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Systematic Anatomy
Locomotor system - Part 3
Upper bones and their joints
Dr.Hongqi Zhang (张红旗)
Email: [email protected]
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
The bones of upper limb
and their junction
The upper limb is characterized by
considerable mobility and is adapted
for grasping & manipulation.
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Bone of the upper limb-64
Bones of Shoulder girdle
Clavicle 1
Scapula 1
Bones of free upper limb
Humerus 1
Ulna 1
Radius 1
Carpal bones 8
Metacarpal bones 5
Phalangeal bones 14
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Clavicles
S-shaped long bone
Fracture of
the clavicle
1 shaft & 2 ends
Medial 2/3 convex forward
Lateral 1/3 convex
backward
Sternal end medially
Easily fracture point
Acromial end laterally
Superior surface
Inferior surface
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Scapula
A broad triangular flat bone
Lie on posterolateral aspect of the thorax
Overlying the 2nd -7th ribs
Three angles, three borders, two surfaces
Scapular
notch
Coracoid process
Sup.border
Sup.angle
Acromion
Supraglenoid
tubercle
Glenoid cavity
Inf.scapular fossa
Lat.angle
Infraglenoid tubercle
Med.border
Lat.border
Ant. surface
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Inf.angle
Scapula
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Coracoid
process
Scapular
notch
Acromion
Sup.angle
Acromion
Supraspinatous fossa
Lat.angle
Scapular spine
Infraglenoid tubercle
Infraspinatous fossa
Lat.border
Med.border
Inf.angle
Post. surface
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Bones of free upper limb
1-Humerus 1
1
2-Ulna 1
3-Radius 1
2
4-Carpal bones 8
3
4
5-Metacarpal bones 5
5
6-Phalangeal bones 14
6
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Humerus
Anatomical neck
Greater tubercles
Intertubercular sulcus
Crests of greater
tubercle
Detoid tuberosity
Radial fossa
Lat.epicondyle
Head of humerus
Lesser tubercles
Crest of lesser
tubercle
Trochlea of humerus
Greater
tubercles
Surgical
neck
Surgical neck
Long bone
One shaft
Two ends
Sulcus for
radial n.
Olecranon fossa
Coronoid fossa
Med.epicondyle
Capitulum of humerus
Head of
humerus
Medial
epicondyle
Sulcus for
ulnar n.
Lat.epicondyle
Trochlea of
humerus
Post. surface
of humerus
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Ant. surface
humerus
Olecranon
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ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan
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Radius
and ulnar
Trochlear notch
Articular fovea
Head of radius
Articular circumference
Neck of radius
Coronoid process
Radial notch of ulna
Ulnar tuberosity
Radial tuberosity
Interosseous border
Interosseous border
Ulnar notch
Carpal articular surface
Styloid process
Articular circumference
Head of ulnar
Styloid process
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surface of radius
and ulnar
Olecranon
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ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Head of radius
Neck of radius
Radial tuberosity
Shaft of ulnar
Radius
& ulnar
Shaft of radius
Head of ulnar
Styloid process
of ulnar
Ulnar
notch
Styloid process
of radius
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of Anatomy-Fudan
Post. surface of radius
and ulnar University
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Bones of the hand
Carpal 8
Metacarpal 5
Phalangeal 14
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Carpal bones
Proximal row
(lateral to medial)
S- Scaphoid
L- Lunate
T- Triquetral
P- Pisiform
Distal row
(lateral to medial)
Tm-Trapezium
Td- Trapezoid
C- Capitate
H- Hamate
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Carpal bones
Proximal row
4
(lateral to medial)
A- Scaphoid
B- Lunate
C- Triquetral
D- Pisiform
Distal row
(lateral to medial)
E-Trapezium
F- Trapezoid
G- Capitate
H- Hamate
1-radius 2- ulnar 3- third metacarpal 4-first metacarpal
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Description of bones of upper limb
Bone
Part
Scapula
• Glenoid fossa
Description
• Depression that articulates with
humerus
• Spine
• Long, posterior process for
muscle attachment
• Acromion process
• Articulates with clavicle
Clavicle • Acromial end
• Articulates with scapula
• Sternal end
• Articulates with manubrium of
sternum
Humerus • Head
• Round process that articulates
with scapula
• Round process for the deltoid
• Deltoid tubercle
muscle
• Posterior, oval depression for the
• Olecranon fossa
olecranon process of the ulna
• Capitulum
• Round process superior to radius
• Concave surface that articulates
• Trochlea
withofulna
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Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Description of bones of upper limb
Bone
Part
Description
Radius
• Head
• Articulates with the ulna
Ulna
• Olecranon process
• Semilunar notch
• Fits into olecranon fossa of
humerus
• “Half-moon” depression that
articulates with the trochlea
of ulna
Carpals
(8)
• Scaphoid • Lunate
• Triquetrum• Pisiform
• Trapezium• Trapezoid
• Capitate • Hamate
• Proximal row
• Distal row
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Joints of the upper limb
Joints of should girdle
Joints of the free upper limb bone
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Joints between clavicle and trunk bones
Acromion
Coracoacroial lig.
Acromioclavicular joint
Coranoid
process
Sternoclavicular joint
The medial end of the clavicle articulate with the manubrium
sterni and it is the only joint between the shoulder girdle &
axial skeleton.the lateral end articulates with the acromion
of the scapula.
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Joints between clavicle and trunk bones
Anterior
sternoclavicular lig.
Interclavicular lig.
Articular disc
Costoclavicular lig.
1st costal cartilage
Manubrium
Sternocostal
synchondrosis of 1st rib
The medial end of the clavicle articulate with the manubrium
sterni and it is the only joint between the shoulder girdle &
axial skeleton. The lateral end articulates with the acromion
of the scapula.
Movements:
Elevation and depression
Forward and backward
Rotation and circumduction
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Joints of free upper limb bone
The Shoulder joint
The Elbow joint
The Joint of the ulna & the radius
The Wrist joint
The Joints of the hand
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Shoulder joint-one of the most important ones
Acromion
Classification:
Coracohumeral lig.
Ball and socket joint
Long head of
Multiaxial synovial joint biceps brachii
The most flexible joint
Intertubercular
Bones:
synovial sheath
Head of humerus and
Glenoid cavity of scapula
Capsule:
Thin and lax, especially (lower part)
Attachments:
Proximal to glenoid labrum
Distal to anatomical neck
Lower wall of capsule is lax
Tendon of long head of biceps brachii
Articular
cartilage
Articular cavity
Glenoid
labrum
Articular
capsule
Articular
capsule
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Shoulder joint-one of the most important ones
Acromioclavicular joint
Coracoclavicular lig.
Coracoacrominal lig.
Sup.transverse
scapular lig.
Coracohumeral lig.
Tendon of supraspinatus
Tendon of
subscapularis
Articular capsule
Tendon of long
head of biceps
Shoulder joint (anterior aspect)
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Shoulder joint-one of the most important ones
Subacromial bursa
Coracoacrominal lig.
Coracohumeral lig.
Tendon of supraspinatus
Tendon of infraspinatus
Tendon of long
head of biceps
sup.glenohumeral lig.
Mid.glenohumeral lig.
Glenoid labrum
Tendon of subscapularis
Inf.glenohumeral lig.
Tendon of teres minor
Glenoid cavity
Structuer of shoulder joint (sagittal section)
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Shoulder joint-one of the most important ones
Acromion
• Accessory structures
Coracohumeral lig.
Long head of
bieps brachii
– Glenoid labrum:
Coracohumeral lig
Intertubercular
synovial sheath
• Movements:
Articular
cartilage
Articular cavity
Glenoid
labrum
Articular
capsule
Flextion, extension,
Adduction, abduction,
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation,
Easy to dislolcate to ant.
and inferior direction
Circumduction
Anterior
dislocationUniversity
of right shoulder
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Anatomy-Fudan
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Hongqi ZHANG-Department
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Elbow
of the
most important ones
Bones:
lower end of humerus,upper
ends of radius and ulna
1
– Humeroulnar joint-1
Formed by trochlear of humerus &
troclear noch (hinge)
2
Ant. view
– Humeroradial joint-2
Formed by capitulum of humerus
& head of radius (ball and socket)
– Proximal radioulnar joint-3
– Formed by articular circumference
of radius and radial notch of ulna
3
Ant. view University
Post. view
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Elbow joint-one of the
most important ones
Capsule: thin and lax
Ligaments
Radial collateral lig-1.
Attached to lateral epicondyle &
annular ligament of radius
Ulnar collateral lig-2.
Attached to medial epicondyle to
medial border of trochlear notch
Annular lig.of radius-3
Attached to ant. & post.margins
of radial notch of ulna,surrounds
the head of radius
1
2
ulna
3
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Elbow joint-one of the most important ones
Olecranon fossa
Coronoid fossa
Post.wall of articular capsule
Trochlea of humerus
Ant.wall of
articular
capsule
Trochlea notch
Coronoid process
Trochlea of
humerus
Annular lig.of radius
Tendon of
biceps brachii
Elbow in extension
Olecranon
Elbow in flection
Elbow joint
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Articulation between radius & ulna
1-Proximal radioulnar joint
Proximal radioulnar joint
2-Distal radioulnar joint
Oblique cord
Formed by head of ulna,
ulnar notch of radius
and an articular disc
Ulnar
Radius
Interosseous
membrane of forearm
3-Interosseous membrane
of forearm
A fibrous membrane between
Annular lig.of radius
the shaft of radius and ulna
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
The movement of the forearm bones
Ant.view supination
Ant.view pronation
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
The movement of the forearm bones
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Joints of the hand
Interphalangeal joint
Matacarpophalangeal joint
Intermetacarpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint
Intercarpal joint
Radiocarpal joint
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Joints of hand
Radiocarpal joint (ellipsoid)
Bones
Carpal articular surface of
radius & articular disc
below the ulna
Proximal row of carpal:
Scaphoid,lunate,triquetral
bones,but not pisiform
Capsule: Lax & strengthened
by surrounding lig.
Movements:
Flexion & extension,
Adduction & abduction,
& circumduction
ulna
radius
thumb
Ligaments of wrist
coronal section-dorsal view
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Joints of the hand
Intercarpal joints
Carpometacarpal joints:
★ Carpometacarpal joint of
thumb Bones:
trapezium and base of first
metacarpal
Movement:
Flexion & extension,
Adduction & abduction
and opposition
Intermetacarpal joints
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Interphalangeal joints
ulna
radius
thumb
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Summary
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Bone of the upper limb-64
Bones of Shoulder girdle
Clavicle 1
Scapula 1
Bones of free upper limb
Humerus 1
Ulna 1
Radius 1
Carpal bones 8
Metacarpal bones 5
Phalangeal bones 14
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Muscle of rotator cuff
posterior view
Muscle of rotator cuff
Anterior view
Shoulder joint dislocation & reduction method
Dislocation of should joint
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Elbow: lateral radiograph
Elbow:anteroposterior radiograph
Subluxation
radius capitulum of Anatomy-Fudan University
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
X-ray of upper limb bones-fracture
The fracture of the humerus
Double fracture of the forearm
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Fracture of the distal end of the radius
Colles’fracture
Within 2.5cm distal
end of radius
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
X-ray of hand bones - fracture
Metacarpal fracture
Wrist and hand;
anteroposterior
radiograph of Anatomy-Fudan University
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Upper Limb X-ray
Dislocation of shoulder joint
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Ant.view(left)
Upper Limb X-ray
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Surgical neck fracture
Fracture of the ulnar
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Kyphosis
Column convex backward
Scoliosis
Column convex laterally
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
The important contents today
Master the name,number and location of
the upper limb bones
Master the morphological feature of the
scapular, humerus,ulna and radius
Master the arrangement of the hand bone
Master the structure and movement of the
shoulder joint, elbow joint & the wrist joint.
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
knowledge related to the clinic
Fracture of clavicle
Fracture of scapula
Fracture of surgical neck of humerus
Fracture of shaft of humerus
Supracondylar fracture of the humerus
Fracture of ulna
Fracture of radius
Double fracture of both radius &ulna
Colle’s fracture
Within 2.5 cm distal end of radius
Shoulder dislocation
Subluxation of capitulum radius
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
The end ! Good luck to you!
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University