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EOC EARTH SCIENCE RELEASED ITEMS
REPORTING CATEGORY: GEOLOGY - ROCKS & MINERALS
DIRECTIONS
Read each question carefully and choose the best
answer.
3
The picture shows a limestone building
block. Which observation best shows
that the limestone was formed from
ocean sediments?
A
B
C
D
1
4
The thickness of the rock layers
The number of fossils
The type of fossils
The size of the fossils
Igneous rocks are formed by —
A heat and pressure on existing rocks
B evaporation of water, leaving solids
behind
C cooling and hardening of molten rock
D layers of mud on the bottom of a lake
5
These minerals may be grouped together
because they all have —
A
B
C
D
2
the same crystal systems
constant density values
shiny streaks
the oxygen ion
The presence of many metamorphic rocks
in Virginia is an indication that the area
has been subjected to —
A
B
C
D
intense heat and pressure
limited volcanic activity
deep ocean venting
massive solar bombardment
Which of the following minerals found in
the northern Piedmont province is known
as “fool’s gold?”
A
B
C
D
Pyrite
Hematite
Galena
Limonite
Geology - Rocks & Minerals
6
10
At which location are metamorphic rocks
most likely to be found?
A
B
C
D
7
A
B
C
D
Which of these can determine the size of
grains in igneous rocks?
A
B
C
D
8
Page 2
Amount of rare minerals
Distance from a plate boundary
Size of the volcano
Cooling rate of molten rock
What property is shared by many
gemstones, such as diamonds, rubies,
sapphires, emeralds, and topaz?
A
B
C
D
Extreme hardness
High specific gravity
Carbon as the primary element
Ductility
C
9 The density of a mineral is determined by
its mass and —
A hardness
B luster
C volume
D shape
Which answer below matches the number in
the drawing with the correct name of a
sedimentary formation?
A 1-delta, 2-continental rise, 3-flood plain
B 1-alluvial fan, 2-flood plain, 3-delta
C 1-barrier island, 2-continental shelf, 3alluvial fan
D 1-continental shelf, 2-continental rise, 3barrier island
11 Sinkholes associated with natural
processes are characteristic of what type
of bedrock?
A
B
C
D
Limestone
Granite
Basalt
Gneiss
Geology - Rocks & Minerals
12 Geologists think that parts of the
Appalachian Mountains formed
originally from sediments accumulating
in shallow swamps. The weight of the
sediments caused the area beneath them
to sink, allowing more sediments to
accumulate. The process continued until
many layers had formed. Then tectonic
processes folded the layered sediments
into a range of mountains. What evidence
for this theory can be found in the current
structure of these mountains?
A Some rocks making up these mountains
show signs of volcanism.
B The form of these mountains is very
eroded.
C The mountains exhibit folded layers of
rocks containing fossils from shallow
water.
D The mountain range consists of parallel
ridges of different ages.
Page 3
14 More often than metamorphic or igneous
rocks, sedimentary rocks have —
A
B
C
D
many holes from trapped gases
large quartz crystals
numerous fossils
a glassy appearance
15 Which of the following minerals, when in
the form of sand, can be used to
manufacture glass?
A
B
C
D
Gypsum
Diamond
Calcite
Quartz
16
13
The map shows some of the bedrock in
Virginia. Which of these has the oldest
exposed bedrock?
A
B
C
D
Which conclusion can be made based on the
information in the chart?
A
B
C
D
Quartz is harder than topaz.
Calcite is harder than apatite.
Fluorite is harder than feldspar.
Gypsum is harder than talc.
Hightown Valley
Monterey
Jack Mountain
Bull Pasture
Geology - Rocks & Minerals
17 Which of the following properties refers
to the colored powder resulting from
rubbing a mineral against a harder
surface?
A
B
C
D
21 Many quarries in Virginia produce
crushed stone. What industry uses the
most crushed stone?
A
B
C
D
Hardness
Luster
Cleavage
Streak
18 Metamorphic rocks whose minerals are
arranged in layers or bands are called —
A
B
C
D
Page 4
22 Slate is a fairly common rock that can be
used for roofing shingles. What property
makes it most suitable for this use?
unfoliated
nonclastic
clastic
foliated
19
Plastics
Construction
Electronics
Steel
A
B
C
D
It can be split into thin, flat layers.
It feels soft and smooth.
It is hard and brittle.
It can occur in different colors.
23 Heat and pressure can transform igneous
rock into metamorphic rock. What
processes can transform igneous rock into
sedimentary rock?
A
B
C
D
Heat and pressure
Rifting and subduction
Erosion and sedimentation
Evaporation and condensation
24
Using this procedure, what property of a
mineral can be found?
A
B
C
D
Crystal arrangement
Specific gravity
Brittleness
Fracture
20 Because granite cools below the surface of
the Earth, it is —
A
B
C
D
an igneous extrusive rock
an igneous intrusive rock
a sedimentary rock
a metamorphic rock
The mineral in the above table that has a blue
color and will scratch garnet is —
A
B
C
D
pyrite
garnet
magnetite
topaz
Geology - Rocks & Minerals
25 All of the following are characteristics of
metamorphic rocks except —
A
B
C
D
Page 5
29 Rock layers tell a story about their past.
What is the basic assumption that is made
when reading this story?
flattened crystals
colored, parallel layers
bending from pressure
holes from trapped gases
A The composition of the Earth’s
atmosphere has been constant.
B The Earth’s crust cooled and then
remelted before rock layers began to
form.
C The processes in the rock cycle were the
same in the past as they are today.
D Chemical reactions in the past were
slower than they are today.
26 The mineral resources of Virginia can be
conserved by doing all of the following
except —
A
B
C
D
recycling
reducing
regenerating
reusing
27 Which of these is most important in
determining how a rock was formed?
A
B
C
D
Color and shape
Luster and hardness
Composition and texture
Size and weight
28
Which area is most likely the oldest
section of rock?
A
B
C
D
1
2
3
4
30
Mohs Hardness Scale
Scale Number
Mineral
1
Talc
2
Gypsum
3
Calcite
4
Fluorite
5
Apatite
6
Orthoclase
7
Quartz
8
Topaz
9
Corundum
10
Diamond
The chart shows the Mohs scale for
measuring the hardness of minerals. A
mineral that can scratch fluorite and can
be scratched by orthoclase is able to —
A scratch both calcite and quartz
B be scratched by both calcite and quartz
C scratch calcite and be scratched by
quartz
D scratch quartz and be scratched by
calcite
Geology - Rocks & Minerals
Page 6
31 Cyanite (Al2SiO5), quartz (SiO2), and
leucite (KAlSi2O6) may be grouped
together because they all contain —
A
B
C
D
aluminum
carbon
potassium
silicon
A
B
C
D
32 Igneous Rocks
Type of
Magma/Lava
Intrusive
Extrusive
Gabbro
Basalt,
Scoria
Andesitic
Diorite
Andesite
Granitic
Granite
Rhyolite,
pumice,
obsidian
Of these igneous rocks, which would
contain the largest crystals?
Granite
Obsidian
Pumice
Rhyolite
33 Students want to identify a rock in a
nearby field. Which of the following
properties would be most useful in
identifying the unknown rock?
A
B
C
D
Thickness
Color
Size
Texture
35 Rocks formed by the cementing of
weathered materials are called —
Basaltic
A
B
C
D
34 Which of these provides the best evidence
of the environment in which an igneous
rock was formed?
Color
Smell
Mineral content
Specific weight
A
B
C
D
sedimentary rocks
extrusive igneous rocks
basalt
magma
36 Extrusive rocks have small grains because
they —
A
B
C
D
cool quickly
harden underground
contain rare minerals
have a rough mixture
Geology - Rocks & Minerals
Page 7
VIRGINIA
STANDARDS OF LEARNING ASSESSMENTS
RELEASED TEST – EARTH SCIENCE ANSWER KEY
Number
Answer
Category
Reporting Category Description
1
D
002
Geology
2
A
002
Geology
3
C
002
Geology
4
C
002
Geology
5
A
002
Geology
6
C
002
Geology
7
D
002
Geology
8
A
002
Geology
9
C
002
Geology
10
B
002
Geology
11
A
002
Geology
12
C
002
Geology
13
D
002
Geology
14
C
002
Geology
15
D
002
Geology
16
A
002
Geology
17
D
002
Geology
18
D
002
Geology
19
B
002
Geology
20
B
002
Geology
21
B
002
Geology
22
A
002
Geology
23
C
002
Geology
24
D
002
Geology
25
D
002
Geology
26
C
002
Geology
27
C
002
Geology
Geology - Rocks & Minerals
Page 8
Number
Answer
Category
Reporting Category Description
28
D
002
Geology
29
C
002
Geology
30
C
002
Geology
31
D
002
Geology
32
A
002
Geology
33
C
002
Geology
34
D
002
Geology
35
A
002
Geology
36
A
002
Geology