Download Energy/ Cells 10/4 - Nutley Public Schools

ENERGY TRANSFER:
Reactants

Products
(: means bonds will be broken)
Ex: Cooking analogy- Baking a cake, brownie, etc.
1) You gather your materials
2) Put it in the oven
3) You have delicious brownies/ cookies or whatever
BUT: Not all reactions were created equal
Exergonic/ Exothermic Reaction:
- A chemical reaction that results in a RELEASE of energy
Endergonic/ Endothermic Reaction:
- A chemical reaction that results in an ABSORPTION of energy
Activation Energy:
- The energy needed to start a reaction
The goal is to have the lowest activation energy possible.
CATALYST- A substance that reduces the activation energy of a reaction
ENZYME- Acts as a catalyst in a living system
- Usually a protein
ENERGY CURRENCY:
- The energy currency for the cell is a molecule called….
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A = Adenosine
P= Phosphate
~ = Chemical Bond
ATP= A~P~P~P
ADP= A~P~P
AMP= A~P
Breaking of a bond (~) in ATP releases energy (EXERGONIC)
A~P~P~P  A~P~P+P+ENERGY
MAKING of a bond (~) in ATP “bottles up” energy for later use (requires energy
input)
A~P~P+P+ENERGY  A~P~P~P
ATOMS AND CELLS:
ALL things both living and not are made up of atoms.
But, only living things have cells
THE CELL!
The smallest unit that can carry on life processes
 “the building block of life”
DISCOVERY:
- Early 1600’s  invention of the lens
- 1665- Robert Hooke (England)
o Observed thin slice of cork with a microscope
o Saw “a great many little boxes”
o Coined the term cell- by comparing the cells from the cork to that of
the cells of the monastery
- 1675- Anton van Leeuwenhoek
o Dutch microscope maker
o First observed living cells with a microscope
These observations (and later ones) all contributed to……. THE CELL “THEORY”
Cell Theory has 3 statements:
1) All living things are made up on one or more cells
2) The cell is the basic unit of STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of an organism
3) Cells come only from pre-existing cells.