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Lecture 5 Slides rh Things to do with glucose… fig 14-1 adenosine triphosphate… ATP fig 13-11 free energies are additive! 11kg 68kg In metabolism, it is all about the coupling mechanism riddle: how do you lift 11 kg? ans: lower a weight > 11kg! fig 13-9 It takes ATP to make ATP! fig 14-2 the preparatory phase delayed gratification in glycolytic catabolism fig 14-2 the payoff phase Glucose catabolism around the bios… fig 14-3 Phosphorylation of glucose pg 532 Hexokinse: an example of induced fit fig 6-22 Hexokinse: an example of induced fit fig 6-22 Isomerization of glucose 6-P pg 532 Anomers… rh The structural simplicity of isomerase reaction rh Phosphorylation of fructose 6-P pg 532 Cleavage of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate by aldolase pg 533 Cleavage of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate by aldolase now have two distinct 3-carbon molecules fig 14-6 DHAP isomerization gives us 2 identical G3P pg 534 Isomerase action is familiar… same chemistry, different enzyme Equivalent carbons from different parts of glucose fig 14-6 A fancy redox reaction… pg 535 A fancy redox reaction catalyzed by GAPDH fig 14-7 The GAPDH active site fig 14-7 Enyzme-substrate complex fig 14-7 a covalent intermediate between a cysteine S and the substrate fig 14-7 The carbon molecule gets oxidized!! fig 14-7 Phosphate as a nucleophile!!?? fig 14-7 release of the product, 1,3 BPG fig 14-7 Ready for more substrate… fig 14-7 This is the product of interest! fig 14-7 Voila! Our first ATP! XX pg 537 Substrate level phosphorylation: the general idea “Isomerization” of 3PG to make 2PG “mutase” is isomerase that moves groups pg 537 A low level intermediate must be produced fig 14-8 (fourth) Making an enol form by removal of H2O pg 538 A second substrate level phosphorylation: more ATP! pg 538 Ta Da!!! Pyruvic acid pg 538 LDH converts pyruvate to lactate, restoring the pool of NAD+ pg 547 Glycolysis: energy without O2 anaerobic organisms neutrophil anaerobic situations CEOLACANTH: the Living Fossil Glycolysis in action: 100 mt sprint Usain Bolt!!
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