtiter plate microscopic studies microtiter tray microscopical microtraumas microscopical detection microtraumata microscopically microtubular integrity microscopically thin microtubule assembly microscopist microtubule pair 466 microtubule-associated proteins microtubule-associated proteins mid-diastolic murmur microtubule-organizing center middle microtubules middle cardiac nerves microvascular middle cardiac vein microvasculature middle cerebellar peduncle microvasculature structure middle cerebral artery microvilli middle cervical ganglion microvillus structure middle chamber of the laryngeal cavity micturition middle clinoid processes micturition discomfort middle colic artery micturition reflex middle constrictor micturition syncope middle cranial fossa mid middle ear mid ejection clicks middle ear bones mid inspiration middle ear cavity mid lumbar region middle earbones midabdomen middle finger mid-altitude middle genes midaxillary middle hepatic vein midaxillary line middle internodal tract midbody middle lamella midbrain middle latitudes midbrain dopaminergic neurons middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia midbrain raphe middle life midbrain tegmentum middle lobe midclavicular line middle mediastinum midcycle middle meningeal artery midden workers middle peduncle 467 middle pharyngeal constrictor middle pharyngeal constrictor midpiece middle rectal artery midplane middle rectal vein midpoint middle repetitive midportion middle scalene midpronated middle scalene muscle mid-prophase middle suprarenal artery midrib middle talar articular surface midsagittal section middle temporal artery midsection middle thyroid vein midshaft Middlebrook agar midshaft fracture middle-ear cavity midsized middle-repetitive DNA mid-sized midfoot fracture midsternal border midge midstream urine midgut midthigh midgut volvulus midthorax midlatitude midvein midlatitudes midventral midlife midway midline MIF midline of the body migraine headache midline portion migrant midline thalamic neurons migrants midluteal phase migrate mid-oceanic migrate for the winter midpalatine raphe migrating midparent mean migrating motor complex 468 migration migration milia migration by members miliaria migration distance miliary tuberculosis migration inhibitory factor milieu migration off the path milieu conditions migration pathway milk ejection migration route milk production migration-drift equilibrium milk protein genes migratory milk proteins migratory arthralgias milk secretion migratory behavior milk supply migratory cells milk synthesis migratory movements milk teeth migratory orientation milker's nodules migratory pain in multiple joints milking migratory pathway milkweed migratory patterns milkweed family, milkweed plants migratory potential milky migratory route millibar mild milliequivalent mild fever millimole mild hallucinogenic milliosmole mild indigestion millipedes mild infection millivolts mild type miltefosine milder mimetic mildew mimetic pattern mildness mimic 469 mimicry mimicry mineral-rich mimicry rings minerals mimics miniature end plate potential mimivirus miniaturization mind-altering drugs miniaturized mineral miniaturized systems mineral acid minicassette mineral cations minichromosome mineral composition minicircle sequence mineral content minimal mineral content of the bone minimal bactericidal concentration mineral deficiency minimal inhibitory concentration mineral depletion minimal medium mineral ions minimum bactericidal concentration mineral metabolism minimum inhibitory concentration mineral nutrients minimum viable population mineral nutrition minimum viable population size mineral oil miniprep mineral plant nutrition miniprep sample mineral rich minipreparation mineral salts minipreparation technique mineralization of bone minisatellite arrays mineralize minisatellite repeats mineralized minisatellites mineralocorticoid action minocylin mineralocorticoid activity minoglycoside adenylyltransferase mineralocorticoid receptors minor mineralocorticoids minor antigenic changes 470 minor calices minor calices misdiagnosis minor calyx misfold minor coat protein misfolded proteins minor duodenal papilla misfolding minor groove misguided minor illness mismanagement minor papilla mismatch minor peak mismatch repair of DNA minor strata mismatch repair enzymes minor sublingual ducts mismatch repair mechanism minority sex mismatched mints, mint family mismatched base pair minus end mismatched bases minus polarity mispair minuscule mispairing minus-strand RNA strand misreading of the genome minus-strand viruses missed minute missense Miocene epoch missense mutation miosis misshapen MIR missing miracidia mistake miracidium mite infections miRNAs mite infestation mirror repeats mite larvae misaligned mites misalignment mitigate miscarriage mitlimolar 471 mitochondria mitochondria mitochondrially mitochondrial mitochondrial-specific RNA mitochondrial apoptosis mitochondrion mitochondrial control region mitogen mitochondrial data mitogen-activated protein mitochondrial defects mitogen-activated protein kinase mitochondrial diversity mitogenic mitochondrial DNA mitogen-like mitochondrial DNA markers mitomycin mitochondrial DNA sequence mitosis mitochondrial DNA sequences mitosomes mitochondrial electron transport chain mitotic mitochondrial genes mitotic apparatus mitochondrial genome mitotic cell cycle mitochondrial haplotypes mitotic cell division mitochondrial inheritance mitotic division mitochondrial introgression mitotic metaphase mitochondrial lineage mitotic phase mitochondrial matrix mitotic process mitochondrial membranes mitotic spindle mitochondrial pathway mitotically mitochondrial primers mitotically active mitochondrial protein-coding regions mitotically dividing cells mitochondrial pseudogenes mitral cells mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder mitral diastolic flow murmur mitochondrial sequence data mitral disease mitochondrial sequences mitral regurgitation mitochondrial structure mitral stenosis 472 mitral valve mitral valve MMC mitral valve disease mmol mitral valve prolapse MMR mix MMS mixed culture MMTV mixed flora Mn mixed forms MN blood group mixed infections MND mixed lymphocyte culture mnemonic device mixed lymphocyte reaction Mo mixed macromolecular complexes mobile mixed matings mobile gene cassette mixed nucleotide polymers mobile genetic elements mixed pools of deletion mutants mobility mixed stock analysis mobilization mixed triplet mobilize mixing Mobulinae mixing contractions Mobulidae family mixotrophic modality mixotrophs mode mixotrophy mode of action mixture of gases mode of carbon fixation MLC mode of communication M-like protein mode of fertilization M-like surface proteins mode of inheritance MLR mode of life mm Hg mode of locomotion mm of mercury mode of nutrition 473 mode of replication mode of replication modify mode of reproduction modifying enzymes mode of selection modiolus mode of transmission MODS mode of transport modular model modular architecture model of island biogeography modular complex model organism modular construction model research organism modularity model situation modulate moderate modulation moderately modulins moderately large moiety moderately repetitive DNA moist exanthema moderately sensitive moist heat moderately sized moist heat sterilization moderator band moisten modern mol modern synthesis molar modern-day molar modification enzymes molar concentration modifications molar mass modified molar ratio modified leaves molar teeth modified nucleic acids molar teeth modified roots molar tooth modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain molarity modifier molars 474 mold cells mold cells molecular DNA analysis molds molecular events moldy molecular evidence mole molecular evolution molecular molecular formula molecular “Velcro” molecular function molecular anthropology molecular genetic data molecular architecture molecular genetic methods molecular barcode molecular genetic techniques molecular basis molecular genetics molecular biologist molecular homoplasy molecular cage for antigen molecular identification tag molecular chaperones molecular layer molecular clock molecular level molecular clones molecular markers molecular cloning strategy molecular mass molecular collisions molecular methods molecular comparisons molecular methods of genetic engineering molecular complex molecular mimicry molecular components molecular modification molecular composition molecular motion molecular compound molecular motors molecular control system molecular movement molecular controls molecular pathway molecular data molecular patterns molecular data set molecular phylogenetic analysis molecular development molecular phylogeny molecular diameter molecular polymorphism 475 molecular pores molecular pores Mollusca molecular recognition molluscacidal molecular reproduction molluscacides molecular sequencing molluscipoxviruses molecular shape molluscum molecular sieve molluscum bodies molecular signal molluscum contagiosum molecular structure molluscum contagiosum warts molecular studies molt molecular subunit molten molecular switch molting molecular system molting hormone molecular systematics molting hormone molecular tools moluscum bodies molecular trade molybdenum molecular traffic momentarily molecular vibrations momentum of population growth molecular weight MOMP molecularbiologist Monera molecularly mongolian spots molecule monitor molecule effector monitoring examinations molecules of inheritance monitoring project moles monkey kidney cells molloscum contagiosum monkey renal fibroblasts molloscum contagiosum virus monkeypox virus mollusc monkeys molluscs monkeys from the New World 476 monoacylglycerol monoacylglycerol monoglycerides monoamine oxidase monogynous colony monoaminergic system monohybrid monoamines monohybrid cross monobactams monohybrid F2 phenotypic ratio monobasic monoinfection monochromatic monoiodotyrosine monocistronic monokaryotic monoclonal monokines monoclonal antibodies monolayer monoclonal plasma cell tumors monomer monocot monomer units monocots monomeric Monocotyledones monomeric IgM monocotyledons monomeric neutral protein monoculture monomeric unit monocyclic monomerized monocyte-macrophage lineage cells monomers monocytes monomicrobic infections monocytic ehrlichiosis monomolecular monocytic leukemia monomorphic monoecious monomorphism monogamous mononuclear monogamy mononuclear cells monogeneans mononuclear infiltration Monogenea mononuclear phagocyte system monogenic mononuclear phagocytes monogenic hypertension mononuclear phagocytic system 477 mononucleosis mononucleosis monozygotic mononucleosislike clinical picture mons pubis mononucleosis-like illness montane mononucleosis-like syndrome Monteggia's fracture mononucleosome monthly temperature rhythm monophasic mood monophosphate mood swings monophosphoryl lipid A mood-altering monophyletic moon face monophyletic group moors monophyly moraine monopolize moraine succession monosaccharides moray eels monosodium glutamate morbidity monosomic morbilli monosomic chromosome morbillivirus monosomy morbilliviruses monospecific morbus Weil monospot test morels monosynaptic Morgagni's cysts Monotremata Morgagni's hernia monotreme Morison's pouch monotremes morning headaches monotrichous morning sputum monotrichous flagellation morning temperature monotrichously flagellated morning urine monounsaturated morning-after pills monovalent Moro reflex 478 morph morph morphology morphogen morphotype morphogen gradients morphovar morphogenesis Morris syndrome morphogenetic mortality morphogenetic capacity mortality rate morphogenetic events morula morphogenetic furrow morulae morphogenetic novelty mosaic morphogens mosaic development morphologic mosaic evolution morphologic characteristics mosaic hybrid structure morphological abnormalities mosaic pattern morphological change mosaic picture morphological characters mosaic polyploids morphological differences mosaic protein morphological disparity mosaic tetraploid morphological divergence mosaicism morphological evolution mososaurs morphological features Mosasauridae morphological mutations mOsm morphological species concept moss morphological species differentiation moss animals morphologically moss piglets morphologically distinct moss sporophyte morphologically typical mosses morphologically variable mossy morphologies mossy fibers 479 mother cell mother cell motor fibers mother cyst motor function mother plant motor incoordination mother-of-pearl motor innervation mother's serum motor mechanism motif motor nerve arc motif multiplication motor nerve ending motile motor nerves motile cilia motor neuron motilin motor neuron input motility motor neurone disease motion motor nuclei of the cranial nerves motionless motor output motor motor paralysis motor activity motor program motor and sensory functions motor projections motor area of the brain motor protein motor areas motor response motor commands motor rigidity motor control motor root motor control system motor seizures motor coordination motor skills motor cortex motor system motor cranial nerve motor unit motor disorder motor weakness motor disturbances MOTT motor end plates mottled motor end-plate mottled patterns 480 mottling mottling move down mound move into mound-builders move out mount movement mountain-top movement apart mouse movement corridor mouse RNA polymerase II movement in prokaryotes mouse-like movement of matter mousepox movement sequences Mousterian moxifloxacin Mousterian culture moyamoya disease mouth MPa mouth appendages MPGF mouth breathing MPR mouth cavity MRI scans mouth hooks mRNA mouth opening mRNA capping mouthing mRNA chain mouthpart mRNA code mouthparts mRNA codons mouth-to-mouth breathing mRNA degradation mouth-to-mouth resuscitation mRNA ends movable mRNA guanyltransferase movable sequences of DNA mRNA molecules move mRNA nucleotides move about mRNA of an egg cell move apart mRNA preparation move dorsoventrally mRNA processing 481 mRNA splicing mRNA splicing mucocutaneous lesions mRNA transcript mucocutaneous rash mRNA-cDNA duplex mucoepithelial cells mRNA-ribosome complex mucoepithelial membranes mRNAs mucoid MS procedures mucoid strain MS/MS mucopeptide MS2 mucopolysaccharide hyaluronic acid capsule MSAFP mucopolysaccharides MSG mucoproteins MSH mucopurulent MSNA mucopurulent discharge mtDNA mucormycosis mtDNA data mucosa mtDNA defects mucosa of the lower intestinal tract mtDNA mutations mucosa of the nasopharyngeal space mtDNA sequence mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue MTOC mucosal M-tropic viruses mucosal cells mucification mucosal efflorescences mucin mucosal flora mucociliary escalator mucosal folds mucociliary movement mucosal immunity to gonococci mucocutaneous mucosal lesions mucocutaneous candidiasis mucosal lining mucocutaneous junction mucosal mycoses mucocutaneous leishmaniasis mucosal parasites mucocutaneous leishmaniosis 482 mucosal region mucosal region Mullerian inhibitory factor mucosal secretions mullerian ligament mucosal stimulation Mullerian mimicry mucosal surfaces Mullerian structures mucous acini Mullerian tract mucous acinus Mullerian tubercle mucous glands Müller's muscle mucous membrane Muller's ratchet mucous membrane of nasal cavity multi-axial mucous secretion multi-axial ball and socket joint mucus multibacillary mucus cells multibacillary Hansen disease mucus escalator multicelled mucus glands multicellular mucus transport multicellularity mucus-secreting cells multicentric Castleman disease mud multichambered mud crabs multicharacter cross mud slides multicomponent muddy multicopy yeast plasmids mudflats multicusped mudflows multidetector computed tomography Mueller-Hinton agar multidimensional mulberries multi-dimensional liquid chromatography Mullerian duct multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance müllerian duct system multidrug treatment müllerian ducts multidrug-resistant enterococci müllerian inhibiting substance 483 multidrug-resistant strain multidrug-resistant strain multinucleate multienzyme multinucleate cells multienzyme complex multinucleated multi-exon multinucleated giant cells multifactor complex multiorgan failure multifactorial multiorgan involvement multifidus muscles multiorgan malformations multifocal multiorgan toxicity multifunctional multiple multifurcated multiple alignment multifurcating multiple alleles multifurcating trees multiple antibiotic resistance multigene family multiple birth multilayered multiple cloning site multilens multiple copies multilevel multiple cusps multilobed multiple effects multilocular echinococcosis multiple embryos multi-locus genotype data multiple fission of the cell multilocus genotypes multiple fracture multilocus heterozygosity values multiple fruit multi-locus markers multiple genes multi-locus method multiple genomes multimeric multiple gestation multimers multiple hits multinodular goiter multiple infections multinuclear multiple injury multinuclear giant cells multiple joint contractures 484 multiple loci multiple loci multipotent multiple myeloma multipotent stem cells multiple organ failure multiprotein multiple origin multiprotein circuits multiple origins multiprotein complex multiple personalities multiregional hypothesis multiple pregnancies multiresistance multiple repeats multiresistance conjugative plasmid multiple replications multiresistance plasmids multiple resistance multiresistant multiple sclerosis multispecies interactions multiple sequence alignment multistage multiple sequence alignment tool multistep multiple sets of chromosomes multi-subunit multiple transmission multisystem multiple trauma multisystem toxicity multiple tumors multituberculate multiple-chain multitudinous multiple-drug resistance multiunit smooth muscle multiple-lumen catheter multivalent multiple-niche polymorphism multivalents multiplex DNA amplification multivitamin multiplex PCR multiwell plate multiplication multiwelled plate multiplication mumps virus multiplication cycle munch multiply mung bean nuclease multipolar neuron mupirocin 485 Muraenidae Muraenidae muscle activity mural mass muscle arteries mural thrombus muscle atrophy muramyl peptide muscle attachments murein muscle belly murein defects muscle biopsy murein fragments muscle bundles murein hydrolase muscle cell contraction murein lipoprotein muscle cell genes murein sacculus muscle cell membrane murein skeleton muscle cells Murids muscle contraction Muridae muscle cramps murid rodents muscle degeneration murine muscle development murine cytomegalovirus muscle disruption murine experiments muscle eminence murine mammary tumor virus muscle extension murine typhus muscle fatigue murky muscle fiber membrane murmurs muscle fibers muscarinic muscle fibrils muscarinic actions muscle forces muscarinic cholinergic receptors muscle function muscarinic receptors muscle group muscle muscle injuries muscle aches muscle insertions muscle action potential muscle larvae 486 muscle mass muscle mass muscle-directed motility muscle membrane muscles associated with the ribs muscle metabolism muscles associated with the vertebral column muscle mitochondrial volume muscles in the face muscle O2 consumption muscle's insertion muscle pain muscles of facial expression muscle paralysis muscles of mastication muscle protein muscles of the back muscle pump muscles of the larynx muscle relaxant agent muscles of the middle ear muscle relaxation muscles of the outer cervical collar muscle rigidity muscles of the pharynx muscle segments muscles of the soft palate muscle spasms muscles of the tongue muscle spindles muscle's origin muscle stiffening muscles required for breathing muscle sympathetic nerve activity muscles used in facial expression muscle tear muscle-specific muscle tension muscle-type muscle tissue muscoid flies muscle tone muscular muscle tremors muscular activity muscle twitch muscular arteries muscle twitching muscular branches muscle vessels muscular calf pump effect muscle wasting muscular contraction muscle weakness muscular cramps muscle-building 487 muscular dystrophy muscular dystrophy musculoskeletal medicine muscular exercise musculoskeletal pain muscular exertion musculoskeletal system muscular foot musculoskeletal wall muscular incoordination musculoskeletal wall of the thorax muscular layer musculotendinous muscular motility musculotendinous collar muscular process musculus uvulae muscular system mushroom muscular triangle mushrooms muscular twitching musical murmur muscular wall of the right ventricle musky muscular walls of the abdomen mustard family muscular weakness mustard flowers muscularis mustards muscularis mucosae Mustelidae musculature mutability musculature spasms mutable musculi pectinati mutagen musculocutaneous nerve mutagenesis musculofascial mutagenesis kit musculofascial collar mutagenesis screening musculoligamentous mutagenesis screening projects musculomembranous mutagenic musculophrenic mutagenic chemical musculophrenic artery mutagenic effect musculophrenic vessels mutagenic protection musculoskeletal arrangement mutagenize 488 mutagenized mutagenized mutational meltdown mutan mutational processes mutant mutational variance mutant cells mutation-causing mutant channels mutationist mutant condition mutation-selection balance mutant gene mutator mutant phenotype mutator allele mutant phenotypes mutator locus mutant plants muted mutant receptor mutton mutant tumor-suppressor alleles mutual repulsion mutate mutualism mutated mutualisms mutated gene mutualist mutation mutualistic mutation induction mutualistic association mutation load mutualistic interaction mutation microarray mutualistic partners mutation rate mutualistic relationship mutation sequences mutualistic symbiosis mutational mutualistic symbiotic association mutational changes in DNA sequence mutually beneficial mutational changes of DNA sequences mutually dependent species mutational deterministic process mutually exclusive mutational differences mV mutational event MVP of a population mutational hot spots MVV 489 Mx protein Mx protein mycorrhizal associations mya mycorrhizal fungi myalgia mycorrhizal hyphae myasthenia gravis mycorrhizal relationship mycelia mycorrhizal symbionts mycelial mycoses mycelial form mycosis mycelial networks mycotic disease mycelium mycotic infection mycetoma mycotoxicoses mycetozoans mycotoxicosis mycobacteria mycotoxins mycobacteria other than TB myelencephalon mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli myelin mycobacterial myelin auto-antibodies mycobacterial infection myelin basic protein mycobacterial species myelin protein zero mycobacteriosis myelin sheath mycogenic myelin sheath gap mycolic acid myelinated mycologist myelinated neurons mycology myelination mycophenolate mofetil myelitis mycoplasma infections myelodysplastic syndrome mycoplasmas myelofibrosis mycorrhiza myeloid mycorrhizae myeloid lineage mycorrhizal myeloid progenitor 490 myeloid stem cells myeloid stem cells myocardial tissues myeloid tissue myocarditis myeloma myocardium myelomeningocele myoclonic jerks myelopathies myoclonic stage myeloperoxidase myoclonus myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system myocyte necrosis myelopoietic growth factors myocytes myenteric nerve plexus myoepithelial cells myenteric plexus myofibrils myiasis myofilaments Myliobatidae myogenin Myliobatiformes myoglobin mylohyoid groove myokinase mylohyoid line myometrial cells mylohyoid muscle myometrial contractions myoblasts myometrium myocardial myonecrosis myocardial bridging myoneural junction myocardial cells myopathy myocardial contractility myophosphorylase deficiency glycogenosis myocardial damage myosin myocardial excitability myosin arms myocardial fibers myosin ATPase activity myocardial infarction myosin filaments myocardial ischemia myosin head myocardial metabolism myosin heavy chain myocardial repolarization myosin light chain phosphatase 491 myosin light-chain kinase myosin light-chain kinase myosin molecule myosin motors myosin-binding sites myosins myositis myotomes myotonia myotonic dystrophy myriapods Myriapoda myristolated myristoyl Mysticeti myxamoeba myxedema myxedematous thickening Myxini Myxinidae myxobacteria Myxogastrida myxoma virus myxospores myxoviruses MZM 492 N naked capsid viruses N naked DNA N terminus naked seeds Na+ naked virus Na+ balance NALC-NaOH method Na+ channel nalidixic acid Na+ dodecyl sulfate naltrexone Na+-binding site NANB hepatitis Na+–K+ ATPase nanoarchaeotes Na+–K+ pump Nanoarchaeum N-acetyl-D-galactosamine nanogram N-acetylgalactosamine nanometer N-acetylglucosamine nanomole N-acetylmuramic acid nanoplankton N-acetyltransferase NaOH NaCl nape of the neck N-acyl homoserine lactone naphthaleneacetic acid NAD narcolepsy NAD+ narcotic NADH narcotic addiction naegleriosis nares nail beds naris nail mycosis narrow headed ant nail scrapings narrow medial plate nairovirus narrow palate naive narrow temperature range naked narrowing naked capsid nasal 493 nasal aperture nasal aperture nasally nasal bone nascent nasal bridge nascent proteins nasal cartilage nasion nasal cavity nasoalveolar nasal congestion nasociliary nasal crests nasociliary nerve nasal epithelium nasogastric tube nasal fibers nasolabial furrow nasal glands nasolacrimal canal nasal mucosa nasolacrimal duct nasal mucosa area nasolacrimal groove nasal nerves nasopalatine nasal obstruction nasopalatine nerve nasal opening nasopharyngeal nasal orifices nasopharyngeal carcinoma nasal passages nasopharyngeal glands nasal passageway nasopharyngeal mucosa nasal process nasopharyngeal space nasal region nasopharyngeal tonsil nasal secretions nasopharyngeal washings nasal septum nasopharynx nasal side of the orbital wall natal nasal vasoconstrictors natal cleft nasal vestibule natal site nasal washings natal teeth nasalis muscle natal tree nasality natality 494 natamycin natamycin natural population native natural range expansions native to natural reservoir native blood natural resistance native blood preparation natural resources native configuration natural RNA transcript native peoples natural sciences native preparation natural selection native protein natural signaling molecules native shape natural world native state naturalist natriuresis naturalistic fallacy natriuretic naturalize natriuretic factor naturally natural naturally inbred natural abundance naturally occurring mutations natural antibodies naturally outcrossing natural defense nature natural family planning nature reserve natural flow regime nature versus nurture natural gas nauplius larva natural habitat nausea natural history nauseating natural immunity nautiloid natural immunization Nautilus natural killer cells navel natural log navicular bone natural mother navicular fossa 495 navigate navigate neck region NCAH neck righting reflexes N-chloro compounds neck rigidity NCVP neck stiffness Ne neck vertebrae NE necklike Neandertal necrose Neanderthal necrosis near necrosis factors near vision necrotic nearby necrotic arachnidism Nearctic realm necrotic foci NEAT necrotic infections nebulization necrotic lesions nebulized necrotic material NEC necrotic reaction necatorosis necrotic toxin neck necrotic ulcerous neck contortions necrotize neck muscles necrotizing neck musous cells necrotizing activity neck of an archegonium necrotizing enterocolitis neck of gallbladder necrotizing fasciitis neck of stapes necrotizing pneumonia neck of the aneurysm nectar spur neck of the mandible nectar-guiding pattern neck of the pancreas nectary neck pain needle 496 needle complex needle complex negative selection needle electrode negative sense needle-eating negative sense single-stranded viral genomes needlelike negative single-stranded genome needle-shaped negative state needlestick negative supercoiling needlestick injury negative taxis negative negative-feedback circuit negative assortative mating negative-feedback mechanism negative charge negatively charged negative control negatively inotropic negative deflection negatively selected negative DNA supercoiling negatively supercoiled negative effects negative-pressure lab room negative feedback negative-sense template RNA negative feedback loop negative-strand RNA negative feedback system negative-strand RNA strand negative image negative-strand RNA template negative in charge negative-strand RNA virus genomes negative ions negative-strand RNA viruses negative nitrogen balance Negri bodies negative noodles neighborhood radius negative number neighboring negative phosphates of DNA neighbor-joining method negative pleiotropic effects Neisser staining negative pressure breathing Neisseria gonorrhoeae negative regulation nekton negative reinforcement nelfinavir 497 Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes neonatal death rate Nematocera neonatal period nematocyst neonatal teeth Nematoda neonatal tetanus nematodal neonate nematodal larvae neoplasia nematode neoplasm nematode larvae neoplastic nemerteans neoplastic cells Nemertea neoplastic changes neocerebellum neoplastic transformation neocortex neoproterozoic neo-Darwinian Neoproterozoic Era neoductular proliferation Neopterygii neoendorphin neotenic neofunctionalization neoteny Neogene neotropical Neogene period Neotropical realm Neognathae Neotropics neognaths nephelometry neo-Lamarckism nephridia Neolithic nephridial neomycin nephridial organ neomycin phosphotransferase nephridiopores neon nephridium neonatal asphyxia nephritis neonatal cholestasis nephritogenic neonatal conjunctivitis nephrogenic 498 nephrogenic diabetes insipidus nephrogenic diabetes insipidus nerve fiber layer nephron nerve fibers nephronophthisis nerve growth factor nephropathica epidemica nerve growth-promoting activity nephrosis nerve impulses nephrostomy nerve net nephrotic syndrome nerve net nephrotoxicity nerve pathway NER nerve plexuses neritic nerve regeneration neritic province nerve ring Nernst equation nerve roots nerve nerve signal nerves nerve supply nerve avulsion nerve supply nerve cell nerve terminal nerve cell bodies nerve tracts nerve cell extensions nerve transmission nerve cell membrane nerve trunks nerve cells nerve-cutting experiments nerve circuit nerves of the head nerve conduction studies nervi conarii nerve cords nervous connections nerve damage nervous disorders nerve deafness nervous input nerve disorders nervous stimulation nerve edema nervous structures nerve endings nervous system 499 nervous system input nervous system input net charge nervous system output net effect nervous tissue net filtration pressure nervousness net gain nest net influx of energy nest area net primary productivity nest entrance net profit nest habitat net rate of diffusion nest hole net yield nest maintenance workers netilmicin nest sites netlike nest-building materials netlike nested netted veins nested analysis netted venation nested arrangement network nested clade phylogeographic analysis network analysis nested PCR network of granules and strands nesting cavity neural nesting colony neural activity nesting level neural arches nesting site neural basis nesting spot neural cell adhesion molecule nesting territory neural circuitry nestling neural circuits nestling bird neural communication net neural connections net charge neural control net charge neural control mechanisms 500 neural crest neural crest neurexins neural crest cells neuroactive steroids neural ectoderm neurobiological neural fibers neurobiological changes neural folds neurobiology neural function neuroborreliosis neural groove neurocentral joints neural hormone neurocysticercosis neural impulses neurodegeneration neural integration neurodegenerative disease neural layer neuroectodermal neural message neuroeffector cells neural network neuroendocrine neural pathways neuroendocrine cells neural plasticity neuroendocrine control neural plate neuroendocrine reflex neural progenitor cells neuroendocrine regulation neural regulation neuroendocrine signaling neural retina neuroepithelial bodies neural signaling neuroexocytosis apparatus neural stem cells neurofibrillary tangles neural tissue neurofibromatosis neural tube neurofilaments neural unit neurogenerative disorders neuralgia neurogenesis neurally neurogenic neuraminidase neurogenic bladder neuraminidase inhibitors neurogenic hypertension 501 neurogenic shock neurogenic shock neurological disorder neurogenically neurological functioning neuroglia neurological symptoms neuroglia cells neurologically impaired neuroglial cells neuroma neuroglycopenic symptoms neuromodulation neurohemal organs neuromodulator neurohormone neuromuscular neurohormone pathway neuromuscular hyperexcitability neurohypophysis neuromuscular junction neuroimaging studies neuron neurokinin A neuron cell bodies neurokinin A gene neuron cytoplasm neurokinin B gene neuron endings neurolemmocytes neuron excitability neurologic neuron membrane neurologic abnormalities neuron myelination neurologic damage neuron net neurologic decline neuron plasma membrane neurologic defects neuron receptors neurologic deterioration neuronal neurologic development neuronal activity neurologic disorder neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin neurologic phase neuronal cell bodies neurological neuronal cell body neurological damage neuronal cells neurological deficit neuronal compression neurological disease neuronal connections 502 neuronal control neuronal control neuroscience neuronal cytoplasm neuroscientist neuronal damage neurosecretion neuronal death neurosecretory bodies neuronal discharge neurosecretory cells neuronal fibers neurosteroids neuronal infection neurosurgical neuronal input neurosyphilis neuronal loss neurotensin neuronal nuclei neurotic neuronal pathways neurotoxic substances neuronal spread neurotoxicity neuronal vacuolization neurotoxins neurons of the brain neurotransmitter molecules neuro-ophthalmologic neurotransmitter system neuroparalysis neurotransmitter-receptor combinations neuropathic neurotransmitters neuropathic pain neurotrophins neuropathic scoliosis neurotropic neuropeptide K neurovascular neuropeptides neurovascular bundle neurophysin neurovascular plane neurophysiologist neurovascular structures neuropsychiatric neurovirulence neuropsychological neurovirulent neuropsychological testing neurovirulent revertants neuroradiological examination neurulation neuroretina neutral 503 neutral allele neutral allele neutropenia neutral evolution neutropenic neutral fat neutropenic malignancy neutral line neutrophil chemotaxis neutral mutation rate neutrophil hypomotility neutral mutations neutrophil responses neutral pH neutrophil system neutral red neutrophilic neutral soil neutrophilic granules neutral solution neutrophilic granulocytes neutral symbionts neutrophils neutral theory nevirapine neutral theory of molecular evolution new neutral variation new variant CJD neutral with respect to fitness new viruses neutralist New World monkeys neutrality newborn neutralization newborn baby neutralization assay newborn children neutralization test newborn human neutralize newborn infant neutralized newborn mice neutralizing antibodies newborn murmurs neutralizing effect newborn period neutrally newborn reflexes neutrally evolving newborn screening neutron diffraction newly neutrons newly arisen 504 newly born newly born niacin newly cooled lava niche newly developed niche conservatism newly discovered niche partitioning newly founded population Nichols strain newly germinated Nichols strain treponemes newly hatched nick newly hatched bird nick translation newly hatched fish nicked newly made nicotinamide newly mutated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide newly synthesized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase newly synthesized DNA strand nicotinamide mononucleotide newly synthesized RNA nicotinic newly transcribed RNA molecules nicotinic acetylcholine receptor newt nicotinic actions nexin nicotinic cholinergic receptors nexus nifurtimox NFA night blindness N-formimidoyl thiena night sweats N-formyl peptides night terrors N-formylated night vision N-formylmethionine nightshades NFTs nighttime N-glycosidic bond nigrostriatal NGU nigrostriatal neurons NH4+ nigrostriatal projection NH4Cl 505 nigrostriatal system nigrostriatal system nitrogen narcosis Nikolsky sign nitrogen oxide nipple nitrogen pollution nipple erection nitrogen salts nipple tenderness nitrogen waste molecule Nissl substance nitrogenase nitazoxanide nitrogen-fixing nitrate nitrogenous nitrate ions nitrogenous base nitrates nitrogenous compounds nitric oxide nitrogenous waste product nitrification nitrogenous waste s nitrifying bacteria nitroimidazole compounds nitrite nitroimidazoles nitrite-cured nitromidazole preparations nitrites nitrosoguanidine nitrocellulose nitrothiazole nitrocellulose membrane nitrous acid nitrocellulose paper strip nitrous oxides nitrofurans nitrovasodilators nitrofurantoin nits nitrogen NK cells nitrogen balance NK-like cells nitrogen cycle N-linked carbohydrate nitrogen fixation N-linked glycan nitrogen gas N-linked glycosylation nitrogen metabolism NLS nitrogen monoxide nm 506 NMD NMD nodal metastatic breast cancer NMDA glutamate receptors nodal paroxysmal tachycardia NMDA receptor nodal tachycardia N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor nodal tissue NMN node NMR node of Ranvier NMR spectroscopy nodular NO nodular regeneration NO synthase nodular skin lesions NO2− nodular swelling NO3− nodulation noble gases nodulation factors Nocardia nodule of the semilunar cusp nocardiae nodules nocardioses nodulus nocardiosis nodulus of vermis nociception Nomarski differential interference micrograph nociceptive nociceptive stimuli Nomarski differential interference microscope nociceptor receptors nomarski interference contrast microscopy nociceptors nominal aphasia nocturnal non A, non B hepatitis nocturnal enuresis non equilibrium model nocturnal flying non template strand nocturnal periodic species nonabsorbable nocturnal periodicity nonacid nod factors nonactivated nodal enlargement nonadaptive 507 nonadaptive evolution nonadaptive evolution nonbonding non-adaptive evolutionary change nonbranching non-adaptive processes nonbreeding nonadditive noncancer cells nonadditive genetic components noncancerous nonadditively noncanonical nonadjacent noncapsid viral protein nonadrenergic noncapsidic viral protein nonaerated noncarbohydrate non-agglutinated noncardiopulmonary causes nonallelic noncatalytic non-A-non-B hepatitis noncellular nonanthropogenic noncellulose nonaquatic habitats noncentralized nonaqueous nonchemical nonarticular nonchlorinated nonassociative learning noncholinergic nonassociative memory non-ciliated nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism non-classical nonautotrophic organism non-classical CAH nonavian nonclassified non-B cells non-coding nonbackbone groups non-coding DNA non-base-paired noncoding interposed sequences non-bile-stained noncoding lesion nonbiological noncoding region non-biological noncoding RNAs nonbloody diarrhea noncoiling 508 noncommunicating hydrocephalus noncommunicating hydrocephalus nondenaturing noncompatible nondestructive noncompetitive nondiabetics noncompetitive inhibition nondiagnostic noncompetitive inhibitor nondifferential forms noncompressible nondiffusible nonconducted nondirectional nonconjugative nondisease-causing vector nonconjugative plasmids nondisjunction nonconstitutive pathway nondividing noncontiguous non-DNA-binding complex nonconvulsive nondominant hand nonconvulsive status epilepticus nonduplex mRNAs noncoronary sinus nonelastic noncovalent nonelectrolytes noncovalent forces nonelectrolytes of plasma noncovalently nonencapsulated noncovalently linked nonencysted noncyclic nonendemic noncyclic electron transport pathway nonenhancing lesion noncytocidal infection nonenveloped noncytolytic nonenzymatic noncytopathic non-enzyme proteins noncytoplasmic nonequilibrium communit noncytotoxic nonequilibrium conditions nondeclarative memory nonequivalent nondefective virus nonerect penis nondegenerate nonessential 509 nonevolving nonevolving nongrowing cells nonexercise activity thermogenesis nonhealing nonexpanded nonhelical nonexpectorating nonhemolytic nonfebrile nonherbivorous nonfenestrated nonheritable variation nonfermentative nonhistone nonfermenter nonhomologous nonfermenting nonhomologous end joining nonfimbrial adhesin nonhormonal anomalies nonflagellate nonhospital non-flagellated nonhost nonfluent aphasia nonhuman nonflying nonhybrid nonforest biomes nonhybridized probe nonforested nonhydrocarbon nonfunctional nonhydrolyzable nonfunctional gene nonidentical nongene sequences non-identical twins nongenetic nonimmune nongenomic nonimmune hemolysis nongenomic effects nonimmunogenic nonglycosylated non-inbred non-GM noninduced nongonococcal noninfected nongonococcal urethritis noninfection nongranular noninfested nongrowing noninformational 510 noninformative noninformative nonmalarious noninherited form of the disease nonmammalian noninitiator tRNA nonmarine noninjected non-matched non-insulin-dependent diabetes non-membrane bound nonintegrated nonmicrobial material nonintegrating nonmimetic non-interbreeding populations non-missing noninvading nonmitotic noninvasive non-model nonionic nonmolecular nonionic diffusion nonmotile nonionic polar molecule nonmuscle non-ionized nonmuscular nonionizing nonmutant non-jointed nonmutualistic nonkin nonmyelinated nonkinetochore microtubules non-native nonlabeled nonnecrotic nonlethal nonneoplastic nonlipid nonneural cells non-lipid-containing virus non-neutral alleles nonliving non-neutral loci non-LTR retrotransposons non-neutral markers nonlymphatic non-neutralizing antibodies non-lymphohematopoietic non-nucleated cells nonlymphoid nonnucleoside nonlytic non-nucleoside 511 nonobese nonobese nonpilus adhesins nonoliguric nonpilus structures nononcogenic nonplacental nonoperculated nonpneumonic nonopposable nonpoisonous non-ornamented nonpolar nonosmotic nonpolar covalent bond nonovarian tissue nonpolar molecule nonoverlapping nonpolymorphic nonoxynol-9 nonpolyposis nonparalytic poliomyelitis nonpredators nonparasitic nonpregnant nonparental nonproductive nonpathogenic nonproductive cough nonpeptide nonprofessional phagocytes nonpeptide antigen nonprogressive nonperfused nonproliferating nonperiodic nonproliferative phase nonperitoneal area nonpromiscuous species nonpermanent nonpropagated nonpermissive nonprotein nonpest nonprotein components nonphagocytic nonprotein molecules nonphloem cells nonproteinaceous material nonphotosynthetic nonprotein-coding elements nonphysiological conditions nonpulsatile flow nonpiercing non-Q-wave nonpigmented nonradioactive 512 non-random non-random nonselective nonrandom mating nonself nonrandomly non-self antigens nonrandomness non-self graft non-rapid eye movement nonself MHC class I antigens nonreactivity non-self-pollination nonreciprocal crossover nonsense nonreciprocal translocation nonsense mediated mRNA decay nonrecombinant nonsense mutation non-recombining sequence nonsensical nonreduced nonseptate hyphae non-redundant microsatellites nonserpentine nonrefractile nonsexually nonregulatory nonsheathed nonrelated infection nonshivering thermogenesis nonrelative nonsister chromatids non-REM sleep nonspecific non-repetitive sequences nonspecific cells nonreplicating nonspecific cholinesterase nonreproducing nonspecific defenses nonreproductive nonspecific immune defense mechanisms nonresistant nonspecific immune defenses nonresponders nonspecific immune mechanisms non-responsiveness nonspecific immune response nonrigid nonspecific immune responses nonscientists nonspecific innate resistance nonsecretory nonspecifically nonsegmented nonspherical 513 nonspontaneous nonspontaneous nontolerant non-spore-forming nontoxic nonsporing nontoxigenic nonstandard nontranscribed nonsteroidal non-transcribed DNA nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs non-transcribed spacers nonstop mediated decay nontransferable nonstressed nontransgenic nonstructural nontranslated nonsulfated nontranslated region nonsulfur purple bacteria nontraumatic nonsuppressible nontreponemal test nonsuppurative nontropic nonsynaptic nontuberculous mycobacteria nonsyncytial nontubulin proteins nonsyndromic deafness nontumor nonsynonymous nontumorigenic nonsynonymous site nontwin nonsynonymous substitution nontypeable non-T cells nonuniform non-target DNA nonvaccinated nontaster nonvariegated nontemplate nonvascular nontemplate strand nonvascular plants nonterritorial nonvenereal nontherapeutic nonvenereal syphilis nonthyroidal nonvenomous non-tolerance nonventilated 514 nonverbal thinking nonverbal thinking normal development nonvertebrates normal distribution nonviable normal distribution curve nonviral normal flora nonvirally normal growth controls nonvisual normal growth curve nonvisual retina normal microbiota nonvital body area normal range non-Watson-Crick base pairing normal sinus rhythm nonwoody normality of a solution nonwoody plants normally noradrenaline normally distributed noradrenergic normal-normal dimers noradrenergic nerve terminals normetanephrine noradrenergic nerves normocytic noradrenergic nervous discharge normocytic anemia noradrenergic neurons normotensive noradrenergic stimulation North American blastomycosis noradrenergically mediated North Asian tick fever norepinephrine Northern blot norm of reaction Northern blots normal northern coniferous forest normal bacteria Northern summer normal body function north-south gradient normal cell chromosome Norwalk virus normal cell processes Norwegian scabies normal cellular control mechanisms nosocomial normal color vision nosocomial brain abscesses 515 nosocomial diseases nosocomial diseases N-terminal amino acid nosocomial infection N-terminal basic domain nostrils N-terminal domain not sexually reproductive N-terminal residue notacanthiforms, Notacanthiformes N-terminal sequence notch N-terminus notched N-terminus domain no-till agriculture N-terminus structure notochord NTM notochordal process NTM infections nototheniids NTPs Nototheniidae NTR notothenioid fishes NTS nourish nuchal hair line nourishing nuchal rigidity nourishment nucleotidic reverse transcriptase inhibitors novel nuclear novobiocin nuclear alleles novocaine nuclear antigens noxae nuclear area noxious nuclear areas nrDNA nuclear bag fiber 1 NREM sleep nuclear chain fibers NRTI nuclear chromosomes NSAIDs nuclear copies NSR nuclear data nt nuclear decay N-terminal nuclear diploid locus 516 nuclear disintegration nuclear disintegration nuclear pores nuclear diversity nuclear processing nuclear division nuclear proliferation nuclear DNA nuclear proteins nuclear DNA-binding proteins nuclear receptor superfamily nuclear DNA-binding proteins nuclear receptors nuclear encoded nuclear region nuclear envelope nuclear ribosomal DNA nuclear equivalence nuclear ribosomal DNA genes nuclear extract nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer nuclear fusion nuclear sequence nuclear gene phylogeographies nuclear sequence data nuclear genes nuclear to cytoplasmic export nuclear genome nuclear transcription factor nuclear genotypes nuclear transfer nuclear introgression nuclear transport nuclear lamina nucleariids nuclear lineages Nucleariida nuclear localization signal nuclease digestion nuclear loci nuclease S1 nuclear magnetic resonance nuclease-resistant nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy nucleases nuclear matrix nucleate host cells nuclear medicine investigation nucleated nuclear membrane nuclei nuclear microsatellites nuclei sediment nuclear oncogene nucleic acid amplification assay nuclear pore complex 517 nucleic acid amplification procedure nucleic acid amplification procedure nucleoplasm nucleic acid bases nucleoplasmic snRNPs nucleic acid detection nucleoprotein nucleic acid double helix nucleoprotein complexes nucleic acid helix nucleoprotein helix nucleic acid hybridization nucleoproteins nucleic acid linkers nucleoside nucleic acid polymers nucleoside 5'-triphosphates nucleic acid probe nucleoside analogs nucleic acid sequence nucleoside analogues nucleic acid strands nucleoside monophosphate nucleic acid structure nucleoside RT inhibitors nucleic acid-based test nucleoside triphosphates nucleic acid-binding proteins nucleosidic nucleic acids nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitors nucleocapsid nucleosomal nucleocapsid protein nucleosomal repeat length nucleoid nucleosomal repeat unit nucleolar organizer nucleosome nucleolar organizer region nucleosome beads nucleoli nucleosome core nucleolus nucleosome core particles on DNA nucleolus organizer region nucleosome repeats nucleomorph nucleotidase nucleophiles nucleotide nucleophilic nucleotide base pair nucleophilic attack nucleotide bases nucleophilic substitution nucleotide chain 518 nucleotide change nucleotide change nucleotide-binding domain nucleotide changes nucleotides nucleotide components nucleotidic nucleotide composition nucleotidyl transferases nucleotide data nucleotidylation nucleotide differences nucleus nucleotide divergence nucleus accumbens septi nucleotide diversity nucleus ambiguus nucleotide diversity per site nucleus basalis of Meynert nucleotide excision repair nucleus of spinal tract V nucleotide excision repair pathways nucleus of the solitary tract nucleotide monomer nucleus of tractus solitarius nucleotide pair nucleus parabrachialis nucleotide polymers nucleus pulposus nucleotide polymorphism nucleus tractus solitarius nucleotide positions nude mouse nucleotide precursors nudibranchs nucleotide regulatory proteins Nudibranchia nucleotide scavenging nudiviruses nucleotide sequence null alleles nucleotide site null cells nucleotide substitutions null hypothesis nucleotide subunits nullify nucleotide synthesis nulliparous woman nucleotide triphosphatase numb feet nucleotide triplet number of calories needed nucleotide variability numbness nucleotide-base analogues numerical aperture 519 numerical measurements numerical measurements nutrient-enriched numerical prevalence nutrient-poor numerical superiority nutrient-rich numerical taxonomy nutrients numts nutrition nurse nutrition type nurse cells nutritional nursery nutritional abnormalities nursery ground nutritional consequences nursing nutritional deficiencies nurture nutritional improvement nutrient nutritional mode nutrient agar nutritional mutants nutrient agar plate nutritional quality nutrient artery nutritional requirements nutrient availability nutritional state nutrient balance nutritional supplies nutrient broth nutritionally nutrient content nutritionally dependent nutrient cycling nutritionally enriched medium nutrient depletion nutritionally essential amino acids nutrient enrichment nutritionally fastidious nutrient exchange process nutritionally independent nutrient medium nutritionist nutrient minerals nutritious nutrient molecules nutritive nutrient substrate nutritive organs nutrient tissue nutritive tissue 520 nutshell nutshell nvCJD nylon membrane nymph nymph I nymph II nystagmus nystatin 521 O oblique arytenoid muscle O oblique course O polysaccharide side chain oblique fissure O2 consumption oblique line O2 debt oblique pericardial sinus O2-carrying ability of the blood oblique plane O2-carrying power of the blood oblique popliteal ligament O2-carrying power of the blood obliquely oak forest obliquus capitis inferior O-antigenic lipopolysaccharides obliquus capitis superior obese obliterated umbilical vein obex obliterative objective lens observable objective symptoms observational obligate observational data obligate aerobes observations obligate anaerobes observations of nature obligate cell parasites observe obligate intracellular parasites observed heterozygosity obligate mutualism observed heterozygosity values obligate outcrosser observed heterozygote deficit obligate selfer obstetric date obligate self-fertilization obstetrician obligate selfing obstruct obligately obstructed airflow obligately aerobic obstruction obligately intracellular pathogen obstructive oblique obstructive anomalies 522 obstructive changes obstructive changes occasional obstructive jaundice occipital obstructive laryngitis occipital artery obstructive pulmonary disease occipital belly obstructive shock occipital bone obstructive sleep apnea occipital condyle obstructive uropathy occipital cortex obtain occipital lobe obtain appropriate counseling occipital nodes obtunded occipital pole obturated occipital sinus obturator occipital vein obturator artery occipitocervical obturator canal occipitofrontal circumference obturator externus occipitofrontalis obturator externus muscle occipitofrontalis muscle obturator fascia occipitomastoid suture obturator foramen occlude obturator foraminae occluded obturator groove occluding junctions obturator internus muscle occlusion obturator internus tendon occlusion of the genital canal obturator membrane occlusive vascular disease obturator nerve occult obturator vein occult malignancy obtuse margin occupation obvious occupational disease OC occupied 523 occupy occupy Ochotonidae occur ochre occur naturally octamer occurrence octamer core of histone proteins ocean octapeptide ocean acidification octoploid ocean chemistry octopods ocean circulation ocular ocean currents ocular adnexa ocean dwellers ocular cysticercosis ocean floor ocular infection ocean sediments ocular lens ocean sunfish ocular lymphogranuloma venereum ocean temperatures ocular manifestations ocean trawling ocular muscles ocean water ocular nerve oceanic oculocardiac reflex oceanic circulation oculocephalic reflex oceanic crust oculogenital disease oceanic plates oculoglandular oceanic province oculomotor nerve oceanic zone odd facies oceanographic front odd-numbered oceanography odd-toed ungulates O-cell wall antigen Odonata ocelli odontogenic abscesses ocellus odor molecules ocelot odorant chemicals 524 odorant molecules odorant molecules oil extraction odorant receptor oil glands odorants oil immersion odoriferous molecules oil immersion microscopy odorous molecules oil of wintergreen oestradiol oil palm oestradiol oil spills oestrogens oils oestrone oily of oily consistency offending ointment offensive Okazaki fragments offload old offset old data Old World monkeys offshoot old-growth forest offshore waters old-growth forest offspring Oldowan offspring genotypes olecranon offspring of sexual reproduction olecranon fossa ofloxacin olecranon of the ulna O-glycosylation olecranon process of ulna OGTT oleic acid OH olfaction OHolfactory oil body olfactory attractant oil deposits olfactory bulb of the brain oil exploration olfactory centers 525 olfactory cilia olfactory cilia olfactory system olfactory cortex olfactory threshold olfactory cues olfactory tract olfactory epithelium oligo A sequence olfactory foramina oligo dG olfactory glands oligo dG primer olfactory glomeruli oligo dT olfactory hairs oligo dT primer olfactory information oligo dT -cellulose olfactory lobes oligo dT -primed cDNA clones olfactory mechanisms oligoadenylate olfactory mucosa Oligocene olfactory mucous membrane oligochaetes olfactory nerve Oligochaeta olfactory nerve fibres oligoclonal olfactory neurons oligoclonal band olfactory pathways oligodendrocytes olfactory perception oligodendrocytoma olfactory reception oligodendrogliocytes olfactory receptor cells oligodontia olfactory receptor genes oligohydramnios olfactory receptor proteins oligomeganephronia olfactory receptors oligomenorrhea olfactory rod oligomer olfactory sensilla oligomeric olfactory sensory neurons oligonucleic olfactory stimulation oligonucleic acids olfactory stimulus oligonucleotide primers 526 oligonucleotide sequence oligonucleotide sequence omphalomesenteric duct oligonucleotides Omps oligopeptide on a per capita basis oligos Onchocerca nodules oligosaccharidase Onchocerca volvulus oligosaccharides onchocerciasis oligotrophic onchocercomas oliguria onchocercosis olivary complex oncogene olivary nuclei oncogene products olives oncogene proteins olivocerebellar oncogenes olivocochlear bundle oncogenesis omasum oncogenic omega-3 fatty acids oncogenic potential omenta oncogenic retroviruses omental appendices oncogenic transformation omental bursa oncogenically omental cake oncornaviruses omental foramen oncosphere omeprazole oncotic pressure ommatidia oncovirus promoter ommatidium oncoviruses omnivores one carbon metabolism omohyoid muscle one cell thick Omp one gene-one protein omphalitis one shot pattern of big bang reproduction omphalomesenteric duct one year's growth 527 one-egg one-egg opacity of the lens one-parameter model opacity of the sclera one-step opacity protein one-to-one correspondence between genes opalescent one-way opaque one-way gate open ongoing open circular onset open circular DNA onset of sleep open circulatory system onset symptoms open lung biopsy ontogenetic sequence open reading frame ontogeny open spine onychophorans, Onychophora open system oocyst open tuberculosis oocyte open woods oogamy open-circular DNA oogenesis opened oogonia open-ended oogonium opening ookinete opening of coronary sinus oomycetes opening of the pulmonary trunk Oomycota opening of the urethra oophoritis opening to the outside oospheres operant conditioning oospore operate Opa operational measures Opa protein operational sex ratio opacities operative trauma 528 operator operator opisthorchiosis operator region opisthotonos operator sequence opponens digiti minimi operator site opponens pollicis operator-binding site opportunist opercular opportunistic operculated opportunistic feeder operculum opportunistic infection operon opportunistic mycoses operon genes opportunistic pathogens operon model opportunists OPG opposable Ophisaurus opposable first digit Ophiuroidea opposable thumb ophthalmia neonatorum oppose ophthalmic artery opposing ophthalmic division of the fifth nerve opposite ophthalmic nerve opposite charges ophthalmic veins opposite effects ophthalmological opposite ends of a bond ophthalmoscope opposite leaf arrangement opiate drugs opposite phyllotaxy opiates opposite relationship opiliones opposite sex opioid peptides oppositely charged opioid receptors opsin opioids opsin proteins opisthokonts opsonic antibodies 529 opsonins opsonins optical isomer opsonization optical righting reflexes opsonize optical section opsonized optical system opsonizing optically optic axis optically inactive optic canal optima optic chiasm optimal optic cup optimal foraging optic disc optimal foraging behavior optic dural sheath optimal foraging model optic fissure optimal form optic foramen optimal phenotype optic ganglion optimal phenotypes optic groove optimality line optic lobes optimum optic nerve optimum character state optic nerve fibers optimum character value optic nerve head optimum phenotype optic nerve meninges optochin optic neuritis OPV optic part of the retina OR optic radiation OR genes optic stalk ora serrata optic sulcus oral optic tract oral anticoagulation optic vesicle oral arms optical density oral bait vaccination programs 530 oral cavity oral cavity oral-aboral axis oral cavity infections oral-anal oral cavity proper oral-facial-digital syndrom oral contents oral-genital contact oral contraceptives orally oral digestion orally active oral environment orally administered oral fissure orbicularis oculi oral glucose tolerance test orbicularis oculi muscle oral groove orbicularis oris oral health orbicularis oris muscle oral herpes orbit oral hygiene orbital oral infection orbital apex oral ingestion orbital blow-out fracture oral mucosa orbital bones oral muscles orbital cavity oral papillae orbital contents oral penicillin orbital fat oral polio vaccine orbital floor oral soor orbital hybridization oral streptococci orbital margin oral sucker orbital part of the frontal bone oral surface orbital plate of the ethmoid bone oral surface of the palate orbital portion oral temperature orbital process of the palatine bone oral tolerance orbital rim oral vestibule orbital section of the lid 531 orbital septum orbital septum ORF orbital surface of the maxilla orf orbital surface of the zygomatic bone orf virus orbital tubercle organ orbital wall organ blood flow orbitalis muscle organ cultures orbitofrontal organ development orbitofrontal cortex organ explants orbitofrontal gyri of the frontal lobe organ identity genes orbits organ infections ORC organ manifestations Orchidaceae organ of Corti orchid family organ of exchange orchil organ of gas exchange orchitis organ of photosynthesis order organ system order of nucleotide bases organ transplant recipients order of the sequences organ transplants ordered organ tuberculosis ordering organelle data orderly organelle DNA ordinary organelle genes Ordovician organelle genomes Ordovician period organelle isolation orexigenic organelle membranes orexin organelle movements orexin-A organelles orexin-B organelles in eukaryotic cells 532 organelle-specific enzymes organelle-specific enzymes organismal fitness organelle-targeting function organismal forms organic organismal level organic acid screen organismal respiration organic acids organismic biology organic chemist organismic model organic chemistry organismic respiration organic compounds organisms organic debris organization organic disease organizational domains of prokaryotic DNA organic enrichment organizational features organic evolution organize organic farmers organized organic fuels organizing responses organic litter organogenesis organic material organomegaly organic material organophosphate organic matter organophosphate pesticides organic molecules organosulfur compounds organic nutrients organotrophic organic osmolytes organotrophs organic pollutants from sewage organotropism organic system organs for transferring sperm organic wastes organs of balance organism organs of the digestive system organismal organ-specific organismal complexity organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis organismal ecology 533 orgasm orgasm original genome orgasmic phase original native sample ORI sites original root ORI-binding protein original species orient originate Oriental realm origins of replication oriental sore ornament orientation ornamental orientation behavior ornamental plants orientation diagram ornamentation orientation flight ornamented orientation-specific promoter elements ornaments oriented ornidazole oriented movement ornithine orienting mechanism ornithine carbamoyltransferase orienting reflex ornithischians orienting response Ornithischia orifice ornithischian origin ornithologist origin of life Ornithonhynchidae origin of replication ornithosis origin recognition complex oro-antral communication origin sequences orofacial area original orofacial trauma original alleles oropharyngeal original character value oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis original DNA sequence oropharyngeal bacteria original gene lineages oropharyngeal carriage 534 oropharyngeal flora oropharyngeal flora orthopteroids oropharyngeal isthmus orthoreoviruses oropharyngeal muscles orthostasis oropharyngeal swab orthostatic albuminuria oropharyngeal wall orthostatic hypotension oropharynx ortosystemic anastomosis Oropouche virus os tincae Oroya fever os trigonum orphan oscillate orphan receptors oscillogram orpine family oscilloscope orthoconic oscines orthodromic conduction oscula orthodromic stimulation osculum orthogenesis osm orthogenetic osmoconformer orthograde degeneration osmolal concentration ortholog osmolality orthologous osmolarity orthologous member osmole orthology osmoreceptor cells orthomyxoviruses osmoreceptors orthopedic surgeon osmoregulate orthopnea osmoregulation orthopoxvirus osmoregulator orthopterans osmoregulatory Orthoptera osmoregulatory status orthopteroid insects osmosis 535 osmotic osmotic ossicles of the ear osmotic balance ossicular chain osmotic concentration ossicular conduction osmotic conditions ossification osmotic diuresis ossification center osmotic effect ossified osmotic equilibrium ossify osmotic gradient Ostariophysi osmotic influences osteichthyans osmotic load Osteichthyes osmotic potential osteoarthritis osmotic pressure osteoarthritis osmotic pressure difference osteoarthropathy osmotic pressure gradient osteoarthrosis osmotic response curve osteoblast osmotic shock osteochondritis osmotic stress osteoclast osmotic threshold for thirst osteoclastic activity osmotically osteoclasts osmotically active osteocyte osmotically fragile osteolytic hypercalcemia osmotically sensitive osteolytic lesions O-specific polysaccharide chain osteomyelitis ospreys osteon osseous chain osteophytes osseous continuity osteoporosis osseous labyrinth osteoporotic fracture ossicles osteoporotic wedge fractures 536 osteoprotegrin osteoprotegrin outcrossed ostia outcrossing ostitis outcrossing plants ostium secundum ASD outcrossing scheme ostium urethrae outcrossing species ostracoderms outer otic outer anulus fibrosus otic ganglion outer bark otitis outer bark tissue otitis externa outer barriers of the body otitis media outer capsid otoconia outer core otolithic membrane outer covering otolithic organ outer cytoplasm otoliths outer defenses ototoxicity outer doublets Ouchterlony immuno-double-diffusion technique outer ear outer edge of the embryo outbreak outer envelope outbreak of disease outer epithelial covering outbreak of sweating outer fibrous layer outbred outer fibrous membrane outbreeding outer germ layer outbreeding depression outer hair cells outcome outer layer of the skin outcompete outer margin of the iliac crest outcross outer medulla outcross pollen outer membrane 537 outer membrane blebs outer membrane blebs out-of-focus light outer membrane protein out-of-phase light outer membrane protein antigens out-of-season migratory behavior outer membranous envelope outpatient basis outer microtubule doublets outpatient clinic outer mitochondrial membrane outpocketing outer nuclear layer output outer periosteal layer output interactions outer plexiform layer output per minute outer posterior quadrant of eyeball outside outer primer outside energy outer skin outside factors outer surface outside hospitals outer table of skull outside input of energy outer vagina outside temperature outermost outside the cell outflow outside world outflow obstruction outsider outgroup outstretched outgroup analysis outward outgrow outward gradient outgrowth outwash areas outlaw genes outweigh outlaws ova outlet oval outlying oval fossa out-of-africa hypothesis oval window out-of-Africa model ovalbumin 538 ovale malaria ovale malaria overall atrophy oval-shaped overall effect ovarian overall fold ovarian agenesis overall global temperature ovarian artery overall match of the sequences ovarian capsule overall mutation rate ovarian cells overall protein structure ovarian cycle overbreathing ovarian development overcome ovarian dysgenesis overdiagnosis ovarian follicles overdominance ovarian hormones overdominant ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome overdose ovarian ligament overeating ovarian stroma overexcitability ovarian stromal vessels overexcitation ovarian vessels overexpanding ovariectomized overexploit ovariectomy overexploitation ovaries overexpress ovario-uterine anastomosis overexpressed ovary overexpression ovary wall overextension overactivation overfed overactive overfeeding overactivity overfertilization overall overfishing overall adaptability overflow incontinence 539 overgrazing overgrazing overreact overgrow over-replication overgrown overrepresented overgrowth over-respond overhang over-response overhanging overresponsive overharvesting overretained overheated override overheating overriding factor overhunting overripe overhydration overshadowed overlaid overshoot overland dispersal overstimulate overlap overstimulated overlapping overt symptoms overlapping genes over-the-counter overlapping ranges overtones overload overtop overload overtwisting of the double helix overloaded overuse overlying overuse syndrome overmaster overventilated overnourishment overventilated alveoli overnutrition overwatering overpopulated overweight overproduce overwhelming overproduced overwinter overproduction overwintering ground 540 overwintering site overwintering site oxidant stress overwound oxidase overzealous oxidase + oviduct oxidase positive oviduct cell oxidase-positive oviduct scarring oxidation oviparous oxidation products oviposition oxidation reaction ovipositor oxidation-reduction reaction ovoid oxidative ovoviviparous oxidative burst ovulate oxidative capacity ovulate cones oxidative damage ovulating oxidative deamination ovulation oxidative decarboxylation ovulation-timing methods oxidative fibers ovule oxidative mechanisms ovum oxidative metabolism owl’s eye oxidative organelles owl’s-eye inclusion bodies oxidative pathway oxacillin oxidative phosphorylation oxalates oxidative processes oxaloacetate oxidative reaction oxamniquine oxidatively oxantel oxides oxazolidinones oxidize oxidant oxidized oxidant form oxidized form 541 oxidized state oxidized state oxygenated oxidizing oxygenated blood oxidizing agent oxygenation oxidizing atmosphere oxygen-binding component oxidoreductase oxygen-carrying capacity oxolinic acid oxygen-carrying capacity of blood OXPHOS oxygen-carrying protein in muscle oxy form oxygen-enriched blood oxygen oxygen-excluding cells oxygen analyzer oxygen-free oxygen concentration oxygen-free radicals oxygen content oxygen-generating photosynthesis oxygen debt oxygen-hemoglobin curve oxygen debt mechanism oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve oxygen delivery system oxygen-labile oxygen deprivation oxygen-poor blood oxygen desaturation oxygen-producing photosynthesis oxygen enrichment hypothesis oxygen-requiring process oxygen ions oxygen-rich blood oxygen metabolites oxygen-rich seas oxygen radicals oxygen-stable oxygen revolution oxygen-storing protein oxygen saturation oxyhemoglobin oxygen substituents oxyntic cells oxygen transport oxyphil cells oxygen transport protein oxyphil granules oxygen transporters oxypurines oxygenate oxypyrimidines 542 oxytocin oxytocin oxytocin neurons oxyurid eggs oxyuriosis oxyuriosis oyster drills ozena ozone depletion ozone depletion in the stratosphere ozone destruction ozone destruction in the stratosphere ozone thinning 543 P packaged P packaging p arm packaging of the protein P blood group antigen packaging proteins P cells packed P cells packed red cells P factor packed together P fimbriae packet P generation packing P site packing arrangement P wave PaCO2 P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane proteins pad p.i. PA interval pace pacemaker pacemaker cells pacemaker discharge pacemaker neurons pacemaker potentials pacemaker tissue pacemaker wire Pacific hagfish Pacific yew Pacinian corpuscle pack package 544 pad of fat paddlelike paddy straw mushroom pads PAE paedomorphic paedomorphosis PAF PAH pain pain fibers pain in limbs pain innervation pain killers pain line pain on swallowing pain perception pain perception paired fins pain receptors paired helical filaments pain reliever paired lungs pain signals paired sister chromatids pain stimulation paired strands of DNA pain threshold pairing pain transmission pairing errors pain withdrawal reflex pairing of bases painful pairing pattern painful stool elimination pairing properties painful urination pair-rule gene painkilling drugs pairs of autosomes painless pairwise alignments pain-relief measures pairwise comparison pain-relieving sedative pakicetids pair palaeognaths PAIR Palaeognathae pair bond palatable pair bonding palatal pair of electrons palatal gingiva pair of testes palate pair out of register palatine PAIR procedure palatine aponeurosis pair up palatine artery pair-bond palatine bone pair-bonded males palatine canal pair-bonding palatine processes paired palatine raphe 545 palatine rugae palatine rugae palindrome palatine tonsils palindromic palatoglossal arch palindromic sequence palatoglossal fold palisade palatoglossus muscle palisade mesophyll palatomaxillary suture palliative agents palatopharyngeal arch palliative measures palatopharyngeal sphincter palliative treatment palatopharyngeus muscle palliatives palatovaginal canal pallidohypothalamic fibers pale stools pallium Palearctic pallor Palearctic realm palm of the hand paleoanthropologist palmar paleoanthropology palmar aponeurosis paleoarchaeology palmar arch paleobiologist palmar carpal branch paleobotanist palmar digital artery Paleocene palmar digital branches Paleocene epoch palmar grasp paleocortex palmar interossei Paleogene period palmar interosseous muscles Paleolithic palmar ligament paleontological palmar metacarpal artery paleontologist palmar pad of the thumb paleontology palmar radiocarpal ligament Paleozoic palmar ulnocarpal ligament Paleozoic era palmar view 546 palmaris brevis muscle palmaris brevis muscle panarthropods palmaris longus muscle Panarthropoda palmately netted pancreas palmitic acid pancreatectomy palmitoyl pancreatic palmitoylated pancreatic acinar cells palmitoylethanolamide pancreatic acinar tissue palolo worm pancreatic amylase palpable pancreatic cancer palpate pancreatic duct palpation pancreatic duct of Wirsung palpation method pancreatic duct system palpebral pancreatic enzymes palpebral conjunctiva pancreatic hormones palpebral fissure pancreatic islet tissue palpi pancreatic islets palpitations pancreatic islets palps pancreatic juice PALS pancreatic lipase palsy pancreatic pain PAM pancreatic polypeptide PAME pancreatic veins p-aminobenzoic acid pancreaticoduodenal artery p-aminohippuric acid pancreaticoduodenal vein p-aminosalicylic acid pancreatitis pampas pancreatobiliary tree pampiniform plexus of veins pancreozymin PAMPs pancytopenia 547 pancytopenic pancytopenic papery Pandanus Papez circuit pandemic papilla pandemic occurrence papillae pandemic threat papillary panel of viruses papillary conjunctivitis Paneth cells papillary muscles Pangaea papilledema pangolins papilloedema panhypopituitarism papilloma viruses panmictic papillomas panmixia papillomatosis pannus papillomatous pannus formation papillomavirus pansexuality papillomavirus-caused cervical dysplasias pansystolic papovaviruses pant Papovaviridae Panton-Valentine leukocidin pappataci fever pantothenate papular induration pantothenic acid papules pantropic papulosquamous exanthem PaO2 papulous PAP papulous exanthem PAP papulovesicular exanthema Pap smear papulovesicular rash papain para-aminosalicylic acid Papanicolaou test para-aortic nodes papaya para-aortic region 548 parabasal bodies parabasal bodies parahippocampal gyrus parabasalids parainfectious encephalomyelitis Parabasala parainfluenza parabronchi parainfluenza 3 virus paracellular pathway parainfluenza virus paracentric parallel diversification paracentric inversion parallel ecological divergence parachlorometaxylenol parallel evolution paracoccidioidomycosis parallel fibers paracolic gutter parallel hybridization experiments paracortex parallel speciation paracrine parallel veins paracrine agents parallel venation paracrine communication parallel β-sheet paracrine effect parallelism paracrine fashion paralog paracrine mediator paralogous paracrine regulation paralogous region paracrine signaling paralogous relationship paracrystalline paralogy paracrystalline-patterned antigens paralysis paracrystals paralysis of the atria paradoxical sleep paralytic parafollicular cells paralytic action paraganglia paralytic ileus paragonimiasis paralytic polio paragonimosis paralytic poliomyelitis parahippocampal cortex paralytic stage 549 paralyze paralyze parapodial rudiments paramecia parapodium Paramecium parapox viruses Paramecium caudatum paraproteins parameningeal disease pararenal fat paramesonephric duct parareptiles, Parareptilia paramesonephric groove parasexual parameters parasexual processes parametric parasite paramomycin parasite antigens paramyosin parasite immunoevasion paramyxoviruses parasite load paranasal sinus infections parasite multiplication paranasal sinuses parasite progeny paranephric body parasite stages paranephric fat parasite transmission parapatric parasite virulence parapatric speciation parasite-directed endocytosis parapatrically parasitemia paraphimosis parasitic paraphyletic parasitic disease paraphyletic group parasitic DNA sequences paraphyletic nature parasitic female paraphyletic pattern of distribution parasitic infection paraphyly parasitic life paraplegia parasitic protozoa paraplegic parasitic stage parapodia parasitic wasps 550 parasitic worms parasitic worms paratracheal parasiticidal paratracheal nodes parasitism paratypes parasitize paratyphoid fever parasitized by para-umbilical hernia parasitoid para-umbilical veins parasitoid insects paraurethral ducts parasitoids, parasitoid wasps paraurethral glands parasitologically paraurethral glands of Skene parasitologist paravalvular abscesses parasitology paraventricular parasitology laboratory paraventricular neurons parasitology specimens paraventricular nucleus parasitophorous vacuole paravertebral parasitophorous vacuole of a macrophage paravertebral sympathetic ganglia parasitose paravertebral sympathetic ganglion chain parasternal nodes paravertebral sympathetic trunk parasympathetic Parazoa parasympathetic division parcellation parasympathetic fibers parechoviruses parasympathetic innervation parenchyma parasympathetic nerves parenchyma cells parasympathetic neurons parenchyma tissue parasympathetic supply parenchymal parasympathetic system parenchymal cells parathyroid glands parenchymal cells parathyroid hormone parenchymal degeneration parathyroid hormone secretion parenchymal layer 551 parenchymatous parenchymatous parental manipulation parenchymatous organs parental nucleus parenchymatous syphilis parental offspring parent parental population parent cell parental quality parent material parental sister strand parent molecule parental traits parent plant parental varieties parent population parental virus parent rock parental-type parent strand parenteral parentage parenteral nutrition parentage analysis parenterally parentage studies parenting parental parenting costs parental parent-offspring bond parental appearance parent-offspring conflict parental behavior parents parental care paresis parental caregiving paresthesia parental class parietal bone parental duplex parietal cells parental effort parietal cortex parental generation parietal foramen parental imprinting parietal layer parental investment parietal lobe parental investment in offspring parietal peritoneum parental male parietal pleura 552 parietal-temporal-occipital association area parietal-temporal-occipital association area parrot fever parietomastoid suture parrot fish parietooccipital pars compacta parietooccipital blood flow pars interarticularis Parinaud oculoglandular conjunctivitis pars interarticularis fractures parkinsonism pars plana paroid duct pars plana epithelium paronychia pars plicata paroophoron pars reticulata paroophoron tubules pars tuberalis parotid parsimonious parotid duct parsimoniously parotid gland parsimony parotid nodes parsimony connection limit parotid plexus parsimony criterion parotid salivary glands parsimony limit parotitis parsimony network parous os parsimony tree parous women part paroxysmal parts paroxysmal arrhythmias parthenogenesis paroxysmal atrial tachycardia parthenogenetic paroxysmal coughing parthenogenetic reproduction paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria parthenogenetically paroxysmal phase parthenogenetically produced paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia partial arrangement of genes paroxysms partial charges paroxysms of chills partial chromosome 553 partial cordotomy partial cordotomy particulate mechanism for inheritance partial cytochrome c mitochondrial sequences particulates partition partial digestion partitioned partial DNA strand partly digested partial double-stranded DNA genome partner partial genomes partner homologous chromosomes partial negative charge partnering behavior partial oxygen pressure partnership partial positive charge parts of the flower partial pressure parturition partial pressure gradient parvovirus partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide parvovirus B19 partial restriction enzyme digestion PAS partial seizures with secondary generalization PAS partial selfer PAS staining partial sequence pass partial zona dissection pass on partially charged atoms pass out participate pass through participation passage particle agglutination test passageway particle to plaque-forming unit ratio passenger DNA particles passenger lymphocytes particulate passenger pigeon particulate air pollution Passeriformes particulate inheritance Passerina cyanea particulate matter Passifloraceae 554 passion flower plants passion flower plants patches of habitat passive agglutination patchily passive countercurrent multiplication patchiness passive diffusion patchiness passive expiration patchwork passive hemagglutination patchy passive immune protection patchy areas passive immunity patchy bronchopneumonia passive immunization patchy distribution passive infusion patchy infiltrates passive ion channels patchy loss of hair passive tension patella passive transport patellar ligament passive trend patellofemoral passively patelnica niebieskoplama passively immunized patients patency past patent pasteurellosis patent ductus arteriosus pasteurization patent period Pastia lines paternal past-pointing paternal allele pastureland paternal antigens PAT paternal behavior patch paternal chromosome patch clamp technique paternal family line patch clamping paternal genome loss patch of habitat paternal homologue patches paternal leakage 555 paternal set paternal set pathogenic mechanisms paternal sex ratio pathogenic microorganisms paternally inherited pathogenic organism paternity pathogenic process path pathogenic proliferation path for diffusion pathogenic role pathogen pathogenic terms pathogens pathogenicity pathogen attack pathogenicity determinants pathogen bacteria pathogenicity factors pathogen classes pathogenicity island pathogen control pathogenicity mechanism pathogen epidemiology pathogen-killing method pathogen identification pathogen-specific DNA pathogen interactions pathogen-specific DNA sequences pathogen reservoir pathogen-specific nucleotide sequences pathogen spectrum pathogen-specific recognition pathogen-associated molecular patterns pathognomonic pathogenesis pathohistological pathogenesis-related proteins pathologic pathogenetic pathologic changes pathogen-free experimental animals pathologic condition pathogenic pathologic manifestations pathogenic agent pathologic process pathogenic aspects pathological pathogenic bacteria pathological antigens pathogenic consequences pathological consequences pathogenic implications pathological materials 556 pathological mechanism pathological mechanism patrilineal descent pathological protein patrol pathological reactions patrollers pathologically pattern pathologically active pattern development in embryos pathologically altered pattern formation pathologies pattern formation genes pathologist pattern of behavior pathology pattern of blotches pathomechanism pattern of brain waves pathophysiology pattern of cleavage pathovar pattern of climatic variation pathway pattern of descent pathway component pattern of development pathway cross-talk pattern of diffracted X-rays pathway for synthesizing arginine pattern of diffraction pathway of catabolism pattern of dispersion pathway of information flow pattern of division pathways of gene expression pattern of expression patient pattern of folding patient category pattern of gastrulation patient data pattern of gene activity patient flora pattern of global temperature fluctuations patient material pattern of growth patient monitoring pattern of inheritance patient specimens pattern of proteins patient-specific pattern of relatedness patomechanizm pattern of survivorship 557 pattern recognition pattern recognition PCR pattern recognition receptors PCR amplification patterned PCR cycle patterning PCR machine patterning functions PCR mutagenesis pattern-recognition receptors PCR of punctate patterns of ancestry PCR optimization patterns of brain waves PCR primers patterns of dispersal PCR probe patterns of evolution PCR products patterns of functional organization PCR reaction patterns of gene expression PCR screening patterns of migration PCR technique patterns of sexual behavior PCR testing paucibacillary PCR-based methods paucibacillary Hansen disease PCR-based test paucity PCR-generated DNA Paul-Bunnell antigen PCV pause PDA Pavlovian conditioning PDA payoff PDGF payoff matrix PE PB PEA PBDG pea tendril PBL peafowl PBPs peahen PBR peak PCO2 558 peak expiratory flow rate peak expiratory flow rate pectins peak oxygen uptake pectoral peak shift pectoral fins peanut oil pectoral girdle pearly layer pectoral limbs peat pectoral nerve peat bog pectoral nodes peat moss pectoralis major muscle peat moss bog pectoralis minor muscle peat mosses pediatric disease peatland pediatric immunizations pebbled pediatric meningitis pebbles pediatric patients pecans pediatric vaccine peck pedicellariae pecking behavior pedicles pecks pediculicide pecten pediculosis pecten oculi pedigree pecten pubis pedigree analysis pectic pedigree information pectinase pedipalps pectinate line peduncle pectinate muscles peduncle pectineal ligament pedunculopontine nuclei pectineal line pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei pectineal line of the pubis peeling pectineus 559 PEEP PEEP pelvic inlet PEG pelvic kidney pegylated pelvic lymph nodes Peking man pelvic muscles pelagic pelvic nerves pelagic environment pelvic outlet pelagic zone pelvic pain peliosis hepatis pelvic part of the ureter pellet pelvic plexus pellets pelvic plexus of veins pellicle pelvic ring fracture pelt pelvic splanchnic nerves pelvic pelvic veins pelvic abscess pelvic viscera pelvic actinomycosis pelvic wall pelvic bones pelvicaliceal dilatation pelvic brim pelvicalyceal system pelvic cavity pelvioperitonitis pelvic crest pelvis pelvic diaphragm pelviureteral junction pelvic endometriosis pelycosaur pelvic fascia pemphigus pelvic fins pemphigus neonatorum pelvic floor pemphigus vulgaris pelvic fracture pendulous abdomen pelvic girdle penems pelvic inflammation penetrable pelvic inflammatory disease penetrate 560 penetrating penetrating pentameric penetrating injury pentameric form penetration pentameric IgM penicillin antibiotics pentameric molecule penicillin G pentamers penicillin G pentamidine penicillin V pentapeptides penicillinase pentaploids penicillinase of staphylococci pentaradial penicillinase-positive pentaradial symmetry penicillinase-positive gonococci pentastome eggs penicillinase-resistant pentastomiasis penicillinase-resistant penicillins pentastomid infection penicillinase-stable betalactam antibiotic pentastomids penicillin-binding proteins Pentastomida penicillin-like pentavalent penicilliosis penton penile penton base penile erection pentose penile inflammation pentose phosphate pathway penile ulcer pentose sugar penile urethra pentose-phosphate backbone peninsular populations penumbra penis people in Europe pentadactyl limb people overpopulation pentadactyly people with asthma pentaglycine PEP pentaglycine bridge PEP carboxylase 561 peplomer peplomer peptide mass mapping peplomeric peptide masses peppered moth peptide position pepsin peptide presentation pepsinogens peptide sequences peptic cells peptide subunit vaccines peptic esophagitis peptide tetramers peptic ulcer disease peptide unit peptic ulcer disease peptide variants peptic ulceration peptide-presenting molecules peptic ulcers peptides peptic ulcers peptidoglycan peptidase peptidoglycan fragments peptide anchoring locus peptidoglycan layer peptide antigen peptidyl site peptide bond peptidyl transferase peptide bond formation peptidyl tRNA peptide bond unit peptidylprolyl isomerases peptide chain peptone water peptide components peptones peptide crosslinkage per capita peptide fragment per capita birth rate peptide holders per capita death rate peptide hormones per capita growth rate peptide immunogen per capita rate of increase peptide ligands per kilogram of body mass peptide loop per ml of blood peptide mass fingerprint per nucleotide site 562 per os per os perforated peracetic acid perforating peramorphosis perforating cutaneous nerve perceive perforation percent perforation peritonitis percent O2 saturation of the hemoglobin perforation plate percentage perforin percentage of recombination perform percentages performance perception perfused perception of pain perfusion perceptions perfusion mixture perceptive-motor integration perfusion pressure perceptual perfusion-limited perch perianal perching birds perianal folds perchlorate perianal skin perchloric acid perianal skin percolate periapical abscess percussion periaqueductal gray percutaneous periareolar area percutaneous inoculation periarteriolar lymphoid sheath percutaneous route periarteritis percutaneously peribronchial perennial herbaceous plants pericapillary space perennials, perennial plants pericardiacophrenic perfect flower pericardiacophrenic vessels perforate pericardial branches 563 pericardial cavity pericardial cavity perinatal transmission pericardial cyst perinatally pericardial membrane perineal pericardial sac perineal artery pericardial tamponade perineal body pericardial veins perineal fascia pericardiocentesis perineal flexure of anal canal pericardioperitoneal canal perineal flexure of rectum pericarditis perineal membrane pericardium perineal muscles pericarp perineal surface pericentric perinephric fat pericentric inversions perinephritis pericentriolar material perineum pericranium perinuclear pericycle perinuclear cisterns pericytes perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolization periderm period of die-off periglomerular cells period of latency perihepatitis period of lymphadenopathy perihilar streaking period pain perilesional focal edema periodic perilymph periodic acid-Schiff perimenopausal periodic acid-Schiff stain perinatal periodic antigen re-exposure perinatal asphyxia periodic breathing perinatal depression periodic ectoparasites perinatal infection periodic table 564 periodical periodical peripheral microtubules periodically peripheral nerve lesions periodicity peripheral nerves periodontal disease peripheral nervous system periodontal ligament peripheral neuropathy periodontal pocket peripheral processes periodontal tissues peripheral production periodontitis peripheral protein periods of extensive glaciation peripheral proteins periods of geologic time peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis perioral numbness peripheral pulmonary stenosis periorbita peripheral pulses periorbital region peripheral regions periorbital skin peripheral regions of the body periosteal layer of the dura peripheral resistance periosteum peripheral rim peripartum transmission peripheral sympathetic innervation peripatric peripheral tissues peripatric speciation peripheral tolerance peripheral peripheral vascular disease peripheral arterial disease peripheral vascular responsiveness peripheral benzodiazepine receptor peripheral vasoconstriction peripheral blood peripheral vasodilatation peripheral blood lymphocytes peripheral veins peripheral C fiber endings peripheral venous plasma peripheral cyanosis peripheral vessels peripheral infection peripheral vision reflex peripheral membrane proteins peripherally 565 peripheral-type peripheral-type peritoneal space periphery peritoneal surfaces periplasmic peritoneum periplasmic cylinder peritoneum of the mesovarium periplasmic flagella peritoneum of the Pouch of Douglas periplasmic space peritonitis periplasmic transport proteins peritonsillar Peripoda peritrichous periportal fibrosis peritrichous bacteria perirenal peritrichous flagellation perirenal fat peritrichously perish peritubular Perissodactyla peritubular capillaries peristalsis peritubular network peristaltic periumbilical pain peristaltic contractions periumbilical region peristaltic rushes periurethral abscess peristaltic wave periurethral glands peristome perivascular peritoneal coelomic cavity perivascular infiltration peritoneal apron perivascular spaces peritoneal cavity perivenous peritoneal dialysis periventricular peritoneal folds periventricular lesions peritoneal infection periventricular nuclei peritoneal ligaments periventricular system peritoneal reflections periventricular thalamus peritoneal sac perivitelline space 566 permafrost permafrost permit some movement permanent pernicious anemia permanent cell line peroneal nerve permanent cortex peroneal retinacula permanent stain peroneal tubercle permanent teeth peroral infection permanent wilting peroral ingestion permanent wilting point peroral therapy permanently peroral uptake permanently stained preparation peroxidase permanently stained slide peroxidase method permanently stained smear peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex permeability peroxidase-labeled antibodies permeability mechanisms peroxide permeabilized peroxide anion permeable peroxisomes permease peroxyl scavenger permeate perpendicular plate of the palatine bone permethrin perpetually embryonic tissues Permian perpetuate Permian rocks perpetuation permissive persist permissive cells persistence permissive infection persistent permissiveness persistent ductus arteriosus permit persistent infection permit easy movement persistent vegetative state permit passage persisters 567 person person PET image personal cleanliness PET scanning personal contact PET scans personal hygiene petals personality changes petechiae personality traits petechial rash personnel in medical professions petechial skin lesions person-to-person contact petiole person-to-person spread petri dish person-to-person transmission petrified pertibular capillary bed petromastoid part perturb Petromyzontida perturbing petrosal pertussis petrosal nerves pertussis toxin petrotympanic fissure pes anserinus petrous part pest petrous temporal bone pest and predator control Peyer's patches pest control p-face pest control method PFC pest management Pfeiffer disease pest resistance PfEMP pesticide resistance PfEMP antigens pesticide use PFGE pesticides pg pestiviruses PGA PET PGD pet dander PGO spike system 568 PGO waves PGO waves phage's tail pH phage-specific replicase pH electrode phagocyte pH gradient phagocyte action pH indicator phagocyte activity pH range phagocyte digestion pH regulator phagocyte protection pH scale phagocyte resistance pH transition phagocytic pH unit phagocytic ability pH values phagocytic cell oxidative burst PHA phagocytic cells Phaeophyceae phagocytic cells of the immune system phage phagocytic defense phage clones phagocytic destruction phage coat proteins phagocytic killing phage components phagocytic migration phage genes phagocytic oxidative burst phage genome phagocytic responses phage head phagocytic survival phage infection phagocytic vacuole phage library phagocytic vesicles phage mixtures phagocytize phage particle phagocytized cells phage protein phagocytose phage protein coat phagocytosed phage vector phagocytosing cells phage virion phagocytosis 569 phagocytosis resistance phagocytosis resistance pharming phagocytozing pharyngeal phagolysosomal fusion pharyngeal arches phagolysosome pharyngeal artery phagolysosome fusion pharyngeal cavity phagosome pharyngeal clefts phagosome-lysosome fusion pharyngeal constrictors phagotype pharyngeal discomfort phagovar pharyngeal fascia phakic eye pharyngeal gill slits phalangeal cells pharyngeal grooves phalanges pharyngeal lavage phalanx pharyngeal material phalarope pharyngeal mucosa phallus pharyngeal muscles Phanerozoic time pharyngeal opening of the pharyngotympanic tube phantom limb pharyngeal plexus pharmaceutical interventions pharyngeal pouch pharmaceuticals pharyngeal raphe pharmacodynamic pharyngeal recess pharmacodynamics pharyngeal secretions pharmacogenetics pharyngeal slits pharmacokinetic pharyngeal smear pharmacological pharyngeal spasms pharmacological inducers pharyngeal tonsil pharmacologically pharyngeal tubercle pharmacons pharyngeal wall pharmacy 570 pharyngitis pharyngitis phenetic relationship pharyngobasilar fascia pheneticillin pharyngoconjunctival fever phenetics pharyngotympanic tube phenobarbital pharynx phenogram phase phenol extraction phase changes phenol red phase contrast phenol-chloroform phase contrast microscope phenol-chloroform mixture phase contrast microscopy phenol-extracted phase extraction phenolic phase I bacteria phenolics phase I organisms phenols phase of respiration phenotype phase variation phenotype frequency phase variations of H antigens phenotype mixing Phasianidae phenotypic phasic phenotypic attributes phasic bursting phenotypic changes phasic bursts phenotypic character phasic potentials phenotypic class phasic reflexes phenotypic cohesion Phasmatodea phenotypic complexity PHC phenotypic correlation pheasant family phenotypic data phelloderm phenotypic differences phenetic phenotypic divergence phenetic approach phenotypic diversity 571 phenotypic effects phenotypic effects phenotypically plastic phenotypic expression phenoxymethyl penicillin phenotypic expression of a gene phenylalanine phenotypic extremes phenylalanine hydroxylase phenotypic feature phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase phenotypic gaps phenylisothiocyanate phenotypic information phenylketonuria phenotypic integration phenyl-p-D-glucopyranoside phenotypic interference phenylpyruvic acid phenotypic mean phenylpyruvic oligophrenia phenotypic mixing phenylthiocarbamide phenotypic mutants phenylthiohydantoin phenotypic outcome pheophytin phenotypic perspective pheromone phenotypic plasticity pheromone phenotypic polymorphism pheromone communication phenotypic range pheromone signaling phenotypic ratio PHF phenotypic result Philanthus phenotypic state philopatric phenotypic trait philopatry phenotypic transformations philtrum phenotypic variance phimosis phenotypic variation phlebotomine larvae phenotypical phlebotomus fever phenotypically phlebotomus fever virus phenotypically divergent population phlebotomus sandfly phenotypically normal phlebotomy 572 phlebotomy site phlebotomy site phosphatidylinositol phleboviruses phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate phloem phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate phloem fiber cap phosphatidylinositol mannosides phloem sap phosphocholine phloem sap of plants phosphodiester phloem translocation phosphodiester bond phloem unloading phosphodiester linkage phocomelia phosphodiesterase phonemic deficit phosphoenolpyruvate phonocardiogram phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase phorbol esters phosphofructokinase phoronids, Phoronida phosphoglucomutase phosphatase phosphoglyceraldehyde phosphatase molecules phosphoglycerate phosphate phosphoglycerate kinase phosphate bonds phosphoinositide phosphate compound phospholipase phosphate esters phospholipase C phosphate functional group phospholipid bilayer phosphate group phospholipid film phosphate group phospholipid heads phosphate head phospholipid molecule phosphate ions phospholipid tails phosphate portion phospholipids phosphate-containing fertilizer phospholipids in membranes phosphatidylcholine phosphonoacetic acid phosphatidylethanolamine phosphonoformate 573 phosphonoformic acid phosphonoformic acid photochemical smog phosphophenolpyruvate photochromogenic phosphophosphorylase photochromogens phosphoproteins photoelectric phosphoproteome photoexcited phospho-proteomics photographic plate phosphoric acid photoheterotrophs phosphorus photoheterotrophy phosphorylase photolyase phosphorylase kinase photolysis phosphorylate photolysis of water phosphorylated photometric adsorption phosphorylation photomicrograph phosphorylation cascade photomorphogenesis phosphorylation reaction photon phosphorylation site photon of light energy phosphorylcholine photoperiod phosphorylcreatine photoperiodic phosphoserine photoperiodic response phosphotidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate photoperiodism phosphotransferases photophobia phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin photophosphorylation phosphotyrosine bond photopigment photic photoproduct photoautotrophic photoprotection photoautotrophic organisms photoprotective photoautotrophs photopsins photoautotrophy photoreactivating enzymes 574 photoreactivation photoreactivation photosynthetic output photoreception photosynthetic pigments photoreceptive photosynthetic product photoreceptor photosynthetic production of sugar photoreceptor cell axons photosynthetic productivity photoreceptor cell nuclei photosynthetic tissue photoreceptor cells photosynthetic yields photoreceptor organ photosystem photoreceptors phototactic photorespiration phototactic scores photoreversibility phototoxic photoreversible phototrophs photosensitive phototropic bending photosynthesis phototropic curvature photosynthesis proteins phototropic hormone photosynthesize phototropic response photosynthesizing shoot system phototropin photosynthetic phototropism photosynthetic adaptations phragmoplast photosynthetic bacteria phrenic photosynthetic cells phrenic nerve photosynthetic efficiency phrenicocolic ligament photosynthetic enzymes phrenoesophageal ligament photosynthetic equation Phrynosomatidae photosynthetic machinery pH-sensitive photosynthetic membranes Phthiiaptera photosynthetic organ phthiriosis photosynthetic organisms phycobilisomes 575 phycocyanin phycocyanin phylogenetic species concept phycoerythrin phylogenetic splitting phyla phylogenetic studies phyletic phylogenetic study phyletic gradualism phylogenetic systematics phyletic lines phylogenetic tree phyletic phenocopy phylogenetically Phyllostomidae phylogenetically basal phyllotaxy phylogenetically conservative PhyloCode phylogenetically local phylogenetic phylogenetically universal phylogenetic bracketing phylogenetics phylogenetic classification scheme phylogeny phylogenetic conservatism phylogeny of genes phylogenetic constraints phylogeographic structuring phylogenetic data phylogeographic studies phylogenetic diagram phylogeography phylogenetic evidence phylogram phylogenetic history phylum phylogenetic history of life Physarum polycephalum phylogenetic homology physical and chemical barrier phylogenetic inference physical appearance phylogenetic information physical deterioration phylogenetic intermediates physical differences phylogenetic patterns physical examination phylogenetic rates physical factors phylogenetic reconstruction physical form phylogenetic relationships physical inactivity 576 physical laws physical laws physiological condition physical means physiological cycles physical performance physiological hyperarousal physical principles physiological processes physical shearing physiological properties physical strength physiological responses physical stress physiological saline physical structure physiological status physical therapist physiological tolerances physical traits physiological variables physically physiological variation physically attached physiologically physician physiologically buffered physicochemical physiologically inactive physics physiologically ready physiologic physiology physiologic anemia of infancy physiotherapy physiologic jaundice phytic acid physiologic pain phytoalexins physiologic process phytochemicals physiologic shunt phytochrome physiologic tremor phytochrome conversion physiological actions phytochrome signal transduction physiological activity phytochrome-interacting factor 3 physiological adaptations phytogeography physiological cell status phytohemagglutinin physiological cellular synthetic functions phytopathogenic physiological changes phytopathologically significant 577 phytophagous phytophagous pigment deposition Phytophthora pigment migration Phytophthora infestans pigment molecules phytoplankton pigmentary changes phytoremediation pigmentation PI pigment-containing cells pI pigmented pia mater pigmented lesions pial network of vessels pigmented cells pial surface pigmented epithelium pick up pigmented layer picked pigment-forming cells pickleweed pigment-producing genes picogram pigs picomolar PIH picornavirus pikas picornavirus infections pike PID pili piece pili adhesins piecemeal pili antigens pierce pili protein piercing and sucking mouthparts pilin PIF3 pilin gene variability pig-bel pill bugs pig-ear cup pill form pigeon breeder's lung pill hypertension pigeon family piloerector muscles pigment 578 pilomotor muscles pilomotor muscles pinworm pilus pinworms pincers pioneer pinch back pioneering pinch off PIP2 pinching claws pipefish pinching off piperacillin pine forest piperacillin-tazobactam pine pitch cancer piperazine pine tree piperidine pineal pipestem fibrosis according to Symmers pineal gland pipette pineal parenchymal cells piriform aperture pineal sand piriform cortex pineal stroma piriform fossae pineapple family piriformis muscle pinecone pisiform pines pisiform bone pinhole camera eyes pisiform bone of the wrist pinkeye pisohamate ligament pinna pisometacarpal ligament pinnal pistil pinnately netted pistillate flowers pinocytosis Pisum sativum pinocytosis vesicles pit pins pit organs pins and needles pit vipers pinta pitch 579 pitcher pitcher place to reproduce pitcher plant placebo-controlled trial pith placed pith rays placement pitting edema placenta pitting in agar placental pituicytes placental abruption pituitary placental abruption on the maternal side pituitary cells placental barrier pituitary control placental circulation pituitary dwarfism placental glycoprotein pituitary gland placental infarct pituitary gonadotropic hormones placental insufficiency pituitary gonadotropins placental mammals pituitary hormones placental transfer cells pituitary hypothyroidism placental transfusion pituitary prolactin placoderm pituitary stalk placoderms pituitary-ovarian axis placoderm fishes pityriasis placoid scales pityriasis versicolor placozoans pivot joints Placozoa pivot synovial joints plain muscle pivotal plain muscle fibres PKC plain radiograph PKD-2 plain radiography PKU planar place planar bases 580 planarian flatworm planarian flatworm plant growth planarians plant growth regulator plane plant hormone plane joints plant lice plane of cell division plant life plane synovial joints plant litter planetary movements plant material plankton plant materials plankton-eating plant matter planktonic plant molecular biologist planktonic larval stage plant nutrition planktonic protists plant parts planktotrophic plant pathologist plant plant physiologist plant biologist plant processes plant biology plant product plant biotechnology plant productivity plant breeding plant protein plant cell membranes plant protein allergens plant cell walls plant residues plant cells plant roots plant communities plant sap plant cover plant seeds plant cultivation plant species plant detritus plant sperms plant ecology plant support system plant food plant tissues plant geneticist plant transcription factors 581 plant viruses plant viruses plaqueforming units Plantae plaque-purified phage plantar plasma plantar aponeurosis plasma cell plantar arterial arch plasma cholesterol plantar calcaneocuboid ligament plasma cholesterol-lowering action plantar calcaneonavicular ligament plasma coagulase plantar flexion również ‘plantar flexion’ plasma colloids plantar interossei plasma electrolytes plantar interosseous muscle plasma enzyme plantar ligament plasma gas plantar nerve plasma growth hormone concentration plantar warts plasma kallikrein plantarflex plasma membrane plantaris muscle plasma membrane budding plant-eating plasma membrane protein plant-eating plasma oncotic pressure planted plasma osmolality plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria plasma protein plantlets plasma renin activity plants plasma renin concentration plant's roots plasma sucrose level planula plasma volume planula larva plasmacytoid dendritic cells planum temporale plasmatic plaque plasmic fringe plaque hybridization plasmid plaque-forming cell plasmid band 582 plasmid DNA plasmid DNA plasmolysis plasmid DNA region plasmolyze plasmid genes plasticity of smooth muscle plasmid methods plastid plasmid minipreparation plastocyanin plasmid minipreparation techniques plastoquinone plasmid vectors plate plasmid-bearing bacteria plate endings plasmid-borne gene plate of ectoderm plasmid-coded plate out plasmid-encoded plate tectonic processes plasmid-mediated plate tectonic theory plasmid-positive plate tectonics plasmin plateau phase plasminogen activator protease gene plated out plasminogen system platelet adherence plasmocytoma platelet adhesion plasmodesma platelet ADP receptor plasmodesmata platelet aggregation plasmodia platelet alloantibodies plasmodial platelet disorder plasmodial cycle platelet emboli plasmodial slime molds platelet plug plasmodial species platelet-activating factor Plasmodium platelet-derived growth factor plasmodium platelets Plasmodium vivax platelike plasmogamy plates of cellulose 583 plating plating plethodontids plating step Plethodontidae Platyhelminthes plethodontid salamanders platypus plethora platyrrhine primates plethysmography Platyrrhini pleura platysma muscle pleural Plaut-Vincent angina pleural cavity PLC pleural cupola pleated pleural effusion pleconaril pleural empyema pleiotropic pleural fluid pleiotropic alleles pleural membrane pleiotropic disadvantage pleural membranes pleiotropy pleural pus Pleistocene pleural recesses Pleistocene epoch pleural reflections plentifully supplied with blood vessels pleural sacs pleocytosis pleural space pleomorphic pleurisy pleomorphic mitochondria pleuritic chest pain pleomorphism pleuritis pleomorphy pleurodires plerocercoid pleurodiran turtles plesiomorphic Pleurodira plesiomorphic condition pleurodynia plesiomorphies pleuroperitoneal cavity plesiosaurs pleuroperitoneal membrane 584 pleuropulmonary pleuropulmonary plump pleuropulmonary infection plumule Pleurotus ostreatus plural space plexi pluripotent plexus pluripotent stem cell plexus of Frankenhauser pluripotential plexus of veins plus pliability plus end pliable plus polarity pliant plus strand plica semilunaris plus-strand RNA strand plicae circulares plus-strand viruses plications PML Pliocene PMN Pliocene epoch PMN ploidy PMS plot pneumatophores plot of vegetation pneumaturia plotted pneumococcal plowing pneumococcal disease plug pneumococcal infection plugs pneumococcal pneumonia plugged with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine plugging pneumococci plumage pneumococcus bacteria plume pneumococcus virulence plumes Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia plummet pneumocystosis 585 pneumolysin pneumolysin Poeciliidae pneumolysin O poikilothermic pneumomediastinum poikilotherms pneumonia bacterium point pneumonia VZV point mutations pneumonic point of attachment pneumonic symptoms point of attack pneumonic tularemia point of entry pneumonitis point of entry into pneumotaxic afferents point of origin pneumotaxic center point substitutions pneumothorax pointed pneumovirus poison PNMT poison claws PNP poison glands PNP deficiency poisoning PNS poisonous PO2 poisonous chemical Poaceae poisonous nature of oxygen pocket poisons pocks pokeweed mitogen pod Pol II CTD podium pol protein podlike pol region podocyte processes polar podocytes polar axis podophyllin polar bodies poeciliids polar bonds 586 polar compounds polar compounds poliovirus polar covalent bond poliovirus proteases polar end pollen polar flagella pollen allergen polar groups pollen cones polar ice cap pollen grains polar land areas pollen sacs polar microtubules pollen transfer polar nuclei pollen tube polar plugs pollen wall polar regions pollen-donors polar seas pollen-mediated gene flow polar stratospheric clouds pollen-producing organs polar transport pollen-specific IgE polar tube pollinate polar tubule pollinating insects polar tubule windings pollination polarity pollinator polarized pollinator isolation polarized state pollutants polaroplast poly phenylalanine chain pole poly A polymerase pole ring complex poly A signal sequence poleward poly A site policeman of the abdomen poly A tail polio poly A tail on pre-mRNA polio virus poly dC tail poliomyelitis poly-A tail 587 polyacrylamide polyacrylamide polycistronic polyacrylamide gel polyclonal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis polyclonal activation properties polyadenylate sequence polyclonal antibody mixture polyadenylated polyclonal B-cell lymphoma polyadenylation polyclonal gammopathy polyadenylation process polyclonals polyadenylation signal polycrystalline polyadenylation signal sequence polycyclic polyadenylation site polycystic development polyadenylic acid polycystic kidney disease polyamines polycystin-2 polyampholytes polycythemia polyandrous polycythemic polyandrous trio polycytidylic acid polyandry poly-D-glutamic acid polyanion polydipsia polyanion polymers polydnavirus particles polyarteritis nodosum polydnaviruses polyarthralgia polyenes polyarthritis polyethylene polyatomic ion polyethylene glycol polycation polygalacturonic acid polychaetes polygamous Polychaeta polygamy polychaete worms polygenic polychlorinated biphenyls polygenic characters polychromatic stain polygenic control 588 polygenic inheritance polygenic inheritance polymerase chain reaction polygenic modifier loci polymerase complexes polygenic traits polymerase function polygenic variation polymerase promoter sites polygenically polymeric polygeny polymeric carbohydrate polyglutamine expansion polymerization polygonal polymerization reaction polygynandry polymerize polygynous polymerized polygynous colony polymicrobial polygynous mating system polymicrobial gangrene polygynous trio polymicrobic infections polygyny polymorphic polyhedral polymorphic enzyme loci polyhedral head polymorphic site polyhedrin polymorphic sites polyhedron polymorphic state polyhydramnion polymorphism polyhydramnios polymorphism for translocations poly-Ig receptor polymorphisms polyinfections polymorphisms in the self-incompatibility alleles polylymphadenopathy polymorphonuclear leukocytes polylysine polylysine tagged proteins polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes polymer polymorphonuclear neutrophils polymer of nucleotides polymorphs polymerase binding polymyositis 589 polymyxin B polymyxin B polypeptide synthesis polymyxins polypeptide unit polyneuraminic acid polypeptides polyneuritis polyphagia polyneuronal polyphenism polynucleotide polyphenylalanine polynucleotide chain polyphosphates polynucleotide kinase polyphyletic polynucleotide phosphorylase polyphyletic approach polynucleotide strand polyphyletic group polynucleotides polyphyletic taxa polyol phosphates polyphyletically polyoma polyphyly polyomavirus polyplacophorans polyp Polyplacophora polyp shape polyploid polyp stage polyploid condition polypeptide polyploid speciation polypeptide amino acid sequence polyploidy polypeptide backbone polyploidy event polypeptide chain polyproline polypeptide factors polyprotein polypeptide hormones polypyrimidine tract polypeptide local regulators polyribitol phosphate polypeptide monomer pilin polyribosome polypeptide product polyribosylribitol phosphate polypeptide sequence polysaccharide polypeptide subunit polysaccharide capsule 590 polysaccharides polysaccharides pond-dwelling Polysiphonia pons polysome Pontiac fever polyspermy pontine polysplenia pontine area polysplenia syndrome pontine arteries polysynaptic pontine nuclei polysynaptic reflex arc pontine tegmentum polysynaptic reflex paths pontocerebellar polytene pontocerebellum polytomy ponto-geniculo-occipital waves polytrauma pool polytypic pooled clotting factors polyubiquitin pooled IgG polyubiquitination pooled immunoglobulin polyunsaturated pooled plasma polyuria pooled samples polyuridylic acid poor polyvalent poor agricultural practices polyvidone poor appetite polyvinyl alcohol poor balance polyvinyl pyrrolidone poor blood perfusion POMC poor cardiac output pond poor feeding pond lilies poor growth pond scum poor health pond skaters poor hip development pond turtle poor hygiene 591 poor hygienic conditions poor hygienic conditions popliteal vein poor left ventricular function popliteus muscle poor memory popliteus tendon poor muscle coordination popping sensation poor muscle development populace poor nutrition popular poor nutritional status populate poor perfusion population poor prognosis population allele frequencies poor sanitation population allele frequency data poor soil population bottleneck poor soil management practices population cage poor weight gain population conservation poor wound healing population control poorly adapted population count poorly controlled population crash poorly developed population cycle poorly responsive population data poorly soluble population density Popeye sign population differentiation popliteal population dispersion popliteal artery population dynamics popliteal artery aneurysm population ecologist popliteal artery pulse population ecology popliteal cyst population expansion popliteal fossa population expert popliteal nodes population fluctuations popliteal pulse population forecasts 592 population fragmentation population fragmentation population-specific haplotypes population genetic events Por proteins population genetic methods pore population genetic studies pore complex population geneticist pore space population genetics pore spaces population genetics data pore-forming factors population groups pore-forming peptides population growth pore-forming protein population growth momentum pores population growth rate poriferans population movements Porifera population projections porin proteins population regulation porins population sex ratio pork tapeworm population size porocytes population structure porous population studies porphyria population subdivision porphyrin ring population that is at genetic equilibrium porta hepatis population viability analysis portacaval anastomoses populational portacaval shunt populational change portal blood vessels population-genetic principles portal changes population-level factors portal circulation population-regulating factor portal cirrhosis population's gene pool portal fibrosis population's overall fitness portal flow 593 portal hypertension portal hypertension positive portal hypophysial blood positive assortative mating portal hypophysial vessels positive charge portal inflow positive control portal of entry positive control of genes portal pathways positive Darwinian selection portal pressure positive deflection portal reaction positive end-expiratory pressure portal system positive expiratory pressure portal vein positive feedback portal venous blood flow positive feedback portal venous pressure positive feedback cycle portal venous system positive feedback loop portal venule positive feedback mechanism portal vessels positive feedback sequences portals positive feedback system portion positive frequency-dependent selection portioned out positive gene regulation portobello mushroom positive in charge portosystemic anastomosis positive ions portosystemic shunt positive oxidase reaction Portuguese man-of-war positive phototropism position positive pole of the electric field position effects positive pressure breathing position of the centromere positive pressure ventilation lung damage positional cloning positive reactions positional information positive regulatory factor gene positioned positive reinforcement 594 positive score positive score positive-strand RNA strand positive selection positive-strand RNA viral genome positive sense positivity positive sense single-stranded viral genomes positron emission tomography positive single-stranded genome positron emission tomography scans positive supercoiling positron-emission tomography (PET) scans positive taxis possess positive test possession positive tube coagulase test post infection positive-feed back loop post partum positive-feedback cycle postanal positive-feedback loop postantibiotic effect positive-feedback mechanism postauricular lymph nodes positively postaxial positively charged postaxial toes positively charged ions postcapillary positively charged mineral ions postcapillary constriction positively gravitropic postcapillary venules positively inotropic postcentral gyrus positively inotropic effect post-coital bleeding positively inotropic effect of catecholamines post-copulatory positively phototropic post-copulatory mate choice positively selected postcranial positive-pressure ventilation postembryonic positive-sense RNA viruses postembryonic growth positive-strand RNA posterior positive-strand RNA genome posterior abdominal region positive-strand RNA genome posterior aortic sinus 595 posterior auricular artery posterior auricular artery posterior cricoarytenoid muscle posterior auricular branch posterior cutaneous nerve of arm posterior auricular muscle posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh posterior auricular nerve posterior descending artery posterior auricular nodes posterior dislocation of the clavicle posterior auricular vein posterior division posterior belly of digastric posterior ends posterior border posterior esophageal mesentery posterior brachial cutaneous nerve posterior ethmoidal artery posterior calcaneal articular facet posterior ethmoidal foramen posterior calcaneal surface posterior ethmoidal nerve posterior cardiac vein posterior fascicle posterior cavity posterior femoral cutaneous nerve posterior cecal artery posterior fontanelle posterior cerebral artery posterior fossa posterior chamber posterior gluteal line posterior ciliary arteries posterior half of the cell posterior circumflex humeral artery posterior hypothalamic nucleus posterior clinoid processes posterior inferior cerebellar arteries posterior columns posterior inferior cerebellar artery posterior commissure posterior inferior nasal nerves posterior commissure posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery posterior commissure of the labia minora posterior intercostal arteries posterior communicating artery posterior internodal tract of Thorel posterior compartment of thigh posterior interventricular artery posterior cord of the brachial plexus posterior interventricular branch posterior coronary ligament posterior interventricular groove posterior cranial fossa 596 posterior interventricular vein posterior interventricular vein posterior scleral foramen posterior iris epithelium posterior spinal arteries posterior lacrimal crest posterior spinal artery posterior layer of the renal fascia posterior superior alveolar artery posterior leaf of the broad ligament posterior superior iliac spine posterior lens capsule posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery posterior lobe of the pituitary gland posterior talar articular surface posterior longitudinal ligament posterior talofibular ligament posterior median sulcus posterior thigh posterior mediastinal nodes posterior tibial artery posterior mediastinum posterior tibial pulse posterior meningeal artery posterior triangle posterior mesentery posterior tubercle of vertebra CI posterior molars posterior vagal trunk posterior nasal apertures posterior view posterior nasal spine posterior wall posterior neck posterior-anterior view posterior papillary muscle posteriorly posterior parietal area posteroanteriorly posterior parietal cortex posterobasal posterior pituitary posteroinferior posterior process posterolateral posterior process of the dentary posterolateral fissure posterior region posterolateral gluteal skin posterior sacro-iliac ligament posterolateral sulcus posterior scalene muscle posterolateral view posterior scalp posterolaterally posterior scapular region 597 posteromedial posteromedial posthepatic jaundice posteromedial view postherpetic neuralgia posteromedially postictal state posterotemporal segment of the globe postileal postexposure postinfection postexposure procedure postinfection cytolysis postexposure prophylactic measure postinfectious postexposure prophylactic procedure postinfluenza pneumonia postexposure prophylaxis postinspiratory postexposure protective vaccination post-knee replacement postexposure treatment post-Lyme disease syndrome postexposure vaccination postmating barrier postextrasystolic potentiation post-mating prezygotic barrier postganglionic postmeiotic postganglionic fibers postmenopausal postganglionic motor neurons postmenopausal bleeding postganglionic motor neurons postmortem postganglionic neuronal cell bodies postmortem examination postganglionic neurons postnatal postganglionic parasympathetic fibers postnatal care postganglionic parasympathetic neurons postnatal development postganglionic sympathetic endings postnatal growth postganglionic sympathetic fibers postnatal period postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies postoperative postoperative pyrexia post-genomic postoperative wound infections postglacial postorbital post-glacial expansions postovulatory 598 postovulatory phase postovulatory phase postsynaptic inhibition postparietal postsynaptic membrane postpartum postsynaptic neuron postpartum disease postsynaptic neuron postpartum period postsynaptic potential postpolio syndrome postsynaptically postprandial posttarsal plexus postprandial alkaline tide postterm infant postprandial spitting posttetanic potentiation postprimary tuberculosis posttranscription postpubertal posttranscriptional postpuberty posttranscriptional control postpubescent women posttranscriptional controls post-pupa stage posttranscriptional mechanisms postremal chamber posttranscriptional modification postreplication repair posttranscriptional processing postreproductive posttranscriptional regulation postreproductive survival posttranscriptional stabilization postrotatory nystagmus posttranscriptionally post-start posttransfusion poststenotic posttranslation poststreptococcal posttranslational poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis posttranslational chemical modifications postsurgical infection posttranslational control postsynaptic posttranslational membrane insertion of proteins postsynaptic cell posttranslational modification postsynaptic cell membrane posttranslational modification of proteins postsynaptic density 599 posttranslational modifications posttranslational modifications potato family posttranslational processing potato root nematode posttranslational protein modification potato spindle tuber viroid posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease potato tuber posttraumatic potbelly posttraumatic stress disorder potency postural potent postural adjustments potential across the membrane postural control potential change postural hypotension potential difference postural muscles potential energy postural relations potential energy difference postural syncope potential evapotranspiration posture potential fluctuations posture-regulating system potentially fatal postzygotic potentiate postzygotic barrier potentiation postzygotic incompatibility potently immunogenic postzygotic isolation potted potassium Potter's facies potassium acetate pouch potassium channel Pouch of Ben potassium hydroxide pouch of Douglas potassium iodide pouch of skin potassium ions pouched potassium permanganate pouches of the valves potato beetle poultice potato cyst nematode pour plate technique 600 povidone povidone prance povidone iodine prandial drinking powdery mildews praziquantel power PRC powered by preadaptation power of accommodation preadipocyte power of natural selection pre-adult power output prealbumin power stroke preamplification powered flight pre-aortic powerful pre-aortic lymph nodes powerful oxidant pre-aortic nodes powerful vasoconstrictor preauricular powerfully preauricular nodes pox lesions preauricular pits poxvirus preauricular tags PPD preaxial PPS preaxial toes PPV pre-B cell PPV prebiological world Pq prebiotic PR interval prebiotic soup hypothesis PR proteins prebiotic world PRA precambrian practicing physician precambrian rocks Prader-Willi syndrome precambrian time prairie potholes precancer prairie wetlands precancerous state 601 precapillary precapillary precordial leads precapillary constriction precordial thrill precapillary sphincters precordium precautions precore pre-cell system precorneal tear film pre-cells preculturing precellular form of life precursor precentral gyrus precursor B and T cells prechiasmatic sulcus precursor cells precipitate precursor molecules precipitation precursor mRNA precipitation amounts precursor nucleotides precipitation lines precursor peptide precipitation of the DNA precursor proteins precipitation patterns precursor stage precipitation technique precursor transcript precipitin bands precursors of life precipitin line precyst precipitin ring predaceous precipitous predation precipitously predation intensity precocial predation pressure precocious predation risk precocious pseudopuberty predator precocious puberty predator-prey interactions precondition predator-prey relationships precordial activity predatory precordial bulge predatory behavior 602 predetermined predetermined prefrontal association area prediabetic prefrontal cortex predictive value preganglionic predigested preganglionic autonomic endings predisposed preganglionic fibers predisposing preganglionic nerve fibers predisposing factors preganglionic neurons predisposing host factors preganglionic parasympathetic fibers predisposition preganglionic parasympathetic motor fibers prednisolone preganglionic parasympathetic neurons prednisone preganglionic sympathetic fibers predominant pregnancy predominant self-fertilization pregnancy prevention method preejection period pregnancy rate preen pregnancy-induced hypertension pre-evolutionary pregnant pre-existing pregnenolone pre-existing disease pre-granulosa cells pre-exposure prophylaxis prehensile pre-exposure protection prehepatic jaundice prefabricated unit prehistoric preference prehypertensive preference allele preicteric period preferential pre-ileal preformation preimplantation genetic diagnosis preformed preindustrial preformed albumin prekallikrein prefrontal prelaminar segment 603 preleukemic preleukemic premotor area preliminary premotor cortex preliminary identification pre-mRNA preload pre-mRNA methylation preloading pre-mRNA splicing premalignant pre-mRNA transcript premamillary nucleus prenatal premating barrier prenatal chromosome studies premating isolation prenatal development premature prenatal diagnosis premature aging prenatal life premature atrial contractions prenatal toxoplasmosis premature babies prenylated premature birth preoptic area premature infants preovulatory phase premature neonates preovulatory values prematurely preparation prematurity preparation reaction premaxilla preparatively premenopausal prepare premenstrual syndrome prepare protein extracts pre-messenger RNA prepared premigratory prepatellar bursa premigratory neural crest cells prepatency pre-miRNA prepatent period premolar preperitoneal premolar teeth preponderance premotor prepotent reflex 604 prepotential prepotential prescription practice preprodynorphin presence preproenkephalin presenillin preprogastrin presensitized individuals preproglucagon present preprogrammed presentation preprohormone presentation groove preproinsulin presentation molecules preprophase band presentation pathway preprorenin present-day preprosomatostatin presented prepubertal presented alone prepubertal sexual maturation presenting position prepuce presenting symptom prepuce of clitoris preseptal portion prepyramidal sulcus preservation prereplication complex preservative transport medium prereproductive preserve prereproductive dispersal preserved pre-rRNA press preparations pre-rRNA molecule pressor pre-rRNA promoters pressor effect pre-rRNA transcription units pressor potentiation presacral nerve pressor responses presbycusis pressure presbyopia pressure atrophy prescribed doses pressure difference prescription drugs/medications pressure filtering 605 pressure flow pressure flow presynaptically pressure gradient pretarsal plexus pressure of natural selection pretectal area pressure overload preterm pressure potential preterm birth pressure receptors preterm labor pressure waves prethymic pressure-flow pretibial myxedema pressure-flow hypothesis pretracheal fascia pressure-flow model pretracheal layer pressures exerted by the environment pretracheal space pressure-volume loop pre-tRNA transcripts pressurized pre-tRNAs pre-start prevaccinated population prestin prevail presumptive diagnosis prevailing presumptive identification prevailing westerlies presumptive stomach prevailing winds presymptomatic period prevalence presynaptic prevalence levels presynaptic cell prevalence rates presynaptic endings prevalent presynaptic facilitation prevent presynaptic inhibition prevention presynaptic membrane preventive presynaptic neuron preventive and control measures presynaptic receptors preventive and therapeutic measures presynaptic terminal preventive measures 606 prevertebral fascia prevertebral fascia primary afferent fibers prevertebral ganglion primary afferent neurons prevertebral layer primary amebic meningoencephalitis prevertebral muscles primary amenorrhea prevertebral plexus primary amino group previously existing primary antibodies prey primary antibody prey animals primary artery prey individuals primary atypical pneumonia prey items primary auditory area prey remains primary brain hemorrhage prey selection primary brain injury prey species primary brain tumor prezygotic primary brainstem lesion prezygotic barrier primary cell cultures prezygotic isolating barriers primary cell wall prezygotic isolation primary chancre priapulans primary cilia Priapula primary cilium Pribnow box primary cleavage events pricking sensation primary clinical picture prickle cell layer primary clinical symptoms prickle cells primary complex prickly primary consumers prickly saltwort primary culturing primaquine primary curvatures primarily aquatic primary defenses primary primary diagnostics 607 primary disease primary disease primary lysosomes primary dye primary meristems primary effusion lymphoma primary miRNAs primary electron acceptor primary motor cortex primary endings primary mycelium primary endosymbiosis primary mycoses primary evoked potential primary oocyte primary feathers primary phloem primary fissure primary plant body primary focus primary plexus primary follicles primary preparation primary food primary producers primary forest primary productivity primary granules primary protective responses primary growth primary pulmonary mycosis primary hepatic carcinoma primary receptor primary hepatocellular carcinoma primary renal artery primary illness primary response primary immune defenses primary RNA transcript primary immune response primary roots primary infecting virus primary route primary infection primary sensory areas primary infection focus primary sepsis primary infection site primary sex characteristics primary inhalational primary sex ratio primary inhalational anthrax primary somatic sensory cortex primary isolation primary somatosensory cortex primary lymphoid organs primary source of infection 608 primary spermatocyte primary spermatocyte prime primary stain prime candidate primary structure prime symbol primary succession prime target primary symptoms primed primary syphilis primer primary teeth primer annealing primary tissue schizont primer binding sites primary tissues primer design primary tooth eruption primer directions primary transcript primer end primary translation product primer extension primary treatment primer extension product primary tuberculosis primer extension reaction primary tumor primer oligonucleotide primary urethral groove primer pair primary urinary tract tumor primer removal primary viral challenge primer sequence primary visual area primer sites primary visual cortex primer synthesis primary vitreous primer-binding sequences primary walls primer-binding site primary windings primer-binding sites primary xylem primeval primase primeval forest primate primeval sea primate evolution priming primates priming DNA synthesis 609 priming sites priming sites principle of independent assortment primiRNAs principle of parsimony primitive principle of segregation primitive germ cells prion primitive germinal epithelium prion diseases primitive groove prion infections primitive gut tube prion protein primitive hind gut prion protein genes primitive knot prion proteins primitive node PRL primitive streak proarrhythmic primordia probability distribution primordium primordia of the scrotum probability of identity primordial probe primordial follicles probe amplification primordial genital ducts probe molecule primordium probing experiment primosome problematic primrose problematic bacteria princeps pollicis artery problematic patients principal proboscideans, Proboscidea principal blood vessels proboscis principal cells proboscis worms principal electron transfer compound procaine principal energy level procapsid principal female sex hormone procedural guidelines principal male sex hormone procedural memory principal plane procedure 610 proceed proceed prodrome phase procercoid prodrug procerus muscle produce process producer process of homeostasis product process of pattern formation product molecules processed product rule processed pseudogenes production processing production locus processing center productive processing events productive cough processing information products of metabolism processing of the RNA products of protein metabolism processing reaction prodynorphin processing site proembryo processive polymerase complex proenkephalin processive RNA polymerase complex proenzymes processivity proerythroblasts processus vaginalis professional phagocytes procoagulant profile proctitis profit proctoscopic examination profitable procure profound sweating prodromal fatigue profunda brachii artery prodromal period profunda femoris artery prodromal stage profundal zone prodromal symptoms profuse prodrome profuse sweating 611 progenesis progenesis progressive progenetic progressive course progenitor progressive divergence progenitor cells progressive motility progenitor hormone progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy progenitor variable-region receptor gene progressive multifocal PML progeny progressively progeny cells proguanil progeny number progymnosperms progeny phage prohormone progeny phage particles proinflammatory cytokines progeny viral RNA proinsulin progeria project progestational project into progesterone project toward progesterone therapy projectile progestins projecting proglottid breakage projecting face proglottids projection prognosis projections prognostic sign projector lens programmed cell death prokaryote programmed death of neurons prokaryotelike programmed to prokaryotes programming of complex movements prokaryotic programs of gene expression prokaryotic cells progress prokaryotic gene expression progression prokaryotic organisms 612 prokaryotic-eukaryotic split prokaryotic-eukaryotic split promastigotes prolactin prometaphase prolactin-inhibiting hormone prominence prolapse prominence of facial canal prolapsed intervertebral disc prominence of lateral semicircular canal proliferate prominence of the cheek proliferating cell nuclear antigen prominent proliferation prominent face proliferation form prominent tongue proliferation temperature promiscuity proliferative promiscuous proliferative capacity promiscuous mating proliferative endometrium promiscuous mating system proliferative episode promiscuously proliferative phase promiscuously mating prolific reproduction rates promised drug prolifically promising proline promontory proline domain promontory of the sacrum proline-rich activation domain promote proline-rich domain promote health prolongation promoter prolongation of the life span promoter binding prolonged promoter clearance prolonged exposure to the sun promoter element prolonged starvation promoter gene sequence promastigote promoter insertion hypothesis promastigote stage promoter of TH1 cell function 613 promoter recognition promoter recognition proofreading exonuclease promoter region proofreading mechanism promoter sequence proopiomelanocortin promoter site prop root promoter specificity propagate promoter strength propagated promoter system propagation promoter-binding site propagules promoter-reporter construct propanol promoters for those genes propel promotion propeller twist pronate propeller-like pronation proper pronator quadratus muscle proper hepatic artery pronator teres muscle proper ovarian ligament prone position properdin factors prone to properdin pathway pronounced properitoneal pronounced affinity properties of life pronounced cultural differences prophage pronuclei prophage genes pronucleus prophage genome component proof reading prophage-determined cytotoxins proofread prophase proofreading prophylactic proofreading ability prophylactic antibiosis proofreading activity prophylactic approach proofreading enzymes prophylactic immunization 614 prophylactic inspection prophylactic inspection prostatic fascia prophylactic measures prostatic hypertrophy prophylactic medication prostatic part of the urethra prophylactic practices prostatic plexus prophylactic regimen prostatic plexus of veins prophylactic serological monitoring prostatic sinus prophylactically prostatic tissues prophylaxis prostatic utricle propicillin prostatitis propionibacteria prostatomembranous junction propionic acid prosthesis proplastids prosthetic proportion of polymorphic loci prosthetic device proprioception prosthetic groups proprioceptive prosthetic joint infections proprioceptive fibers prosthetic-associated infections proprioceptors protagonist muscle proptosis protamine Prosimii protandry prostacyclin protease prostaglandins protease complex prostate protease inhibitors prostate gland protease machine prostate secretion proteases of different specificities prostate-specific antigen proteasome degradation prostate-specific antigen blood test proteasomes prostatic biopsy protect prostatic enlargement protected area 615 protective protective protein chip protective antibody responses protein coat protective coat protein coding regions protective embryonic membrane protein complex protective IgG protein components protective immunity protein conformation protective immunization protein conformational diseases protective immunological memory protein contamination protective jacket protein core protective layer protein cross-links protective lining protein crystallization protective measure protein cylinders protective ozone layer protein defects protective response protein degradation protective shell protein degradation pathway protective tissue protein digestive secretions protective wall protein disulfide isomerases protein protein domain protein activity protein enzymes protein antigens protein expression patterns protein arrays protein extraction protein binding protein factor protein blot protein families protein blotting protein fibers protein C protein filaments protein catabolism protein folding protein chain protein fragments protein channel protein function 616 protein growth factor protein growth factor protein preparation protein hormones protein primer protein integration factors protein processing protein interaction network protein production protein interactions protein products protein isoforms protein pumps protein kinase protein purification protein kinase A protein receptors protein kinase C protein S protein kinase cascade protein scaffold protein kinase complexes protein secretion protein ligands protein separation protein malnutrition protein sequence protein matrix protein sequencing protein matrix of bone protein shell protein meals protein sparing protein metabolism protein sparing effect protein metabolism enzymes protein spikes protein metabolism products protein stability protein molecule protein structure protein molecules protein subunit protein octamer protein synthesis protein Opa protein synthesis machinery protein patterns protein synthesizing apparatus protein phosphatase protein targeting protein phosphorylation protein tertiary structure protein poverty protein traffic protein precursors protein trafficking 617 protein translation protein translation proteins specific to HIV-1 protein water channels proteins that make up the complement system protein with insecticidal properties protein-splitting enzyme protein zero protein-structural genes proteinaceous protein-synthesizing apparatus proteinaceous infectious particle protein-synthesizing machinery protein-anabolic proteinuria protein-binding site proteinuric manifestations protein-coding exons proteobacteria protein-coding genes proteoglycan protein-coding instructions proteolysis protein-coding portion of the gene proteolytic protein-coding region proteolytic cascades protein-degrading enzymes proteolytic cleavage protein-digesting enzyme proteolytic destruction protein-encoding genes proteolytic enzymes protein-encoding sections of the gene proteolytic processing protein-encoding sequences proteolytically protein-folding process proteolyzed protein-lipid complex proteome protein-lipid interactions proteome analysis protein-losing enteropathies proteomic protein-membrane scaffold proteomic approach protein-protein associations proteomics protein-protein interactions Proterozoic protein-RNA complex Proterozoic eon proteins of the vegetal cortex prothalli proteins secreted from cells 618 prothallus prothallus proton pump inhibitor Protheria proton pumps prothoracic glands protonation prothoracicotropic hormone protonema prothorax protonemata prothrombin protonephridia protist protonephridial network protistan proton-motive force protistan species protonymph protists protooncogene protobiont protoplasm protocell protoplasmic protocetid protoplasmic astrocytes protocol protoplasmic bridges protocontinent protoplasmic core protodiastole protoplasmic face proto-eukaryotes protoplast protogyny protoplast fusion proton protoscoleces proton abstractors protoscolices proton acceptors protostome proton ATPases protostomes proton channel prototype proton concentration gradient prototypic proton donor prototypical proton gradient protoxin proton pore protozoa proton pump blocker protozoal infection 619 protozoan infections protozoan infections proximal convoluted tubule protozoan parasites proximal efferent small bowel protozoan pathogen proximal end protozoan zoonoses proximal tubular fluid protozoans proximal tubule protozoon proximally protracted proximate protraction proximate causation protrude proximate causes protruding eyes prozone phenomenon protruding premaxilla PrP protrusion PRP protuberance PrPC proventriculus PrPsc prion provide prune provide mechanical support prune belly syndrome provide physical support pruritic provide protection pruritus provide structural support prussic acid provide support PSA province PSA blood test provinciality psalterium proviral PSE superantigens proviral DNA pseudoallergy provirus pseudoappendicitis provitamin pseudoarrheno provoke pseudo-autosomal regions proximal pseudocholinesterase 620 pseudocoelom pseudocoelom pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium pseudocoelom pseudostratified epithelium pseudocoelomates pseudotubercles pseudocopulation pseudotumor cerebri pseudo-Crohn disease pseudouridine pseudocyst psilocybin pseudodidelphys Psilotopsida pseudogene P-site pseudogenome psittacine bird pseudoglandular psittacosis pseudoglycans psoas major muscle pseudohermaphrodite psoas minor muscle pseudohypha psoas muscle sheath pseudohyphae psoriasis pseudohypoaldosteronism psr chromosome pseudohypoparathyroidism PSVT pseudoknot motif psychiatric pseudomembrane psychic stimuli pseudomembranous colitis psychoactive pseudomonads, Pseudomonas psychoactive mushrooms pseudomureins psychological pseudomycelium psychological dependence pseudooutbreak psychological stress pseudopodia psychological stressors pseudopodium psychoses pseudoscabies psychosocial pseudoscientific psychotherapy pseudostratified 621 psychotic psychotic pterygopalatine ganglion psychrophilic PTH PTC PTH pteraspidomorphs PTMs Pteraspidomorphi ptosis pterion PTSD pterion fracture PTTH pterodactyl Ptx Pterophyta pubarche pterophytes pubertal growth pterosaur pubertal maturation Pterothrissidae puberty pterygoid pubic arch pterygoid artery pubic area pterygoid canal pubic bone pterygoid fossa pubic crest pterygoid fovea pubic hair pterygoid hamulus pubic louse pterygoid muscles pubic rami pterygoid nerve pubic region pterygoid plexus pubic symphysis pterygoid plexus of veins pubic tubercle pterygoid process pubis pterygoid venous plexus public health pterygomandibular raphe public health agency pterygomaxillary fissure public health department pterygopalatine public health officials pterygopalatine fossa public health reference laboratory 622 public health service public health service pull of gravity pubocervical pull of the Recent pubocervical ligament pull on pubococcygeus pull-down assay pubococcygeus muscle pulled apart pubofemoral ligament pulled elbow puboprostatic ligament pulling forces puboprostaticus pulling xylem sap puboprostaticus muscle pulmocutaneous puborectalis muscle pulmocutaneous circuit pubovaginalis muscle pulmonary pubovesical ligament pulmonary pudendal pulmonary abscess pudendal canal pulmonary acinus pudendal nerve pulmonary airways pudendal nerves pulmonary alveolar macrophages pudendal vessel channels pulmonary alveolar proteinosis puerperal infection pulmonary- and broncho-postcapillary venules puerperal sepsis pulmonary area puff pulmonary arterial hypertension puff up pulmonary arterial pressure puffballs pulmonary artery pugnacious pulmonary artery occlusion pressure Pulex irritans pulmonary artery pressure pull pulmonary artery pressure curve pull a hand away pulmonary artery wedge pressure pull apart pulmonary aspergillosis pull away 623 pulmonary atresia pulmonary atresia pulmonary fibrosis pulmonary biopsies pulmonary gas exchange pulmonary blood flow pulmonary heart disease pulmonary blood vessels pulmonary hypertension pulmonary capillaries pulmonary hypoplasia pulmonary capillary beds pulmonary infarction pulmonary capillary network pulmonary infections pulmonary capillary pressure pulmonary infiltrates pulmonary capillary wedge pressure pulmonary insufficiency pulmonary caverns pulmonary ligament pulmonary chemoreflex pulmonary lobes pulmonary circuit pulmonary lymphatics pulmonary circulation pulmonary macrophages pulmonary compliance pulmonary mucormycosis pulmonary component pulmonary mycosis pulmonary conus pulmonary nocardiosis pulmonary cryptococcosis pulmonary nodules pulmonary cystic fibrosis pulmonary paragonimiasis pulmonary disease pulmonary plague pulmonary dissemination pulmonary plexus pulmonary distress pulmonary puncture biopsy pulmonary echinococcosis pulmonary secretion pulmonary edema pulmonary sequestration pulmonary ejection murmur pulmonary sinuses pulmonary embolism pulmonary stenosis pulmonary embolus pulmonary surfactant pulmonary emphysema pulmonary tissues pulmonary epithelium pulmonary tree 624 pulmonary trunk pulmonary trunk pulpwood pulmonary valve pulsatile pulmonary valve annulus pulsations pulmonary valve stenosis pulsations pulmonary vascular disease pulse pulmonary vascular obstructive disease pulse amplitude pulmonary vascular resistance pulse oximetry pulmonary veins pulse oximetry screening pulmonary venous distention pulse points pulmonary venous drainage pulse pressure pulmonary venous pressure pulse rate pulmonary venous return pulse wave pulmonary ventilation pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio pulse-labeling pulmonates, pulmonate slugs pulses in arteries Pulmonata pulses of electrical current pulmonic pulsus celer pulmonic clicks pulsus paradoxus pulmonic component pulverize pulmonic insufficiency pulvini pulmonic stenosis pump pulmonic valve pump protein pulmonic valve closure pumping action of the heart pulp pumping cycle pulp abscess pumping organ pulp cavity pumpkin seed tapeworm pulp vein punch holes pulpitis punctate 625 punctuated punctuated pupillary constriction punctuated equilibria pupillary light reflexes punctuated equilibria model pupillary margin punctuated equilibrium pupillary opening punctuated equilibrium model pupillary pathways punctuated gradualism pupillary reflex punctuated pattern pups punctuation pure punctuational pure culture puncture pure culture technique puncture biopsies pure DNA puncture pus pure element puncture site pure form puncture wound pure knockout strain puncture, aspiration, injection, reaspiration pure psychiatric disorder pungent pure red cell aplasia Punnett square pure toxicoses pupa pure water pupal purely pupal period purely additive pupal stage purely neutral mutations pupate purgatives pupation purge pupfishes purged pupil purging pupil constriction purification pupil response purification protocol pupillary purification tag 626 purified purified purplish purified away purpura purified DNA purpura fulminans purified form purpuric skin lesions purified from an agarose gel purulence purified protein derivatives purulent purify purulent discharge purifying selection purulent infiltration purine purulent inflammatory foci purine base purulent material purine nucleoside phosphorylase purulent secretion purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency pus purine nucleotides pus cells purine residue push against purine ring push aside purine-pyrimidine pairs push away purinergic receptors push down on purines push outward purity push upward Purkinje cell layer push your way through Purkinje cells pushing xylem sap Purkinje dendritic trees puslike Purkinje fibers pustular Purkinje system pustular dermatitis purple bacteria pustular exanthem purple foxglove pustular lesion purple pitcher plant pustular melanosis purple sulfur bacteria pustular smear 627 pustulation pustulation pyoverdin pustule contents pyramid of biomass pustules pyramid of energy putamen pyramid of numbers putative pyramidal cells putrid pyramidal eminence P-V leukocidin pyramidal fibers PVA fixative pyramidal lobe PWM pyramidal process PWS pyramidal system pycnogonids pyramidal tract pyelonephritis pyramidalis muscle pyelonephritis-associated pili pyramis pyknotic pyrantel pyloric pyrantel pamoate pyloric antrum pyrazinamid pyloric canal pyrazinoisoquinoline pyloric constriction pyrethrines pyloric orifice pyrethroids pyloric part pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid pyloric sphincter muscle pyridinoline structure pylorus pyridinolines pyocyanin pyridoxal pyoderma pyridoxal phosphate pyogenic pyridoxine pyogenic infection pyriform bodies pyogenic inflammation pyrimethamine pyorubin pyrimidine 628 pyrimidine base pyrimidine base pyrimidine dimers pyrimidine nucleotides pyrite pyrogenic pyrogenic activity pyrogens pyrophosphate pyrophosphate linkage pyrrolysine pyruvate pyruvate dehydrogenase pyruvic acid PZA 629 Q quadratus femoris muscle q arm quadratus lumborum muscle Q fever quadratus plantae Q fever endocarditis quadriceps QBC quadriceps femoris QBC technique quadriceps femoris muscle QRS axis quadriceps femoris tendon QRS complex quadriplegia QRS deflection quadriplegic QRS vector quadrivalent QS2 quadrupedal QT interval quadrupeds QTL quadruplets QTL analysis quadruplicate QTL mapping quadrupole QTL studies qualitative data QTL study qualitative evaluation quabain qualitative long-day plants quadrangular qualitative short-day plants quadrangular membrane qualitatively quadrangular space qualitatively new quadrangular space syndrome qualities of a sensation quadrant quantal release quadrant enhancer quantification quadrate bone quantification standard quadrate lobe quantified quadrate tubercle quantify quadratojugal quantitalive buffy coat analysis 630 quantitate quantitate quartan malaria quantitation quarter quantitative quasi-Batesian quantitative antigen assay quasi-Batesian mimics quantitative approach quasicontinuous quantitative assay of an antigen quasi-parasitism quantitative buffy coat method quasisexual quantitative characters quasispecies quantitative data quaternary quantitative estimate quaternary consumers quantitative genetic variation Quaternary period quantitative long-day plants quaternary structure quantitative PCR quellung reaction quantitative RT-PCR query fever quantitative short-day plants query sequence quantitative test quicken quantitative trait quickening quantitative trait loci quiescence quantitative trait locus mapping quiescent quantitative urine bacteriology quiescent phase quantitative variation quiet quantitative viral testing quill quantity of sperm produced quillworts quantum quinine quantum theory quinolone antibiotics quarantine quinolones quarantine period quintupled quarantined quintuply 631 quinupristin-dalfopristin quinupristin-dalfopristin quirk of nature quorum quorum sensing 632 radial cleavage R R radial collateral ligament radial fossa R factor R looping technique R plasmids R point radial glia radial groove radial head R proteins radial immunodiffusion according to Mancini r strategist radial muscle of iris r strategy radial nerve RAAS radial nerve paralysis Rab proteins radial nervous system rabbit fever radial notch rabbit reticulocyte lysate radial pulse rabbitpox radial recurrent artery rabid radial styloid process rabies immunoglobulin radial symmetry rabies vaccine radial tuberosity rabies virus radialis indicis artery RACE radially striated race radially striped racemose radially symmetrical racial radiant energy racial division radiate rad radiating necrosis radar tracking radiating spikes radial radiation radial artery radiation damage 633 radiation exposure radiation exposure radioactivity level radiation therapy radioallergosorbent test radiation treatment radiocarbon dated radical radiocephalic fistula radical cure radio-collared radical pulp radiocrystallographic images radicle radiocrystallography radicular arteries radiofrequencies radio collar radiograph radio tag radiographic film radio tracking radiographic view radioactive radioimmunoassay radioactive assay radioimmunosorbent test radioactive clock radioisotope decay radioactive dating technique radioisotope scanning radioactive decay radioisotopes radioactive DNA sequence radiolabeled radioactive elements radiolarians radioactive emissions Radiolaria radioactive isotope of chromium radiologic resolution radioactive isotopes radiological angioplasty radioactive isotopes of iodine radiologist radioactive parent atom radiology radioactive tracer radiolysis radioactively radiometric dating radioactively labeled radiometrically radioactively labeled DNA radiopaque contrast medium radioactivity radiosterilization 634 radiosterilization equipment radiosterilization equipment rancher radiotherapy rancid butter radio-ulnar joint random radius random amplified polymorphic DNA radius of the heart random coil conformation radula random dispersion raffinose random fertilization rafts random genetic drift ragged random mating ragweed random mutations rain shadow random point mutation rainfall random primers rainless random priming rainwater random process raise random process of fertilization raised against random sampling raised intracranial pressure random variation raised leukocyte numbers random walk raised serum IgM random weather events raised total protein and IgM levels randomly raised transaminases randomness rales random-primed ram range ramets range expansion rami range limit ramifications range of a species ramifying range of immunoglobulin specificities ramus range of phenotypic possibilities 635 range of response range of response rapid-fire volleys range pH rapidity rangeland rapidly Ranidae rapidly adapting receptors RAO rapidly replicating viruses rapamycin rapidly spreading infection RAPD banding patterns rapids RAPD data rapsyn RAPD priming sites rapture of the deep RAPD screening rare-cutting RAPD variation RAS RAPDs Ras genes raphe Ras pathway raphe nuclei Ras proteins rapid rash rapid action rasplike rapid amplification of cDNA ends RAST rapid breathing rat flea rapid chromosome mapping rat poison rapid evolution rat-bite fever rapid eye movement sleep rate rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test rate of growth rapid heartbeat rate zonal centrifugation rapid HIV test rate-limiting rapid microscopical diagnosis rate-limiting factor rapid plasma reagin test ratfishes rapid respiration Rathke's pouch rapid test ratio 636 ratio of females to males ratio of females to males reactant molecules rationality reaction rationalize reaction center rationalized antibiotic therapies reaction coupling ratites, Ratitae, ratite birds reaction mechanism rattle reaction mixture raw material reaction norm raw petroleum reaction of joining ray reaction partners ray floret reaction profile ray-finned fishes reaction rate raylike reaction sequence Raynaud syndrome reaction time rays and skates reaction-center complex Rb reactivate RBC casts reactivated RBCs reactivation RBS reactive rDNA sequences reactive arthritis reabsorb reactive hyperemia reabsorbed reactive oxidative molecules reabsorption reactive oxygen species reabsorption lacunae reactivity reabsorptive reactivity in biochemical tests reach read reach peak read off react readily reactant reading frame 637 reading heads reading heads rebound reagent rebound congestion reaginic antibodies rebound phenomenon reagins recanalization realized niche recapture realm recede real-time PCR receded re-anneal receding forehead re-annealing of the strands receding hairline rear receive rearrange receive treatment rearranged receiver domain rearranged chromosome receiver module rearrangement receiving cell rearrangement of the genetic material recency rearrangement of the genetic material recency of speciation event reassemble recent reassembled Recent reassembly Recent Africa Origin reassociate recent common ancestor reassociated recent gene duplicates reassociation recent infection reassociation kinetics recent out-of-Africa model reassortant recently infected reassortant vaccine receptacle reassortment reception reassortment of gene segments receptive reassortment of the gene segments 638 receptive ends of the cells receptive ends of the cells receptor-mediated endocytosis receptive field receptors for pain receptive relaxation receptors for smell receptiveness receptors for specific molecules receptiveness to regulation receptors on a postsynaptic neuron receptivity receptors on the phagocyte membrane receptor recess receptor activation recessed receptor cell recessed 3'-ends receptor chain recession receptor domains recessive receptor down-regulation recessive allele receptor function recessive mutant allele receptor gene recessive phenotype receptor ligands recessive trait receptor light chain recessively receptor locus recessiveness receptor membrane rechallenge receptor molecules recharged with oxygen receptor potential recidivate receptor proteins recidivating receptor site recidivation receptor system recipient receptor type recipient bacterium receptor up-regulation recipient blastocyst receptor zone recipient cells receptor-binding canyon recipient site receptor-hormone complex recipient's transplantation antigens 639 reciprocal reciprocal recognition sites for ribosome binding reciprocal altruism recognition species concept reciprocal cross recognition step reciprocal exploitation recognition unit reciprocal inhibition recognizable reciprocal innervation recognize reciprocal monophyly recoil reciprocal recombination recollection reciprocal synapses recolonization reciprocal translocation recolonize reciprocal transplant experiment recombinant reciprocally monophyletic recombinant antigens reciprocate recombinant chromatids reciprocation recombinant chromosomes re-circularize recombinant clones recircularized recombinant DNA manipulations recirculate recombinant DNA methods recirculating recombinant DNA research recirculation recombinant DNA studies reclaim recombinant DNA techniques recluse spider recombinant DNA technology recognition recombinant DNA vector recognition helix recombinant DNA work recognition memory recombinant genes recognition process recombinant offspring recognition proteins recombinant plasmid recognition region recombinant products recognition sequence recombinant protein 640 recombinant techniques recombinant techniques reconstruct recombinant technology reconstructed recombinant type reconstruction recombinant vaccine record recombinant vaccinia virus recorded recombinants recording device recombinant-type offspring recording electrode recombinase recordings recombination recover recombination recoverable recombination among loci recovered genotypes recombination data recovery recombination event recovery heat recombination frequency recovery phase recombination of linked genes recovery plan recombination of pili genes recovery program recombination process recreated recombination product recreation recombination proteins recreational exposure recombination rate recrudescence recombination repair recrudescence phase recombination signal sequences recrudescent infection recombination site recrudescent typhus recombinational speciation recruit recombine recruitment recombined rectal reconstituted rectal ampulla reconstitution rectal changes 641 rectal examination rectal examination recurrence rate rectal gland recurrent rectal lesions recurrent axon collaterals rectal nerve recurrent disease rectal plexus recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve rectal prolapse recurrent laryngeal nerves rectal swab recurrent mutations rectal temperature recurring rectosigmoid junction recurved teeth rectouterine fold recycle recto-uterine ligament recycle nutrients recto-uterine pouch recycled rectovaginal septum recycling rectovesical pouch recycling center rectovesical septum red algae rectum red algal rectus abdominis muscle red and far-red light rectus capitis anterior muscle red blood cells rectus capitis lateralis muscle red bone marrow rectus capitis posterior major red bugs rectus capitis posterior minor red cell aplasia rectus femoris muscle red cell enzyme defect rectus muscle red cell exchange rectus sheath red cell fragmentation recumbent red cell mass recuperative ability red cell membrane recur red cell volume recurrence 642 red cells red cells reduced red crossbills reduced appetite red eyes reduced eyes red fibers reduced gastric acidity red marrow of bones reduced leaf surface area red mites reduced sensation in the legs red muscles reduced size red nucleus reduced state red phalarope reducing red pulp reducing agent red reflex reducing conditions red tides reducing power redback spider reductase redden reduction reddened reduction agents reddening reduction division redeploy reductionism redevelop reductionist approach red-green color blindness reductionist strategy rediae reduction-modifiable protein redirect redundancy redistribution redundant redness redundant neck skin redox mechanism reduviids redox potential reduviid bugs redox process red-white color test redox reaction reeducational management reduce reef 643 reef organisms reef organisms referred pain reefbuilders refine reef-building corals refined reef-dwelling refined carbohydrates reeking refinement re-emergence refinement of movements re-emerging diseases refining process re-emerging pathogens reflected head re-encounters reflected light reengineer reflected posteriorly re-enter reflection of peritoneum reentrant activity reflections of serous pericardium reentrant excitation reflex reentrant wave reflex action reentry reflex activity reepithelialized reflex arc reestablish reflex bradycardia reestablishment reflex bronchial constriction re-evaluate reflex centers re-evaluation reflex contraction re-examine reflex feedback mechanism reexposure reflex response reference data library reflex righting of the head reference electrode reflex sympathetic dystrophy reference genome reflex withdrawal reference genotype reflexive memory reference laboratory reflux reference value reflux disease 644 reflux nephropathy reflux nephropathy regimen refold regimes refolding model region reform region deprived of oxygen reformation region of AUG refract region of endemism refractile region of repeats refraction region of the AUG start codon refractive index region of the body refractive power region of the pterion refractory regional refractory period regional adenopathy refractory shock regional approach refrigerated food regional conservation refuge area regional exchange of materials refuges regional health centers refugia regional lymph nodes refugial area regional lymphadenitis refugial sites regional precipitation differences refugium regional specialization refusal to feed regionally regal fritillary regionally diverse Regan Lowe agar regions of base pairing Regan-Lowe charcoal medium regions of brain regenerate regions of extensive conservation regeneration regions of helix regenerative regions of land regenerative sprouting regions of noncoding DNA 645 regions of the body regions of the body regulator region-specific recombination regulator gene regress regulator of immunity regressing corpus luteum regulator protein regression regulator sequence regression of metastases regulatory regressive hypothesis regulatory bacterial mechanisms regrow regulatory cap regrowth regulatory circuitry regular regulatory controls regular exercise regulatory DNA regular patterns regulatory DNA sequences regular tasters regulatory DNA substitutions regulate regulatory elements regulated regulatory factors regulated changes regulatory functions regulated pathway regulatory genes regulated promoters regulatory mechanism regulated synthesis regulatory modularity regulation regulatory molecule regulation by enzymes regulatory mutants regulation modes regulatory pathway regulation of cardiac function regulatory pathway mechanism regulation of cell surface molecule expression regulatory peptides regulatory point regulation of gene expression regulatory properties regulation of the hormones regulatory protein regulative development regulatory protein phosphorylation 646 regulatory proteins of the complement system regulatory proteins of the complement system reintroduced reintroduction regulatory region reintroduction programme regulatory regions of the gene reinvasion regulatory requirements Reissner's membrane regulatory sequence reject regulatory site rejection regulatory subunits rejoin regulatory switch rejoined regulatory system relapse regulatory T cells relapses regulon relapsing fevers regurgitate related regurgitated -related regurgitation relatedness rehabilitation relatedness asymmetry rehabilitation program relational rehydration therapy relationship rehydration treatment relationships reinfect relative reinfection relative abundance reinfestation relative activities reinforce relative concentrations reinforced relative fitness reinforcement relative performance reinitiate relative placement reinitiation relative proportions reintroduce relative prosperity 647 relative rate test relative rate test releasing hormones relative refractory period reliance relative to relics relatively relict relatively avascular relieve relatively nonpolar relieved of predation relative-to-absolute IgA deficiency religated relax relocate relaxation relocation relaxation heat rely on relaxation phase REM behavior disorder relaxation volume REM sleep relaxed remain relaxed closed circle remains relaxin remediator relay remineralization relay center remission relay molecules remission therapy relay neurons remittent fever relay nuclei of the thalamus remnant relay proteins remnants relay station remodeling release remodeling process release factor remote release from competition removal releaser remove release-recapture data renal releasing renal abnormalities 648 renal acid secretion renal acid secretion renal metastases renal afferent arterioles renal pain renal arterial mean pressure renal papilla renal arteries renal parenchyma renal arteriolar pressure renal pelvis renal artery renal pelvis mucosa renal blood flow renal plasma flow renal calculi renal plexus renal capillaries renal pyramids renal capsule renal scarring renal circulation renal sinus renal columns renal stones renal cortex renal threshold renal cortical blood flow renal tract renal damage renal transplantation renal dialysis renal tubular acidosis renal dysfunction renal tubular cells renal enzymes renal tubular damage renal failure renal tubular H+ secretion renal fascia renal tubular transport renal glomeruli renal tubules renal glomerulopathy renal vascular resistance renal hematuria renal vasculature renal hilum renal vasoconstriction renal hypertension renal vasodilation renal insufficiency renal veins renal interstitial pressure renaturation renal medulla renature 649 renatured renatured repeat distance rendered visible repeat elements renegade cell genotypes repeat motif renegade cells repeat number renin repeat pattern renin-angiotensin system repeat scale renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway repeat sequence renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system repeat treatment renorenal reflex repeat unit renovascular repeatable Renshaw cell repeated reopening repeated culture growth reorganization repeated DNA reorganize repeated DNA sequences reorient repeated occurrences reovirus repeated over and over reovirus 1-3 repeated replacements reovirus infections repeated reproduction repackage repeated satellite DNA repair repeated sequences repair defects repeatedly repair enzymes repeating repair mechanism repeating patterns repair polymerase repel repair processes repellent effect repair system repellents repeat reperfusion repeat cycle repertoire 650 repertoire of behavior repertoire of behavior replicating repetitive replicating enzyme repetitive DNA replication repetitive gene replication bubble repetitive gene regions replication capabilities repetitive nucleotide sequences replication cycle repetitive sequences replication defective genome repetitively replication deficient repetitively arranged replication enzyme replace replication errors replacement replication factories replacement changes replication factors replacement forest replication fidelity replacement hypothesis replication forks replacement level replication genes replacement substitution replication initiation point mapping replacement therapy replication intermediates replacement tissues replication licensing replacement vectors replication licensing event replacement-level fertility replication licensing system replanted replication machinery replayed replication origin replenish replication origin sequences replica replication process replica plating replication protein A replicate replication proteins replicated replication slippage replicated sister-group comparison replication strategy 651 replication system replication system repository replication temperature represent replicational fidelity representation replicational mispair representational hemisphere replication-competent representative replicative apparatus representative examples replicative cycle representative gene libraries replicative form representative genomic library replicative intermediate representative library replicative polymerase representative sample replicative transposition repress replicative transposition process repressed replicator repressed state replicon repressible replisome repressible operon repolarization repression repolarize repressive repolarized repressive transcription factor repolarized zone repressor reponema-caused diseases repressor binding repopulate repressor dimer report on repressor domains reporter construct repressor gene reporter gene repressor molecules reporter gene product repressor protein reporter molecule repressor sequence reporter protein repressor-binding site reposition repressor-corepressor complex 652 repressurize repressurize reproductive ecology reproduce reproductive effort reproduced reproductive episode reproducibility reproductive events reproducible reproductive failure reproducible test results reproductive fitness reproducibly reproductive growth reproducing reproductive hormones reproduction reproductive incompatibility reproduction cycle reproductive isolating mechanisms reproductive reproductive isolation reproductive abilities reproductive leaves reproductive ability reproductive lifetime reproductive activity reproductive machinery reproductive adaptations reproductive maturity reproductive age reproductive mode reproductive assurance reproductive organs reproductive axis reproductive output reproductive barriers reproductive parasites reproductive behavior reproductive parts reproductive biology reproductive pattern reproductive capacity reproductive phase reproductive cells reproductive potential reproductive character displacement reproductive process reproductive cycle reproductive rate reproductive decision reproductive shoot reproductive development reproductive skew reproductive discontinuity reproductive stage 653 reproductive strategies reproductive strategies research directions reproductive structures research efforts reproductive success research evidence reproductive system research group reproductive table research institution reproductive tissues research lab reproductive tract research method reproductive trade-off research organism reproductive unit research paper reproductive variation research program reproductively research project reproductively active research settings reproductively compatible research site reproductively isolated research stage reprogram research strategy reprogramming research team Reptilia research tool reptilian researcher repulsion resected repulsive forces resection requirements reserve RER reserves reroductive output reservoir reroute reservoir animals RES reservoir host re-screen reservoir of variation research reset research center reshaping 654 reshuffling of alleles reshuffling of alleles resistance patterns reside resistance plasmids residence resistance protein resident resistance test resident female resistance testing residual resistance transfer factor residual activity resistance vessels residual cleft resistant residual volume resistant cells residue resistant HIV variants resilience resistant strains resilient resistant target molecules resin resistin resin ducts resolution resiquimod resolution phase resist resolution site resistance resolvase resistance allele resolve resistance characteristics resolved resistance determinants resolving power resistance epidemiology resonance resistance frequent resonance waves resistance genes resorb resistance genes for the antibiotics resorption space resistance integrons resource consumption resistance locus resource limitation resistance markers resource partitioning resistance mechanisms resource use 655 resource-limited species resource-limited species respiratory enzymes resource-poor respiratory epithelium resources respiratory equipment respiration respiratory exchange respiratory respiratory exchange ratio respiratory acidosis respiratory failure respiratory adenoviruses respiratory function respiratory alkalosis respiratory gases respiratory arrest respiratory gills respiratory bronchioles respiratory group respiratory burst respiratory illness respiratory center respiratory impairment respiratory chain respiratory infection respiratory chain enzymes respiratory inhibition respiratory compensation respiratory insufficiency respiratory compromise respiratory isolation respiratory control respiratory mechanics respiratory cycle respiratory medium respiratory dead space respiratory minute volume respiratory depression respiratory movements respiratory diphtheria respiratory muscles respiratory disease respiratory neurons respiratory distress respiratory obstruction respiratory distress respiratory organs respiratory distress syndrome respiratory oxidation respiratory droplets respiratory paralysis respiratory effort respiratory passages respiratory electron transport chain respiratory passageways 656 respiratory pathway respiratory pathway response mechanism respiratory pigment response patterns respiratory problems response potential respiratory protein responsive respiratory quotient responsively respiratory rate responsiveness respiratory secretions rest pain respiratory specimen restiform body respiratory stimulation re-stimulated respiratory structures resting respiratory surfaces resting condition respiratory symptoms resting conditions respiratory syncytial virus resting expiratory level respiratory system resting G0 phase respiratory tract resting heart rate respiratory tract infections resting heat respiratory tract specimens resting length respiratory viruses resting level respire resting membrane potential respire aerobically resting phase respired air resting position respiring resting potential respond resting sporangia respondent conditioning resting stage responders resting state responding resting tone response resting value response elements restless behavior 657 restlessness restlessness restriction point restoration restriction site restoration ecologist restriction-modification system restoration ecology restrictive restoration genetics restrictive cardiomyopathy restoration of biodiversity restructuring restoration of the electrolyte balance result from restoration programmes result in restoration strategy resulting restore resume restrain resumption restrict resupply restriction resuscitated restriction digestion resuscitative measures restriction digests resuspended restriction endonucleases resynthesis restriction enzyme cutting sites resynthesize restriction enzyme digestion resynthesized restriction enzyme sites retain restriction enzyme-digested retard restriction enzymes retardation restriction fragment retarded bands restriction fragment analysis retarded development restriction fragment length polymorphism retarded growth restriction fragments retarded mental and physical development restriction map retarded skeletal growth restriction mapping rete restriction modification rete ovari 658 rete testis rete testis retinacula retention retinacular retention cysts retinaculum retention of an intron retinal retention of water retinal detachment retention of water retinal ganglion cells reticular retinal hemorrhage reticular activating system retinal pigment epithelium reticular bodies retinal red reflex reticular connective tissue retinal units reticular core of the brain retinal veins reticular fibers retinitis reticular formation retinitis pigmentosa reticular inhibitory center retinoblast reticular lamina retinoblast cell reticular neurons retinoblastoma reticular system retinoblastoma cells reticulate bodies retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein reticulate evolution retinohypothalamic fibers reticulated retinoic acid reticulocyte lysate retinoic acid receptors reticulocytes retinoid X receptor reticulocytopenia retinoids reticuloendothelial system retinol reticulohistiocytic system retinopathy of prematurity reticulospinal tract retinoscopic examination reticulum retinular cells retina retrace 659 retract retract retromolar triangle retraction retroocular headache retreat retroorbital headache retrieval retroorbital pain retrieve retroperitoneal retroauricular area retroperitoneal space retroauricular nodes retroperitoneally retrocecal position retroperitoneum retrocolic retropharyngeal retrocollis retropharyngeal nodes retroelement transposition retropharyngeal space retroelements retroposition retrofection retroposition event retrograde retrosequences retrograde amnesia retrospective analysis retrograde axonal transport retrospective method retrograde degeneration retrosternal goiter retrograde direction retrotransposed retrograde fashion retrotransposition retrograde flow retrotransposition event retrograde messenger retrotransposon retrograde signal retroviral retrograde transport retroviral genomes retrograde transport retroviral particle retroinfection retroviral promoter retrolaminar segment retroviral syndrome retromammary space retroviral transcription retromandibular vein retrovirus 660 retrovirus proviral genomes retrovirus proviral genomes reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction retrovirus sequences reverse transcription return reversed returned to nature reverse-transcribed reunion reversible reunite reversible inhibition reuptake reversible protonation reuptake system reversibly reuse reversion reused revert Rev protein review revaccination revive reveal revolution of the Earth around the Sun revegetate reward centers reverberate reward circuitry reverberating circuit reward pathway reversal reward system reverse rewind reverse behavior Reye syndrome reverse flow RF reverse mutagenic primers RFFIT reverse primer RFLP reverse reaction RFLP analysis reverse sex RFLP data reverse transcribe RFLP match reverse transcript RFLPs reverse transcriptase Rh antigen reverse transcriptase inhibitors 661 Rh disease Rh disease rhinitis Rh factor rhinitis Rh immune serum rhinitislike Rh incompatibility rhinocerebral mucormycosis Rh negative rhinopathies Rh positive rhinorrhea Rh system rhinoscleroma Rh+ erythrocytes rhinovirus rhabditiform larvae rhinovirus infection rhabdom Rhipidistia rhabdomyolysis rhipidistian rhabdoviruses, Rhabdoviridae rhipidistians Rhagoletis pomonella Rh-isoimmunization rhamnose rhizarians Rh-disease Rhizaria rheas rhizarian supergroup rhesus antigen rhizobacteria Rhesus factor rhizobia rhesus factor incompatibility rhizobial bacteria rhesus immunization rhizobial relationship rhesus monkey rhizobium rhesus prophylaxis rhizoids rheumatic rhizome rheumatic fever rhizophora mangle rheumatoid Rhizopus stolonifer rheumatoid arthritis rhizosphere rheumatoid factor rhizosphere microbial communities rhinencephalon rho 662 rho protein rho protein rib notching rho-dependent termination ribavirin rho-dependent terminators rib-bearing rhodophytes ribbon model Rhodophyta ribbon worms rhodopsin ribbonlike rho-independent terminator site ribbon-shaped rho-independent terminators ribitol rhomboid major muscle riboflavin rhomboid minor muscle ribonuclease rhomboid muscle ribonuclease P rhomboids ribonuclease protection assay rhonchi ribonucleic acid rhoptries ribonucleoprotein Rhynchocephalia ribonucleoprotein complexes rhynchocoel ribonucleoprotein complexes rhyniophytes ribonucleoprotein particles rhythm method ribonucleosides rhythm method of birth control ribonucleotide base pairing rhythmic ribonucleotide reductase rhythmic activity ribose rhythmic breathing ribose distances rhythmic contractions ribose ring rhythmicity ribose sugar RIA ribose units rib ribose zipper motif rib cage ribosomal ribosomal assembly 663 ribosomal DNA sequences ribosomal DNA sequences ribothymidine ribosomal movement ribotyping ribosomal proteins ribozymes ribosomal RNA ribulose bisphosphate ribosomal RNA gene sequences ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate ribosomal RNA genes ribulose-5-phosphate ribosomal RNAs ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase ribosomal subunits rice paddies ribosomal synthesis of polypeptides rich ribosomal target site richly supplied with blood vessels ribosomal-RNA encoding gene richly supplied with capillaries ribosome ricinus ribosome assembly rickettsia, Rickettsiae ribosome association rickettsial disease ribosome binding rickettsial pox ribosome binding sequence rickettsial surface proteins ribosome binding site rickettsialpox ribosome recognition sequences rickettsiosis ribosome release factor ridge ribosome subunit ridge of bone ribosome synthesis ridge of lava ribosome-associated proteins ridged ribosome-binding site ridged sternum ribosome-mRNA-polypeptide complex ridges containing connective tissue ribosomes rifampicin ribosome-studded rift valley riboswitch Rift Valley fever ribosylation RIG 664 right adductor longus right adductor longus right hypochondrium right ascending lumbar vein right jugular trunk right atrial systole right leg venous system right atrioventricular orifice right lobe of the liver right atrioventricular valve right lower quadrant right atrioventricular valve right lung right atrium right lymphatic duct right axis deviation right marginal vein right brachial pulse right phrenic nerve right brachiocephalic vein right planum temporale right budle branch right pulmonary artery right bundle branch block right pulmonary surface right cerebral dominance right side of the heart right colic artery right sternal border right colic flexure right subclavian artery right coronary artery right subclavian trunk right crus of the diaphragm right subcostal vein right fibrous trigone right superior intercostal vein right flank right suprarenal gland right gastric artery right suprarenal vein right gastric vein right transverse colon right gastroepiploic artery right transverse sinus right gastro-omental artery right upper pulmonary vein right gastro-omental vein right upper quadrant right heart dilation right ventricle right heart failure right ventricular right hepatectomy right ventricular coronary flow right hepatic artery right ventricular ejection 665 right ventricular hypertrophy right ventricular hypertrophy rim right ventricular lift rim of the orbit right ventricular stretch receptors rima glottidis right vocal cord palsy rima vestibuli right-handed rimantadine right-handed amino acids ring right-handed coiled path ring carbon numbers right-handed fashion ring closure right-handed helical path ring compound righting reflexes ring finger right-left axis ring form right-mouthed ring inserted into the vagina right-pointing mouth ring positions of the bases right-sided cardiac enlargement ring sequences right-sided chest pain ring spot virus right-sided deep vein thrombosis ring structure right-sided heart ring system right-sided HF ringed right-sided outflow obstruction ring-enhancing lesion right-sided para-aortic lymph nodes rings of cartilage right-to-left shunt ringspot virus rigid ring-width index rigid developmental pattern ringworm rigid pattern of cell lineages RIP mapping rigidity riparian rigor riparian forest rigor mortis ripen rigors ripened 666 ripeness ripeness riverine wetlands ripening rivers shifting their courses ripening enzyme RMP ripple Rmp protein RISC RMSF rise RNA rising phase RNA and protein synthetic machinery rising rate RNA binding rising sea level RNA binding experiments rising tide RNA chain risk RNA chain termination risk assessment RNA component risk factor RNA contamination risk-benefit ratio RNA copy risorius muscle RNA editing RIST RNA enzymes risus sardonicus RNA genome ritonavir RNA induced silencing complex Ritter disease RNA interference ritualized RNA interference ritualized contest RNA intermediate river RNA knockdown river blindness RNA molecules river drainage system RNA nucleotide river system RNA phages river turtles RNA Pol I riverbed RNA Pol I promoters riverine RNA Pol II 667 RNA Pol II basal transcription factors RNA Pol II basal transcription factors RNA sense strand RNA Pol II carboxy-terminal domain RNA sequencing RNA Pol II initiation factor RNA splicing RNA Pol II promoters RNA start sites RNA Pol II transcription complex RNA strand RNA Pol II transcription factor RNA synthesis RNA Pol II transcription initiation complex RNA template RNA Pol II transcripts RNA transcript RNA Pol III RNA triplets RNA Pol III genes RNA tumor virus RNA Pol III termination RNA tumor viruses RNA Pol II-transcribed pre-mRNAs RNA virus RNA polymerase RNA world model RNA polymerase binding RNA-antisense DNA strand binding RNA polymerase core enzyme RNA-based genome RNA polymerase I RNA-cutting tools RNA polymerase II RNA-dependent DNA polymerase RNA polymerase III RNA-dependent DNA synthesis RNA polymerase-DNA-RNA complex RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RNA primer RNA-directed DNA polymerase RNA priming RNA-directed synthesis RNA processing RNA-DNA helix RNA processing RNA-DNA hybrid RNA processing reactions RNA-hydrolyzing enzymes RNA products RNAi RNA pseudoknot motif RNAi response RNA repair mechanism RNA-induced silencing complex RNA replication RNA-like 668 RNA-processing elements RNA-processing elements rock-encrusting algae RNA-protein complexes rocket electrophoresis RNAs rocklike columns rocks from the Cambrian period RNase A rocky RNase H rocky coastlines RNase L rocky crevices RNase P Rocky Mountain spotted fever RNase P enzymes Rocky Mountain wood tick RNase protection rocky shore RNP rod RNP particles rod bacterium roach rod cells roach feces rod of cartilage roaches rodent roan rodent pathogen roar rodents rob Rodentia robotic workstations rodlike robust rods of Corti rock formation rod-shaped rock garden rod-shaped strand rock hyrax roentgenogram rock layer roentgenologist rock outcrops rohypnol rock python roll rock sequence roll into rock strata roll up into a spiral form rock surfaces 669 rolled-up rolled-up root hair cells rolling circle replication root hairs rolling-circle mechanism root layer Romaña’s sign root nodules roof root of the cladogram roof of the inguinal canal root of the clitoris roof of the maxillary sinus root of the iris roof of the mouth root of the left lung roof of the nasal cavity root of the mesentery roof of the oral cavity root of the neck roof of the orbit root of the penis roof of the pharynx root of the tongue roosting root pressure roosting site root resorption root root secretions root apical meristem root system root cap root tip root cap cells root xylem root cell membrane root zone root cell wall rooted root cells rooting root cortex rooting powder root crops rooting reflex root debridement rootlets root depth rootlike root epidermal cells roots of the lumbar nerves root epidermis ROS root growth rosacea 670 rose family rose family rotatores thoracis roseola rotaviral roseola infantum rotavirus rosette rotenone rosette formation rotifers Ross River virus rotor rostellar hooks rotten rostellum rotting rostral rough rostral ventrolateral medulla rough bacteria rostroventral medulla rough cells rot rough endoplasmic reticulum rotary motion rough ER rotary motors roughened rotate roughening rotating rough-strain bacteria rotating motion round rotation round dance rotational acceleration round ligament rotational symmetry round ligament of the liver rotator round ligament of uterus rotator cuff round of cell division rotator cuff disorder round of mitosis rotator cuff muscles round of replication rotatores round spermatic nuclear injection rotatores cervicis round window rotatores lumborum rounded rotatores spinae rounded muscular sac 671 rounding off rounding off RT DNA polymerase round-to-oval RT-PCR roundworms rubbery latex Rous sarcoma virus rubella route rubella syndrome route of entry rubella virus route of infection rubeola route of transmission RuBisCO routes for hormone movement rubivirus row RuBP row of trees RuBP carboxylase rows of cells rubrospinal tract roxithromycin rubulavirus RPA rudimentary RP-A rudiments RPR test rudists RQ Ruffini ending rRNA rugae rRNA genes rugose rRNA molecules rumen rRNA processing ruminant mammals rRNA transcription unit ruminants rRNAs rump feathers RS viruses run r-selected species run of A residues r-selection run out on a gel RSV runaway process RT runaway sexual selection 672 rung rung runners running gazelles runny nose runny pus runoff run-off lesion rupture ruptured ruptured calcaneal ligament ruptured fallopian tube RUQ pain rural yellow fever rush rush in rush into rusty sputum RV RV conduction RV heave RV lift RVF RVLM RXR ryanodine receptor rye plants rypanosome chancre 673 S sacral dimple S sacral foramina S phase sacral hiatus S piece sacral horns S value sacral nerves S1 mapping sacral parasympathetic fibers S1 nuclease mapping sacral plexus SA nodal impulses sacral promontory SA node sacral region Sabin-Feldman test sacral roots sable sacral somatic plexus Sabouraud agar sacral spinal cord segments Sabouraud dextrose agar sacral splanchnic nerve sac sacral vertebrae sac fungi sacred lotus sac of pollen sacred mushrooms of the Aztecs Saccharomyces cerevisiae sacroiliac joint sacciform recess sacro-iliac joint Saccopharynx lavenbergi sacro-iliac region saccular sacrospinous saccular stage sacrospinous ligament sacculations sacrotuberous ligament sacculations of the colon sacrovertebral junction saccule sacrum saclike sacs sacral sacs of synovial membrane sacral area sac-shaped sacral canal saddle joints 674 saddle structure saddle structure saline wet preparation saddle synovial joints saline wet-mount saddle-shaped salinity S-adenosylmethionine salinization SAF saliva SAF solution salivary SAFC technique salivary amylase safety hood salivary enzymes safflower oil salivary flow safranin salivary glands SAGE salivary secretion sagebrush salivate sagittal salivation sagittal maxillary growth Salk polio vaccine sagittal plane Salmonella enterica sagittal section Salmonella gastroenteritis sagittal sinus salmonellae sagittal suture salmonellar sagittal view salmonella-secreted invasion proteins salamander salmonellosis salamander-like salmonids salicylates salpingitis salicylic acid salpingopharyngeal fold salient salpingopharyngeus saline salpingopharyngeus muscle saline cathartics Salsola kali saline soil SALT saline solution salt and fluid balance 675 salt balance salt balance same-aged salt bridges sample salt buildup in the soil sample amplification salt concentration sample means salt glands sample site salt gradient sample size salt marshes sampled salt ponds sampling salt solution sampling design salt tolerance sampling error salt wasting sampling method salt water sampling periods saltation sampling regime saltational sampling site saltations sampling technique saltatory SAN saltatory conduction sand dollar salt-cured sand flea salt-friendly sand flea infestation Salticidae sand gobies saltier sand pine salt-losing form of adrenal hyperplasia sand wasp saltmarsh sandbars salts sandflies saltwater sandfly fever salty sandfly fever virus salty lakes sandpipers salvage therapy sandwich method 676 sandwich model sandwich model sarcoma sandy soil sarcoma viruses sandy appearance sarcomere sandy soil sarcophagids Sanger sequencing sarcoplasm sanger sequencing sarcoplasmic reticulum sanitation sarcopterygian fishes sanitation practices Sarcopterygii sap Sarcoptes mites sap of plants Sarcoptes scabiei saphenous nerve sarcoptic itch saphenous opening sarcotubular system saphenous ring Sarracenia purpurea saphenous ring in deep fascia SARS Sapindaceae SARS virus saplings sartorius muscle saprobic satellite bands saprophyte satellite cysts saprophytic satellite DNA saprophytic stage satellite DNA sequence saprotrophs satellite male sapwood satellite phenomenon saquinavir satellite RNAs SAR satellite sequences sarcocystosis satellite virus sarcoglycan satellites sarcoidosis satelliting sarcolemma satiated 677 satiety satiety scalded skin syndrome satiety center scale bar satiety factor scale of nature satin bowerbird scale-eating fish satisfy scalelike saturate scalene muscles saturated scalene tubercle scales saturated fats scales of cones saturated fatty acid scaling saturation scalp saucer-shaped scalp area saurischians, Saurischia scalp dermatitis saurischian scalp hair sauropods scalp proper scab scalp ringworm scabies scaly scabies crustosa scaly dermatitis scabies exanthema scaly skin inflammation scaffold scan scaffold proteins scanning electron micrograph scaffolding proteins scanning electron microscope scala media scanning tunneling microscope scala naturae scant scala tympani scanty scala vestibuli scaphoid scalae scaphoid abdomen scalation scaphoid bone 678 scaphoid fossa scaphoid fossa scent scapula scent marks scapular scented scapular nerve SCF scapular notch SCFAs scar Schaffer collateral scar formation Schaudinn fixative solution scar tissue Schaudinn smear scarce schematic scarcity schematic diagram scarification schematic representation scarified schematic view scarlatiniform rash scheme scarlet fever schistosoma scarlet fever enanthem schistosomal dermatitis scarlet fever exanthem schistosomal infections scarlet king snake schistosomal myeloradiculopathy Scarpa's fascia schistosomatid cercariae scarring schistosomes scat samples schistosomiasis scats schistosomosis scattered schistosomula scavenger schistosomulum scavenger cells schizocoely schizogenic scavenger receptor schizogonic cycle scavenging schizogony scavenging enzymes schizonticides 679 schizonts schizonts scleral spur Schlemm's canal scleral sulcus schooling behavior scleral venous sinus schooling fish sclereids Schüffner dots sclerenchyma Schuffner's dots sclerenchyma cells Schwalbe's line sclerenchyma tissue Schwann cells scleritis sciatic nerve scleroderma sciatica scleroproteins SCID sclerosant substance science writer sclerosing agent scientific sclerosing keratitis scientific approach sclerosing panencephalitis scientific creationism sclerosis scientific field sclerotia scientific inquiry sclerotic scientific name sclerotome scientific process SCNs scientific species name scnDNA scientifically SCN-generated cycles scientifically testable SCO scintillation counter scolex scintillation fluid scoliosis scion Scolopacidae sclera score sclerae of the eyes scores scleral icterus Scotch broom 680 scotochromogenic scotochromogenic scrotal area scotochromogens scrotal enlargement scout scrotal nerve scraggly scrotal sac scramble competition scrotal testes scrape scrotum scraped material scrub savanna scraper scrub typhus scrapie scurvy scrapie prion protein scutellum scrapie-like prion protein scutum scrapings scyphozoans scratch Scyphozoa scratch injury SDA scratch lesions SDS scratch reflex SDS gel electrophoresis screamers SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis screen SDS-PAGE screening Se screening methods sea screening out sea anemones screening procedures sea cucumbers screening test sea daisies screw pine sea fans screw-capped tube sea grasses screws in osteosynthesis sea level screw-shaped sea level changes Scrophulariaceae sea lilies 681 sea lions sea lions search sea of organic soup search image sea slugs search out sea spiders search sequence sea squirts seashore sea stars season sea turtle season of life sea urchin seasonal sea wasp seasonal affective disorder seabed seasonal changes in wind patterns seabed deposits seasonal drying seabird seasonal fluctuations seacoasts seasonal incidence SEA-E seasonal isolation seafloor seasonal reproduction seafloor habitat seasonal variations in day length seagrape seasonality of climate seagrass beds seasonally seal seasons seal bark cough seaway seal off seaweeds seal together seawolf sealant sebaceous gland secretions sealed sebaceous glands sealed environment sebum production sealed off second capillary bed sealed together second gap phase sealing zone second gene rearrangement 682 second hybrid generation second hybrid generation secondary defenses second intercostal interspace secondary drug second law of thermodynamics secondary endings second left intercostal space secondary endosymbiosis second left interspace secondary endosymbiotic event second meiotic division secondary feathers second messengers secondary foci second part of the duodenum secondary follicles second pharyngeal arch secondary granules second polar body secondary growth second premolar tooth secondary immune defects second right costal cartilage secondary immune response second set of capillaries secondary lymphatic organs second strand synthesis secondary lymphoid organs secondarily secondary lysosome secondary secondary meristems secondary active transport secondary metastatic spread secondary activities secondary mycelium secondary amenorrhea secondary oocyte secondary amino acid secondary palate secondary antibody secondary phloem secondary bile acids secondary plexuses secondary bronchi secondary productivity secondary cell wall secondary sex characteristics secondary compounds secondary sex ratio secondary consumers secondary sexual characteristics secondary curvatures secondary sources of infection secondary defects secondary spermatocyte 683 secondary structural elements secondary structural elements secretion channel secondary structural features secretion device secondary structure secretion from the cell secondary structure prediction secretion rate secondary succession secretion system secondary syphilis secretion system proteins secondary tissues secretions secondary to secretive secondary transcription factors secretomotor activity secondary tuberculosis secretomotor fibers secondary tympanic membrane secretomotor innervation secondary viremia secretory secondary vitreous secretory activity secondary wall secretory antibodies secondary xylem secretory cells secondary xylem cells secretory conjunctival surface secondary-booster response secretory diarrhea second-degree heart block secretory droplets second-messenger system secretory endometrium second-order secretory glands secosteroids secretory granules secretases secretory IgA secrete secretory immunity secreted proteins secretory immunoglobulins secretin secretory lobules secreting secretory membrane secreting cell secretory phase secretion secretory phase 684 secretory piece secretory piece seed dispersal secretory process seed dispersers secretory products seed dormancy secretory proteins seed ferns secretory vesicles seed germination section seed kernel secular migration seed leaves sedation seed plants sedative seed proteins sedative-hypnotic seed shape sedentary seed sprouting sedentary agriculture seed trap sedgeland seed-bearing sedges seed-bearing fruits sediment seed-bearing plants sediment deposition seed-eating sedimentary seed-eating bird sedimentary formations seeded sedimentary rock layers seedless sedimentary rocks seedless grapes sedimentation seedless plants sedimentation coefficient seedless vascular plants sedimentation rates seedling sediments seedling growth seed seedling trees seed coat seedlings seed cones seedpod seed development seed-shape character 685 seeing double seeing double segmented worms seep segment-specific seeping segment-specific patterning mechanisms segment segregate segment of DNA segregation segment of the pilin segregation advantage segment of the population segregation distortion segment polarity gene seize segmental seizure segmental branches seizures segmental bronchi select segmental duplication select against segmental ganglia select for segmental muscles selectable marker segmental overdistention selectable marker gene segmental spinal arteries selected segmentally selected against segmentation selected alleles segmentation contractions selected for segmentation genes selecting agent segmentation with specialization selectins segmented selection segmented band form selection for segmented body selection among alleles segmented body plan selection among genes segmented muscles selection among populations segmented musculature selection at the gametic stage segmented neutrophils selection at the level of genes 686 selection coefficient selection coefficient selective pressures selection differential selective process selection gradient selective regime selection line selective secretion selection plate selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors selection plateau selective supplements selection pressure selective sweep selection regime selective toxicity selectionist selective value selective selectively selective action selectively disadvantageous selective advantage selectively down-modulate selective agents selectively neutral selective breeding selectively neutral variation selective constraints selectively permeable selective culturing selectively replicated selective disadvantage selectivity selective environmental forces selectivity factor 1 selective factors selector gene selective force selenium selective forces selenocysteine selective growth mediums self selective indicator medium self antigens selective inhibition self peptides selective medium self-administer selective neutrality selective permeability self-adornment selective plate self-assemble selective pressure self-assembly 687 self-catalyze self-catalyze selfing rate self-cleavage selfing/clonal species self-cleave selfish self-cleaving selfish DNA self-cleaving activity selfish gene self-compatible selfish genetic element self-complementary selflessness self-conscious self-ligation self-control self-limited self-correcting self-limiting self-degradation self-maintenance functions self-destruct self-molecules self-destruction self-myelin antigens self-determinants self-peptides self-digestion self-perpetuating self-directed self-pollinate self-examination self-pollinated self-fertile self-pollination self-fertilization self-propagating self-fertilize self-proteins self-fertilize self-pruning self-incompatibility self-reactive self-incompatibility alleles self-reactivity self-incompatibility locus self-recognition self-incompatibility system self-recognition signaling cascade self-incompatible self-regulate selfing self-regulated metabolism selfing plants self-regulating 688 self-regulating whole self-regulating whole semen self-renewal semenogelin self-renewing semiaquatic self-replicating semi-aquatic self-replication semi-arid self-reproducing semi-automated self-sacrificing semiautonomous self-seal semicircular canal self-shading semicircular ducts self-splicing semicoma self-splicing semiconscious self-splicing reactions semiconservative self-stimulation semi-conservative mechanism self-sufficient semi-conservative model self-sustaining semiconservative replication self-terminate semi-conservative replication of DNA self-thinning semiconservatively self-tissue antigens semidesert self-tissues semi-discontinuous self-tolerance semidiscontinuous DNA replication self-treatment semi-discontinuous replication sella turcica semi-essential sellar semifluid SEM semiimmune semantic memory semi-independent semelparity semi-living semelparous semilog semen semilog plot 689 semilogarithmic plot semilogarithmic plot semispinalis semilunar bone semispinalis capitis muscle semilunar cusps semispinalis cervicis muscle semilunar cusps of the aortic valve semispinalis muscle semilunar fold semispinalis thoracis muscle semilunar valve closure semisynthetic semilunar valve regurgitation semitendinosus semilunar valve stenosis semitendinosus muscle semilunar valves semitendinosus tendon semimembranosus muscle semitropical seminal colliculus semi-variant seminal fluid Semliki Forest virus seminal receptacle send seminal vesicles send out seminiferous epithelium send up seminiferous tubule dysgenesis senesce seminiferous tubules senescence semipermanently senile dementia semipermeable senile plaques semipermissive cells sensation semipronated sensation of light semiquantitative sense semireflex sense DNA semireflex response sense of direction semisolid sense of self semisolid foods sense of self-awareness semispecies sense of smell semispecific myiasis sense of taste 690 sense organs sense organs sensory acuity sense primer sensory adaptation sense probe sensory area sense RNA strand sensory axon sense RNA transcript sensory bias sense strand sensory capsules sense viruses sensory cells sensed sensory cortex sense-RNA strands sensory data sense-strand genome sensory deficit sense-strand orientation sensory distortions sense-strand RNA viruses sensory equipment sense-strand ssRNA viruses sensory experiences sense-strand viruses sensory fibers sensilla sensory functions sensillum sensory ganglia sensitive sensory hair cells sensitive period sensory hairs sensitivity sensory information sensitization sensory innervation sensitization stage sensory input sensitized sensory loss sensor sensory modality sensor molecule sensory nerve cell bodies sensor proteins sensory nerve cells sensorium sensory nerve fibers sensorium sensory nerve supply sensory sensory nerves 691 sensory neuron endings sensory neuron endings separately inherited sensory neurons separateness sensory nuclei of the thalamus separate-sexed sensory organs separation sensory output separation of placenta sensory pathways separation of pulmonary and systemic circulations sensory physiology SEPEC sensory processing Sephardic sensory reception sepsis sensory receptor cells sepsislike illness sensory receptors septa sensory relay nuclei septal sensory retina septal activation sensory root septal area sensory stimulation septal branches sensory stimuli septal cusp of the tricuspid valve sensory structures septal myocardial infarction sensory system septal nuclei sensory tracts septal papillary muscle sensory transduction septal wall sensory transmission septate sensory unit septate connections sentinel septate hyphae sentinel behavior septic sepals septic abortion separate septic arthritis separated septic disease separately 692 septic E. coli pathovar septic E. coli pathovar sequence identity septic patients sequence information septic shock sequence ladder septicemia sequence motifs septicemic form of Erysipelothrix infections sequence of nucleotides septomarginal trabecula sequence of origin septum sequence polarity septum formation sequence repeats septum pellucidum sequence similarity septum transversum sequence similarity searching sequel sequence sites sequelae sequence specificity sequence sequence variants sequence alignment sequence variation sequence alignment score sequence variation within genes sequence analysis sequence variations in the DNA sequence changes sequence-based ecological studies sequence contiguity sequence-based relationships sequence data sequenced sequence databases sequencer sequence determination sequence-specific manner sequence differences sequence-specific regulatory protein sequence divergence sequencing sequence diversity sequencing center sequence elements sequencing gel sequence evolution sequencing ladder sequence fragments sequencing machine sequence homology sequencing of genes 693 sequencing of the genomes sequencing of the genomes seriously abnormal sequencing primer seriousness sequencing reaction seroconversion sequential serodiagnosis sequential Edman degradation serodiagnostic methods sequential epitope seroepidemiological sequential hermaphroditism seroepidemiology sequential manner serogroup sequentially serogrouping sequentially expressed serologic assay sequester serologic battery sequestration serologic differentiation Ser2 serologic events Ser5 serologic marker sera serologic panel serial analysis of gene expression serologic reference standard serial endosymbiosis serologic response serial specimens serologic test serial vaccination serologic testing serially serologic variant serially collected blood specimens serological serially homologous serological analysis series serological antibody assay serine serological antibody detection serine protease serological antibody test serine-threonine kinase serological data serious serological diagnosis serious malformations serological findings 694 serological investigation results serological investigation results serous acini serological results serous acinus serological scar serous demilune serological screening serous discharge serological reaction serous fluids serological test serous membrane serological testing serous pericardium serological variant serovar serologically serovar serology serovar classification seronegative serpentine seronegativity serpentine receptors seropositive serpentine soil seropositivity rates serpiginous seroprevalence serrated teeth seroprevalence rates serrations seroreactions serratus anterior muscle seroreversion serratus posterior inferior serosa serratus posterior superior serosal Sertoli cells serosanguineous serum serotonergic serum albumin serotonergic neurons serum amylase serotonergic system serum amyloid A serotonin serum antibodies serotype serum antibody detection serotyping serum bilirubin level serous serum Ca2+ 695 serum concentration serum concentration setting serum endoproteases settings serum hepatitis settle serum killing settling serum proteins sever serum resistance severe serum sickness severe acne serum therapy severe acute respiratory syndrome serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase severe anxiety serve severe clinical sesamoid bone severe clinical pictures sesquiterpenes severe combined immunodeficiency sessile severe combined immunodeficiency disease sessile leaves severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome set severe developmental abnormalities set aside severe drought set in severe extinction event set of chromosomes severe form set of fossils severe headache set of genes severe infection set of islands severe malaria tropica set point severe weather set up severely set up a PCR reaction severely affected set up the reaction severely diseased seta severity setae sex sets of species 696 sex allocation sex allocation sex steroids sex attractants sex-biased dispersal sex cells sex-biased gene flow sex change sex-determination system sex chromatin sex-determining genes sex chromosome abnormality sex-determining region of the Y sex chromosome constitution sex-determining region Y sex chromosome disorder sex-limited sex chromosome pattern sex-linked sex chromosomes sex-linked alleles sex cord cells sex-linked genes sex cords sex-linked markers sex determination sex-specific development sex development sex-specific marker sex differences sexual sex drive sexual ability sex hormone precursors sexual activity sex hormones sexual arousal sex linkage sexual behavior sex organs sexual communication sex partner sexual competition sex pheromones sexual conflict sex pili sexual contact sex pilus sexual cycle sex ratio sexual development sex ratio allocation sexual dimorphism sex ratio manipulation sexual drive sex reversal sexual excitement 697 sexual excitement phase sexual excitement phase sexuality sexual fructification sexually sexual function sexually acquired sexual heredity sexually active sexual intercourse sexually differentiated sexual isolation sexually dimorphic sexual life cycle sexually dimorphic pigmentation sexual maturation sexually immature sexual maturity sexually isolated sexual maturity sexually mature sexual monogamy sexually monomorphic sexual organs sexually receptive sexual performance sexually reproducing sexual practices sexually selected sexual precautions sexually selected traits sexual precocity sexually transmitted disease sexual promiscuity sexually transmitted infection sexual readiness sexually underdeveloped sexual reproduction sexy son hypothesis sexual response Sézary syndrome sexual response cycle SF sexual selection SF-1 sexual spores SFT sexual stage shade sexual stimulation shade avoidance sexual structure shade-avoiding plant sexual structures shade-tolerant sexual transmission shading 698 shady shady shared appearance shaft shared characteristics shaft fracture shared derived character shaft of a dendrite shared derived character states shaft of the penis shared electrons shaft of the tibia shared features shaggy shared features shakiness shared polymorphisms shaking chills shared traits shallow shared unequally shallow marine environment sharing shallow respiration shark-type tail shallow section sharp shallow water sharp eyesight shallow-water sharp image Shannon diversity sharp sight Shannon diversity index sharply Shannon index sharpness shape shear shape change shearing forces shaped sheath share sheath of myelin share a common ancestor sheath of the tail share a common ancestry sheathed share territory sheathed larval microfilariae shared sheathed microfilariae shared ancestors Sheather sugar flotation procedure shared ancestral characters shed 699 shedding Shiga toxin shedding shigalike shedding shigatoxin sheep erythrocytes shigellae sheep liver fluke shigellosis sheep tick shiitake sheet Shine-Dalgarno sequence sheet of cells shingles sheet structure shipworm sheetlike shivering sheets of fascia shivering thermogenesis shelf fungi shmoo shell shmoo formation shell of water shmoo projections shell plates shock shell vial assay shock absorber shell vials shoot shellac shoot apex shell-bearing shoot apical meristem shelled shoot branches shellfish shoot cuttings shell-less shoot dormancy shepherd's purse shoot system shield shoot tip shift shooting pain shift in the reading frame shorebird shift of position shoreline shifting dullness shoreline erosion 700 short short shortage short arm short-chain fatty acids short bones short-day plant short ciliary nerves short-distance short gastric veins short-distance signaling short hairpin RNA shorten short head shortening short in stature shortening heat short interfering RNAs shortening of DNA short interspersed elements shorter-lived short interspersed repeats shortgrass prairie short intracellular extension short-haired short labeled nucleic acids short-latency short left coronary artery short-lived short nucleic acid probes short-lived IgM response short plantar ligament short-necked short PR interval shortness short proteins shortness of breath short regimen short-night plant short RNA template sequences short-range short RNAs short-stemmed short rotators short-term short runs of base pairs short-term evolution short stature short-term memory short stretch short-term memory loss short tandem repeats short-winged condition short terminal duplications shot short-acting shotgun approach 701 shotgun sequencing shotgun sequencing shuffling shoulder shuffling gait shoulder blade shunt shoulder bones shunt lesions shoulder girdle shunt valves shoulder joint shunted back shoulder region shunting lesions shoulder structures shut show shut down shower of pollen shutoff phenomena showiness shutoff processes showy shuttle showy colors shuttle sequences shred shuttle vectors shrewlike Shwartzman reaction shrews Si shrink SI shrivel SI unit system shRNA SIADH shrub sialated glycoproteins shrub layer sialic acid shrub understory sialidase shrubby Siamese twins shrubby plants siblicide shrubland sibling shrubs sibling competition shuffle sibling species shuffled siblings 702 sick contacts sick contacts sieve tubes sick sinus syndrome sieve-tube elements sickle sieve-tube members sickle cell allele SIF cells sickle cell anemia sigma factor sickle cell disease sigmoid sickle cell traits sigmoid arteries sickle-cell polymorphism sigmoid colon sickled cells sigmoid mesocolon sickled red blood cells sigmoid sinus sickle-shaped sigmoidoscopic examination sickling sigmoidoscopy side sigmoidoscopy material side branch sign stimulus side branches signal side chain signal amplification side groups signal cascade side wall of the pelvis signal hypothesis side-chain cleavage enzyme signal mechanism side-necked turtles signal molecules siderophilic signal peptidase siderophore ferric signal peptide siderophores signal peptide cleavage side-step signal peptide sequence side-to-side head movements signal proteins side-to-side movements of the mandible signal reception sieve cells signal receptor protein sieve plates signal receptors 703 signal recognition particle signal recognition particle signaling-pathway kinases signal response signal-recognition particle RNA signal sequences signal-to-noise ratio signal strength signature signal termination signatures signal transducer significant signal transduction significant development signal transduction significant feature signal transduction pathway significantly signal transduction process signs signal transduction unit signs of a neurologic disorder signal-activated receptor SII signaling sildenafil citrate signaling between cells silence signaling by pheromones silenced signaling cascade silencer signaling genes silencing signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule silent signaling mechanism silent mutations signaling molecule-receptor complex silica signaling molecules silicates signaling networks Silicea signaling pathway silicon signaling process silicon dioxide signaling proteins silk signaling steps silk fibers signaling substances silk fibroin signaling system silk moth 704 silk-spinning glands silk-spinning glands simple diffusion silkworm simple epithelial cells silkworm moth simple epithelium silky anole lizard simple eyes silt simple food chain silty simple fruit Silurian simple fusion heterokaryotype Silurian period simple genetic control silver nitrate simple growth medium silver staining simple ions silverfish simple leaves silversides simple metabolism silversword simple nervous system simian virus simple nucleotide repeats simian virus 40 simple nutrient medium similar simple pistil similarity simple pulmonary eosinophilia similarity in position simple recessive trait similar-sized simple regulation simple simple repeat sites simple acid simple retrovirus simple base simple sacral dimples simple body plan simple salts simple brain simple sequence DNA simple circular situation simple sequence length polymorphism simple compound simple sequence repeats simple cyst simple sprain simple development simple squamous epithelium 705 simple staining simple staining single cotyledon simple staining technique single covalent bond simple sugars single digests simple tandem repeats single fracture simple tandem repeats single gene simple tissues single gene locus simple transport mediums single gene mutation simple transverse binary fission single locus simple twitch single lower jaw bone simpler single mutation simplest single nuclear division simplest formula single nucleotide polymorphisms simplification single origin simplified single pair of alleles simulate single photon emission tomography Sindbis virus single radial immunodiffusion SINEs single replicon DNA molecules sing single semilunar valve single single stomach single amino acid change single stool analysis single anterior spinal artery single strand of RNA single B epitope single stranded conformational polymorphism single base change single strand-specific nuclease single bonds single strand-specific S1 nuclease single cell protein single transverse palmar crease single cells single-base deletion single circuit of blood flow single-born infants single circulation 706 single-cell single-cell single-stranded random coil state single-cell proteins single-stranded region of the RNA single-celled single-stranded RNA genome single-celled protist single-stranded RNA viruses single-chain single-stranded template single-character cross singlet oxygen single-colored singleton birth single-copy chromosome regions singletons single-copy genes singly single-copy nuclear DNA sinistral single-crop agriculture sink single-cusped sink single-gene difference sink habitat single-lens eye sink inward single-lobed sink population single-locus effects sink tissues single-locus heterosis sinoatrial node single-locus polymorphisms sinu-atrial nodal branch single-locus trait sinuatrial node single-locus variation sinus single-pointed sinus arrhythmia single-positive sinus flushing fluid single-ring sinus lavage single-step sinus node single-strand binding protein sinus of venae cavae single-stranded sinus secretion single-stranded DNA sinus thrombosis single-stranded phage particles sinus tracts 707 sinus venosus sinus venosus sites of bone production sinusitis sites of genes sinusoidal sites of methylation of pre-rRNA sinusoids site-specific siphon site-specific DNA-binding proteins Siphonaptera site-specific integration siRNAs site-specific recombination sisomicin site-specific recombination system sister situs inversus totalis sister chromatid six-carbon sugar sister chromatid arms six-legged sister chromatid cohesion size sister groups size homoplasy sister species size markers sister taxa size of the offspring site size variation site for cleavage sized site for RNA polymerase skates site involved in allosteric regulation skatole site of antigen skeletal site of binding skeletal axis site of function skeletal development site of gravity perception skeletal dysplasia site of infection skeletal elements site of injection skeletal examination site of injury skeletal features site of photosynthesis skeletal fragments site-directed mutagenesis skeletal growth 708 skeletal malformations skeletal malformations skin biopsies skeletal maturation skin changes skeletal maturity skin color skeletal muscle skin contact skeletal muscle cells skin continuity skeletal muscle fibers skin crease skeletal musculature skin darkening skeletal plates skin elasticity skeletal reconstruction skin fold skeletal remains skin furrow skeletal rods skin glands skeletal spikes skin infections skeletal stability skin injuries skeletal structure skin lesion skeletal support skin lesion pus skeletal system skin lesion scrapings skeleton skin neoplasm skeleton-bearing skin on the medial aspect of the elbow Skene's glands skin oxygenation skilled skin penetration skilled at skin pigmentation skilled with skin pigmentation skin skin rash skin abnormalities skin ridges skin abscesses skin scrapings skin alterations skin snip preparations skin appendages skin snips skin associated lymphoid tissue skin tolerance 709 skin ulcers skin ulcers sleeping forms skin-breather sleeping sickness skin-covered sleep-producing centers skip sleep-state transition skull sleep-wake cycle skull base slender skull bones slice skull crest slide skull fracture slide agglutination skull radiograph slide agglutination test skull sutures slide preparation skull vault sliding skullcap sliding skunk cabbage sliding clamp SL1 sliding clamp loader slapped cheek syndrome sliding filament mechanism slapped-cheek appearance sliding filament model slash-and-burn agriculture sliding filaments slash-and-burn clearing of forests sliding force SLE sliding movement sleep apnea sliding-filament model of muscle contraction sleep centers slight sleep deprivation slight inputs of mechanical energy sleep disorders slightly sleep disturbances slightly acidic sleep movements slightly basic sleep spindles slightly deleterious mutations sleep/wake cycle slightly movable joints 710 slightly salty slightly salty slow virus agents slim disease slow viruses slime slower intellectual development slime bacteria slow-frequency slime glands slowly slime layer slowly adapting receptors slime molds slowly moving slimy slowly replicating sling fibers slow-moving slip slowness of movement slippage slow-oxidative fibers slipped structures slow-transmission slipped-strand mis-pairing slow-twitch fibers slippery slow-twitch oxidative fibers slit slow-wave sleep slit lamp slug slither sluggish slitlike sluglike aggregate S-locus system slugs slope slurred QRS complex sloping slurred speech slots on an agarose gel slurring of speech slough off Sm proteins slow SMA slow anterograde transport small slow block to polyspermy small airways slow fibers small arteries slow replication small bones in the middle ear 711 small bowel small bowel small RNAs small bowel mesentery small round-structured virus small calorie small saphenous vein small cardiac vein small stature small cell variants small subunit ribosomal RNA small chiasm glia small t-antigen small DNA viruses small tapeworm small G proteins small-effect mutations small intensely fluorescent cells smallest cardiac veins small interfering RNAs small-focus hemorrhages small intestine smallness small mandible small-population approach small molecule smallpox small motor nerve system smallpox virus small motor root small-ring forms small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex small-scale small nuclear ribonucleoproteins small-sized small nuclear RNA smartweed small nuclear RNA genes smear small nuclear RNP particles smear infection small nucleolar RNAs smear material small nucleolar RNPs smear preparation small of the back smear swab small omentum smell small polysaccharides Smith-Waterman algorithm small ribonucleoprotein particles smooth small RNA gene smooth bacteria small RNA molecules smooth cells 712 smooth cline smooth cline sno-RNAs smooth contraction SnoRNPs smooth endoplasmic reticulum snout smooth ER snow pack smooth muscle snowball Earth hypothesis smooth muscle cells snow-covered smooth muscle fibers snowfall smooth musculature snowfield smooth reticulum snowflake corneal opacity smooth-strain bacteria SNP genotypes smooth-surface caries SNPs smooth-surfaced reticulum snRNA SMR snRNA genes SMS snRNA molecules smut snRNP Sn snRNPs snail snRNP-specific proteins snail fever soak snakebite soapberry bugs snakelike soapberry family snakewood trees soapberry tree snapdragon social snappers social animals snapping shrimps social bees snapping turtle social behaviors SNARE proteins social breeding snatch social cooperation sneaker male 713 social foraging social foraging sodium hydroxide social groups sodium ions social insects sodium reabsorption social interaction sodium stibogluconate social learning sodium thioglycolate social mating system sodium thiosulfate social monogamy sodium-potassium pump social partner sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase social ranking sodoku socially soft socially breeding species soft bottom socially monogamous species soft chancre society soft palate sociobiologist soft selection sociobiology soft spot socket soft ticks SOD soft tissue injury sod soft tissue mound sodium soft tissue swelling sodium acelate-acetic acid-formalin soft tissue trauma sodium acetate soft tissues sodium acetate formalin soft-bodied sodium bicarbonate soft-tissue infections sodium channels soft-tissue inflammation sodium chloride softwood sodium chloride solution soil sodium deoxycholate soil air sodium dodecyl sulfate 714 soil amendment soil amendment solar power soil bacteria solar radiation soil chemistry solar system soil compaction solar tracking soil conditioner solar-powered soil conservation sole of the foot soil degradation soleal line soil erosion solenoid soil erosion by wind Solenopsis invicta soil fertility soleus muscle soil formation sol-gel transformation soil horizon solid soil management solid form soil nutrients solid growth medium soil organisms solid immunity soil particles solid joints soil pH solid medium soil remediation solid organs soil salinization solid phase soil solution solid phase hybridization soil water solid phase test soil-dwelling bacteria solid surface soil-transmitted nematodes solid tumor Solanaceae solid tumors Solanum carolinense solidification solar energy solidified lava solar heat solidify solar irradiation solid-phase immunoassay 715 solids solids somatic cell division solipeds somatic cells solitary somatic chromosomes solitary existence somatic division solitary lymphatic nodules somatic growth solitary tract nuclei somatic meristems solstice somatic motor efferents solubility somatic motor fibers solubilization somatic motor function soluble somatic musculature soluble cytokine receptors somatic mutation soluble proteins somatic nerve plexus solute somatic nerves solute concentration somatic nervous system solute matter somatic O polysaccharide solute molecules somatic part solute potential somatic plexus solute state somatic point mutations solution somatic receiving area solvent somatic sensation solvent ions somatic sensory afferents solvent molecules somatic sensory area I solvent-exposed somatic sensory area II soma somatic sensory fibers somatesthetic defects somatic sensory receptors somatesthetic information somatic system somatic somatic touch pathways somatic afferent nerves somatomedins 716 somatosensory somatosensory soreness somatosensory area sorghum somatosensory cortex sori somatosensory information Soricidae somatosensory input sort somatosensory receptors sort out somatostatin sorting somatosympathetic reflex sorus somatotrope cells SOS response somatotrope tumor sound waves somatotropes sounded somatotropin sounds of Korotkoff somite cells that become mesenchymal sour receptor somites source somnambulist source habitat somnolence source population somnolent South American blastomycosis songbird South American lungfish sonication Southern and Northern blotting sonogram Southern blot soor Southern blot hybridization sophisticated Southern blotting sorbitol Southern blotting technique sore southern corn leaf blight sore chest southern man apes sore throat sow bugs soredia soybeans soredium sp. 717 SP1 box SP1 box spastic neurogenic bladder space spastic paralysis space of Disse spastic paraparesis space-filling model spasticity space-occupying spasticity of spinal cord injury spacer sequences spatial arrangement spacers spatial arrangement spacing spatial co-option spacing spatial difference spacing pattern spatial distribution spadefoot toad spatial environment span spatial expression patterns Spanish moss spatial facilitation sparfloxacin spatial learning sparganosis spatial organization sparganum spatial orientation sparganum larvae spatial pattern sparse spatial relations sparse vegetation spatial scale sparsely settled areas spatial separation sparsely forested spatial skills Spartina spatial summation spasmodic spatial variation spasmodic abdominal pains spatial visualization spasmodic contraction spatially spasmogens spatiotemporal spasms spawn spastic muscle spawning 718 spawning grounds spawning grounds species evenness spawning population species hitchhiking spawning site species interactions SPE species level special species longevity special diagnostics species loss special features species loss due to fusion special laboratory species name special precautions species of a community specialist predators species richness specialization species selection specialized species transplants specialized breeding area species-area curve specialized cell species-incompatible specialized cells species-rich community specialized medium species's name specialized transduction species-specific speciate species-specific differences speciation species-specific gene sequencing speciation event species-specific primers speciation process species-specific sequence species specific species barriers specific absorption time species' center of origin specific antibody response species composition specific binding protein species differences specific coevolution species diversity specific drug treatment species equilibrium specific dynamic action 719 specific epithet specific epithet specificity specific functional regions specificity of function specific gene expression specify specific heat specify the amino acid sequence specific heat of water specimen specific immune defense factors specimen background specific immune defenses specimen material specific immune mechanisms specimen sampling specific immune response specks specific immunity spectinomycin specific pairing spectra specific probability of survival spectral specific proteins spectrin specific resistance spectrophotometer specific side chain spectrophotometrically specific surface antigen variety spectroscopic specific therapy spectroscopically specific tolerance induction spectrum specific transcription factors spectrum of action specific viral antigenicity spectrum of activity specifically speech articulation area specifically expressed speech generation specifically reacting speech understanding specifically target speed up specifically targeted speedy specification spell specification of body parts Spence's tail specificities spend the winter 720 sperm sperm spermatic plexus sperm binding spermatic veins sperm carrying the Y chromosome spermatid sperm cells spermatocidal sperm competition spermatogenesis sperm competitive ability spermatogenic epithelium sperm ducts spermatogonia sperm entry spermatogonium sperm flagellum spermatozoa sperm fusion spermatozoon sperm gamete recognition protein sperm-bearing sperm head sperm-egg recognition sperm mitochondrion spermicidal sperm motility spermicide sperm nucleus spermidine sperm nucleus entry spermine sperm nutrient sperm-killing sperm packet sperm-laden sperm penetration of the ovum spew sperm protein sphagnum moss sperm protein lysin sphagnum mosses sperm receptor S-phase sperm structure Sphenodonta sperm tail sphenoid bone spermatheca sphenoid sinus spermathecae sphenomandibular ligament spermatic arteries sphenopalatine artery spermatic cord sphenopalatine foramen 721 sphenopalatine fossa sphenopalatine fossa sphingomyelinase C sphenopalatine ganglion sphingosine sphenopalatine notch sphingosylphosphorylcholine sphenoparietal sinus sphygmomanometer sphenoparietal suture spicules sphenopsid tree spicules of silicon sphenosquamous suture spider angiomas sphere spider mites spherical spiders spherical particles spigelian hernia spherical structures spike spherical-to-oval spike duration spherocytic spike mosses spheroplasts spike potential spheroproteins spike potential of the neuron spherules spiked sphincter spikelike sphincter ani externus spikes sphincter muscle of iris spill out sphincter of ampulla spin sphincter of Oddi spina bifida sphincter pupillae spina bifida occulta sphincter pupillae muscle spinal sphincter urethrae spinal accessory nerve sphincter urethrovaginalis spinal cord sphincterotomy spinal cord level sphingolipids spinal cord meninges sphingomyelin spinal cord neurons 722 spinal cord tumor spinal cord tumor spinalis muscle spinal dura mater spinalis thoracis muscle spinal dysraphism spindle spinal excitatory endings spindle apparatus spinal fluid spindle checkpoint spinal fusion spindle discharge spinal ganglion spindle formation spinal meninges spindle forms spinal motor neurons spindle microtubules spinal muscular atrophy spindle poles spinal myoclonus spindle sensitivity spinal nerve spindle-shaped spinal nerves spindly spinal neurons spine spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve spine of sphenoid spinal pia mater spine of the ischium spinal reflex activity spine of the scapula spinal reflexes spine of the sphenoid spinal roots spinelike spinal segments spine-shaped spinal shock spinnerets spinal stenosis spinocerebellum spinal vasopressor reflexes spinoglenoid notch spinal voiding reflex spinothalamic spinalis spinothalamic tract spinalis capitis muscle spinotransversales muscles spinalis cervicis spinous process spinalis cervicis muscle spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae 723 spiny anteaters spiny anteaters spiral-shaped spiny projection neurons spiral-shelled snails spiny sharks spiramycin spiny skin spirilla spiny stellate cells spirillary rat bite fever spiny-finned spirillum spiny-headed worms spiritual inspiration spiracles spirochetal infections spiral around spirochete bacteria spiral arrangement spirochetes spiral arteries spittle bugs spiral cleavage splanchnic spiral fold splanchnic nerves spiral ganglion splanchnic veins spiral lamina splanchnocranium spiral ligament splay spiral line spleen spiral organ spleen capsule spiral pattern spleen cells spiral phyllotaxy splenectomized patient spiral prominence splenectomy spiral valve splenic spiral winding splenic artery spiraled splenic cords spiraling splenic enlargement spirally arranged splenic flexure spirally coiled splenic hilum spirally shaped splenic macrophages 724 splenic marginal dendritic cells splenic marginal dendritic cells splicing patterns splenic peliosis splicing process splenic rupture splicing reaction splenic sinuses splicing step splenic swelling splinter hemorrhages splenic vein splintered splenic venules split splenic vessels split apart splenius capitis split genes splenius cervicis muscle split in half splenius colli split into splenohepatomegaly split leaf philodendron splenomegaly split off splenorenal ligament split open splenorenal shunt split up splenorenal shunt procedure split vaccines splice out split-brain effect splice sites splitting spliced splitting apart spliced into splitting of bacterial murein spliced together splitting of the second sound spliced upstream splitting off spliceosomes splitting process splicing spoilage splicing buffer spoiled splicing factors spondylolisthesis splicing out spongelike splicing out of introns sponges 725 spongiform encephalopathies spongiform encephalopathies spore case spongiform vacuoles spore detection spongin spore formation spongocoel spore formers spongy spore forms spongy body spore heat resistance spongy bone spore mother cells spongy layer spore production spongy mesophyll spore stain spongy mesophyll cells spore test spongy urethra spore wall spontaneous spore-bearing spontaneous abortion spore-bearing plants spontaneous doubling of chromosomes spore-forming spontaneous generation spore-forming bacteria spontaneous hemorrhaging spore-laden dust spontaneous induction spores spontaneous mutation sporicidal spontaneous reaction sporicidal action spontaneously sporicidal activity spontaneously abort sporicide spontaneously aborted sporing spontaneously generated sporoblasts spool sporocysts sporadic fatal insomnia sporocytes sporangia sporogenesis sporangiospores sporogenous cells sporangium sporogony 726 sporonts sporonts spotty exanthem sporophyll spotty pigmentation sporophyte spp. sporophyte generation spray sporophyte plant spray disinfection sporophyte stage spray-freezing sporophytic self-incompatibility sprays sporoplasm spread sporopollenin spread apart sporotrichosis spread around sporozoan dihydrofolate reductase spreading sporozoites Sprengel's shoulder sport fish spring ligament sport hunters spring out sporulate spring peeper frog sporulated spring turnover sporulation spring-summer meningoencephalitis spot springtails spots of color springwood spotted sprinting spotted fever sprout spotted rash sprouting spotted salamander sprouts spotted sandpiper spruce spotted towhee spumavirus spotting spur spotty spurt spotty dermal depigmentations sputnik 727 sputum sputum ssDNA antisense strand sputum induction ssDNA circles squalene ssDNA sense strand squamates, Squamata S-shaped squamocolumnar cells S-shaped growth curve squamocolumnar junction SSLP squamosal bone ssRNA squamotympanic fissure ssRNA viruses squamous SSS squamous cell carcinoma ST segment squamous epithelial cells ST segment elevation squamous epithelium St. Louis encephalitis squamous part stab squamous part of occipital bone stab wound squamous suture stability square-shaped stability of temperature squeeze stability of the hybrid zone squidlike cephalopods stability period squirrel monkeys stabilizer SR stabilizing agent SRP stabilizing forces SRP receptor stabilizing selection SRP RNA stable SRSV stable against ss stable heritability SSB protein stable hybrid zone SSCP stable isotope ssDNA stable pH 728 stable transfection stable transfection stagnant hypoxia stably stain stably transfected stain iodine complex staccato cough stainable stack stained stacked stained preparations stacked closely together staining stacked on each other staining according to Weber stacking staining acid-fast stacking interactions staining intensity stacking interactions between the base pairs staining pattern stacking of the base pairs staining procedure staff health checks staining technique stage stair step survivorship curve stage of arrest stake out stage of determination stake out a territory stage of labor stalk stages of sleep stalked stage-specific stalked echinoderms staggered stalled ribosomes staggered cut stallion staggered interaction stamen staghorn coral staminate flowers staghorn fern stance limb stagnant stand stagnant anoxia standard bell curve stagnant blood standard bicarbonate concentration stagnant blood flow standard blood agar plate 729 standard calorie standard calorie staple diet standard conditions star anise standard curve starch standard deviation starch gel electrophoresis of allozymic proteins standard limb leads starch grains standard metabolic rate starch granules standard of living starch-containing standardization starfish standing bodies of water staring spells standing body of water starling standing water Starling's law of the heart standing-water ecosystems start standoff start and stop signals stapedius muscle start and stop sites for transcription stapes start codon stapes footplate start of transcription staphylococcal start point staphylococcal catalase start signal staphylococcal enterotoxins A-E start site staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome starter amino acid staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome starting staphylococci starting hypothesis staphylococci penicillinases starting material Staphylococcus aureus starting point staphylococcus enterotoxins starting position staphylokinase starting template staple starvation staple crops 730 starved starved statistics of populations stasis statoblasts STAT proteins statoconia state statocyst state of awareness statoliths state of health stator state of optimal fluidity status state of permanent equilibrium status epilepticus state of shock stave off state of torpor stavudine static stay alive static fusiform axons STD static phenotype steady static postural reflex steady state static reflexes steady-state conditions static response steal statins steaming stationary stearic acid stationary growth phase steatorrhea stationary life steatosis stationary phase steep stationary-phase culture steep cline stationary-phase growth steeply stationed steepness statistical inference steer statistical measures stegosaurs statistical parsimony network stele statistically consistent stellar explosions 731 Stellaria media Stellaria media stenosed stellate cells stenosis stellate ganglion stenotic stellate macrophages Stensen duct stem stent stem branches stent placement stem cell step stem cell disease step cline stem cell factor steppe stem cell research stepping stem cell therapy stepping-stone manner stem cuttings steps of sugar breakdown stem group stepwise breakdown stem length stepwise mutation model stem loop with the tetraloop sequence UGUU steranes stereochemical stem of a bean seedling stereocilia stem of the hairpin stereognosis stem pith stereoisomers stem rust stereomicroscope stem tip stereoscopic vision stem tissue stereoview stemlike steric stem-loop sterilant stem-loop structure sterile stem-loop stucture sterile conditions stems and loops sterile tube stenohaline sterility 732 sterility effect sterility effect steroid hormone receptor transcription factors sterilization steroid hormone receptors sterilization agent steroid hormones sterilization method steroid synthesis sterilization process steroid therapy sterilize steroid-derived sterilized steroidogenic acute regulatory protein sterilizing method steroids sternal angle steroid-secreting cells sternal keel sterol carrier protein sternal retractions sterol types sternebrae sterols sternoclavicular stethoscope sternoclavicular joint stichocytes sternocleidomastoid muscle stick sternocostal stick insects sternocostal joints stickleback sternocostal ligaments stickleback fish sternohyoid muscle sticky sternopericardial ligament sticky ends sternopleural stiff elbow, wrist, and finger joints sternopleurals stiff-man syndrome sternopleuron stiffness sternothyroid muscle stiffness in neck sternum stigma steroid stigmata steroid antibiotic stigmatic steroid factor-1 733 Still murmur Still murmur stinging nematocysts stillbirth stinging organelles stillborn stinging sensation stiltlike stingray stimulant stipe stimulant drugs stipules stimulate stirrup stimulation stochastic stimulation frequency stock stimulation of the immune system stock enhancement stimulatory stock enhancement programme stimulatory culture stocked with stimulatory G protein stockpile stimulatory pathway stocky stimuli stoichiometry stimuli from outside the body stolons stimuli from within the body stoma stimuli in their environment stomach acids stimulus stomach antrum stimulus artifact stomach biopsies stimulus energy stomach inflammation stimulus intensity stomach irritation stimulus molecule stomach lining biopsies sting stomach tissues stinger stomach ulcers stinging stomal varices stinging cells stomata stinging irritants stomatal 734 stomatal movements stomatal movements storage depots stomatal opening and closing storage diseases stomatal pores storage granules stomatitis storage material stone storage organ stone centipede storage polysaccharides stone fruit storage product stone plants storage proteins stonecrop family storage roots stones in the prostate gland storage site stones in the renal collecting system storage stem stoneworts storage stems stony corals storage tissues stony wall store stool stores stool examination stored stool examination techniques stored fats stool filtrate stored food stool sample store-operated Ca2+ channels stool smear storey stool specimen storey of vegetation stooping story stop stout stop codon STR analysis stop codon UAG of the mRNA strabismus stop signal straight storage straight arteries storage cells straight shape 735 straight sinus straight sinus stratified squamous epithelium straight-line evolution stratigraphic strain stratospheric ozone strain typing stratospheric ozone depletion strained stratospheric ozone layer strain-specific stratospheric ozone thinning stramenopiles stratum Stramenopila stratum basale strand stratum corneum strand breakage reaction stratum functionale strand breaks stratum granulosum strand of DNA stratum granulosum epidermis strand separation stratum spinosum stranded straw mushroom strands of bone streak strands of vascular tissue streak gonad syndrome strand-specific DNA probes streak gonads strand-specific probes stream strand-specific RNA probes stream banks strangling roots streambed strangulation of the hernia streamflow strap muscles streamline strata streamline flow strategy streamlined stratification street virus stratified strength stratified distribution Strength-duration curve stratified epithelium strengthen 736 strengthened strengthened stress hormone strengthening stress proteins strenuous stressed infant strenuous activity stressful stimuli strenuous exercise stressors strenuous muscle exertion stress-response genes strep throat stretch streptavidin stretch of a river streptobacilli stretch of a strand streptococcal stretch of the muscle streptococcal groups stretch out streptococcal necrotizing myositis stretch reception streptococcal pharyngitis stretch receptors streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin stretch reflex streptococcal sore throat stretchable streptococcal tonsillitis stretched streptococci stretched out straight Streptococcus pneumoniae stretching streptogramins stretch-sensitive streptokinase stria terminalis streptolydigin stria vascularis streptolysin striae Streptomyces striatal streptomycin striated streptomycin and related antibiotics striated border stress striated duct stress analgesia striated muscle stress fracture striated muscle fibers 737 striated musculature striated musculature stripped-down striations strobili striatum strobilus strict aerobes stroke strict intracellular microbes stroke victims strict pathogens stroke volume strictly aerobic stroma strictly anaerobic stroma strictly monogamous stromal cells strictures stromatolite ecosystems stridor stromatolite reefs strike stromatolites striking strong string strong acid string of amino acids strong base string of beads strong electrolytes string test strong genetic component stringency strong hairpin stringency of the hybridization strong promoter stringent strong pulse of voltage change stringent conditions strong recipient transplantation antigens stringently strong social organization striosomes strong transplantation antigens strip stronger strip mine strong-flying strip off strongly stripe strongly acidic stripe of expression strongly deleterious 738 strongly exergonic strongly exergonic structural features strongly helix-forming residues structural formula strongly swimming structural framework strongly swimming nekton structural genes strong-smelling agents structural genomics Strongyloides structural isomers Strongyloides stercoralis structural level strongyloidiasis structural lipids strongyloidosis structural materials STRs structural model of DNA structural structural motif structural abnormalities structural order structural adaptations structural patterns structural analogs structural polysaccharides structural backbone structural protein structural bioinformatics structural rearrangement of chromosomes structural changes structural similarities structural characteristics structural support structural chemical formula structural unit structural comparisons structural viral proteins structural complexity structural-functional structural components structurally structural data structurally complex structural differences structurally different structural disruption structurally similar structural elements structurally weak structural epitope structure structural evidence structured 739 structures structures style structures for locomotion stylet structures of the plant stylettelike struggle for existence styloglossus muscle struvite stylohyoid ligament strychnine stylohyoid muscle stubbornly adherent styloid process stubby stylomandibular ligament studded stylomastoid foramen studies stylopharyngeus muscle studies of DNA sequences subacromial studies of evolution subacromial bony spurs study subacromial bursa study area subacromial subdeltoid bursa study of life subacute study participants sub-acute AIDS encephalitis stuffer fragment subacute sclerosing panencephalitis stump subalpine stumpy subaponeurotic layer of the scalp stun subarachnoid cisterns stunt subarachnoid hemorrhage stunted growth subarachnoid space stunting subarachnoidal stupor subarctic sturdy subatomic particles sturgeon sub-bituminous coal Sturge-Weber syndrome subbranches stye subcanopy trees 740 subcapsular epithelium subcapsular epithelium subcortical subcapsular sinus subcostal subcecal subcostal artery subcellular subcostal nerve subcellular compartments subcostal plane subcellular entities subcostal vessels subcellular infectious entities subculture subcellular localization subcutaneous subcellular location subcutaneous connective tissue subcellular region subcutaneous edema subcellular structure subcutaneous emphysema subchondral cyst formation subcutaneous fat depots subchondral cysts subcutaneous hemorrhage subclass subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa subclavian artery subcutaneous inguinal ring subclavian pinch-off syndrome subcutaneous mycoses subclavian trunk subcutaneous prepatellar bursa subclavian vein subcutaneous tissue subclavian veins subcutaneous tissue necrosis subclavius subcuticular subclavius muscle subcutis subclinical subdeltoid bursa subcloned subdermal subcloning subdermal nodules subcloning experiment subdermal tissues subcommissural organ subdiaphragmatic gas subconjunctival hemorrhage subdiaphragmatic structures subconscious level subdiscipline 741 subdivide subdivide subgaleal hemorrhage subdivided populations subgenomic subdivision subgenus subdominant subgingival spaces subducted subglottal swelling subduction subglottic area subduction trench subglottic narrowing subdue subglottic space subdued subgroup subdural subgroupings subdural empyema subhepatic recess subdural hematoma subiculum subendocardial subject subendocardial plexus of conduction cells subject of science subendocardial plexus of the Purkinje fibers subject to subendocardially subjected to subendothelial subjective symptoms subepithelial sublayer subepithelial lamellar fibers sublethal subepithelial space subliminal fringe subepithelially sublingual subequatorial sublingual caruncule suberin sublingual fold subfamily sublingual fossa subfield sublingual gland subfornical organ sublingual papilla subfreezing temperature subluxation subfunctionalization submandibular 742 submandibular duct submandibular duct suboccipital triangle submandibular fossa sub-optimal submandibular ganglion suboptimal environment submandibular gland suborder submandibular nodes subordinate submandibular salivary glands suboscines, suboscine birds submandibular triangle subperiodic submarine subpharyngeal submaxillary duct subphrenic submaxillary ganglion subphrenic recess submaxillary gland subphrenic spaces submental subphyla submental nodes subphylum submental triangle subpleural submerged subpolar low sub-microscopic subpopliteal recess submucosa subpopulation submucosal subpopulation heterozygosity submucosal connective tissue subretinal fluid submucosal plexus subretinal space submucosal plexuses subscapular artery submucous muscle subscapular fossa submucous nerve plexus subscapular nodes submucous plexus subscapularis muscle submuscular subscript subneutralizing subscript number subnormal period subsequent suboccipital muscles subserosa 743 subserous subserous substitution mutation subset substrate subside substrate binding subsidiary cells substrate feeders subsistence agriculture substrate molecule subsistence farmers substrate mycelia subsoil substrate profile subsong substrate protein subspecialty substrate specificity subspecies substrate-level phosphorylation substance substratum substance of inheritance subsynovial substance of the parotid gland subsynovial intra-articular ring substance P subsystem substances of nutritional value subtalar joint substances that attract subtaxa substantia gelatinosa subtendinous bursa of subscapularis substantia nigra subterranean substantia propria subthalamic nucleus substantial subthreshold substantial amounts subthreshold stimuli substantially subtilisin substernal chest pain subtract substernal distress subtracted cDNA library substernal pain subtraction angiogram substituent subtraction angiography substitute subtractive cloning substitution subtropical 744 sub-tropical high sub-tropical high succinate dehydrogenase subtropics succinate-ubiquinone reductase subtype succinic acid subunit succinic dehydrogenase subunits succinic semialdehyde subunit interactions succinyl-CoA subunit sequence succulent subunit vaccine succulents suburban suck suburban development suckers subvalvular stenosis sucking disc subviral agents sucking disks subviral pathogens sucking lice subzero temperature sucking motions subzonal sperm insertion sucking mouthparts succeed sucking reflex success rate suckle successful sucrase successful reproduction sucrose successfully suction successfully interbreed suction cups succession sudden infant death syndrome succession sudden oak death successional changes suffer successional processes sufferer successional stage suffering successive suffering from succinate sufficient viremia 745 suffocate suffocate sulcus sugar sulcus terminalis cordis sugar and protein culture sulfa drugs sugar concentration in the blood sulfadiazine sugar hydroxyl groups sulfamethoxazole sugar moiety sulfate sugar molecules sulfate esters sugar polymers sulfate groups sugar production sulfate ions sugar ring sulfated sugar sink sulfated naphthylamidine sugar source sulfation sugar substitute sulfation reagent sugar subunit sulfhydryl group sugar sucrose sulfides sugar units sulfonamides sugar-phosphate backbone sulfonphthalein dye sugar-phosphate chain sulfonylurea sugar-phosphate unit sulfur sugary foods sulfur bacteria sugary nectar sulfur dioxide sugary solution sulfur granules suicide gene sulfur isotope data suitable sulfur oxides suite sulfuric acid suited for summary reaction suitor summation sulci summed 746 summer diarrhea summer diarrhea supercoiled topology summerwood supercoiling summing supercoiling of DNA sumoylation supercoiling of the genome Sun herbs supercoiling process sunburn supercontinent sunburned supercooled state sundews superfamily sunfish super-fast muscles sunflower family superficial sunken superficial back muscles sunlight superficial branch sunlit superficial circumflex iliac artery sunny superficial dorsal veins of the penis sun's radiation superficial epigastric artery sun's ultraviolet radiation superficial external pudendal artery sun-sensitive superficial face sunspot activity superficial fascia superantigen superficial fascia superbug superficial fatty layer superciliary arches superficial fibular nerve superclass superficial glomeruli supercoil superficial group supercoiled superficial inguinal glands supercoiled DNA superficial inguinal ring supercoiled independently superficial lamina of the investing layer of cervical fascia in the neck supercoiled state superficial layer supercoiled structure 747 superficial lymph nodes superficial lymph nodes superior cerebellar arteries superficial pain superior cerebellar peduncle superficial palmar branch superior cerebellar veins superficial perineal fascia superior cervical ganglion superficial perineal pouch superior colliculi superficial skeletal muscles superior colliculus superficial temporal artery superior conjunctival fornix superficial temporal vein superior constrictor superficial transverse metatarsal ligaments superior costal facet superficial transverse perineal muscle superior dental plexus superficial transverse perineal muscles superior epigastric artery superficial veins superior epigastric vessels supergroup superior fitness superhelical superior fornix superhelicity superior fornix of the conjunctiva superimpose superior frontal gyrus superimposed superior gluteal superinfected superior gluteal artery superinfecting superior gluteal nerve superinfection superior hemiazygos vein superior superior hypogastric plexus superior alveolar nerve superior hypophysial arter superior alveolar plexus superior labial artery superior articular process superior laryngeal artery superior auricular superior laryngeal nerve superior auricular muscle superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm superior border of the pons superior left bronchial artery superior cardiac nerves superior lobe 748 superior longitudinal muscle superior longitudinal muscle superior rectus muscle superior margin of the scapula superior root of the ansa cervicalis superior mediastinum superior sagittal sinus superior mesenteric artery superior salivary nucleus superior mesenteric ganglion superior salivatory nucleus superior mesenteric nodes superior subscapular nerve superior mesenteric vein superior suprarenal arteries superior mesenteric vessels superior supraspinous fossa superior nuchal line superior tarsal muscle superior oblique muscle superior tarsus superior olives superior temporal fornix superior ophthalmic vein superior temporal gyrus superior orbital fissure superior thoracic aperture superior part of tentorium cerebelli superior thoracic artery superior part of the duodenum superior thyroid artery superior peduncle superior thyroid tubercle superior petrosal sinus superior thyroid vein superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle superior transverse scapular ligament superior phrenic arteries superior trunk superior phrenic vein superior vena cava superior pole of the right kidney superior vesical artery superior poles of the kidneys superior view superior pubic ligament superior wall of the inguinal canal superior pubic ramus superiority superior ramus of the pubic bone superiorly superior raphe nuclei supernatant superior rectal artery supernatant broth superior rectal vein supernatural 749 supernatural intervention supernatural intervention supplement supernormal period supplementary motor area supernormal stimuli supplementation supernova supplemented carbon dioxide supernumerary kidney supplemented with supernumerary teeth supply superolateral view support superomedially support cells superorder support cells superorganism support columns superoxide and hydroxy 1 radicals support services superoxide anions supporting superoxide dismutase supporting cells superoxide radicals supporting cells superoxides supporting framework supersaturated supporting internal framework superscript supporting medium supersecondary structure supportive adjunct superspecies supportive care supertasters supportive measures supinate supportive therapy supination suppress supinator crest suppressant supinator muscle suppressed supine suppression supine position suppression of cellular immunity supine positioning suppressive supplant suppressive effect 750 suppressive prophylaxis suppressive prophylaxis supramaximal stimuli suppressor supramolecular structure suppressor cells supranormal level suppressor gene supraoptic suppressor strip supraorbital suppressor T cells supraorbital artery suppuration supraorbital foramen suppurative supra-orbital nerve suprachiasmatic supra-orbital notch suprachiasmatic nuclei supraorbital ridges suprachiasmatic nucleus supraorbital vein suprachoroidal space suprapatellar bursa supraclavicular suprapleural membrane supraclavicular area suprapubic supraclavicular fossae suprapubic bladder puncture supraclavicular nerves suprarenal supraclavicular region of the shoulder suprarenal gland supracondylar fracture suprarenal glands supracondylar line suprarenal vasculature supracristal plane suprarenal vein supraduodenal artery suprascapular supraepicondylar ridge of the humerus suprascapular artery supraglenoid tubercle suprascapular foramen supraglottic tissues suprascapular nerve suprahyoid suprascapular notch suprahyoid muscles suprascapular vein supramastoid crest suprasegmental supramaximal stimulation suprasellar cysts 751 supraspinal supraspinal surface and deep yeast mycoses supraspinatous fossa surface antigens supraspinatus fossa surface area supraspinatus muscle surface area for digestion supraspinatus tendinopathy surface bodies of water supraspinatus tendon surface capillarity supraspinous fossa surface cells supraspinous ligament surface coat suprasternal notch surface disinfection suprasternal retraction surface ectoderm suprasystemic resistance surface efflorescences supratemporal surface epithelium supratrochlear surface glycocalyx supratrochlear artery surface glycoprotein component supratrochlear nerve surface ice supravaginal portion surface Ig supravalvular aortic stenosis surface infection supraventricular surface inoculation method supraventricular tachycardia surface leaves supreme intercostal artery surface lectins sural surface litter sural artery surface markers sural nerve surface MHC complex suramin surface molecules surangular surface mucosal cells surf surface mycoses surface surface nocardiosis surface anatomy surface ocean currents 752 surface ocean waters surface ocean waters surgical chemoprophylaxis surface ozone surgical debridement surface projections surgical hand disinfection surface protein adhesins surgical implants surface protein genes surgical instruments surface proteins surgical material surface runoff surgical measures surface structures surgical neck surface temperature of the body surgical neck of the humerus surface tension surgical procedure surface tubules surgical removal surface water s surgical service personnel surface wound surgical shock surface-active agents surgical site surface-area-to-volume ratio surgical theater surface-coating surgical wound infections surface-dwelling phytoplankton surgically surface-exposed protein surplus surface-living surrogate mother surface-to-volume ratio surrounding edema surfactant surroundings surfactant compounds surveillance investigation surfactant protein B gene survey surge survival surgeonfish survival curve surgery survival mechanism surgical survival of the fittest surgical anastomosis survival rate 753 survival value survival value sustain survival-related functions sustainable survive sustainable agriculture survive to adulthood sustained survive to reproduce sustained fever surviving sustaining collateral survivor/exposure curve sustenance survivors sustentacular cells survivorship sustentacular function survivorship curve sustentaculum tali susceptibility Sutton-Boveri theory susceptibility tests sutural bones susceptible sutural ligament suspected suture line suspend suture material suspended sutures suspended drop native preparation SUZI suspension SV suspension feeder SV40-like viruses suspension feeding swab suspension-feeding swab material suspension-feeding devices swab smear suspensor swabbing technique suspensory ligament of duodenum swabbings suspensory ligament of ovary swallowing suspensory ligament of the eyeball swallowing disorder suspensory ligaments of breast swamp and marsh suspensory muscle of duodenum swamp fever 754 swamp forest swamp forest swimmer's itch swamp pink swimming swamp water swimming movements swamps swimming muscles swampy swimming-pool conjunctivitis swarm swine swarm cell swine erysipelas swarming swine fever swayback deformity swings of mood sweat switch sweat glands switch on sweating switch site sweep switched off sweet receptor switchgrass sweet-responsive receptors switching swell swollen swell up swollen swelling swollen belly swelling cotyledons swollen lymph glands swelling of the stromal cells swollen lymph nodes swelling reaction swollen red welts swift sycamore swiftly flowing syconium swim syconium of a fig swim about syconoid system swim bladder sylvatic swim strongly sylvatic cycle swimmerets sylvatic plaque 755 sylvatic rabies sylvatic rabies sympathetic supply sylvatic yellow fever sympathetic system sylvian fissure sympathetic tone symbiont sympathetic trunk symbionts sympathetic vasodilator fibers symbiosis sympathetic vasodilator system symbiotic sympathoadrenal system symbiotic associations sympatric symbiotic interactions sympatric divergence symbiotic mutualism sympatric hybridization symbiotic partnership sympatric speciation symbiotic relationship sympatrically symbiotically sympatry symmetrical symphyses symmetrical growth restriction symphysis pubis symmetrically distributed symplast symmetry symplastic sympathetic symplastic communication sympathetic activity symplastic domains sympathetic discharge symplastic transport sympathetic division symporters sympathetic dysfunction symports sympathetic fibers symptom sympathetic ganglia symptomatic sympathetic innervation symptomatic disease sympathetic nerves symptomatic epilepsy sympathetic nerves to the blood vessels symptomatic therapy sympathetic preganglionic neurons symptomatic treatment 756 symptomatically symptomatically synaptic physiology symptomatology synaptic plasticity symptomless synaptic response symptoms in the gastrointestinal tract synaptic signaling symptoms of disease synaptic specificity symptoms of gastroenteritis synaptic strength symptoms of menses synaptic terminal synanthropic cycle synaptic transmission synapomorphic synaptic transmitters synapomorphy synaptic vesicles synapse synaptobrevin synapse elimination synaptonemal complex synapse en passant synchondroses synapse formation synchronization synapsed synchronize synapsed pairs synchronous synapsid synchronously synapsids, Synapsida synchrotron X-ray beam synapsis syncope synaptic syncytia synaptic circuit syncytia formation synaptic cleft syncytia-forming viruses synaptic connections syncytial synaptic contacts syncytial bridges synaptic delay syncytial formation synaptic function syncytiotrophoblast synaptic junctions syncytium synaptic knobs syncytium formation 757 syndactyly syndactyly synovial fluid syndesmoses synovial joints syndrome synovial membrane syndrome of inappropriate hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone synovial outpouching synovial sheath syndrome of spinal stenosis synthase syndrome with coughing synthesis syndrome X synthesis phase syndromic deafness synthesize synergids synthesized synergism synthesized proteins synergistic synthetase synergistic effect synthetase enzymes synergistic epistasis synthetic synergistically synthetic estrogen synergize synthetic mechanism syngamy synthetic mediums syngeneic synthetic phase synonymized synthetic process synonymous synthetic reactions synonymous site synthetic steps synonymous substitutions synthetic theory of evolution synonymous variation synthetically converted synovial syphilis synovial articulation syphilis connata synovial bursae syphilis serology synovial cavity syphilis sore synovial cells syphilis tests 758 syphilislike disease syphilislike disease systemic blood vessels syphilitic aortitis systemic changes syphilitic efflorescences systemic circuit syringe needles systemic circulation system systemic communication system of airways systemic disease system of checks and balances systemic flow system of conduction systemic illness system of defense against infections systemic infection system of information transfer systemic intoxication system of membranes systemic lupus erythematosus system of microtubules systemic mutations system of T-tubule membranes systemic nocardiosis system of tubules systemic response systematic mutation systemic spread systematic targeted gene disruption systemic veins systematics systemic venous congestion systematist systemic venous pressure systemic systemic venous system systemic absorption systemically systemic acquired resistance systemically administered systemic anaphylactic shock systems approach systemic anaphylaxis systems biologist systemic and pulmonary circulation systems biology systemic approach systems biology approach systemic arachnidism systems of enzymes systemic arteries systems of master genes systemic blood pressure systems-based approach 759 system-wide system-wide systole systolic systolic blood pressure systolic dysfunction systolic ejection systolic ejection click systolic ejection murmurs systolic function systolic heart failure systolic hypertension systolic intraventricular pressure systolic murmur systolic pressure systolic pulse systolic thrill 760 T T wave T cell delayed-type hypersensitivity T. saginatacysticercosis T cell growth factor T1-weighted magnetic resonance image T cell help T3 T cell receptor T4 T cell receptor for an antigen T4 lymphocytes T cell receptors T7 method T cell-dependent activation of IgA-producing B cells T7 primer T cell-independent antigens T cell-independent antigens type 1 T cell-independent type 2 antigens T cell-mediated immunity T cell-mediated signals T cells T cells recognition T cell-tropic T channels T cytotoxic cells T help T help-dependent antigens T helper cells T lymphocyte system T lymphocytes T phage T proteins T regulator cells T tubules 761 tabes dorsalis tabular bone Tacaribe virus complex tachycardia tachycardic Tachyglossidae tachykinins tachypnea tachypneic tachyzoite multiplication tachyzoites tacrolimus tactile tactile discrimination tactile receptors tactile sense organs tactile stimulation tactile stimuli tadpole shrimp Taenia saginata taeniae coli taeniae coli take in taeniosis take off Taeniura lymma take on TAFs take place tag take shape tagged take the form taiga take up tail take up residence tail club takeover tail feathers talar tail fibers tallgrass tail fin tallgrass prairie tail of A residues tallness tail of the epididymis talocalcaneonavicular joint tail of the pancreas talofibular ligament tail region talonavicular ligament tail tube talus tail tube tip tamarisk tail vertebrae Tamarix tailbud tame tail-bud stage tandem tailed tandem array tailed circular molecule tandem duplication tailing tandem gene clusters tailless tandem mass spectrometry take tandem repeats take a blood pressure reading tandemly take hold tandemly repeated 762 tangential to tangential to targeted tangentially targeted for destruction tangled targeted insertional mutagenesis tangles targeted mutagenesis tannins targeted therapy tap targeting TAP tag T-arm tap water tarsal bones tape grass tarsal glands tapered tarsal plate tapered nose tarsal plates tapering tarsal section of the lid tapeworm segments tarsal sinus tapeworms tarsal tunnel taproot tarsals taproot system tarsi Taq polymerase tarsiers TAR Tarsiiformes tardigrades, Tardigrada tarsometatarsal joint target tarsus target cell recognition tarweed target cells tastant target destination tastant molecule target DNA sequence taste target receptors taste buds target sequence taste cells target site taste maps of the tongue target tissue taste pathways 763 taste perceptions taste perceptions taxonomic classification taste pore taxonomic composition of the biota taste receptor cells taxonomic criteria taste receptors taxonomic definitions taste sensation taxonomic diversity taste sensilla taxonomic domain tasting hair taxonomic group Tat protein taxonomic levels TATA box taxonomic ranks TATA box promoters taxonomic rates TATA box-binding domain taxonomic relationship TATA box-containing promoters taxonomic relationships TATA sequence taxonomic scheme TATA-binding protein taxonomic system TATA-box binding protein taxonomic wisdom tau protein taxonomically taurine taxonomist taurocholate gelatin agar taxonomy tautologous taxon-specific tautomer Tay-Sachs disease tautomeric TB taxa TB antigens taxis TB cells taxon TBE taxon name TBG taxon selection TBP-associated factors taxonomic TBW taxonomic categories Tc 764 TC cells TC cells T-DNA region TCBS agar T-DTH TCDVd TE T-cell activation team T-cell destruction tear T-cell effector clones tear T-cell expansion tear film T-cell ignorance tear fluid T-cell immunity tear off T-cell indifference tearing eyes T-cell leukemia technical tools T-cell leukemia antigen technique T-cell lymphoma technology T-cell malignancy tectocerebellar T-cell receptor tectonic T-cell response tectorial membrane T-cell specificity tectospinal tract T-cell stimulation via the TCR teeth T-cell system teeth of the lower jaw T-cell tolerance teeth of the upper jaw T-cell tropism teething TCGF teething pain TCP tegmen tympani TCR tegmental TCR activation tegmental roof TCRs tegmental wall Td tegument T-dependent antigens tegument proteins 765 tegumental disruption tegumental disruption temperament tegumental folds temperate teichoic acids temperate bacteriophages teicoplanin temperate climates teleceptors temperate phages telencephalon temperate region teleost fishes temperate virus Teleostei temperate zone teleosts temperate-zone telescope temperature telithromycin temperature change tellurium temperature changes telocentric temperature coefficient telolecithal temperature conditions telomerase temperature extremes telomerase activity temperature fluctuations telomerase mechanism temperature homeostasis telomerase RNA temperature instability telomere replication temperature optima telomere shortening temperature receptors telomeres temperature regulator telomeric DNA temperature sensibility telomeric repeat temperature shock telophase temperature tolerance TEM temperature-regulating TEM image temperature-regulating center temocillin temperature-sensitive temper temperature-sensitive mutation 766 template template temporal pulse template mRNA temporal region template base temporal regulation template DNA temporal retinal vascular arcades template DNA binding temporal summation template nucleotide temporal variance method template strand temporal variance test tempo of evolution temporalis fascia temporal temporalis muscle temporal barrier temporally temporal bone temporarily temporal co-option temporary temporal distinction temporary clot temporal distribution of a lineage temporary waters temporal duration temporary wilting temporal extent temporofacial temporal fascia temporomandibular joints temporal fenestra tenascin temporal fibers tendency for blood clotting temporal fluctuation tender temporal fossa tender to touch temporal isolation tenderness temporal lobes tendinopathy temporal lobes of the brain tendinous temporal openings tendinous arches temporal order tendinous ends temporal pole tendinous intersections temporal process tendinous sheath 767 tendon tendon tentacular crowns tendon hammer tentative diagnosis tendon reflexes tentorial herniation tendon sheaths tentorial notch tendons tentorium tendrils tentorium cerebelli tenesmus tepals teniae coli teratogenic tennis elbow teratogenicity Tenon's capsule teratogens tenosynovitis terbinafine tenrecs Terebratulina septentrionalis tense Teredo navalis tensides teres major muscle tensile strength teres minor muscle tensing term tension terminal tension of contracting muscle fibers terminal addition tension pneumothorax terminal amino acids tension zone terminal branches tension-cohesion terminal bronchiole tension-cohesion mechanism terminal bud tension-cohesion model terminal bud scale scars tensor fasciae latae muscle terminal buttons tensor tympani muscle terminal cancer patient tensor veli palatini muscle terminal cell tent caterpillar terminal cisterns tentacles terminal complement proteins 768 terminal components terminal components termination efficiency terminal domains termination mechanism terminal electron acceptor termination of the signal terminal flower position termination of transcription terminal flowers termination point terminal ganglia termination sequence terminal ileum termination signal terminal lysis termination site terminal membrane terminator terminal nerves terminator 3:4 hairpin terminal protein terminator hairpin terminal repeat 'a' sequence terminator sequence terminal repeat regions terminator site terminal repeats termini terminal sac terminologically terminal shock terminus terminal spore terminus region terminal sugars termite mound terminal sulcus of tongue terms terminal transferase ternary terminal twig terpenes terminally differentiated cells terpenoid terminally spined eggs terraces terminal-phase male terracing terminate terrapins terminate the pregnancy terrestrial termination terrestrial activities termination codon terrestrial adaptation 769 terrestrial animals terrestrial animals test for serodiagnosis terrestrial environment test kits for medical diagnosis terrestrial life test material terrestrial living test reaction terrestrial plates test sample terrestrial study test sensitivity terrestrially adapted test solution territorial test strip territorial behavior test tube territorial boundaries testable territorial songs testcross territoriality test-cross territory tested clinically territory space testes tertian malaria testicles tertiana quotidiana testicular tertiary testicular artery tertiary bronchi testicular descent tertiary hydrogen bonds testicular development Tertiary period testicular differentiation tertiary structure testicular feminizing syndrome tertiary syphilis testicular growth test testicular origin test testicular size test antibody testicular veins test antigens testing protocol test area testing results test cross testis 770 testis-determining factor testis-determining factor tetrahedrally testosterone tetrahedron test-tube tetrahydrobiopterin test-tube babies tetrahydrocortisone glucuronide test-tube cloning tetrahydrofolate Testudines tetrahydrofolic acid tetanic contraction tetrahydroglucuronide tetanic muscular contraction tetraiodothyronine tetanization of cardiac muscle tetralogy of Fallot tetanized tetraloop tetanizing frequency tetraloop motif tetanizing stimulation tetraloop structure tetanospasmin tetramer tetanus tetramer assay tetanus immune globulin tetramer binding tetanus neonatorum tetramer test tetanus toxoid tetranuclear tetany tetranucleotide tether tetrapeptide tethered tetraploid Tetrabranchia tetraploidy tetracycline tetrapod tetrad tetrapod features tetradecapeptide tetrapods tetradecenyl acetate tetraspanin tetraethylthiuram monosulfide tetravalence tetrahedral tetrodotoxin tetrahedral shape texture 771 TFIIB-related factor TFIIB-related factor theca externa TFS theca interna TGF thecal sac TGF-α thecodonts TGF-β thelarche Th cells thenar eminence Th1 responses thenar muscles TH2 cells theophylline Th2 response theory of evolution thalamic theory of natural selection thalamic fasciculus theory of particulate inheritance thalamic nuclei therapeutic thalamic radiation therapeutic abortion thalamocortical therapeutic agent of choice thalamocortical oscillations therapeutic applications thalamus therapeutic effect thalassemia therapeutic indication Thalassia testudinum therapeutic intervention thalli therapeutic measures thalloid therapeutic monitoring thalloids therapeutic of choice thallus therapeutic principles thaw therapeutic procedure Thayer-Martin blood agar therapeutic scheme the bends therapeutic success the itch therapeutically thebesian veins therapeutics theca cells therapsids 772 Therapsida Therapsida thermodynamics therapy thermogenesis therapy with corticosteroids thermogenic ability therian clade thermolability therian mammals thermophiles thermal agitation thermophilic thermal baths thermoreceptor cells thermal cycler thermoreceptor proteins thermal denaturation thermoreceptors thermal energy thermoregulation thermal fibers thermoregulatory thermal gradient thermoregulatory center thermal habit thermostable thermal image thermostat thermal imaging theropod dinosaur thermal insulation theropod dinosaur fossils thermal motion theropods thermal profile theta waves thermal stratification thiabendazole thermally thiamin thermally mobile thiazides thermally polluted thiazolidinediones thermistor thick thermocline thick ascending limb thermocoagulation thick blood film thermodilution thick filaments thermodynamic law thick film preparation thermodynamically stable thick wax 773 thicken thicken thiol group thickened thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar thickened dermis thiourea thickened knot thiourylenes thickened skin third eye under skin of forehead thickening third fontanelle thickening agent third line of cleavage thickets third molars thick-shelled third nerve palsy thick-walled third occipital nerve thienamycin third part of the duodenum thigh muscles third pharyngeal pouch thigmomorphogenesis third posterior intercostal artery thigmotropism third-degree burns thin third-degree heart block thin descending limb third-order thin filaments third-stage larva thin skin thirst center thin smear Thomisidae thinning in the ozone layer Thomson's gazelles thin-walled thoracentesis thiocyanate thoracic thioesters thoracic aorta thioethanolamine thoracic aortic aneurysm thioether thoracic artery thiogalactoside transacetylase thoracic cage thioglycolate broth thoracic cavity thiol thoracic dermatome 774 thoracic duct thoracic duct thorax thoracic ganglia thorax-transversus abdominis thoracic inlet Thorel's pathway thoracic legs thorny thoracic musculature thorny-headed worms thoracic nerve thoroughfare channels thoracic outlet thoroughfare vessels thoracic outlet syndrome thoroughly heated thoracic pain thoroughly researched thoracic radiography thoroughly supported thoracic region thread thoracic scoliosis thread-horns thoracic segment threadlike thoracic spinal cord thready pulse thoracic spinal cord segments threatened thoracic spinal nerve threatened or near-threatened thoracic splanchnic nerves threatened species thoracic vertebrae threatening thoracic vessels three bases thoracic viscera three-carbon alcohol thoracic volume three-carbon sugars thoracic wall three-chambered heart thoraco-acromial artery three-column spinal injury thoracodorsal artery three-day fever thoracodorsal nerve three-dimensional thoracolumbar three-dimensional vision thoracolumbar fascia three-dimensionally thoracotomy three-domain classification system 775 three-layered body plan three-layered body plan throbbing sensation three-nucleotide thrombasthenic purpura threes thrombin three-spined stickleback thrombocyte activating factor three-stage thrombocyte aggregation three-way thrombocytopenia three-way partnership thrombocytopenic hemorrhage threonine thrombocytopenic purpura threonine deaminase thrombocytosis threonine kinase thrombomodulin threshold thrombophlebitis threshold character thrombopoietin threshold concentration thrombosed threshold intensity thromboses threshold level thrombosis threshold size thrombospondin threshold trait thrombotic thrifty gene hypothesis thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura thrill thromboxanes thrips thrombus thrive thrombus formation thriving through throat thrums throat feathers thrush throat pouch thwart throat pouches thylakoid lumen throat region thylakoid membrane throat washings thylakoid membrane system 776 thylakoid membranes thylakoid membranes thyroepiglottic ligament thylakoid sacs thyroglobulin thylakoid space thyroglossal duct thylakoids thyrohyoid thymic thyrohyoid branch thymic cortex thyrohyoid membrane thymic hypoplasia thyrohyoid muscle thymic medulla thyroid thymic shadow thyroid angle thymic veins thyroid atrophy thymidine thyroid cartilage thymidine kinase thyroid cells thymidine–adenine–thymidine–adenine sequence thyroid diabetes thyroid disorders thymidylate synthase thyroid gland thymine thyroid hormone receptor thymine dimer thyroid hormones thymocytes thyroid hyposecretion thymopoietin thyroid ima artery thymosin thyroid isthmus thymosis thyroid peroxidase thymus thyroid receptors thymus gland thyroid secretion thymus-independent thyroid storms thynnine wasps thyroidectomized patient thyroarytenoid muscle thyroiditis thyrocervical trunk thyroid-stimulating hormone thyroepiglottic thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor 777 thyronine thyronine tibiocalcaneal thyroparathyroid region tibiofibular joint thyrotoxic tibionavicular thyrotoxic myopathy tibiotalar thyrotoxicosis tic douloureux thyrotoxicosis in Basedow's disease ticarcillin thyrotropes tick thyrotropin tick paralysis thyrotropin-releasing hormone tickbites thyroxine tickborne thyroxine-binding globulin tickborne encephalitis Thysanura tick-borne encephalitis pathogen Ti plasmid tick-infested areas TI-1 tidal TI1 antigens tidal action TI2 tidal estuary TI2 antigens tidal flats TIA tidal regions TIBA tidal volume tibia tidal waters tibial collateral ligament tidal wave tibial condyles tidal wetlands tibial nerve tide pool tibial plateau tides tibial shaft tier tibial tuberosity tigecycline tibialis anterior muscle tight tibialis posterior muscle tight binding 778 tight control tight control time-lapse film tight junctions time-lapse photography tighten time-of-flight analyzer tightly timing tightly associated timing mechanisms tightly bound tin tightly coiled tinamous tightly controlled Tinamiformes tightly packed T-independent antigens tightly pressed T-independent B cell response tilorone tinea barbae tilt tinea capitis timberline tinea corporis timbre tinea nigra time constant tinea pedis time for speciation tinea unguium time interval tinea versicolor time of flowering Tinel's sign time requirement tinge time scale tingle time the pregnancy tingling time-averaging tinidazole time-consuming tiny time-consuming nature tip timed close together tip links timed very closely together tip of nose timed vital capacity tip of the coccyx timelapse tip of the nose 779 tip of the stamen tip of the stamen tissue growth factor-beta tips of axons tissue hormone tips of the chromosome tissue hypoxia tips of the digits tissue isomerase tissue tissue juices tissue arrangement tissue kallikrein tissue biopsies tissue layers tissue building tissue lesions tissue cells tissue macrophage system tissue components tissue macrophages tissue conductance tissue mass tissue culture tissue metabolism tissue culture cells tissue necrosis tissue culture dose tissue oxidative process tissue culture infective dose tissue perfusion tissue culture technique tissue plasminogen activator tissue cysts tissue preparations tissue damage tissue pressure tissue debris tissue reaction tissue destruction tissue receptors tissue differentiation tissue regenerative capacity tissue distribution tissue sample tissue engineering tissue schizont tissue extract tissue sections tissue fluid tissue specimens tissue fold tissue system tissue formation tissue thromboplastin tissue growth tissue tropism 780 tissue-engineered cartilage tissue-engineered cartilage TNFα tissue-engineered skin grafts tobacco tissuelike tobacco mosaic disease tissue-specific tobacco mosaic virus tissue-specific proteins tobramycin tissue-specific regulation toe tissue-type plasminogen activator toe bones tit for tat toed titanotheres toenails titer TOF analyzer titer rise togaviruses titin tolerable titratable tolerance titratable acidity tolerant titrated tolerate titration tolerogenic T-killer cells Toll protein TLR toll-like receptor Tm Tollund Man TMAO toluidine blue O Tmax toluidine red unheated serum test TME tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid tmRNA tone TMV tone quality Tn tongue Tn3-like transposons tongue muscle TNF tongue worms TNFs tongue-tie 781 tonic toothed whales tonic toothless tonic contractions toothlike tonic fashion top tonic firing top layer of epidermis tonic labyrinthine reflexes top layer of soil tonic neck reflexes top mineral soil tonic noradrenergic discharge top predator tonic posturing top strand tonically inhibited top view tonic-clonic seizures top-down control Tonicella lineata top-down model tonicity top-down processes tonoplast top-down regulation tonsil top-down regulatory processes tonsillar topical tonsillar areas topical anesthetics tonsillar herniation topical therapy tonsillar region topically tonsillitis top-level tonus topmost tool topographic features tooth buds topography tooth decay topoisomer tooth differentiation topoisomerase tooth enamel topological tooth-bearing topological isomer toothed topological transformation of DNA 782 topologically topologically total blood volume topology total body fat topsoil total body water torcula total bond energy torcular herophili total electromechanical systole torn open total energy torpedo stage total fertility rate torpedo-like total hip replacement torpor total human genome torrential total IgE torrential hemorrhage total lung capacity torrential rains total mass-energy torsade de pointes total metabolic rate torsion total mutation rate torsional energy total number torsional strain total peripheral resistance torsional strain from supercoiling total plasma osmolality torsional stress total protein in the cell torso total protein mass torticollis total serum bilirubin tortoises total size of a population tortuosity total tension tortuous total volume torus levatorius totality torus tubarius totally aquatic total totipotency total amount of genetic polymorphism totipotent total androgen insensitivity touch 783 touch fibers touch fibers toxigenicity testing touch impulses toxins touch information toxin A touch preparation toxin assay touch receptor toxin B touch sensation toxin coregulated pili touch-sensitive toxin co-regulated pili tough toxin exposure tourniquet toxin gene toward toxin transporters toxemia toxin-coregulated pili toxic toxinlike proteins toxic chemicals toxin-negative toxic complex toxocariasis toxic compounds toxocariosis toxic megacolon toxoid toxic shock toxoplasmosis toxic shock syndrome tPA toxic shock syndrome toxin TPHA test toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 TPI test toxic shock toxin TP-PA toxic substances TP-PA particle agglutination toxic waste product TP-PA test toxic wastes PR toxicity TQ segment depression toxicology screen Tra toxicoses tra genes toxigenic trabeculae 784 trabeculae carneae trabeculae carneae tracheitis trabecular artery tracheobronchial trabecular bone tracheobronchial nodes trabecular meshwork tracheobronchitis trabecular vein tracheoesophageal fistula trabeculum tracheomalacia trace tracheopharyngeal trace amounts tracheophytes trace elements trachoma trace labeling track tracer tracking traces tract trachea tract obstruction tracheae tract of forest tracheal traction tracheal aspirate traction response tracheal bifurcation tracts of forests tracheal branches trade information tracheal cartilage trade wind tracheal compression trade-off tracheal cytotoxin trade-off in reproduction tracheal mites traditional tracheal ring trafficking tracheal stenosis tragus tracheal system trail tracheal tubes trail endings tracheate arthropods trailing sequence tracheids trait of pathogenicity 785 trait-affecting loci trait-affecting loci transamination reactions traits trans-Atlantic land bridge trajectory transbronchia aspirate tranmission transbronchial lung biopsy specimen tranquilizing effect transcapsidation trans transcellular trans arrangement transcellular fluid trans face transcobalamin II trans fats transconjugant trans fatty acids transcortin trans isomers transcribe trans regulation transcribed transabdominal transcribed pre-messenger RNAs transabdominal scanning transcript transabdominally transcriptase transacetylase transcription trans-acting factors transcription activation domain transactivate transcription activator trans-activated transcription and translation signals trans-activating factors transcription attenuation transactivation domains transcription bubble transactivation regions transcription complex transactivation responsive region transcription control region transactivators transcription control system transactive transcription transcription elongation transaldolase transcription enzyme transaminases transcription factor activity transamination transcription factor-binding site 786 transcription factors transcription factors transcriptional rate transcription initiation transcriptional regulation transcription initiation complex transcriptional regulator transcription initiation proteins transcriptional regulator protein transcription initiation site transcriptional regulatory proteins transcription machinery transcriptional repressors transcription process transcriptional terminator transcription profiling transcriptional vector transcription proteins transcriptional-level control transcription rate transcriptionally transcription regulators transcriptionally active transcription start point transcription-coupled excision repair transcription start site transcriptome transcription studies transcriptome analysis transcription system transcriptomic transcription target transcriptomics transcription termination transcutaneous transcription terminator transcutaneously transcription unit transcytosis transcriptional transduce transcriptional activation transduced transcriptional activation event transducer transcriptional activator transducin transcriptional activity transducing phage transcriptional coactivator transduction transcriptional elongation transduction of the signal transcriptional level transduction pathway transcriptional promoter transect 787 transepithelial transepithelial transformed transepithelial transport transformed cells transesophageal transforming agent transfected transforming factor transfection transforming growth factor transfection studies transforming growth factor alpha transfer transforming growth factor beta transfer transforming principle transfer cells transforming substance transfer of energy for life transfusion transfer replication mechanism transfusion infections transfer RNA transfusion malaria transfer RNA genes transfusion of genetic variation transfer RNA molecules transfusion reaction transfer RNAs transfusion-associated sepsis transferable transfusion-related sepsis transferable plasmid transgalactosidation transfer-messenger RNA transgene transferrin transgene escape transferrin receptor mRNA transgenic transform transgenic animal strains transformant transgenic oilseed rape plants transformation transgenic organisms transformation efficiency transgenic strains transformation experiments transglycosylase transformation plate transgressive transformation proteins transgressive segregation transformation-suppressor transhepatic 788 transient transient transitory edemas transient block transitory intermediate products transient colonizers transjugular transient ischemic attack transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt transient polymorphism transient receptor potential family of ion channel proteins transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunting transjugular liver biopsy transient release of Ca2+ transketolase transient RNA phase translate transient state translated transient transfection translating ribosome transiently translation transiently positive regions of molecules translation assembly transillumination translation complex transillumination test translation inhibitors transition translation initiation transition area translation initiation codon transition state translation initiation complex transition time translation initiation factors transition zone translation machinery transitional translation process transitional cell carcinoma translation product transitional epithelium translation systems transitional ER translational apparatus transitional form translational components transitional fossils translational control transitional stage translational control system transitory translational controls 789 translational frameshifting translational frameshifting transmembrane pores translational inhibition transmembrane proteins translational mechanisms transmembrane pump translational regulation transmembrane receptors translational repression transmembrane region translator transmissible translesion DNA polymerase transmissible aerosols translesion DNA synthesis transmissible mink encephalopathy translesion polymerase transmissible spongiform encephalopathy translocase transmission translocate transmission activity translocated transmission advantage translocated intimin receptor transmission cycle translocation transmission electron micrograph translocation Down syndrome transmission electron microscope translocation heterokaryotype transmission pathways translocation heterozygote transmission rate of a disease translocation programme transmission route translocation step transmit translocon transmittance translucent transmitter domain transmembrane transmitter effect transmembrane anchor element transmitter module transmembrane cell-surface proteins transmitter molecules transmembrane chain transmitting transmembrane domain transmitting neuron transmembrane glycoprotein component transmitting vectors transmembrane helices transmural infarction 790 transmural pressure transmural pressure transplant recognition transmute transplant rejection transovarial transplantation transovarial route transplantation complications transovarially transplantation immunity transovarian transplantation immunology transovarian transmission transplantation patients transparency of the cornea transplantation-association transparent transplanted transpeptidase transplanted organs transpeptidation transport transpiration transport bacteriophages transpirational loss of water transport chain transpirational pull transport epithelia transpiration-cohesion model transport host transpire transport maximum transpired transport medium transplacental transport pathway transplacental O2 exchange transport protein transplacental passage transport proteins transplacentally transport system transplant transport tubes transplant cells transport vesicles transplant experiments transport vessels transplant kidney transporter transplant of a species transporter associated with antigen processing transplant patients transporters transplant recipients 791 transposable DNA elements transposable DNA elements transthyretin transposable DNA transtracheal aspirate transposable genetic elements transudate transposable phages transudation transposable resistance DNA transumbilical plane transposase transurethral transposase gene transvaginal transpose transvaginal digital palpation transposed transversalis fascia transposition transverse transposition enzyme transverse acetabular ligament transposition event transverse arch of the foot transposition of the great arteries transverse arytenoid muscle transposition of the great vessels transverse cervical artery transposition process transverse cervical ligament transpositional transverse cervical nerve transposon transverse cervical vein transposon mutagenesis transverse colon transposon-like mechanisms transverse costal facet transposon-like mobile elements transverse facial artery transpostion transverse facial vein transpyloric plane transverse fibers transrectal transverse fission transrectal digital palpation transverse fissure of the liver trans-regulatory divergence transverse groove trans-retinal transverse humeral ligament transsynaptic response transverse ligament of the atlas transthoracic transverse ligament of the knee 792 transverse maxillary growth transverse maxillary growth trapped RNA molecules transverse mesocolon trapping transverse palatine folds trash transverse pericardial sinus trash dump transverse plane Traube-Hering waves transverse process trauma transverse process of the atlas trauma survivors transverse process of vertebra LV traumatic transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae traumatic bruising transverse section traumatic delivery transverse sinuses traumatic experience transverse tarsal joint traumatic fractures transverse tubules traumatic memories transversely traumatic shock transversion traumatized surface transversospinales travel transversospinales muscles travelers' diarrhea transversus abdominis muscle traveling zone of depolarization transversus perinei profundus traversal transversus perinei superficialis traverse transversus thoracis muscle trawling trap treat trapezium bone treat high blood pressure trapezius muscle treated trapezoid treatment trapezoid ligament treatment program trapezoid line treatment protocol trapezoid line on the clavicle treatment regimens 793 treatment strategy treatment strategy tree-searching program treatment with anti-infective agents tree-shaped tree treetop tree bark treetops tree crowns Tregs tree diagram trehalase tree dwellers trehalose tree felling trehalose 6,6-dimycolate tree harvesting Trematoda tree hole trematode infections tree hollow trematodes tree line tremor tree of life tremors tree rings tremulousness tree roots trench tree sap trench fever tree shrews trend treecreepers trends in evolution tree-dwelling treponema infections tree-dwelling gliders Treponema pallidum treeless Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay treelike Treponema pallidum immobilization test treelike branched Treponema pallidum particle agglutination tree-ring analysis tree-ring data trees Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test trees lining a river treponemal diseases tree-searching method 794 treponemal species treponemal species trichina worm treponematosis trichinellosis treponemes trichinellous meat treppe trichinosis TRH trichomes triacylglycerols trichomonads triad Trichomonas vaginalis trial trichomoniasis trial phase Trichonymphs trial-and-error learning trichostrongylid species triangular bony projections trichrome triangular fossa trichrome stain triangular interval Trichuptera triangular ligament trichuriasis triangular muscle trichuriosis triangular space trichuriasis Triassic Trichuris trichiura Triassic period triclabendazole triatomid bug triclosan triatomids, Triatomidae tricuspid atresia tributaries tricuspid insufficiency tributary rivers tricuspid regurgitation tributary veins tricuspid stenosis tricarboxylic acid tricuspid systolic murmur tricarboxylic acid cycle tricuspid valve triceps tricyclic triceps brachii trifascicular block triceps brachii muscle trifluridine 795 trigeminal cave trigeminal cave triose sugars trigeminal depression trioses trigeminal ganglion tripartite synapse trigeminal impression tripeptide trigeminal nerve triphosphate trigeminal neuralgia triphosphate group trigeminal pain fibers triphosphate tail of ATP trigger triphosphate tails trigger hairs triple triglyceride triple combination therapy trigone triple covalent bond triiodobenzoic acid triple helix triiodothyronine triple helix DNA trilaminated triple helix secondary structure trilobite triple-combination treatment trilobites triple-fused gene Trilobitomorpha triple-gene fusion trim triplet AUG trim off triplet code trimer triplet codon trimeric triplet nucleic acid code trimester triplet of bases trimethoprim triplet repeat sequences trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole triplet repeats trimethylamine oxide triplet sequence trimmed-down triplets trinucleotide triplex conformation trinucleotide repeats triplex DNA 796 triplex forming oligonucleotides triplex forming oligonucleotides tRNA primary structure triplicate tRNA processing machinery triploblastic tRNA secondary structure triploblasts tRNA sequences triploblastic animals tRNA-amino acid-adenylate complex triploid tRNAs triploid cell trochanter triploidy trochanteric fossa triquetrum bone trochlea tris hydrochloride trochlear fovea trisaccharides trochlear nerve tri-snRNP complex trochlear notch trisomic trochophore trisomy trochophore larva trisomy 21 trombiculid mites triticale troop triticeal cartilage trophi tritium trophic tritium oxide trophic action trivalent trophic cascade tRNA trophic cascade model tRNA anticodon trophic effect tRNA anticodon sequences trophic interactions tRNA base modifications trophic level tRNA genes trophic structure tRNA loops trophoblast tRNA molecules trophoblast cells tRNA nucleotidyl transferase trophocyte forms 797 trophozoite trophozoite Truant fluorochrome acid-fast stain trophozoite forms true tropic true aloe tropic true bugs tropic hormone true cilia Tropic of Cancer true coelom Tropic of Capricorn true coelomate animals tropical true epididymis tropical deforestation true frogs tropical dry forest true gas gangrene tropical forests true hermaphroditism tropical parasitosis true pelvis tropical regions true ribs tropical spastic paraparesis true segmental muscles of the back tropics true-breeding Tropiduridae true-breeding line tropism true-breeding strain tropomyosin truncal troponin truncal insufficiency troponin complex truncal stenosis troposphere truncate trough truncated TRP family of ion channel proteins truncation selection trp operon truncus arteriosus TRP proteins trunk trp repressor trunk segment trp repressor-binding site trunk-crown region TRP-type receptor trunk-ground area 798 trunklike trunklike TTX Trypanosoma TU Trypanosoma brucei gambiense tuataras Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense tubal ampulla trypanosome chancre tubal ligation trypanosomes tubal pregnancy trypanosomosis tubal sterilization trypanothione tube trypomastigote tube cell trypomastigote form tube feet trypsin tube of the coleoptile trypsin-like activity tube sponge trypsinogen tube worms tryptic soy agar tubelike tryptophan tuber tryptophan tubercle tryptophan codons tuberculin tryptophan hydroxylase tuberculin allergy tryptophan operon tuberculin proteins tryptophan repressor tuberculin reaction tryptophan residues tuberculin skin test TSA tuberculin test TSB tuberculin units TSE tuberculin-negative TSH tuberculin-positive TSS tuberculoid TSST-1 tuberculoid leprosy tsutsugamushi fever tuberculoproteins 799 tuberculosis tuberculosis tubular reabsorption tuberculosis bacteria tubular secretion tuberculosis bacteria complex tubular transport maximum tuberculostearic acid tubular urine tuberculous tubular walls tuberculum acusticum tubule tuberculum of iliac crest tubule cell tuberculum sellae tubule lumen tuberoinfundibular system tubulin tuberomammillary nucleus tubulin subunit tuberosity tubuloglomerular feedback tuberous sclerosis complex tubulovesicular tube-shaped tufted tube-within-a-tube body plan tufted cells tubeworms tufts tubo-ovarian abscess tularemia tuboovarian abscesses tulip trees tubular tumbling movements tubular abnormalities tumescent tubular cells tumor tubular dysfunction tumor antigens tubular epithelium tumor antigen-specific antibodies tubular flower tumor cells tubular fluid tumor compression tubular lumen tumor destruction tubular myelin tumor diagnosis tubular necrosis tumor formation tubular networks tumor growth 800 tumor immunity tumor immunity tunic tumor inducing plasmid tunica adventitia tumor infiltration tunica albuginea tumor necrosis factor tunica externa tumor necrosis factor alpha tunica intima tumor necrosis factor receptor family tunica media tumor rejection tunica vaginalis tumor suppression tunica vasculosa lentis tumor suppressor tunicate tumor suppressor genes tunicate Ciona intestinalis tumor suppressor proteins tunicates tumor transformation tuning fork tumor virus tunnel tumor-associated antigens turbellarians tumor-associated peptides Turbellaria tumor-causing virus turbid tumorigenesis turbid conditions tumorigenic turbidity tumorigenic event turbulence tumorlike turbulent tumorous turbulent flow tumor-specific antigens turfgrass tumor-suppressor genes turgid tumor-suppressor protein turgidity tundra turn tungaosis turn off tungiasis turn on tungsten turn sth inside out 801 turned inward turned inward two-stage turned-in TyC loop turning movements TYC-arm turning of the head tympanic turnover tympanic bone turnover of organic matter tympanic canal turpentine tympanic cavity turtles tympanic membrane tusks tympanic nerve Tw tympanic part of the temporal bone twig tympanic plexus twiggy tympanic reflex twigs tympanic sound twin antibiotic resistance tympanocentesis twin study tympanosquamous twinge tympanosquamous fissure twist type twisted type twisting type 1 diabetes twitch type 1 T-independent antigens twitch contraction type 2 diabetes twitching type 2 diabetics two-dimensional electrophoresis type 2 T-independent antigens two-dimensional gel electrophoresis type A blood two-hybrid analysis type A individuals two-part type AB two-point test cross type AB individuals two-point threshold type A-west 802 type B blood type B blood typological type B individuals tyramine type B red blood cells tyrosine type B red cells tyrosine hydroxylase type I interferons tyrosine kinase type I medullary interstitial cells tyrosine kinase activity type I schizont tyrosine kinase receptors type I survivorship tyrosine kinase-linked receptors type II alveolar cells tyrosine phosphatase type II alveolar epithelial cells Tzanck smear type II immune disease type II interferon type O type O individuals type specimen types of organisms type-specific antibodies typhlosole typhoid typhoid typhoid fever typhoid salmonelloses typhoidal typhus typhus fever typhuslike disease typing typing method 803 U ulcerative colitis u ulcerative disease U residues ulceroglandular U wave ulcerogranulomatous lesions UBF ulcerous UBF-DNA complex ulcerous material ubiquinone ulcers ubiquinone oxidoreductase ulcers of the stomach and duodenum ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase ulcus ubiquitin ulcus molle ubiquitin tags ulna ubiquitination ulnar ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of proteins ulnar artery ubiquitinylated ubiquitinylation ubiquitous UCE UDG UDPG UDPGT UDP-MurNAc ulcer ulcerate ulcerated ulcerating ulceration ulcerative 804 ulnar collateral artery ulnar deviation of the hand ulnar nerve ulnar pulse ulnar recurrent artery ulnar styloid process ultimate ultimate antibody factory ultimate behavior ultimate causation ultimate causes ultimate electron source ultimate fate ultimate parasite ultimate releaser ultrablue light ultrablue light Umbelliferae ultracentrifugation umbilical arteries ultrafine umbilical cord ultramicroscopic umbilical cord vessels ultrashort dopaminergic neurons umbilical duct ultrasonic imaging equipment umbilical lymphocytes ultrasonic waves umbilical region ultrasonically-treated umbilical sac ultrasonography umbilical stump ultrasound umbilical vein ultrasound imaging umbilical vessels ultrasound imaging techniques umbilicus ultrasound scan examination umbo of tympanic membrane ultrasound scanning umbrella-like ultrasound-guided unabated ultrastructural studies unable ultrastructure unable to speak ultrastructure data unabsorbed ultrastructure of cells unacetylated ultrathin unadorned ultraviolet B radiation unaerated ultraviolet light unaffected ultraviolet radiation unaided ear ultraviolet radiation unalterable ultraviolet radiation from the sun unaltered ultraviolet rays unanchored umami unarmed umami receptor unattached 805 unbalanced unbalanced uncommitted unbalanced complement of chromosomes uncommon unbeatable uncompensated unblock uncomplicated unblocked unconcentrated unbound unconditional unbranched unconditioned unbroken skin unconditioned response unbuffered unconditioned stimulus uncapped unconjugated uncatalyzed reaction unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia uncertain unconnected populations unchanged unconscious unchanging unconsciousness uncharacteristic unconstrained uncharged unconstrained supercoiling unchecked unconsummated courtship uncinate process uncontaminated uncleaved uncontrollable muscle spasms unclonable uncontrolled uncoat uncorrected uncoatase uncouple uncoated uncoupled uncoating uncoupling uncoating of the core uncoupling proteins uncoating step uncovertebral joints uncoil uncrowded uncoiled uncultivated 806 uncultured uncultured understory uncut forest undersurface undamaged underutilized undecaprenol underventilated under underventilated alveoli underactivation underwater underactive underwings underbrush underwound underdeveloped undescended testes underdiagnosed undetectable underdominance undetected underdominant undeveloped underexercising undifferentiated undergo undigested underground undirected undergrowth undiscovered underlie undissociated underlying undisturbed underlying disease undivided undernourished undulant fever undernourishment undulate undernutrition undulating underperfusion undulating motion underprotected undulation underrepresented unduplicated undershoot unearth underside unedited undersized unembryonated 807 unembryonated state unembryonated state ungerminated unenriched ungulates unequal unheated serum reagin test unequal crossing over unhybridized unhygienic conditions unequally uniaxial joints unerupted uniaxial synovial joints unesterified unicellular uneven unicentric uneven sex ratios unidirectional unevenly unidirectional deletions unevenness unidirectionally uneventful recovery unifacetal cervical vertebral dislocation unexcitable unified unexpanded uniflagellate unexposed uniform unfalsifiable uniform dispersion unfavorable alleles uniform evolutionary trend unfed tick uniform labeling unfertilized uniform pattern of dispersion unfiltered uniformitarianism unfit uniformity unfixed uniformly unfolded unify unfolded proteins unikonts unfolding Unikonta unfractionated unilateral UNG unilateral blunted red reflex ungated 808 unilateral hearing loss unilateral hearing loss unisexual unilateral inattention unit unilateral paralysis unit of inheritance unilateral simian crease unit of packed red blood cells unilateral visual inattention unitary smooth muscle unilocular unite unimmunized united uninfected uniting gametes uninjured units of electrical charge uninterrupted unity uninucleate universal genetic code union universal molecule of heredity uniparental universal primers uniparental inheritance universality uniparental mode of inheritance unjointed uniparentally inherited unlabeled unipennate unlearned unipolar depression unlimited unipolar leads unlink unipolar limb leads unlinked unipolar recording unload uniporters unloading uniports unlysed cells unique unmarked unique DNA unmask uniquely unmated individuals uniquely shaped unmethylated uniramous unmineralized 809 unmodified unmodified unregulated hunting unmutated unrelated unmyelinated unremarkable unneeded unrepaired DNA damage unoccupied unreplicated unossified unresolved unoxygenated blood unresponsive unpacked unresponsiveness unpaired unrestricted random mating unpalatable unrevealing unpasteurized unripened fruit unphosphorylated unrooted unpigmented unrooted gene tree unpleasant unsanitary areas unpollinated unsanitary conditions unpolluted unsaturated unpredictable unsaturated fats unpredictable spacing unsaturated fatty acid unpreserved unsaturation unprocessed unscientific unproductive unsegmented unprotected intercourse unselfish unreabsorbed unshared derived states unreacted unshared electrons unreactive unshared pair unrecognized unsheathed microfilariae unreduced unspecialized unregulated unspecified 810 unspliced unspliced unused food unspoiled unusual unsporulated unusual conditions unstable unvaccinated unstable unvarying unstable gait unventilated unstained unwanted unsteady gait unwind unsterilized unwinding unstimulated unwound unstructured u-PA unsuitable update vaccines unsulfated UPEC unsupercoiled uperization unsupported upheaval unsustainable uphill reaction unsustainable logging upland vegetation untargeted mutagenesis uplift untestable upliftig untranscribed upper untransformed upper abdomen untransformed cells upper abdominal pain untranslated upper abdominal pains untranslated region upper airway obstruction untreated upper anterolateral abdominal wall untwisted upper atmosphere untwisting upper body unused upper canopy 811 upper cranial nerves upper cranial nerves upper thorax upper deep cervical nodes uppermost upper epidermis up-regulate upper extremity up-regulated upper eyelid up-regulation upper fornix upright upper gastrointestinal tract upright position upper intestine upright posture upper jaw upright walking upper layers of the soil upset upper left bronchial artery upside down upper limb upstream upper lip upstream binding factor upper lobe upstream control element upper lumbar vertebrae upstream poly A site upper middle intertidal zone upstream promoter upper motor neurons upstream regulatory elements upper part of small intestine upstroke upper photic zone uptake upper portion of the body uptake system upper respiratory infections upturned upper respiratory tract upward movements of warm air upper respiratory tract infection upward pulling upper ribs upwelling upper right sternal border urachus upper sacral nerves uracil upper teeth uracil-DNA glycosylase upper thoracic nerves uranium 812 urate deposits urate deposits urethral urban rabies urethral artery urban yellow fever urethral bacteria urban-industrial site urethral buds urea urethral crest urea cycle urethral damage urea nitrogen urethral discharge ureagenesis urethral disruption ureaplasmas urethral epithelium urease urethral folds ureidopenicillins urethral glands uremia urethral hiatus uremic syndrome urethral meatus UREs urethral opening ureter urethral rupture ureteral distention urethral slit ureteral obstruction urethral stricture ureteral pressure urethral syndrome ureteral sphincters urethritis ureteric damage urethrocystitis ureteric innervation urge to defecate ureteric obstruction uric acid ureteric orifices uridine ureteric pain uridine diphosphate-N-acetylmuramic acid ureteric stone uridine diphosphogalactose ureteric vasculature uridine diphosphoglucose ureteropelvic junction uridyldiphosphoglucuronyl transferase urethra urinalysis 813 urinary urinary urochordates, Urochrodata urinary bilharziosis urodeles, Urodela urinary bladder uroepithelial cells urinary colic uroepithelial surface urinary frequency uroepithelium urinary meatus urogenital urinary obstruction urogenital area urinary output urogenital buds urinary protein loss urogenital diaphragm urinary schistosomosis urogenital epithelium urinary stasis urogenital gonorrhea urinary system urogenital hiatus urinary tract urogenital infections urinary tract catheter urogenital lymphoid tissue urinary tract infection urogenital membrane urinary tract obstruction urogenital mucosa urinary tract stones urogenital ridge urination urogenital sinus urine urogenital slit urine antigen test urogenital specimen urine container urogenital system urine cytologic test urogenital tract urine flow urogenital triangle urine osmolality urokinase-type plasminogen activator urine output urological urine sediment uropathogenic E. coli urine volume uropathological urobilinogens uropepsinogen 814 urosepsis urosepsis uterine mucosa urothelium uterine tissue urothelium of the renal pelvis uterine tube Ursidae uterine wall ursodeoxycholic acid utero-ovarian ligament urticaria uterosacral ligament urticarial skin changes uterovaginal canal urticarial-papulous uterovaginal plexus usable utero-vesical fossa usage uterovesical pouch of Meiring useful uterus useful clinically uterus bicornis useful in diagnosis uterus branches U-shaped uterus unicornis USR test utilization uta utricle uterine utricular uterine artery utriculosaccular duct uterine blood flow utropin uterine cavity UV uterine cervix UV irradiation uterine contractility UV light uterine contractions UV markings uterine cramping UV optics uterine cycle UV radiation uterine glands UV rays uterine isthmus UV-blocking chemicals uterine loops uvea 815 uveal coat uveal coat uveal layer uveal meshwork uveal tract uveitis uvula 816 V vacuolar membrane V vacuolar sap V region vacuolated V segment vacuolating cytotoxin VacA vacuolation vacant vacuole vacant adaptive zone vacuolization of neurons vacant ecological niche vacuolizing cytotoxin vaccinate vacuum device vaccinated vacuum transfer vaccination vagabond genes vaccination calendar vagal vaccination program vagal afferents vaccination protection vagal cardiac branches vaccination schedule vagal discharge vaccination site vagal efferents vaccine vagal endings vaccine components vagal fibers vaccine material vagal tone vaccine protection vagal trunks vaccine recipient vagally innervated vaccine virus vagi vaccine-induced immunity vagile vaccine-preventable disease vagina vaccine-virus-induced polio disease vaginal vaccinia vaginal abnormalities vaccinia necrosum vaginal artery vaccinia virus vaginal bleeding 817 vaginal canal vaginal canal valacyclovir vaginal cavity valence vaginal columns valence electrons vaginal contractions valence orbitals vaginal delivery valence shell vaginal discharge valent vaginal epithelium valganciclovir vaginal fornices valine vaginal fornix vallate papillae vaginal lactic acid valleculae vaginal lining Valsalva maneuver vaginal lubrication values vaginal nerves valve abnormalities vaginal opening valve closure vaginal orifice valve deformities vaginal passageway valve disease vaginal pouch valve of coronary sinus vaginal rudiment valve of inferior vena cava vaginal secretions valve replacement vaginal smear valves vaginal specula valvulae conniventes vaginal vault valvular heart disease vaginal wall valvular incompetence vaginally valvular lesions vaginitis valvular pulmonary stenosis vaginosis valvular reconstruction vagus valvular system in the legs vagus nerve valyl 818 valyl esters valyl esters variable major protein Van der Waals interactions variable N-terminal domains vanadium variable number vancomycin variable number tandem repeats vane variable region vaned feathers variable segment vanilloid receptor-1 variable selection vanillylmandelic acid variable sites vanishingly small variables vapor variance vapor phase variance in a phenotypic character vapor sterilization variant vaporization variant chromosomes vaporization variant genes vaporize variant genetic code vaporized variant MHC proteins VAPs variant specific surface proteins var variant surface specific antigen var eltor variation variability variation among individuals variability among gene sequences variation in reproductive success variability potential variation in sexual orientation variable variation within a population variable arm variations variable base pair sites varicella variable DNA bases varicella pustules variable domain varicella virus variable loci varicella zoster 819 varicella-zoster virus varicella-zoster virus vascular cell adhesion molecule varices vascular channels in the liver varicocele vascular collapse varicose vascular compartments varicose veins vascular cylinder varicosities vascular damage varied vascular destruction variegated vascular development variegation vascular differentiation variety vascular disease variola major vascular disorder variola minor vascular endothelial cells variola virus vascular endothelial growth factor variolation vascular flow Varkud satellite RNA vascular graft varroa mites vascular growth factors var-specific vascular hemorrhage vas deferens vascular hindrance vasa deferentia vascular injury vasa recta vascular intima proliferation vascular vascular layer vascular abnormalities vascular membrane vascular access vascular middle layer vascular arch vascular network vascular bed vascular obstruction vascular blood flow vascular outlet obstruction vascular bundles vascular pattern vascular cambium vascular permeability 820 vascular plants vascular plants vasoactive vascular pole vasoactive hormones vascular proliferation vasoactive intestinal peptide vascular proliferative disease vasocongested vascular rays vasocongestion vascular resistance vasoconstricted state vascular rings vasoconstriction vascular slings vasoconstriction factor vascular smooth muscle vasoconstrictor vascular sounds vasoconstrictor action vascular stalk vasoconstrictor discharge vascular strand vasoconstrictor innervation vascular supply vasoconstrictor response vascular system vasodepressor vascular tissue vasodilation vascular tissue system vasodilator vascular tone vasodilator effect vascular transplantation vasodilator fibers vascular tree vasodilator metabolites vascular tunic vasodilatory vascular wall vasogenic vascularity vasogenic shock vascularization vasomotor vascularized vasomotor area vasculature vasomotor center vasculitis vasomotor discharge vasculogenesis vasomotor disturbances vasectomy vasomotor nerve fibers 821 vasomotor nerves vasomotor nerves vectorcardiogram vasopressin vector-human contacts vasospasm vector-insert junction vasovagal attacks vegetal vasovagal collapse vegetal hemisphere vastus intermedius muscle vegetal hemisphere cortex vastus lateralis muscle vegetal plate vastus medialis vegetal pole vastus muscles vegetated surface area vault of skull vegetation VCA vegetative VCAM vegetative existence vCJD vegetative fructification VCN vegetative growth VD vegetative organs VDRL flocculation reaction vegetative phase VDRL test vegetative propagation vector vegetative reproduction vector cycle vegetative shoot vector DNA vegetative state vector DNA molecule vegetative structures vector eradication vegetatively vector molecule vegetatively growing vector plasmid vegetatively propagating vector region VEGF vector sequence vehicle vector system veiled cells vectoral transmission vein endings 822 vein patterns vein patterns venous channel veins venous circulation veins of Thebesius venous circulatory system veliger larva venous collateralization velocity venous collaterals velvet worms venous compression vena cava venous congestion venae cavae venous connections venae comitantes venous damage venae cordis minimae venous drainage venation venous eczema venation patterns venous ends of the capillaries venereal disease venous flow venereal efflorescences venous hum venereal transmission venous inflow venipuncture venous plasma venoconstriction venous plexus venodilation venous pressure venom venous reservoir venomous venous return venomous barbs venous sinuses venospasm venous stasis venous venous system venous access venous tone venous bleeding venous trauma venous blood venous valves venous capacity venous-arterial shunt venous capillaries ventilate 823 ventilation ventilation ventricular arrhythmias ventilation-perfusion imbalance ventricular beat ventilatory ventricular conduction ventilatory response ventricular conduction cells ventilatory support ventricular contraction ventral ventricular depolarization ventral bud ventricular diastole ventral cochlear nucleus ventricular ejection ventral groove ventricular end-diastolic pressure ventral horn ventricular end-diastolic volume ventral mesentery ventricular enlargement ventral nerve cord ventricular extrasystoles ventral noradrenergic bundle ventricular fibrillation ventral pancreatic bud ventricular filling ventral portion of the spinal cord ventricular function ventral posterior nuclei ventricular heartbeat ventral posterior nucleus ventricular ligament ventral root ventricular muscle ventral spinothalamic tract ventricular muscle fibers ventral sucking disk ventricular musculature ventral surface ventricular myocardium ventral tegmental area ventricular premature beats ventral thalamus ventricular pressure ventral tongue ventricular rate ventrally ventricular repolarization ventricle ventricular septal defect ventricles of the brain ventricular septum ventricular ventricular stroke volume 824 ventricular system ventricular system verruga peruana ventricular systole versatile ventricular tachycardia vertebra ventricular wall vertebra CI ventricular-atrial shunt vertebrae ventriculoperitoneal shunt vertebrae of the lumbar region ventriculus vertebral arch ventrobasal vertebral arteries ventrolateral medulla vertebral bodies ventrolateral nucleus vertebral body ventrolateral system vertebral canal ventromedial vertebral column ventromedial nucleus vertebral column flexion venular pressure vertebral compartment venules vertebral disks venules with a high endothelium vertebral foramen Venus flytrap vertebral foramina verbal comprehension vertebral fractures vermiform appendix vertebral injury vermis vertebral laminae vermix vertebral levels vernalization vertebral notch vernalize vertebral plexus of veins vernix caseosa vertebral spinous processes Vero cell line vertebrals Vero cells Vertebrata verocytotoxin-producing E. coli vertebrate verocytotoxins vertebrate animals 825 vertebrate spine vertebrate spine vesicle membranes vertebrates vesicle scrapings vertebrobasilar vesicles vertebroplasty vesicoureteral reflux vertex of the head vesicoureteric junction vertex of the skull vesicouterine excavation vertical vesico-uterine pouch vertical addition vesicular vertical aerial stem vesicular exanthem vertical axis vesicular fluid vertical gene transfer vesicular GABA transporter vertical infection vesicular lesion vertical layering vesicular rash vertical leaves vesicular stomatitis virus vertical muscles vesicular transport vertical tail vessel vertical transmission vessel elements vertically vessel walls vertically layered vestibular vertically layered environment vestibular apparatus vertical-necked turtles vestibular aqueduct vertices of a tetrahedron vestibular bulb vertigo vestibular canal vervet vestibular cells vervet monkeys vestibular division very late antigen vestibular function very low density lipoproteins vestibular ganglion vesical plexus vestibular glands 826 vestibular impulses vestibular impulses veterinary medicine vestibular ligament via vestibular membrane viability vestibular nerve viability loci vestibular nucei viable vestibular veins viable seeds vestibular wall viable size of a population vestibular window vial vestibule vibrate vestibule of the vagina vibration vestibulocerebellar vibration frequency vestibulocerebellum vibration sense vestibulocochlear vibration volley vestibulocochlear nerve vibration waves vestibulo-ocular reflex vibratory murmur vestibulospinal tract vibratory sensation vestibulo-spinal tract vibrio vestibulo-spinal tract vibrio bacteria vestige Vibrio infections vestiges vibrioid vestiges of a rete vicariance vestigial vicariant vestigial characters vicariant event vestigial features vicariant mechanisms vestigial gubernaculum vicariant speciation vestigial hind-limb bones viceroy butterfly vestigial structures Vicia villosa veterinary drug victim 827 video microscope video microscope viral capsid proteins viewing frame viral challenge vif viral components vigorous viral contamination vigorous movements viral copies villi viral crystals villous atrophy viral cytopathogenesis villus viral diagnosis villus atrophy viral disease villus deformation viral dissemination vinblastine viral DNA vine viral DNA molecules violaceous viral DNA sequences violent anger viral dose violent shivering viral encephalitis VIP viral enhancer vipers viral enteritis pathogens vir determinants viral envelope vir genes viral envelope antigens vir regulon viral enzyme viral viral enzyme protease viral agent viral factory viral antigen testing viral gene expression viral antigens viral genes viral attachment viral genetic material viral attachment proteins viral genome viral attachment to host cells viral genomic RNA viral capsid antigen viral genotypic analysis 828 viral glycoprotein spikes viral glycoprotein spikes viral quasispecies viral glycoproteins viral regulator proteins viral hepatitis viral re-infection viral illness viral release viral infection viral replication viral infectivity viral replication cycle viral inflammation viral replication process viral integration viral replication strategies viral life cycle viral reproduction viral lineage viral reproductive cycles viral load viral respiratory tract disease viral macromolecular synthesis viral RNA segments viral material viral serology viral maturation viral serotype viral metabolism viral shedding viral morphogenesis viral species viral movement proteins viral spikes viral mRNA viral strain viral nucleic acid viral structural proteins viral oncogene viral surface proteins viral origin viral thymidine kinase genes viral particles viral transcripts viral persistence viral transduction viral production viral transmission viral products viral tumor induction viral progeny viral uncoating process viral proliferation viral vector viral protein viral zoonoses 829 viral-encoded enzymes viral-encoded enzymes virology laboratory viral-like viropexis virally virophage virally infected virucidal viremia virulence viremic virulence determinants viremic infection virulence factors viremic phase virulence genes viremic spread virulence plasmid virgin virulence potential virgin forest virulence properties viridans streptococci virulence proteins virilism virulence regulon virilization virulence-enhancing proteins virilizing adrenal hyperplasia virulence-related virion virulent virion capsid virulent agent virion head and tail virulent effect virion outer capsid virulent form virion polypeptides virulent pathogens virion proteins virulent phages virion uncoating virus virogene virus antigens viroid virus capsids viroidlike virus enrichment virological virus excretion virologist virus factory virology virus fixe 830 virus genome virus genome visceral virus infection visceral afferent fibers virus infection factor visceral afferents virus isolation visceral branches virus neutralization assay visceral circulation virus particles visceral compartment virus production visceral effectors virus progeny visceral efferent fibers virus replication visceral infection virus species visceral larva migrans virus strain visceral layer virus vaccine visceral layer virus vector visceral layer of serous pericardium virus-coded visceral leishmaniosis virus-coded protein visceral loxoscelism virus-derived visceral mass viruses with ssRNA visceral motor activity virus-free visceral motor fibers virus-induced visceral motor nerves virus-infected visceral motor neurons virus-like visceral muscles virus-like particles visceral nerve plexus virusoids visceral nerves virus-resistant visceral nervous system virus-specific visceral organ damage virus-specific proteins visceral organs viscera visceral pain visceral part 831 visceral pelvic trauma visceral pelvic trauma vision loss visceral peritoneum visitor visceral pleura visnavirus visceral plexuses visual visceral receptors visual acuity visceral reflexes visual association cortex visceral rupture visual attractant visceral sensation visual center visceral senses visual clues visceral sensory fibers visual cortex visceral sensory neurons visual cues visceral smooth muscle visual defects visceral structures visual difficulties visceral surface visual displays visceral vessels visual fibers viscerocranium visual fields viscerotropic visual fixation viscosity visual image viscosity of the blood visual impairment viscous visual information viscous resistance visual input viscus visual memories visible visual message visible by electron microscopy visual neurons visible light visual pathways visible spectrum visual perception vision visual periphery visual pigment 832 visual processing visual processing vitamin supplementation visual protection vitamin supplements visual reflexes vitelline duct visual response vitelline duct visual scenes vitelline envelope visual sensations vitelline layer visual signals vitelline membrane visual stimuli vitellogenin visual system vitiligo visualization vitreous visualize vitreous base visualized vitreous body visual-spatial vitreous chamber visuospatial vitreous cortex visuospatial analysis vitreous humor vital vitreous membrane vital capacity vitro evolution studies vital centers vitronectin vital enzymes viviparity vital forces viviparous vital functions VL vital organ VLA vital signs VLDL vital staining VLM vitalism vmp vitalist VNTRs vitality VO2 max vitamin D3 vocal calls 833 vocal communication vocal communication Volkmann's ischemic contracture vocal cord paralysis volley vocal cords volley period vocal folds voltage vocal ligament voltage clamp vocal matching voltage recorder vocal process voltage-activated vocalis muscle voltage-activated channels vocalization voltage-activated ion channels vocalizations voltage-gated channel vocalize voltage-gated ion channels voice box voltmeter voice reeds volume void volume conductor voiding volume homeostasis voiding reflex volume of distribution voiding stream volume of space volatile volume overload volcanic volume ratio volcanic action voluminous volcanic cone voluntarily volcanic eruption voluntary volcanic flow voluntary activity volcanic opening voluntary contraception volcanic plume voluntary contraction volcanic rock intrusions voluntary control volcanism voluntary movement volitional voluntary muscle 834 voluntary population control voluntary population control VTEC volutid vulgar warts volutids vulnerable Volutidae vulnerable period Volvariella volvacea vulva volvulus vulvae vomer vulvar lymphedema vomeronasal organ vulvovaginitis vomeronasal sensory neurons VUR vomeronasal system vWF vomit VZV vomiting VZV infection vomiting responses vomitus Von Ebner's glands von Willebrand factor VOR voriconazole vortex veins vorticose veins VP VPB VPg VR1 VSD VSSA VSV VTA 835 W warm countries wag warm deserts waggle warm parts of the body waggle dance warm receptors Wahlund effect warm-blooded wakeful period warming wakefulness warmth Waldeyer ring warmth receptor walking legs warning coloration walking pneumonia warning colors wall Warren shunt Wallace's biogeographic realms wart Wallace's line wart tissues wall-associated proteins wart viruses wall-degrading enzymes Warthin-Starry silver stain walled wartlike wallerian degeneration wash wall-less wash out walls of the aorta washed away walls of the atria washings walls of the carotid arteries waste wandering DNA segments waste decomposition wane waste disposal waning immunity waste matter warble waste products ward off waste removal warfarin waste site warm wastelands 836 wastes wastes water molds wasting water molecules wasting disease water movements wasting syndrome water potential water water potential gradient water absorption water quality water and electrolyte balance water retention water balance water scorpions water channels water sources water conducting cells of the xylem water storage water content water stress water currents water striders water cycle water table water deficit water temperature water diuresis water vapor water diversions water vascular system water emulsion water volume water ferns water way water film water-based water fleas waterborne water flow pattern water-conserving adaptation water flumes water-conserving features water intoxication watercress water lens water-crowfoot water lilies water-fearing water loss waterfowl water manager waterfowl chicks water metabolism water-hammer pulse 837 water-hating water-hating Watson-Crick base pairing water-holding capacity Watson-Crick DNA water-holding leaves Watson-Crick duplex Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome Watson-Crick pairings water-insoluble Watson's water hammer pulse waterline wave waterlogged wave action water-loving wave of depolarization watermeal wave of excitation watermelon snow wave of expansion waterproof wave pattern water's behavior wavelength water-saturated soil wavelengths watershed wavelike water-soluble wavelike motion water-stressed waves water-swollen waves of peristalsis waterways wax D watery wax glands watery diarrhea waxes watery environment waxy watery external environment waxy substance watery eyes WBCs watery medium weak watery saliva weak acids watery solution weak attractions watery stool weak base Watson-Crick base pair weak histocompatibility antigens 838 weak interactions weak interactions webbing of digits weak transplantation antigens webbing of neck weaken webbing of the clot weakened web-building weakened host immune defenses webworm weakened immune defenses Weddell seal weakened immune system wedge fracture weaker wedge-shaped weak-flying weed weakly weed killers weakly acidic weed out weakly basic weedy weakly positive weedy relatives weakness weevils wean weigh out wear down weight distribution weasel weight gain weasel family weight loss weather weight reduction weather conditions weightbearing weathered weightbearing bones weathering weightbearing joint weathering processes Weil disease weaver ants Weil-Felix agglutination test web space Weil-Felix test webbed well webbed feet well nourished webbing well oxygenated 839 well plate well plate wet mount well preserved wet period well vascularized wet preparation well-baby immunizations wet season well-defined wet woodlands well-defined circumstances wetland well-defined disease wetland birds well-developed wetlands well-fed wet-mount preparation well-formed wet-mount preparation examination well-innervated wetting well-preserved whale front flipper well-provisioned whaling well-recognized Wharton duct well-tolerated wheal Wenckebach phenomenon whealing of the skin Wenckebach's bundle wheat germ extract Wernicke’s area wheat leaf rust Wernicke's area wheat rust West Nile fever wheat starch West Nile virus wheel animals westerlies wheel shaped Western blot wheezing Western blot assay whelk Western blotting whiplike Western immunoblot whipping wet Whipple disease wet air masses Whipple's disease 840 whipworm whipworm whole genome sequences whipworm infection whole grains whirl whole milk whisk ferns whole number whiskers whole-cell vaccine white blood cells whole-chromosome comparisons white breast muscles whole-gene level white cells whole-genome duplications white coat hypertension whole-muscle contractions white fat whooping white fibers whooping cough white matter whooping cough paroxysms white muscles whorl of stamens white mushrooms whorled white piedra whorled leaf arrangement white pulp whorled phyllotaxy white rami whorls white rami communicantes wide split white ramus communicans wide-awake white RC widen white reflex wide-ranging species white rot widespread white rot fungi widespread effects white-blooded fish widespread infection whitefish widow's hump white-spot lesion width of the cline Whitnall's ligament wiggle whole blood wild 841 wild animal cycles wild animal cycles windblown wild-caught individuals wind-borne wilderness area wind-driven wildfire windfall fruit wildflower bulbs winding wildflowers winding up wildland windowing wildlife windpipe wildlife habitat wind-pollinated wildlife management windward wildlife park windy wildlife refuge wing wildtype wing bones wild-type wing covers wild-type strain wing feathers wild-type virus wing length Willis' circle winged Willis polygon winged scapula willow thickets wingless willowy wings of a bird Wilms tumor wingspan wilt winter wind winter buds wind around winter rye wind dispersal winter snow wind patterns winter vetch wind pollination Winterbottom’s sign wind tunnel wintering destinations 842 wintering ground wintering ground wood pulp wipe out wood rats wiring wood-boring wishbone wood-boring insects with woodchuck withdraw woodland withdrawal woodland bird withdrawal bleeding woodland rodents withdrawal method woodlands withdrawal reflex woodlot withdrawal symptoms woodworker's lung wither woody within-colony relatedness woody plants within-population variation woody shrubs without woody tissue withstand woody vines wobble woolly mammoth wobble base worker ants wobble base pairing workers wobble hypothesis worker bees wobble nucleoside working memory Wolffian duct workup wolffian duct system world climate Wolffian ridge worldwide Wolhynian fever worldwide distributed womb worldwide distribution wood chips worm eggs wood frog worm infections 843 worm lizards worm lizards wrist joint wormian bones writhe wormlike worms worn-out worsened worsening of symptoms wound wound botulism wound contamination with saliva wound debridement wound healing wound infections wound material wound myiasis wound response wound secretion wounded wounding Wr wrap around wrapped wrapping wrasses wrinkling wrist wrist bones wrist drop 844 X X-gal X xiphoid X- and Y-bearing sperm xiphoid process X chromosome X-irradiation X factor X-linked X genome X-linked genes X inactivation X-linked recessive traits xanthine X-ray xanthine oxidase x-ray absorption xanthoma X-ray beam xanthophyll X-ray crystallography x-axis X-ray crystallography data X-bearing egg X-ray crystallography studies X-bearing sperm X-ray data X-containing sperm X-ray diffraction xenarthrans X-ray diffraction data Xenarthra X-ray diffraction image of DNA xenobiotic X-ray diffraction pattern xenobiotic metabolism X-ray diffraction photographs xenodiagnosis X-ray diffraction studies xenogeneic X-ray film xenogeneic transplant X-ray measurements xenon X-ray plate xeric X-rays xeric plant XX pattern xeroderma pigmentosum XXY constitution xerophyte XY pattern xerostomia xylem 845 xylem arms xylem arms xylem cells xylem parenchyma xylem sap xylem transport xylocaine xyloglucan xylose xylose lysine deoxycholate agar xylulose-5-phosphate 846 Y Y y-hexachlorocyclohexane Y yield Y chromosome Y-linked genes Y chromosome sequences yolk YAC vectors yolk glands YACs yolk nutrients yaws yolk plug y-axis yolk protein gene Y-bearing sperm yolk proteins Y-chromosome data yolk sac yearly cycle of seasons yolk sac yeast artificial chromosome vectors yolk sac membrane yeast artificial chromosomes yolk stalk yeast cell yolk-filled yeast episomal plasmids yolk-free yeast form yolk-laden yeast mycoses yolky yeast Ty elements young yeast Ty retrotransposons young adult blindness yeasts young fish yellow fever yucca yellow fever virus yellow marrow yellow warbler yellowing of leaves Yersinia yersiniae y-globulins 847 Z zona fasciculata Z line zona glomerulosa Z ring zona incerta Z-DNA zona pellucida Z-DNA regulatory elements zona reticularis Zea zonation zeatin zone of differentiation zeaxanthin zone of elongation zero population growth zone of hybridization zero potential zone of maturation zero-gravity zone of repolarization Z-helix zoned reserve Ziehl-Neelsen stain zoned reserve approach Ziehl-Neelsen staining zonula adherens Ziemann dots zonula occludens ZIFT zonula occludens toxin zigzag zonular fibers zig-zag motion zonule of Zinn zig-zag structure zoo zinc zoo blot zinc endopeptidase zoo-bred zinc finger domains zoogeography zinc finger motifs zoological taxonomy zinc fingers zoologist zinc metalloprotease zoology zinc-dependent protease zoonose zinc-metalloprotease zoonotic Zn zoonotic disease 848 zoonotic infection zoonotic infection zygomaticotemporal branch zoonotic pathogen zygomaticotemporal foramen zoopathic zygomaticotemporal nerve zoopathogenic zygomaticus major muscle zoophilic zygomaticus minor muscle zooplankton zygomycetes zoosporangium zygomycoses zoospores Zygomycota zootropic zygosporangium zooxanthellae zygospore zoster zygote Zovirax zygote cytoplasm Zovirax zygote fungi zwitterions zygote intrafallopian transfer zygapophysial joint zygote nucleus zygapophysial joint pain zygote's nucleus zygomatic arch zygotic zygomatic bone zygotic selection zygomatic nerve zymodeme zygomatic process zymodeme analysis zygomatic process of the frontal bone zymogen zygomatic process of the maxilla zymogen granules zygomaticofacial zygomaticofacial branch zygomaticofacial foramen zygomaticofacial nerve zygomaticotemporal zygomaticotemporal artery 849 − RNA viruses − RNA viruses 3' cleavage and polyadenylation + RNA genome 3' end + RNA genome 3' to 5' proofreading exonuclease activity + RNA viruses 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid +/− RNA 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol µg 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid μm 3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine 0 antigens 3',5'-phosphodiester bond 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 3′ polyadenylate sequence -10 sequence 3′-hydroxyl 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3′-polyadenylate tail 16-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 3' 5' proofreading exonuclease 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin 30S initiation complex 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate 3-carbon sugars 2,4-D 3'-cleavage 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacteic acid 3'-cleavage and polyadenylation 23S rRNA methylase 3'-codon base 2-D chain structure 3-D 2D gel 3-D shape 2D gel electrophoresis 3'-end 2-deoxyglucose 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid 2'-deoxyribose 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid 2-keto-3-deoxy-octanoate 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol 2-monoacylglycerols 3-methylguanine 2-monoglycerides 3'-noncoding region 2-oxoadenine 3'-nucleotides 850 3'-residues 3'-residues 5'-capping 3'-tail 5'-end 3'-terminal CCA 5'-exonuclease 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 5'-exonuclease attack 4,5-β-trihydroxyphenethylamine 5'-flanking portion of a gene 40S ribosome subunit complex 5-fluorocytosine 43S pre-initiation complex 5-formyluracil 4-hydroxyproline 5-HIAA 4-quinolones 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid 5' anticodon base 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid 5' carbon 5-hydroxylysine 5'- end mapping 5-hydroxytryptamine 5' to 3' degradation 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase 5' to 5' 5'-leader 5′ cap structure 5-methyl cytidine 5′ methylated cap 5-methylcytosine 5′-cap 5-methyluracil 5′-cap structure 5'-noncoding region 5′-capped portion of mRNA 5'-OH 5′-methyl capped guanosine 5-phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate 5'-5' triphosphate bridge 5'-sense strand 5'-anticodon base 5'-splice site 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine 60S subunit 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside 6a-methoxy ticarcillin 6-a-methoxy-ticarcillin 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyra noside 6-phosphogluconate 5-bromouracil 6-sulfatoxymelatonin 5'-cap 70S initiation complex 851 7-aminocephalosporanic acid 7-aminocephalosporanic acid α-synuclein 7-dehydrocholesterol α-TIF 7-methylguanosine α-trans-inducing factor 7-methylguanosine nucleotide β sheet, β-sheet 7-methylguanosine triphosphate β-aminobenzoic acid 80S ribosomes β-amyloid peptides 8-aminoquinoline β-gal fusion protein 8-oxoguanine β-globulins α helix region β-hemolysis α1-adrenergic receptor β-hemolytic streptococci α1-antitrypsin β-hydroxybutyrate α-amanitin β-hydroxybutyric acid α-amylase β-lactam antibiotics α-branched fatty acid β-lactam ring α-dextrins β-lactamase α-globulins β-lactamase inhibitors α-helical β-lipotropin α-helical conformation β-LPH α-helical region β-oxidation α-helical secondary structure β-phage α-helical segment β-pleated sheet α-helix β-pleated sheet conformation α-helix formation β-propiolactone α-helix forming regions β-strand α-hemolysis γ-aminobutyric acid α-keratin γ-carboxyglutamic acid α-pleated sheet γ-hemolysis α-proteobacteria γ-hemolytic streptococci 852 γ-proteobacteria γ-proteobacteria λ arms λ end fragments 853

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Download A band A box A cells A site A streptococci A/E